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25 women you don’t remember from history but should
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From successfully getting an astronaut into space to leading the
suffragette movement, these women have done remarkable things.
Credit where credit is due. Here are 25 women you probably don't
remember from history, but should.
Caresse Crosby
A key figure in 1920s ex-pat Paris, Caresse Crosby was a
rebellious socialite who is said to have
launched the career of Salvador Dali and founded a publishing
house whose writers included Hemingway, Faulkner, and Joyce.
Her most notable contribution, however, was
inventing the modern bra - an accomplishment that has largely
gotten lost in history.
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Hedy Lamarr
Actress Hedy Lamarr was one of Hollywood's top glamour girls
during the Golden Age - but few people remember that she was also
an inventor.
She worked alongside composer George Antheil
to
develop her idea of "frequency hopping,"
which would've prevented military radios from being
bugged. Her patent was brushed off by the US Navy, who
classified it and filed it away - until they gradually
began developing technologies based on it, with zero credit
to her.
Luckily, a researcher unearthed the original patent, and
Lamarr was given the Electronic Frontier Foundation Award
shortly before her death in 2000.
But frequency hopping is the reason we have many modern
technologies like WiFi, Bluetooth, and GPS. Its invention
spawned a multi-billion dollar industry of the 21st century
- which
Lamarr's estate still hasn't received a cent of.
Josephine Baker
Josephine Baker was a famous dancer and performer, becoming
the first person of color to star in a major motion picture (the
1934 film "Zouzou"). Refusing to perform for segregated audiences
in the US, she's also known for her contributions to the Civil
Rights Movement. If that all wasn't enough, she was also a spy
for the French Resistance during WWII, as she
smuggled messages in her sheet music.
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Ada Lovelace
Ada Lovelace was a 19th-century mathematician who is said
to have worked with Charles Babbage to write instructions for the
first computer code in the 1800s. She was also the daughter of
famed poet Lord Byron, who called her his
"Princess of Parallelograms."
She was a prolific writer in her lifetime, penning both fiction
and political texts. Sand was also a trailblazer
off the page - she was known to wear men's clothes and
smoke tobacco in public, two things women didn't do at the time.
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Martha Graham
Martha Graham was a modern dance pioneer whose signature Graham
technique is regarded as a groundbreaking style that changed the
face of dance. Today, Graham technique is taught at institutions
all around the world, including the Martha Graham School of Contemporary
Dance, which was founded in 1926.
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A writer herself, Zelda Fitzgerald is said to have been a
very large inspiration for her husband's work. Outspoken and
ahead of her time, he described her as "the first American
Flapper."
One of her most famous essays, "Compulsory Heterosexuality
and Lesbian Existence," was a major influencer of the radical
feminist movement of the 1980s.
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Recently celebrated in the film "Hidden Figures,"
mathematician Katherine Johnson (aka the "human computer") spent
over 30 years at NASA, and was
awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2015. She is
credited with doing the calculations that first sent a man to the
moon.
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Indira Gandhi
Indira Gandhi was the
first and only female Prime Minister of India. While often
considered ruthless and authoritarian, she was a successful
leader, having helped India gain self-sufficiency in food grain
production by spearheading agricultural improvements, and leading
the country through the Pakistan war. She is the world's
longest-serving female Prime Minister to this day.
However, Joshua won a Nobel Prize, and Esther's
contributions are largely forgotten.
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Her best-known act of protest includes removing her face veil in
a crowded Cairo train station upon returning home from an
International Women Suffrage Alliance conference, which was a
turning point in making wearing a veil a woman's choice, not a
requirement.
Valentina Tereshkova
In 1963, Tereshkova became the
first woman to travel into space. Having spent a total of 71
hours out there, orbiting the Earth 48 times, she returned to
solid ground having been in space longer than any other astronaut
at the time.
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Nellie Bly
Nellie Bly was a famous journalist known for her
investigative and undercover reporting. Her 1887 expose on the
conditions of asylum patients at Blackwell's Island in New York
City, in which she feigned insanity to study the hospital from
within, is one of her most famous pieces, and marked a new era of
investigative reporting. She's also known for her trip around the
world in 1889, which she completed in 72 days, 6
hours, 11 minutes and 14 seconds - setting a world record at the
time.
Marie Curie
Marie Curie was
the first woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize, the first person
and only woman to win two, and the only person to win a Nobel
Prize in two different fields (physics and chemistry). Her
research into radioactive compounds was groundbreaking for the
time, leading to the discovery of polonium and radium, and thus
the development of X-rays. She also developed of the theory of
radioactivity and coined the term.
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Colette - known solely by her last name - was a French novelist
at the turn of the century, and was
nominated for a Nobel Prize in Literature in 1948.
Her most widely recognized work is "Gigi," a novella that became
the basis for a popular musical in the 1940s. Previously under
the radar, her life is now chronicled in a 2018 film starring Keira
Knightley, which details her
boundary-breaking lifestyle.
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Lee Krasner
Lee Krasner was an American abstract expressionist painter,
active in the second half of the 20th century.
A 20s fashion model turned photographer, Lee Miller is known for
the stunning photos she took of women serving in World War II.
One of her most iconic images is
a photo of herself in Adolf Hitler's bathtub, which she took
after having accompanied American forces who raided his Munich
apartment in 1945.
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