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Page 5

Adam, D; et al.: "Fast Photoconduction in the Highly Ordered Columnar Phase of a Discotic Liquid Crystal," Nature 371:141-143, 1994.

Wilson, E. K.: "DNA: Insulator or Wire?: Flurry of new research, heated debate focuses on biomolecule," C&EN Feb. 24, 1997. 33-39.

Keesey, J. editor and compiler: "Biochemical Information-
lst Ed. Ch. 1: Enzymes for Routine Quantitative Analysis,"
Boehriner Mannheim, 1997, pp. i—85.
Pritchard, D., et al. "Micron-Scale Patterning of Biological
Molecules," Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, No. 1.
Yoo, M.J. et al; "Scanning Single-Electron Transistor
Microscopy: Imaging Individual Charges," Science, vol.
276, Apr. 25, 1997.

Service, R.; Meeting Briefs; "Atomic Landscapes Beckon Chip Makers and Chemists," Science, vol. 274, Nov. 1, 1996.

"Science/Technology Concentrates," Sep. 12, 1994 C&EN, p. 19.

Caras, et al., "Field Effect Transistor Sensitive to Penicillin," 1980, American Chemical Society, pp. 1935-1937. Arthur J. Frank et al., Reversible Associative and Dissociative Interactions of Glucose Oxidase with Nitrospiropyran Monolayers Assembled onto Gold Electrodes: Amperometric Transduction of Recorded Optical Signals, Langmuir; 1996; 12(4); 946-954.

Ravi Rajagopalan et al., Effect of Quaterniation of the Glucose Oxidase "Wiring " Redox Polymer on the Maximum Current Densities of Glucose Electrodes, The Journal of Physical Chemistry; 100(9); 3719-3727. Ron Blonder et al., Application of a Nitrospiropyran—FA D—Reconstituted Glucose Oxidase and Charged Electron Mediators as Optobiolectronic Assemblies for the Amperometric Transduction of Recorded Optical Signals: Control of the "On "— "Off" Direction of the Photoswitch, Journal of the American Chemical Society; 1997; 119(49): 11747-11757. Pedro Alzari et al., Molecular Recognition of Artificial Single-Electron Acceptor Cosubstrates by Glucose Oxidase!, Journal of the American Chemical Society; 1996; 118(28); 6788-6789.

Zhanen Zhang et al., A Glucose Biosensor Based on Immobilization of Glucose Oxidase in Electropolymerized o-Aminophenol Film on Platinized Glassy Carbon Electrode, Analytical Chemistry; 1996; 68(9); 1632-1638. Guogiong Du et al., Electroanalytical Detection of Glucose Using a Cyanometalate—Modified Electrode: Requirements for the Oxidation of Buried Redox Sites in Glucose Oxidase, Analytical Chemistry; 1996; 68(5); 796-806.

Amos Bardea, et al., NAD+-Dependent Enzyme Electrodes: Electrical Contact of Cofactor—Dependent Enzymes and Electrodes, Journal of the American Chemical Society; 1997; 119(39); 9114-9119.

Wolfgang Wernet, Design of Enzyme Electrodes for Extended Use and Storage Fife, Analytical Chemistry; 1997; 69(14); 2682-2687.

C. Danilowicz and L. Diaz, Electrical Communication between Electrodes and Enzymes Mediated by Redox Hydrogels, Analytical Chemistry; 1996; 68(23); 4186-4193.

Yoshio Okahata, et al., Orientation of DNA Double Strands in a Fangmuir—Blodgett Film, Langmuir; 1996; 12(5); 1326-1330.

Alaa-Eldin F. Nassar et al., Electron Transfer between Electrodes and Heme Proteins in Protein—DNA Films, Journal of the American Chemical Society; 1996; 118(12); 3043-3044.

Joseph Wang et al., Peptide Nucleic Acid Probes for
Sequence—Specific DNA Biosensors, Journal of the Ameri-
can Chemical Society; 1996; 118(33); 7667-7670.
P. N. Bartlett et al., Modification of Glucose Oxidase by the
Covalent Attachment of a Tetrathiafulvalene Derivative,
Analytical Chemistry; 1997; 69(4); 734-742.
Sayed A. M. Marzouk et al., A Conducting Salt—Based
Amperometric Biosensor for Measurement of Extracellular
Factate Accumulation in Ischemic Myocardium, Analytical
Chemistry; 1997; 69(14); 2646-2652.
Serge Cosnier, et al., An Electrochemical Method for Mak-
ing Enzyme Microsensors. Application to the Detection of
Dopamine and Glutamate, Analytical Chemistry; 1997;
69(5); 968-971.

Won Jun Sung and You Hon Bae, A Glucose Oxidase
Electrode Based on Electropolymerized Conducting Poly-
mer with Polyanion—Enzyme Conjugated Dopant, Analyti-
cal Chemistry; 2000; 72(9); 2177-2181.
T. de Lumley-Woodyear, C. N. Campbell, and A. Heller,
Direct Enzyme—Amplified Electrical Recognition of a
30-Base Model Oligonucleotide, Journal of the American
Chemical Society; 1996; 118(23); 5504-5505.
Itamar Willner et al., Electrical Wiring of Glucose Oxidase
by Reconstitution of FAD—Modified Monolayers Assembled
onto Au—Electrodes, Journal of the American Chemical
Society; 1996; 118(42); 10321-10322.
Gregg Kenausis et al., Electrochemical Glucose and Factate
Sensors Based on "Wired" Thermostable Soybean Peroxi-
dase Operating Continuously and Stably at 37° C, Analyti-
cal Chemistry; 1997; 69(6); 1054-1060.
Yuri M. Lvov, et al., Direct Electrochemistry of Myoglobin
and Cytochrome P450cam in alternate Fayer—by—Fayer
Films with DNA and Other Polyions, Journal of the Ameri-
can Chemical Society; 1998; 120(17); 4073-4080.
James F. Rusling, Enzyme Bioelectrochemistry in Cast
Biomembrane—Fike Films, Accounts of Chemical Research;
1998; 31(6); 363-369.

Achim Stocker and Andreas F. Biickmann, Reconstitution of Apo-Glucose Oxidase with a Nitrospiropyran—Modified FAD Cofactor Yields a Photoswitchable Biocatalysts for Amperometric Tansduction of Recorded Optical Signals, Journal of the American Chemical Society; 1996; 118(22); 5310-5311.

Itamar Willner, Photoswitchable Biomaterials: En Route to Optobioelectronic Systems, Accounts of Chemical Research; 1997; 30(9); 347-356.

Golam Faruque Khan et al., Design of a Stable Charge Transfer Complex Electrode for a Third—Generation Amperometric Glucose Sensor, Analytical Chemistry; 1996; 68(17); 2939-2945.

Philip N. Bartlett, Fayer—by—Fayer Self—Assembly of Glucose Oxidase with a Poly(allylamine)ferrocene Redox Mediator, Langmuir; 1997; 13(10); 2708-2716. Joseph Wang and Prasad V. A. Pamidi, Sol—Gel—Derived Gold Composite Electrodes, Analytical Chemistry; 1997; 69(21); 4490-4494.

Y. Okahata, et al., DNA—Aligned Cast Film and its Anisotropic Electron Conductivity, Supramolecular Science; 1998; 5(3^1); 317-320.

Page 6

Yoshio Okahata et al., Oriented Thin Films of a DNA—Lipid Complex, Thin Solid Films; 1996; 284-285; 6-8. Masatsugu Shimomura et al., Construction of Oriented p—Electron Arrays Based on Two-Dimensional Supramolecular Organizates, Supramolecular Science; 1996; 3(1-3); 61-65.

T. Livache, et al., Biosensing Effects in Functionalized
Electroconducting Conjugated Polymer Layers: Address-
able DNA Matrix for the Detection of Gene Mutations,
Synthetic Metals; 1995; 71(1-3); 2143-2146.
A. Guerrieri et al., Electrosynthesized Non—Conducting
Polymers as Permselective Membranes in Amperometric
Enzyme Electrodes: A Glucose Biosensor Based On a
Co-Crosslinked Glucose Oxidase/Overoxidized Polypyrrole
Bilayer, Biosensors & Bioelectronics; 1998; 13(1);
103-112.

M. Trojanowicz, et al., Biosensors Based on Oxidases
Immobilized in Various Conducting Polymers, Sensors and
Actuators B: Chemical; 1995; 28(3); 191-199.
Tetsuya Haruyama et al., Electron Transfer Between an
Electrochemically Deposited Glucose Oxidase/Cu[II] Com-
plex and an Electrode, Biosensors & Bioelectronics; 1998;
13(9); 1015-1022.

Itamar Willner et al., Photoswitchable Biomaterials as Grounds for Optobioelectronic Devices, Biochemistry and Bioenergetics; 1997; 42(1); 43-57.

P. J. H. J. van Os et al., Glucose Detection at Bare and Sputtered Platinum Electrodes Coated With Polypyrrole and Glucose Oxidase, Analytica Chimica Acta; 1996; 335(3); 209-216.

Shaik M. Zakeeruddin et al., Glucose Oxidase Mediation by Soluble and Immobilized Electroactive Detergents, Biosensors & Biolectronics; 1996; 11(3); 305-315. Sergey D. Varfolomeev et al., DirectElectron Transfer Effect Biosensors, Biosensors & Bioelectronics; 1996; 11(9); 863-871.

M. Alvarez-Icaza et al., The Design of Enzyme Sensors Based on the Enzyme Structure, Biosensors & Bioelectronics; 1995; 10(8); 735-742.

C. Danilowicz et al, An Os(byp)2ClPyCH2NH Poly(ally-
lamine) Hydrogel Mediator for Enzyme Wiring at Elec-
trodes, Electrochimica Acta; 1998; 43(23);3525-3531.
Willem M. Albers et al., Design of Novel Molecular Wires
for Realizing Long—Distance Electron Transfer, Bioelectro-
chemistry and Bioenergetics; 1997; 42(1); 25-33.
Eugenii Katz, et al., Electrical Contact of Redox Enzymes
with Electrodes: Novel Approaches for Amperometric Bio-
sensors, Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics; 1997;
42(1); 95-104.

Wolfgang Schuhmann, Electron—Transfer Pathways in
Amperometric Biosensors. Ferrocene—Modified Enzymes
Entrapped in Conducting—Polymer Layers, Biosensors &
Bioelectronics; 1995; 10(1-2); 181-193.
K. Warriner et al., Stability of Dodecyl Sulphate—Doped
Poly(pyrrole)i'Glucose Oxidase Modified Electrodes
Exposed in Human Blood Serum, Materials Science and
Engineering: C; 1997; 5(2); 81-90.

J. Li et al., Mediated Amperometric Glucose Sensor Modified by the Sol-Gel Method, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical; 1997; 40(2-3); 135-141.

Golam Faruque Khan, Construction of SECICTC Electrodes
for Direct Electron Transferring Biosensors, Sensors and
Actuators B: Chemical; 1996; 36(1-3); 484-490.
Shaolin Mu et al., Bioelectrochemical Characteristics of
Glucose Oxidase Immobilized in a Polyaniline Film, Sen-
sors and Actuators B: Chemical; 1996; 31(3); 155-160.
Joong-Hoon Cho et al., Electrochemical Adsorption of
Glucose Oxidase Onto Polypyrrole Film for the Construc-
tion of a Glucose Biosensor, Sensors and Actuators B:
Chemical; 1996; 30(2); 137-141.

Min-Choi Shin et al., Electrochemical Characterization of
Polypyrrole/Glucose Oxidase Biosensor: Part I. Influence of
Enzyme Concentration on the Growth and Properties of the
Film, Biosensors & Bioelectronics; 1996; 11(1-2); 161-169.
Min-Choi Shi, et al., Electrochemical Characterization of
Polypyrrole/Glucose Oxidase Biosensor; Part II. Optimal
Preparation Conditions for the Biosensor, Biosensors &
Bioelectronics; 1996; 11(1-2); 171-178.
K. Warriner et al., Electrochemical Characteristics of Two
Model Electropolymerised Films for Enzyme Electrodes,
Biosensors & Bioelectronics; 1996; 11(6-7); 615-623.
G.E. De Benedetto et al., One—Step Fabrication of a Bien-
zyme Glucose Sensor Based on Glucose Oxidase and Per-
oxidase Immobilized Onto a Poly(pyrrole) Modified Glassy
Carbon Electrode, Biosensors & Bioelectronics; 1996;
11(10); 1001-1008.

Kumaran Ramanathan et al., Application of Polyaniline—
Langmuir—Blodgett Films as a Glucose Biosensor, Materials
Science and Engineering: C; 1995; 3(3-4); 159-163.
L. Coche-Gurente, et al., Development of Amperometric
Biosensors Based on the Immobilization of Enzymes in
Polymer Films Electrogenerated From a Series of
Amphiphilic Pyrrole Derivatives, Analytica Chimica Acta;
1995; 311(1); 23-30.

Qijin Chi, et al., Amperometric Biosensors Based on the
Immobilization of Oxidases in a Prussian Blue Film by
Electrochemical Codepositon, Analytica Chimica Acta;
1995; 310(3); 429-436.

Jingdong Zhang et al., A Comparative Study on STMImaging and Electrocatalytic Activity of Different Sufraces Modified with Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide, Electrochimica Acta; 1995; 49(6); 733-744.

Miloslav Pravda et al., Evaluation of Amperometric Glucose Biosensors Based on Co-Immobilisation of Glucose Oxidase with an Osmium Redox Polymer in Electrochemically Generated Polyphenol Films, Analytica Chimica Acta; 1995; 304(2); 127-138.

Carl A. Koval et al., Electron Transfer at Semiconductor Electrode—Liquid Electrolyte Interfaces, Chemical Reviews; 1992; 92(3); 411-433. (Review).

* cited by examiner

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