WO2016160067A1 - Proppant storage and transfer system and method - Google Patents
Proppant storage and transfer system and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016160067A1 WO2016160067A1 PCT/US2015/057601 US2015057601W WO2016160067A1 WO 2016160067 A1 WO2016160067 A1 WO 2016160067A1 US 2015057601 W US2015057601 W US 2015057601W WO 2016160067 A1 WO2016160067 A1 WO 2016160067A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- containers
- proppant
- rail car
- container
- bolsters
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D3/00—Wagons or vans
- B61D3/08—Flat wagons including posts or standards
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D17/00—Construction details of vehicle bodies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D45/00—Means or devices for securing or supporting the cargo, including protection against shocks
- B61D45/007—Fixing containers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D7/00—Hopper cars
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
- B61F1/00—Underframes
- B61F1/08—Details
- B61F1/12—Cross bearers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
- B61F1/00—Underframes
- B61F1/08—Details
- B61F1/14—Attaching or supporting vehicle body-structure
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the oil and gas industry and. more particularly, to the transport and storage of proppani.
- Hydraulic fracturing is the propagation of fractions in a rock layer caused by the presence of pressurized fluid. Hydraulic fractures may form naturally, in the case of veins or dikes, or may be man-made in order to release petroleum, natural gas, coal seam gas, or other substances for extraction. Fracturing is done from a wellbore drilled into reservoir rock formations. The energy front the injection of a highly-pressurized tracking fluid creates new channels in the rock which can increase the extraction rates and ultimate recovery of fossil fuels. The fracture width is typically maintained after the injection b introducing a proppani into the injected fluid.
- Proppant is a material, such as grains of sand, ceramic, or other particulates, that, prevents the fractures from closing when the injection is stopped.
- a dominant proppant is silica sand, made up of ancient weathered quartz, the most common mineral in tlie Earth's continental crust. Unlike common sand, which often feels gritty when rubbed between the fingers, sand used as a proppant tends to roll to the touch as a result of its round, spherical shape and tightly-graded particle distribution. Sand quality is a function of both deposit and processing.
- Grain size can be a key factor, as any .given proppant must reliably fall within certain mesh ranges, subject to dow.nhoie conditions and completion design.
- coarser proppant allows for higher flow capacity due to the larger pore spaces between grains, it may break down, however, or crush more readily under stress due to the relatively fewer grain-to-grain contact points to bear the stress often incurred in deep oil- and gas-bearing for iations,
- the proppant e.g., the silica sand
- containers e.g., sand hoppers
- the proppant may be loaded into a sand hopper connected to a locomotive to transport the sand hopper to a different location for subsequent preparation and loading of the proppant.
- the sand hopper may be unloaded at a staging area and then loaded onto pneumatic trucks for delivery to well sites. This process involves several loading and unloading steps for the proppant, thereby increasing cost, shrinkage, and potentially hazardous working environments. Accordingly, it is now recognized that improved logistics for the storage and delivery of proppant. is desirable.
- a rail car for supporting and transporting one or more containers storing proppant therein includes a spine member extendin from a first end to a second end of the rail car, the spine member having a variable height, that is greater at a midpoint of the spine member than at the first end and at the second end.
- the rail car also includes a bolster arranged on a top surface of the spine member and extending laterally off of the spine member in two directions, the bolster having a greater width proximate the spine member than at a distal end of the holster.
- the rail car includes a mounting platform positioned on the distal end of the bolster and having a container surface that receives the one or more containers when arranged thereon, the mounting platform extending vertically from the bolster to position the one or more containers above a top surface of the bolster when positioned thereon.
- the rail car includes a locking assembly positioned on the mounting platform to engage the one or more containers when positioned thereon, the locking assembly securing the one or more containers to the rail car when moved from an unlocked position to a locked position.
- a proppant storage and transportation system includes a plurality of containers arranged in a side-by-side configuration.
- Each container of the plurality of containers includes a pair of side walls, a pair of end walls, a top, a bottom, and inclined surfaces extending in a downward direction from the side walls and the end walls toward a discharge opening i the bottom to direct proppant stored therein out of the container via the discharge opening.
- the system also includes a rail car.
- the rail car includes a spine member extending from a first end to a second end, the spine member having a variable height that is greater at a midpoint than at the first and second ends.
- the rail car also includes a plurality of bolsters arranged along a length of the spine member , the plurality of bolsters extending la terally outward from the spine member. Also, each bolster of the plurality of bolsters has a distal end thai is narrower than a proximal end. Furthermore, each bolster is arranged, such that at least one container of the plurality of containers is in contact with at least one bolster of the plurality of bolsters when the at least one container is positioned on the rail car.
- the rail car also Includes one or more mounting platforms arranged on the distal end of each bolster of the piiirality of bolsters, the one or more mounting platforms extending vertically above a top surface of each bolster of the plurality of bolsters such that the at least one coiitamer arranged thereon is not in contact with the top surface of each bolster of the plurality of bolsters.
- a method for filling and transporting proppant containers includes filling the proppant container through an opening in a top wall, the proppant container having inclined surfaces that direct the proppant therein toward a discharge opening.
- the method also includes positioning the proppant container onto a rail car, the rail car having one or more bolsters arranged transverse to a spine member.
- the one or more bolsters include mounting platforms t receive the container and to elevate the container above a top surface of the one or more bolsters.
- the method further includes transporting the proppant container, via the rail car, to a staging area.
- the method includes unloading the proppant container from the rail car and arranging the proppant container in a stacked configuration with one or more other proppant containers.
- Figure 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a container for the transport and storage of proppant, according to aspects of the present disclosure
- Figure 2 is a cross-sectional elevation view of the containe of FIG, 1 , according to aspects of the present, disclosure
- FIG. 3 is a side elevation view of the container of FIG. 1 , according to aspects of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 4 is an end elevation view of the container of FIG. 1, according to aspects of the prese t disc i.osure ;
- Figure 5 is a bottom view of the container of FIG J , according to aspects of the present disclosure;
- Figure 6 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a rail car for receiving and supporting the container of FIG. 1, according to aspects of the present disclosure
- Figure 7 is a side elevation view of the rail car of FIG. 6 having four containers positioned thereon, according to aspects of the present disclosure:
- FIG. 8 is a top plan view of the rail car of FIG. 6, according to aspects of the present disclosure.
- Figure 9 is a further top plan view of the rail ear of FIG. 6, according to aspects of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 10-10 of FIG. 8, according to aspects of the present disclosure
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the container of FIG. 1 positioned relative to a locking mechanism of the rail car, according to aspects of the present disclosure
- Figure 12 is a schematic view of the rail car of FIG. 6 coupled to an engine and positioned on a rail section, according to aspects of the present disclosure
- FIG. 13 is perspective view of an embodiment of a system for the delivery of proppant, according to aspects of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 14 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for loading and transporting proppant in a container.
- trans-loading facilities have severely limited many of the current facilities' ability to operate efficiently.
- Most trans-load facilities are forced to off-load rail hopper cars by bringing in trucks (i.e. pneumatics) along the rail siding, and conveying sand directly from rail to truck. This requires an intense coordination effort on the part of the trans-loader as well as the trucking community. Long truck lines are commonplace, and demurrage fees (i.e. waiting time charged by trucking companies) amount to hundreds of millions of dollars nationwide. As such, throughput of these trans-loading terminals is reduced greatly, which costs the terminal meaningful revenue.
- trans-load terminal locations are not able to move from one area of the shale pay to another, and a potential loss of the investment in such immobile silos can often scare investment capital away from these ' types of future projects so as to further exacerbate the logistics chain problem.
- a need has developed for a portable, inexpensive storage and delivery solution for proppant.
- modular storage containers may be utilized to store and transport proppant from a sand quarry, a loading terminal, or the like.
- These modular containers may include ramped sections to facilitate the unloading of proppant from a controllable opening (e.g., a discharge opening) at a bottom of die container.
- a controllable opening e.g., a discharge opening
- an improper arrangement of plates e.g., the ramped sections, funnel section
- the funnel extending to the discharge opening of a container creates conflicting problems in the deli very of proppant. For example, if the funnel is at an angle that is too great, then it will occupy too much space within the interior of the container. As such, the desired ability to transport between 45,000 pounds and 48,000 pounds of proppant is compromised.
- the containers are found to be unable to contain the desired amount of proppant.
- the angle of the funnel is too shallow, then the proppant cannot be discharged properly from the bottom discharge opening. It is found that a certain amount of proppant will be retained within the interior volume of the container after discharge. As such, the full, amount of the proppant cannot be delivered, by a conveyor, to the wellsite.. Additionally, if the angle of the funnel Is too shallow, certain bridging effects will occur with the proppant within the container. As such, this could block the flow of proppant properly moving outwardly of the discbarge opening.
- a shallow angled funnel allows the container to receive the desired amount of proppant.
- the shallowness of the angle of the funnel works against the ability of the container to properly discharge the desired amount of proppant.
- a properly configured funnel so as to maximize the amount of proppant contained within the container while, at the same time, assuring that all of the proppant within the container will be properly discharged by gravity discharge onto a conveyor is desirable to facilitate a modular proppant storage and transportation system.
- Embodiments of the present disclosure include a rail car for receiving, supporting, and transporting one or more containers having proppant stored therein.
- the rail car includes a spine member extending from a first end to a second end and having a variable height.
- the variable height of the spine member is greater toward the center of the rail ear, thereby providing additional strength and stability to the rail car when supporting a load (e.g., the containers).
- the rail car includes one or more bolsters positioned along the length of the rail car.
- the bolsters extend from the spine member radially outward toward support rails perpendicularly positioned about the rail car.
- the bolsters include one or more mounting platforms at an end distal from the spine member to receive and support the containers.
- the mounting platforms include a container surface to receive a bottom of the container and to elevate the container above a top surface of the bolster.
- the one or more mounting platforms each include a locking assembly to secure the containers to the bolsiers.
- the locking mechanisms may align with an opening or recess in the container when the container is positioned thereon. As a result, the one or more containers may be secured to the rail car for subsequent transportation.
- die method includes loading the proppant into the containers at the mine and then positioning the containers onto a rail cat configured to support one or more containers.
- the rati cars ma be specially configured to support approximately 260,000 pounds while still maintaining the structural integrity and mobility necessary to travel along traditional railways, rail yards, and bridges.
- the container may be transported to a staging area and then positioned onto a truck for transportation to the well site. At the well site, the container may be removed from the truck, stacked, and then emptied for utilization in a wellbore. Accordingly, the method disclosed herein may be utilized to reduce the number of handling steps proppant undertakes while being transported from a mine to a well site,
- FIG. 1 a perspective view of a proppant container 10 is shown.
- the container 10 includes a storage body 12 formed at least partially by a top wall 1.4, a pair of side walls 1.6, 18, and a pair of end walls 20. 22.
- the container 10 includes a bottom discharge opening (not shown) located below the pair of side walls 6, 38 and the pair of end walls 20, 22.
- a hatch 24 is hingedly mounted to the top wall 14 so as to cover one or more openings in the top wall 14.
- the hatch 24 moves between an open position and a closed position to enable access to an interior volume of the storage body 12,
- the hatch 24 may be moved to the open position while the container 10 is loaded with proppaot and moved to the closed position during transportation and discharge.
- the top wall 14 is a generally planar surface. In other embodiments, however, the top wal 14 may include one or more surtaces positioned as various angles. For example, the top wall 14 may include a generally planar surface connected to surfaces having a generally downward slope on each side.
- the hatch 24 is connected by one or more hinges 26 to the top wall 14. The hinges 26 facilitate die transition of the hatch 24 from the open position to the closed position.
- Latches 28, 30 are utilized to secure the hatch 24 to the top wall 1 while the hatch 24 is in the closed position. That is, the latches 28, 30 are utilized to secure the hatch 24 over the one or more openings.
- the hatch 24 includes a liner or gasket to form a liquid-tight seal over the one or more openings formed in the top wall 14.
- the liner or gasket may interface with a Hp (not pictured) positioned proximate the top wall 14.
- the container 10 may sobstantialiy isolate the proppant within the interior volume from the outside environment, thereby maintaining the integrity of the proppant by blocking and/or preventing moisture, dust, and other contaminants from entering the container 10.
- the liquid-tight seal blocks silica dost from exiting the container 10 when the hatch 24 is in the closed position.
- the side walls 16, I S and the end walls 20, 22 form a substantially rectangular configuration at least partially finding the interior volume of the storage body 12.
- a frame 32 is positioned about exterio surfaces of the side walls 16, 18 and the end wails 20, 22. While the illustrated embodiment, is a perspective view and illustrates the frame 32 on the side wall .16 and the end wall 20, it is appreciated that the frame 32 extends about each side of the container 10 in a substantiall similar configurati n.
- the frame 32 includes horizontal members 34 and vertical members 36 arranged in a substantially cage-like, cross-hatched, checkered pattern.
- horizontal members 34 and the vertical members 36 form substantially rectanaular sections on the exterior surfaces of the walls 16, 18, 20, 22,
- the frame 32 may include only horizontal members 34, only vertical members 36, or different arrangements of horizontal members 34 and vertical members 36 on the walls .16, 18, 20, 22.
- the horizontal members 34 and the vertical members 36 are formed from square tubing bears against the outer surfaces of the respective walls 16. 18, 20, 22, As such, the frame 32 contributes to the structural integrity of the container 10. As that, the frame 32 prevents the proppant stored within the container 10 from driving the walls 16, 18, 20, 22 outward, thereby causing bulging of the walls 16, 18, 20, 22.
- the frame 32 includes comer posts 38 to further enhance the structural integrity of the container 1 .
- the horizontal members 34 abut the corner posts 38.
- the corner posts 38 are positioned at the intersection between the sidewalls 1 , 18 and the end walls 20, 22 to provide structural integrity to the substantially 90 degree intersection between the sidewalls 16, 18 and the end walls 20, 22.
- the corner posts 38 extend to a. bottom 40. As will be described below, the discharge opening is positioned in the bottom 40.
- FIG. 2 is a cross- sectional elevation view of the container 10.
- frame 32 is positioned on the exterior surface of the side walls 16, 18 and the corner posts 38 extend toward the bottom 40.
- the hatch 24 is in the closed position on the top wail 14 and an ' interior volume 50 of the storage body 12 is at least partially defined by the side walls 6, 1 S and the end wall 22.
- the container 10 includes gussets 52 coupled to and supporting respective inclined surfaces 54, 56 (e.g., ramps).
- the gussets 52 have a top surface 58 coupled to a bottom surface 60 of the respective inclined surfaces 54, 56 such that the downward incline of the gussets 52 is substantially equal to the downward incline of the inclined surfaces 54, 56.
- the gussets 52 extend laterally inward from the frame 32 toward a discharge opening 62,
- the gussets 52 include holes 64 particularly selected to reduce the weight of the gussets 52 (and thereby reduce the weight of the container .10) while providing sufficient structural strength to support the inclined surfaces 54, 56,
- multiple gussets 52 may be utilized to support the inclined surfaces 54, 56.
- a gusset (not shown) may support an inclined surface 66 extending from the end wall 22.
- the inclined surfaces 54, 56, 66 (e.g., side plates, end plates) form a discharge area 68 having a funnel shape to direct proppant from the interior volume 50 toward the discharge opening 62.
- the angle of the side plates and end plates helps to facilitate substantially complete discharge of the material (e.g.. proppant) within the container through the discharge opening 62.
- the angle of the inclined surfaces is particularly selected such that a maximum amount of proppant can be contained within the interior volume of the container 10, In certain embodiments, this volume will be between 45,000 pounds and 48,000 pounds of proppant, in particular, the angle defined by the inclined surfaces 55, 56 and the gussets 52, can be at an angle of greater than 25° with, respect to the horizontal.
- the pair of end plates can extend in an angle of less than 37° with respect to the horizontal.
- the end plates extend at an angle of approximately 31* with respect to horizontal.
- the inclined surface 66 also can extend at an angle of greater than 25° with respect to horizontal.
- the pair of side plates can extend at an angle of greater than 30° with respect to horizontal In an embodiment the present invention, each of the pair of side plates extends at an angle of 38* with respect to the horizontal .
- the inc lined surfaces may be arranged at an angle particularly selected to ' facilitate drainage while maximizing the interior volume 50.
- the angle may be between 20 and 50 degrees, 30 and 6 degrees, or the like.
- sleeves 70 are arranged at the bottom 16.
- the sleeve 70 may be sized to receive the forks of a forklift. track, for example.
- the fork! if t truck may be utilized to lift and move the container .10 along the supply change as proppant to stored and transported from a mine to a well site,
- FIG. 3 is a side elevation view of the container 10 illustrating an embodiment of the sidewall 18,
- the frame 32 includes the horizontal members 34 and the vertical members 36 extending in a cross-hatch manner to provide structural support to the storage body 12.
- the discharge area 68 is positioned proximate die gussets 52 to facilitate drainage of the proppant from the interior volume 50.
- FIG. 4 is a side elevation view of the container 10 illustrating an embodiment of the end wall 22.
- the frame 32 forms the cross-hatch pattern to provide structural support to the storage body 12.
- the frame 32 may include other configurations such as only having the horizontal members 34 or only having the vertical members 36.
- the gussets 52 extend inwardly from the exterior of the container 10 toward the discharge opening 62 such that the gussets 52 support the inclined surfaces of the discharge area 68. Accordingly, the container 10 is configured to support; transport, and discharge proppani
- FIG. 5 is a bottom view of an embodiment of the container 1 (3.
- a reinforcing plate SO surrounds a perimeter of the discharge opening 62.
- the discharge opening 62 is substantially rectangular in the illustrated embodiment, the other embodiments the discharge opening 62 may be circular or any polygonal shape to facilitate draining the proppani from the interior volume of the container i 0.
- the reinforcing plate 80 enhances the structural integrity of the discharge opening 62 by coupling the inclined surfaces (e.g., inclined surface 54, 56, 66) together.
- the discharge opening 62 includes a gate 82.
- the gate 82 may be selectively opened and closed to enable the discharge of proppani from the container 10.
- the gate 82 may he hydraultcaily actuated, mechanically actuated, electronically actuated, or the like.
- the frame 32 is shown substantially surrounding the perimeter of the storage body 12.
- the corner posts 38 include openings 84 configured to receive one or more fasteners to mechanical ly secure the container to a stand, structure, cradle, truck, or railroad car.
- the illustrated openings 84 are substantially rectangular and include one or more receptacles to couple the container 10 to the stand, structure, cradle, truck, railroad car, or the like.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a rail car 90 configured to support and/or transport at least one container 10.
- the rail car 90 includes support rails 92 extending about a periphery of the rail car 90, The support rails 92 are positioned to add structural integrity to the rail car 90 to facilitate handling of the one or more containers 10.
- the rail ear 90 has four containers 10 positioned in a side-by-side configuration along a. length 94 of a load section 96 of the rail car 90,
- the containers 1.0 can hold approximately 48,000 pounds of ptoppant, ' thereby having a weight of approximately 54,000 to 58,000 pounds.
- the rail car 90 is designed to support the weight of up to four containers 10, or approximately 216,000 pounds to 232,000 pounds by disturbing the weight substantially equally across the trucks 98.
- the rail, car 90 includes the trucks 98 which interact with rails (not pictured) to facilitate movement of the rail car 90.
- the trucks 98 engage a weight management system 100 which includes one or more springs 102 to extend and/or compress to accommodate loads placed on the rail car 90,
- the springs 102 are positioned proximate to strut members 104 coupled to the trucks 98. As a load is placed on the rail car 90, the springs 102 compress, thereby absorbing at least a portion of the load placed on the rail car 90. As a result, a greater quantity of weight may be placed on the rail car 90.
- the illustrated rail car 90 is a "spine car" having an elongated spine member 106 oriented along a rail car length 108.
- the spine member 106 has a variable height (e.g. elevation relative to the ground) at a center portion of the spine member 106.
- the height of the spine member 106 may be substantially uniform and. then change near the mid portion of the spine member 106 and then return to being substantially uniform.
- the spine member 106 includes reinforcement at the sections having a changing height, thereby further increasing the structural integrity and support capabilities of the rail car 90.
- the rail car 90 ncludes bolsters 1 1 0 traiisversely mounted to the spine member 106 and radially outward from the spine member 106 toward the support rails 92.
- the bolsters 1 10 are coupled to the spine member 106 at a proximal end 1 12 and to the support members 104 at a distal end 1 1 .
- the bolsters 1 10 have a variable width along a length 1 1 6 of the bolsters 1 10. In other words, the width of the bolsters 1 10 is narrower at the distal end 1 14 than at the proximal end 1 12.
- Varying the width of the bolsters 1 10 improves the structural support and integrity of the bolsters 1 10, and thereby the rai l car 90. For example, increasing the width of the bolsters 1 10 at the proximal end 1 12 increases the surface area of the bolsters 1 10 that contacts the spine member 106, which reduces the pressure at the connections (e.g., the welded connections) between the bolsters 1 10 and the spine member 106.
- the bolsters 1 10 also include mounting platforms 1 18 at respective distal ends 1 .14.
- the mounting platforms 1 1 8 include locking assemblies 120 which couple to and secure the containers 10 to the rail car 90.
- the bolsters 1 10 include two mounting platforms i 18, each having a respective locking assembly 120.
- certain bolsters 1 10 of the rail car 90 may support two containers 10 during transportation.
- the rail car 90 also includes platforms 122 at first and second ends of the rail car 90.
- the platforms 122 are arranged such than an operator may stand on the platforms 122 to secure the rail car 90 to adjacent cars via couplers 124 positioned at the first and second ends of the rail car 90.
- FIG. 7 is a side elev ation view of the rail car 90 having four containers 10 positioned in a side-by-side configuration along the length 108 of the rail car 90.
- the containers 10 are substantiall symmetrica! about a midpoint 1 30 of the rail, car 90, thereby distributing the weight across the tracks 98. Centering the weight substantially above the midpoint of the rail car 90 also improves the handling and transportation properties of the rail car 90, For example, the center of gravity of the rail ear 90 is positioned in a location having substantially equal support, on each side of the midpoint 130.
- the height (e.g., elevation) of the spine member 106 increases at approximately the midpoint 130.
- a first spine member height 132 at a first end 134 is less than a second spine member height 13 at the midpoint 130.
- a third spine member height 1.38 at a second end 140 is less than the second spine member height 136 and substantially equal to the first spine member height 132.
- a transition 142 between the first and second spine member heights 132, 136 includes an inclined section 144 and a transition 146 between the second and third spine member heights 136, 138 also includes an inclined section 148.
- the inclined sections 144, 1.48 redistribute the forces acting on the spine member 106 along their lengths, thereby enablin the spine member 106 to transition between the heights.
- the spine member 106 can handle a larger force from the weight on the rail car 90 because the larger cross-sectional area is less prone to bending and/or deformation than a smaller cross- sectional area.
- the substantially smooth transitions 142, 148 along the inclined sections 144, 148 facilitates improved force transfer than a sharp transition and maintains the structural integrity of the spine member 106 al ong the length 108.
- the spine member 106 further includes reinforcing structures 150 located at various locations along the length 108.
- the reinforcing structures 150 are strategically located at areas along the length 108 where force transfer is likely to occur.
- the reinforcing structure 150a is positioned at the transition 142
- the reinforcing structure 150b is positioned at the midpoint 130
- the einforcing structure 150c is positioned at the transition 146
- the bolsters 1 10 and the mounting platforms 1 18 of the bolsters 1 10 are also positioned proximate the reinforcing Structures .150.
- the reinforcing structures 150 may include cross-bracing, gussets, or the like to improve the structural integrity of the spine member 106 while also facilitating the height change of the spine member 106,
- the reinforcing structures 150 may include cross-bracing positioned at approximately the center of the transitions 142., 146.
- the cross-bracing may absorb at least a portion of the force exerted on the transitions 142, 146 by the containers 10.
- the reinforcing structures 150 may extend radially outward toward the support rails 92, thereby further improving the structural integrit of the spine member 106.
- the reinforcing structures .150 may be gussets that couple the spine member 1 6 to the support rails 92, Accordingly, the reinforcing structures 150 can enable the overall weight of the rail ear 90 to be reduced because the spine member 106 has the variable height; thereby decreasing the total amount of material utilized by the spine member 106.
- FIG. 8 is a top plan view of an embodiment of the rail car 90 having the bolsters 1 10 coupled to the spine member 106 and extending radially outward toward the support rails 92.
- the bolsters 1 10 include cross members 160 transversely mounted to the spine member 106, As shown, the cross members 160 extend laterally off of the spine member and -extend radially outward toward the support rails 92, Further, in the illustrated embodiment top plates 162 mount to the spine member 106 on opposite sides of the cross members 1 0, in certain embodiments, the top plates 62 cover the cross members 1 0. That is, the top plates 162 may include slots or recesses to receive the cross members 1 0 and to mount to opposite sides of the cross members 160.
- a width 164 of the bolsters 1 10 is greater at the proximal end 1 12 than at the distal end 1 14.
- a first bolster width 166 is greater than a second bolsier width 168.
- the bolsters 1 10 include a bolster transition 170 between the first bolsier width 166 and the second bolster width 168, As described below with respect to the transitions 142, 146, the bolster transition 170 facilitates distribution of the forces acting on the bolsters 110 over a larger surface area at the spine .member 106. Accordingly., the pressure distributed over the spine member 106 is decreased.
- the first and second bolster widths 166, 168 are greater than a cross meraber width 172. That is, the cross member 160 is substantially contained, within the bolster 1 1.0 by the top plate 1 2.
- the bolsters 1.10 are arranged in a spaced relationship along the length 1 8 of the spine member 106.
- the bolsters 110 are substantially aligned with the reinforcement structures 150.
- the bolsters 1 10 may be positioned away from the reinforcement structures 150.
- the bolsters 3 10 are spaced apart such that the mounting platforms 1 18 are positioned at intervals that enable containers 10 to couple to the rail car 90.
- the mountin platforms 1 18 and the locking assemblies 120 may interact with the openings 84 in the corner posts 38 of the container 10.
- the holsters 1. 1.0 are arranged such that th locking assemblies 120 align with the containers 10 when the containers are arranged in a side- by-side configuration on the rail car 90,
- FIG. is a top plan view of an embodiment of the tail car 90. It is noted that several features have been removed for clarity. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the trucks 98 have been removed. As described above, the bolsters 110 are arranged in a spaced apart relationship along the length 108 of the spine member 106. in the illustrated embodiment, there are three bolsters 1 10, however, in other embodiments, there may be more or fewer bolsters 110.
- the rail car 90 may include two bolsters 1 10 and be configured to carry three rail cars. Moreover, in other embodiments, the rail car 90 may include 1 , 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or any other suitable number of bolsters 1 10 to facilitate transportation of the containers 10.
- locking support members 180 are arranged on the first and second ends 134, 140 of the rail car 90.
- the locking support members 380 are coupled to the spine member 106 and extend radially outward toward the support rails 92 in the same manner as the bolsters 110.
- the locking support members 180 include the mounting platform 1 18 and the locking assembly 120.
- the locking support members 1.80 are positioned proximate the platforms 122 and correspond to the bolsters 1 10 to enable the containers 10 to be positioned on rail car 90.
- the mounting platforms 1 18 are arranged on the distal end 1.14 of the bolsters 1 10 and the locking support members 180 approximately 8 to 9 feet from the corresponding locking support members 180 on the opposite end of the bolsters ⁇ 30.
- the rail cars 90 maintain a standardized width and can be transported on commercial railroads across the United States and i other countries. For example, limiting the width of the rail car 90 to approximately the width of the containers 10 enables the rail car 90 to pass through tunnels and conventional rail yards without modifications to existing infrastructure.
- the width of the rail cars 90 is approximately as wide as the containers 10, the amount of material utilized to form the rail cars 90 may he reduced, thereby further reducing the overall weight of the rail cars 90, which as will be described ' below, enables the rail cars 90 to carry- several containers 10 (e.g., four containers) over existing infrastructure, such, as bridges, economically and quickly without utilizing multiple deliveries due to train length and weight concerns.
- containers 10 e.g., four containers
- the illustrated rail ear 90 includes a first section 182, a second section 184, a third section 186, and a fourth section 188.
- Each section 182, 184, 186, 188 corresponds to and receives a container 10.
- a first container 10a engages the locking assemblies 1 0 arranged on the locking support member 180 at the first end 134 and the locking asserabhes 120 on the first bolster 1 10a arranged on the spine member 106.
- a second container 10b engages the Socking assemblies 120 arranged on the first bolster 1 10 and the locking assemblies 120 on a second bolster I I 0b.
- four containers 10a, 1.0b, 10c, lOd may be positioned along the rail car 90 because adjacent mounting platforms 1 18 and locking mechanism 120 are arranged to accommodate up to two containers per bolster 1 10, in the illustrated, embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the bolster 110 taken along line 10- 1.0 of FIG. 8.
- the cross member 1 0 has a variable height (e.g.. elevation, thickness) from the distal end 1 34 to the proximal end 1 12.
- the thicknes of the cross member 160 increases closer to the spine member 106 (e.g., the thickness proximal to the spine member 106 is greater tha the thickness distal from the spine member 106).
- the cross member 160 includes a transition 200 thai represents the change in thickness along the length of the cross member 160. As described above, the transition facilitates the distribution of force along the length of the cross member 160 toward the spine member 106.
- the top plates 1 2 may also include a variable height and a transition.
- the top plates 162 may have a uniform thickness.
- the mounting platform 1 IS Further illustrated in FIG. JO is the mounting platform 1 IS. As shown, the mounting platform extends vertically above a top surface 202 of the cross member 160. In operation, the containers 10 are positioned on the mounting platforms 1 18 and rest on the container surface 204. The locking assembly 120 mounted on the mounting platform 1 18 extends into the opening 84 in the comer posts 38, and is activated to lock the container JO into place on the mounting platform 1 18. In this manner., the container 10 may be coupled to the rail car 90 at four contact points, thereby blocking movement in at least 6 directions (e.g., u , down, left, right, front, back). Moreover, the four contact point Socks also block twisting or turning of the containers 10.
- the four contact point Socks also block twisting or turning of the containers 10.
- the securemeni of the containers 10 to the rail car 90 coupled with the designed low center of gravity to facilitate coming and movement, enables the rail car 90 to transport multiple containers If) (e.g., four containers) while distributing the weight evenly across the rail car 90.
- the arrangement of the containers 10 on the rail car 90 enables the rail cars 90 to stay within regulatory restrictions for weight, height, and length for travel over bridges and through rail yards. As a result, more containers 10 may be shipped with a smaller trail of ra l cars 90 and without special permitting or routing to comply with regulations.
- FIG . 1 1 is a perspective view of the container 10 being aligned with the locking assembly 120. It is appreciated thai features have been removed from FIG. 1.1 for clarity. As shown, the comer post 38 of the container 10 is substantially aligned with the mounting platform 1 18 such that the locking assembly 120 will engage the opening 84 of the corner post 38 when the bottom of the container 10 moves into contact with the container surface 204, As shown, the arrangement ' of the mounting platform 1 18 and the locking assembly 1.20 is particularly selected to engage the containers 10 in one position (e.g., a position that enables the locking assembly 120 to engage the corner posts 38).
- the locking assemblies 120 may be arranged such that the forks of a forkJtft can engage the container 10 and position the container 10 onto the rail car 90. As such, improper loading is blocked because if the container 10 were loaded i such a manner that the container 10 could not contact the container surface 204, the container 10 would not be locked to the rail car 90.
- the locking assembly 120 is engaged and moved from an unlocked position to a locked position. The locked position secures the container 10 to the rail car 90, thereby preparing the container 10 for transport.
- the locking assembly 120 may include twist locks, cable tie downs, tongue and groove fasteners, or the like.
- FIG. 12 is a top view of rail cars 90 transporting the containers 10 along a sectio of rail 210.
- the rail cars 90 are configured to enable an arrangement of the containers 10 along a length 108 to substantially center the weight over the midpoint 130.
- the center of gravity of the rail cars 90 is balanced, thereby enabling the rati car 90 to handle a large load (e.g., between approximately 216,000 pounds to 232,000 pounds) while maintaining speed on curves, hills, and the like
- three rail cars 90 are coupled to an engine 212, however, in other embodiments, more or few rails cars 90 may be coupled to the engine 212.
- Each rail car 90 is carrying four containers 1 along a curved, portion 214 o.f the fall section 210.
- a force is acting on the rail cars 90 along the curve, thereby driving the rail cars 90 radially outward, away from a center 218,
- the effect of the force 216 may be reduced, thereby enabling the engine 212 to travel along the curved portion 214 without significant adjustments to speed.
- the engine 212 can keep traveling in a direction of travel 220, represented by the arrow without adjusting for speed while still maintaining the large load supported by the rail cars 90.
- the overall length of the system may be reduced.
- the rail car 90 were only capable of supporting two containers 10, the length of the system would effectively double. Accordingly, different considerations (e.g., bridge length, weight limits, rail yard space, etc.) would come under scrutiny to determine whether the containers 10 could be shipped economically via rail.
- different considerations e.g., bridge length, weight limits, rail yard space, etc.
- transportation of the containers 10 may be accomplished without special considerations for weight, height, length, or other factors.
- the rail cars 90 ca be utilized to support and transport the containers
- FIG. 13 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a proppant delivery system 230.
- the system 230 includes a track 232 formed, in the nature of a circuit.
- a container-hauling trolley 234 is movably positioned on the track 232 and configured to travel along the circuit to position the containers 10 to receive proppant.
- a proppant supply station 236 is positioned on the track 232, As shown, the circuit continues below the proppant supply station 236, positioned adjacent the track 232, to enable the trolley 234 to move one or more containers into positio to receive proppant from one or more silos 238, For example, the trolley 234 may transition the containers 10 into a loading bay 240 to receive the proppant (e.g., from an opening in the bottom of the silos 238).
- one or more cranes 242 may be utilized to remove the filled containers 10 from the trolley 234 and to stage the containers 10 adjacent to the rati section 210 having the rail cars 90 or a roadway having trucks 244 tor transporting the proppant.
- the crane 242 may load the containers 10 directly onto the rail car 90 or the truck 244.
- the crane 242 may stage (e.g., stack) the containers 10 proximate the rail section 210 or the roadway for later loading (e.g., via a fbrklifi).
- the silo 238, rail section 210, and/or the roadway are positioned at the mine where the proppant is gathered.
- the container 10 and the rail cars 90 ma be utilized to transport the proppant directly from the mine, thereby improving efficiencies and reducing costs by reducing the number of handling steps the proppant goes through before reaching the well site,
- the rail cars 90 or trucks 244 are positioned cm the track or road that runs underneath the cranes 242.
- the cranes 242 remove the empty containers 30 from the trucks 244 or rail cars 90 to the empty inventory stack. Once the empty containers 10 are removed from the rail cars 90 or trucks 244, the cranes 242 will begin to reload the rail cars 90 or tracks 242 from the inventory stack of full containers. The train or trucks will depart from the proppant mine once they are completely reloaded.
- the filling of the proppant containers .10 by the use of the trolleys 234 can occur simultaneous to the above-described process.
- a constant flow of empty proppant containers 10 are guided into the loadin bay that are filled with proppant from the silos 238. Once filled, the proppant containers 10 exit the loading bay, and then travel around the trolley track 232 until they are positioned underneath the cranes 242. These filled proppant containers 10 are then removed from the trolley cars, placed onto the inventory stack of filled containers 10, and then replaced by empty proppant containers 10 from the inventory stack of empty containers 10. The replacement empty containers 10 are sent to the loading bay along the track and the trolleys so as to repeat the process.
- FIG. 14 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method 250 for loading and transporting material (e.g., proppant) from a mine to a well site.
- the container 10 is loaded with material at the mine (block 252).
- the proppant may be dried and conveyed into silos 238 which are utilized for long term storage.
- the containers 10 may be positioned beneath the silos 238 to load the containers 10,
- the containers 10 are then positioned on the rail cars 90 (block 254),
- the rail cars 90 may be specially designed to accommodate the weight of the containers 10.
- the rail, cars 90 include a reinforced spine member 106 and bolsters 1 10 designed- to recei ve and support the containers 10.
- the rail cars 90 include the Socking assemblies 120 to secure the containers 10 to the rail, car 90.
- the containers 10 are transported, to a staging area (block 256).
- the staging area may be located near the well site (e.g., within driving distance).
- the containers 10 are then unloaded at the staging area (block 258).
- the containers 10 may be arranged in a stacked orientation to reduce the foot print of the containers 10 at the stagi ng area.
- the containers 10 may be loaded onto the trucks 244 (block 260).
- the trucks 244 transport the containers 10 to the well site (block 262) for subsequent unloading (block 264),
- the containers 10 may be arranged in a stacked orientaiion to reduce the foot print of the containers 10 at the well site.
- the containers 10 may be discharged such, that the proppant can be mixed and injected into a well (block 266).
- the method 250 illustrates how the proppant can be loaded a single time, at the mine, and then the storage container 1.0 is moved from the rail car 90, to the staging area, to the truck 244, and then directly to the well site with minimal handling steps.
- the cost of transporting the proppant from, the mine to the well site is reduced.
- the likelihood of contamination of the proppant is also reduced because the proppant remains within the sealed container 10 for the duration of the trip, until the proppant is discharged from the container 10.
- the spine member 106 includes a variable height (e.g., elevation) along the length .108 such that the first spine member height 132 at the first end 134 of the rail car 90 is less tha the second spine member height 136 at the midpoint 130. Moreover, the third spine member height 138 at the second end 140 is less than the second spine member height 136. As a result, the spine member 106 has a greater cross-sectional area at the midpoint 130, which is subject to a greater force due to the load placed o the rail car 90.
- the weigh t of the rail car 90 is reduced by utilizing less material at the first and second ends 134, 140.
- the holsters 1 10 include the mounting platform 1 18 to receive and support the containers 10.
- the mounting platforms 1 18 extend verticall above the top surface of the 202 of the bolster 1 1 and elevate the containers 10 above the spine member 106.
- the mounting platforms 1 18 include the locking assemblies 120 to secure the containers 10 to the rail cars 90.
- the rail car 90 may receive several containers 10 in a side-by-side arrangement to enable economical transportation of containers 10 filled with proppant material from a mine to a well
- the presetu application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Loading Or Unloading Of Vehicles (AREA)
- Warehouses Or Storage Devices (AREA)
- Pallets (AREA)
- Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
- Intermediate Stations On Conveyors (AREA)
- Automatic Assembly (AREA)
- Automobile Manufacture Line, Endless Track Vehicle, Trailer (AREA)
- Handcart (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CA2979663A CA2979663C (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2015-10-27 | Proppant storage and transfer system and method |
AU2015390112A AU2015390112B2 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2015-10-27 | Proppant storage and transfer system and method |
CN201580078336.2A CN107428345B (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2015-10-27 | Proppant storage and transportation system and method |
BR112017020671-4A BR112017020671B1 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2015-10-27 | RAILWAY CAR FOR SUPPORTING AND TRANSPORTING ONE OR MORE CONTAINERS STORING A PROPPANT, PROPPANT STORAGE AND TRANSPORT SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR FILLING AND TRANSPORTING PROPPANT CONTAINERS |
MX2017012375A MX2017012375A (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2015-10-27 | Proppant storage and transfer system and method. |
EP15888060.9A EP3274239A4 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2015-10-27 | Proppant storage and transfer system and method |
CONC2017/0009573A CO2017009573A2 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2017-09-21 | Proppant Materials Storage and Transfer System and Method |
AU2019200979A AU2019200979B2 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2019-02-12 | Proppant storage and transfer system and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US201562139323P | 2015-03-27 | 2015-03-27 | |
US62/139,323 | 2015-03-27 | ||
US14/738,485 US9809381B2 (en) | 2012-07-23 | 2015-06-12 | Apparatus for the transport and storage of proppant |
US14/738,485 | 2015-06-12 | ||
US14/922,836 US20160039433A1 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2015-10-26 | Proppant storage and transfer system and method |
US14/922,836 | 2015-10-26 |
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WO2016160067A1 true WO2016160067A1 (en) | 2016-10-06 |
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PCT/US2015/057601 WO2016160067A1 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2015-10-27 | Proppant storage and transfer system and method |
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EP (1) | EP3274239A4 (en) |
CN (1) | CN107428345B (en) |
AU (2) | AU2015390112B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112017020671B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2979663C (en) |
CO (1) | CO2017009573A2 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2017012375A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2016160067A1 (en) |
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EP3620341A1 (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2020-03-11 | Forstlogistik CH AG | Device for transport of timber on rails |
US10676239B2 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2020-06-09 | Sandbox Logistics, Llc | Bulk material shipping container |
US10759610B1 (en) | 2019-05-03 | 2020-09-01 | Sandbox Logistics, Llc | Bulk material conveyor |
US10919693B2 (en) | 2016-07-21 | 2021-02-16 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Bulk material handling system for reduced dust, noise, and emissions |
US10926940B2 (en) | 2018-11-20 | 2021-02-23 | Sandbox Enterprises, Llc | Bulk material shipping container |
US10994954B2 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2021-05-04 | Sandbox Enterprises, Llc | Bulk material shipping container unloader |
US11047717B2 (en) | 2015-12-22 | 2021-06-29 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | System and method for determining slurry sand concentration and continuous calibration of metering mechanisms for transferring same |
US11066259B2 (en) | 2016-08-24 | 2021-07-20 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Dust control systems for bulk material containers |
US11173826B2 (en) | 2019-06-12 | 2021-11-16 | Sandbox Enterprises, Llc | Bulk material shipping container trailer |
CN113665615A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-11-19 | 中车齐齐哈尔车辆有限公司 | Automatic direction container tapered end and vehicle |
US11186454B2 (en) | 2016-08-24 | 2021-11-30 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Dust control systems for discharge of bulk material |
US11186431B2 (en) | 2016-07-28 | 2021-11-30 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Modular bulk material container |
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US11192074B2 (en) | 2016-03-15 | 2021-12-07 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Mulling device and method for treating bulk material released from portable containers |
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US11273421B2 (en) | 2016-03-24 | 2022-03-15 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Fluid management system for producing treatment fluid using containerized fluid additives |
US11311849B2 (en) | 2016-03-31 | 2022-04-26 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Loading and unloading of bulk material containers for on site blending |
US11338260B2 (en) | 2016-08-15 | 2022-05-24 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Vacuum particulate recovery systems for bulk material containers |
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CN116691749A (en) * | 2023-07-17 | 2023-09-05 | 北京城建设计发展集团股份有限公司 | Special carriage for luggage transportation for rail transit |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN107428345A (en) | 2017-12-01 |
CO2017009573A2 (en) | 2017-11-30 |
AU2019200979A1 (en) | 2019-02-28 |
AU2015390112B2 (en) | 2019-01-17 |
CA2979663A1 (en) | 2016-10-06 |
BR112017020671A2 (en) | 2018-06-26 |
CA2979663C (en) | 2020-01-14 |
CN107428345B (en) | 2019-09-17 |
AU2015390112A1 (en) | 2017-10-12 |
EP3274239A1 (en) | 2018-01-31 |
BR112017020671B1 (en) | 2022-12-06 |
EP3274239A4 (en) | 2018-12-05 |
MX2017012375A (en) | 2018-07-06 |
AU2019200979B2 (en) | 2020-10-01 |
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