WO2016075625A1 - Alternating pressure device with temperature and humidity regulation - Google Patents

Alternating pressure device with temperature and humidity regulation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016075625A1
WO2016075625A1 PCT/IB2015/058686 IB2015058686W WO2016075625A1 WO 2016075625 A1 WO2016075625 A1 WO 2016075625A1 IB 2015058686 W IB2015058686 W IB 2015058686W WO 2016075625 A1 WO2016075625 A1 WO 2016075625A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
control volume
fluid
release mechanism
control
flow
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PCT/IB2015/058686
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Alejandro Velasquez Lopez
Camilo IZA VELEZ
Mauricio ARAMBURO LONDOÑO
Lina María JARAMILLO ESTRADA
David VELASQUEZ RENDON
Luis Miguel ZAPATA HENAO
Ana María ALMONACID SUÁREZ
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Universidad Eafit
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Publication of WO2016075625A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016075625A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G7/00—Beds specially adapted for nursing; Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons
    • A61G7/05—Parts, details or accessories of beds
    • A61G7/057—Arrangements for preventing bed-sores or for supporting patients with burns, e.g. mattresses specially adapted therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to alternating pressure devices and devices with temperature and humidity regulation for the prevention of pressure ulcers.
  • Ulcers and bedsores are injuries caused by pressure, friction or shear, or by a combination of these three types of forces, which affect the underlying skin and tissues.
  • skin, fat and muscle tissue can withstand significant pressures for brief periods of time, prolonged exposure to a certain amount of pressure slightly higher than capillary filling pressure (32 mm Hg) can cause skin necrosis and ulceration. . Only two hours of uninterrupted pressure can cause the mentioned changes; Its classification ranges from reddening of the skin to the presence of lesions with caverns and lesions in the muscle or bone.
  • Pressure ulcers are a serious problem in health institutions, due to the high morbidity and mortality they represent for patients. patients, deterioration in health status and quality of life, and alteration of family dynamics; In addition, they generate high costs in care, favor the appearance of other adverse events such as infection associated with health care, prolong the days of stay and increase readmissions.
  • pressure ulcers are associated with three types of forces: pressure, friction and shear.
  • Pressure is a force that acts perpendicular to the skin as a result of gravity, causing a tissue crush between two planes, one belonging to the patient and another external to it (armchair, bed, probes, etc.).
  • the capillary pressure ranges from 6-32 mm Hg, a pressure greater than 17 mm Hg, will occlude the capillary blood flow in the soft tissues causing hypoxia, and if it is not relieved, their necrosis.
  • the formation of a pressure ulcer depends on both the pressure exerted on an area of the skin and the time that pressure is maintained. It has been shown that a pressure of 70 mm.Hg, for two hours can cause ischemic lesions.
  • the treatment of pressure ulcers in some cases includes special surfaces such as alternating pressure devices for pressure management, such as that disclosed in US20040031 103 A1 which discloses a mattress that has a substrate set that includes a plurality of cylinders placed side by side over the length of the mattress. Each cylinder is configured as a low loss system.
  • alternating pressure devices with a plurality of pores are disclosed by means of an array of holes.
  • An example of this is US5685036, which discloses a mattress that is a dynamic surface and comprises a first and a second group of air bags, control means for inflating and deflating these groups alternately. These airbags are distributed so that their main axes are arranged laterally below the patient's body, so that it fails to avoid the tensile and shear stresses on the patient's skin.
  • This mattress and the hole matrix are like those reported in the state of the art, aligned where the vector that guides the pores is normal to the surface of contact with the human body, which fails to guarantee the continuous air flow to through the pores, presenting flow obstructions due to direct contact of the body with the pore. These flow obstructions make the control of the temperature and humidity of the skin discontinuous, and cause pressure drops in the device.
  • alternating pressure devices of the prior art do not prevent tensile, shear stresses. , friction and shear between the surface of the alternating pressure device in contact with the user's skin, while reducing the pressure of soft tissues below the capillary occlusion pressure.
  • the figure. 1 corresponds to a top view and block diagram of the alternating pressure device with temperature and humidity regulation.
  • the figure. 2 corresponds to an isometric view presenting a Cartesian system, with an "x" axis, an "y” axis and a “z” axis for purposes of orientation and understanding of the invention, but not limited to said Cartesian system.
  • the figure. 3 corresponds to a scheme of the frontal view of the device divided into zones forming a tessellation also called tiling.
  • the figure. 4 corresponds to an isometric view in section where the first control volume and the second control volume are appreciated, and the shape adopted by the joining of the two sets of tiles to form said control volumes.
  • the figure. 5 corresponds to a front view showing the first control volume and the second control volume, where the first flow input is connected to the first control volume and the second flow input is connected to the second control volume.
  • the figure. 6 corresponds to a cross-section of the device presenting the fluid release mechanism, control volume, the second control volume, the alternating pressure surface, and a fluid chamber.
  • the figure. 7 corresponds to a cross-section of the device where the angle ⁇ of the vectors that orients the pores of the fluid exit pore matrix is presented.
  • the figure. 8 corresponds to an isometric view in section of the device with a Cartesian system, with an "x" axis, an "y” axis and a “z” axis where it presents the first control volume and the second control volume, the pores of the fluid exit pore matrix.
  • the figure. 9 corresponds to a cross-section of the device where the fluid release mechanism that joins the alternating pressure surface through sailboat is presented.
  • the figure. 10 corresponds to an isometric view in section of the device where an intermediate part is presented between the altering pressure surface and the fluid release mechanism.
  • the figure. 1 1 corresponds to a sectional view of the device where an intermediate part is presented between the altering pressure surface and the fluid release mechanism and the hoses that cross the intermediate part and is connected to the flow source and the pores.
  • the figure. 12 corresponds to the control state diagram of the control unit in one embodiment of the invention.
  • the present invention relates to alternating pressure devices with temperature and humidity regulation, specifically the device of the present invention comprises a first control volume, a second control volume adjacent to the first control volume and independently of the first control volume , a pressure flow source, a first flow input connected to the first control volume and the pressure flow source, a second flow input connected to the second control volume and connected to the pressure flow source, a mechanism of fluid release with a fluid exit pore matrix, a third flow inlet connected to the fluid release mechanism and the source of pressurized fluid; and, a control unit where the control unit controls the fluid release mechanism, inflation and deflation of the control volumes by alternating the first control volume and the second control volume.
  • the present invention corresponds to an alternating pressure device, which in its preferred use is applied to the prevention of pressure ulcers.
  • the device consists of:
  • the first control volume (1) and the second control volume (2) form an alternating pressure surface (1 1).
  • the alternating pressure surface (1 1) is oriented by a Cartesian system, with an "x" axis, an "y” axis and an "z” axis.
  • the "z” axis is oriented by the normal vector to the alternating pressure surface (1 1) and the "x" and “y” axes are orthogonal to the "z” axis and perpendicular to each other.
  • this is divided into zones forming a tiling also called tiling with a total number of "n" tiles covering the entire alternating pressure surface.
  • Said tiles can be parallelograms, pentagons or any other geometric shape that can cover the surface of alternating pressure.
  • the first tile is located in a coordinate (-x ', and') corresponding to the upper left end of the alternating pressure surface (1 1) in top view and referring to FIG. 3.
  • Said tiling is grouped into two sets: a first set which will be called a set of even tiles formed by all the corresponding tiles described by equation 2 ⁇ and a second set which will be called an odd tile set formed by all the tiles corresponding described by equation 2 - i + l.
  • the first control volume (1) and the second control volume (2) are formed by a sheet material.
  • the sheet material is selected from the group of materials comprising paper, fabrics, metal sheets, nonwoven fibers and polyester textile, among other sheet-shaped materials, in an embodiment of the invention said sheet material must have characteristics such as resistance to tension, antibacterial properties, and also properties that allow adequate immersion of the body in the pressure flow.
  • the union of the two sets of tiles form at least a first control volume (1) and a second control volume (2).
  • the set of even tiles joins in the sheet material following a spiine shape, which are understood as a segment of curve that joins the sheet material, likewise joins the odd tile set independently of the set of even tiles.
  • the union of the even and odd tiling is done on the perimeter of the alternating pressure surface (1 1) and they are connected following the spiine shape in the set of odd and even tiles without connecting the first control volume (1) and the second control volume (2).
  • the end of each spiine is joined to the adjacent spiine by a curved spiine segment until the alternating pressure surface is completed in its entire perimeter.
  • the end of each spiine corresponds to the termination of the sheet material in the 'xy' plane.
  • Said connection forms a zigzag-shaped joint, which is defined as a pattern of parallel lines that describe corners with varying angles, where each corner belongs to one tile of the even tile set (2 ⁇ 0 or the odd tile set (2 - i + l).
  • the corners of the zigzag have a rounded termination, which are repeated along the y axis and are described in the plane ' xy '.
  • the alternating pressure surface (1 1) has a parallelogram shape with a distance on the axis "x" symmetric with respect to the axis "and” from 250 mm to 2000 mm and a distance on the axis " and “symmetrical about the" x "axis from 250 mm to 2000 mm.
  • the total measurement with respect to the "z" axis, between the two sheet materials is between 50 mm and 200 mm with respect to the "z" axis, when the alternating pressure surface (1 1) meets its maximum fluid volume, it is that is, when the pressure is maximum within the control volume.
  • the distance between the two sheet materials when the alternating pressure surface (1 1) meets its minimum fluid volume is between 5 mm to 20 mm.
  • the pressurized fluid enters the first control volume (1) and the second control volume (2) through a first flow inlet (4) connected to the first control volume and the source of pressurized fluid and a second flow inlet (5) connected to the second control volume and connected to the source of pressurized flow (3).
  • the fluid inlet to the first control volume (1) and the second control volume (2) is carried out through a 2/2 direct acting solenoid valve normally closed for the first control volume (1) and at the second control volume (2), the pressure flow source is a compressor and the connection between the flow inlet and the pressure flow source is given through a hose and two connectors in the first flow inlet and the second flow inlet and the fluid is air.
  • the fluid inlet to the first control volume (1) and the second control volume (2) is alternating in time, which produces the alternation of the alternating pressure surface (1 1) allowing to limit the duration of the mechanical efforts that are exerted on the user's critical points, meaning critical points, the bony prominences where there is a greater risk of acquiring pressure ulcers.
  • Bone prominences are the parts of bone that protrude from their surface, such as the apophysis, tubers, trochanters, spines and ridges, where there are more tangential forces, such as tension and shear.
  • the alternation of the alternating pressure surface (1 1) is carried out in such a way that the user's body has no rotations and realizes a redistribution of the support points of the body, without causing, rotations or translations of the user's body.
  • the alternating time of the first control volume (1) and the second control volume (2) are 8 minutes each.
  • the maximum pressure of the first control volume (1) and the second control volume (2) is 42000 Pa. This implies that the device does not require exhaust pipes also called exhosts or muffles to protect the first control volume (1) and the second control volume (2) against ruptures.
  • the fluid release mechanism (6) is located on the first control volume (1) and the second control volume (2), said fluid release mechanism is formed by a sheet material covering the alternating pressure surface (1 1), forming a fluid chamber (12) independent of the alternating pressure surface (1 1), said fluid chamber (12) is formed by the space generated by the joining of the material laminate with the alternating pressure surface (1 1).
  • the fluid chamber (12) is parallel to the "xy" plane of the alternating pressure surface, where the fluid chamber (12) has a third flow inlet (9) connected to the fluid release mechanism and the source of Pressurized fluid, said third flow inlet (9) is independent of the fluid inlets of the first control volume (1) and the second control volume (2).
  • the sheet material is a material that has pores (7) in a matrix of fluid exit pores (8) that pass through said material with pores (7), said pores (7) are forming a pattern of pores (7) of fluid outlet (8) and the vectors that guides said pores (7) of the pore matrix (7) of fluid outlet (8) are not normal to the contact surface of the human body thus allowing continuous air flow through the pores (7) preventing flow obstructions due to direct contact of the body with the pore matrix (7) of fluid outlet (8).
  • Said flow obstructions make temperature and humidity regulation discontinuous, which is an advantage of the present invention over what is reported in the state of the art in solving this problem.
  • the angle formed between the vectors that orients the pores (7) of the fluid exit pore matrix (7) and a line perpendicular to the "xy" plane has an angle ( ⁇ ) between 0 and 60 °.
  • the pores (7) of the pore matrix (7) of fluid outlet (8) have a nominal diameter between 0.2 mm and 0.9 mm and a distribution with a range between pores (7) of a cm 2 to two cm 2 .
  • the perimeter of the surface containing the fluid exit pore matrix (8) follows the contour of a human back because in this area there is a higher temperature concentration where it is necessary to regulate the temperature and humidity of the user's body.
  • the cross-sectional area of flow inlet to the fluid release mechanism (6) must not be less than the total cross-sectional area of the sum of all the transverse areas of the pores (7) located in the pore matrix (7) of the outlet fluid from the fluid release mechanism (6), in order to ensure a continuous flow without loss in pressure and the flow of the fluid release mechanism (6).
  • the fluid inlet to the fluid release mechanism (6) is carried out by means of a flow valve.
  • the shape of the fluid release mechanism (6) describes the same geometry of the alternating pressure surface (1 1).
  • the fluid release mechanism (6) is attached to the alternating pressure surface (1 1) an element of the group consisting of sailboat, closure, buttons and assembly elements of laminar materials and combinations of these, preferably through sailboat (13) thus facilitating the cleaning of the fluid release mechanism (6), which is recommended in users with sweating.
  • the third flow inlet (9) connected to the fluid release mechanism (6) is located on the outside of the surface of the fluid release mechanism, this outer part corresponds to the surface area that is in contact with the ambient.
  • the fluid release mechanism (6) allows the passage of fluid from the fluid chamber (12) to the outside of the device releasing fluid, this is in order to regulate the temperature and humidity of the skin that is in contact with the device for long periods of time.
  • the skin is the most important source of heat loss of the body so the variables that affect perspiration, humidity and temperature must be controlled to avoid alterations in the tone and thermoregulation of the body and avoid skin ulceration so The fluid release mechanism that is in contact with the user's body must regulate humidity and temperature. Referring to FIG. 10 and FIG.
  • the third flow inlet (9) is connected to the fluid release mechanism (6) through a connector and a hose (15) that cross the intermediate part (14) and is connected to the flow source (3) and the pores (7) of the pore matrix (7) of fluid outlet (8).
  • the fluid entering the third flow inlet (9) is given by means of a valve that is controlled by the control unit (10).
  • the hose covers in its internal path at least 25% of the surface area of the fluid release mechanism (6) and the connector does not exceed an internal nominal diameter between 6 mm and 12 mm.
  • the air outlet of each pore reaches a final outlet speed in a range from 0.1 m / s to 0.4 m / s.
  • This final air outlet velocity for each pore is necessary to maintain a skin temperature of 35 ° C to maintain its optimal performance and avoid caloric exchange with the environment, maintaining an energy balance and thus preventing sweating (Brotherhood, 2008 ), (Alkassir, and others, 2006).
  • the fluid is air and the fluid release mechanism releases sterile flavored air to give the user more comfort.
  • the fluid has antibacterial properties in order to perform cleaning and maintenance throughout the interior.
  • the control unit (10) is responsible for controlling the alternation of the alternating pressure surface (1 1) and the passage of air to the fluid release mechanism (6) and the air inlet and outlet of the fluid chamber (12). In one embodiment of the invention this control is performed through a logical sequence represented by a state diagram referring to FIG 12.
  • the variables of the state diagram are defined in the following table 1.
  • the moment in which the first control volume (1) and the second control volume (2) inside are filled with fluid is taken as the initial state because they have the flow inputs enabled.
  • the alternation of the alternating pressure surface (1 1) is started as follows: the first control volume (1) and the second control volume (2) alternate the passage of the fluid through the first inlet of flow (4) and the second flow input (5).
  • the present invention has the possibility of being in three states: state E1: initial state, the first control volume (1) and the second control volume (2) have pressure; state E2: the first control volume (1) at higher pressure with respect to the second control volume (2); state E3: the first control volume (1) at a lower pressure than the second control volume (2); E4 state: the first control volume (1) and the second control volume (2) at the same pressure.
  • the maximum pressure of the first control volume (1) and the second control volume (2) is 41638 Pa (6 PSI).
  • the E1 state is the initial state of the invention.
  • the states E1, E2, E3, E4 are controlled by the control unit (10) the logical sequence of the alternation is: state E1 to state E2 through a command C1 to the control unit.
  • State E2 for a time t1.
  • State E4 for a time t2.
  • State E3 for a time t1.
  • State E4 for a time t2.
  • the sequence is repeated until the process is intentionally stopped. When this process is stopped through the C2 command, it goes to state E1.
  • the time t1 has a duration of between 5 and 20 minutes where the 20 minutes correspond to MAXtl, the time t2 between 1 and 2 minutes where the 2 minutes correspond to MAXt2.
  • the sequence can be interrupted at any time and started from its initial state E1.
  • the device of the present invention has a pressure sensor that sends an electronic signal to the control unit (10) at the moment when the first control volume (1) and / or the second Control volume (2) a critical pressure level preselected by the user is pressurized and this signal indicates to the control unit the closure of the first and second flow inlets to prevent detachment at the junction of the two laminar surfaces.
  • thermoregulation Emergencies 192-207.
  • Spline curve segment that joins the sheet materials.
  • Zigzag Pattern of parallel lines that describe corners with varying angles.
  • Pore matrix it is an array of pores following a pattern.
  • Pore, A pore will be understood as a hole through which air flow exits and the plural of pore is pores.

Abstract

The invention relates to alternating pressure devices with temperature and humidity regulation, specifically the device of the present invention is applicable to the prevention of pressure ulcers, in the preferred use thereof. The invention comprises a first control volume, a second control volume adjacent to the first control volume and independent from the first control volume, a pressurised flow source, a first flow inlet connected to the first control volume and to the pressurised flow source, a second flow inlet connected to the second control volume and to the pressurised flow source, a fluid release mechanism with a matrix of fluid outflow pores, a third flow inlet connected to the fluid release mechanism and to the pressurised fluid source; and a control unit, where the control unit controls the fluid release mechanism, and the inflation and the deflation of the control volumes alternating the first control volume and the second control volume, and the vector that orients the pores of the pore matrix is not normal to the contact surface of the human body so that the flow is continuous through the pores and to reduce the flow obstructions caused by the direct contact of the body with the pore.

Description

DISPOSITIVO DE PRESIÓN ALTERNANTE CON REGULACIÓN DE TEMPERATURA Y HUMEDAD Campo de la invención  ALTERNATE PRESSURE DEVICE WITH TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY REGULATION Field of the Invention
El presente invento está relacionado con aparatos y dispositivos de presión alternante con regulación de temperatura y humedad para la prevención de úlceras por presión. The present invention is related to alternating pressure devices and devices with temperature and humidity regulation for the prevention of pressure ulcers.
Descripción del estado del arte Es frecuente en la instancia hospitalaria la presencia de pacientes que presenten enfermedades, transitorias o permanentes, que los obligan a permanecer en cama, motivo por el cual son propensos a desarrollar úlceras por presión. Como se indica en la guía de buenas prácticas "Prevenir las úlceras por presión" del Ministerio de la Protección Social de la República de Colombia en su versión 1 en línea: http://'www r¾insalud.gov.co/Documenios°/o20y%20PubSicaciones/Prever;ir %C 3%E¾Alceras por Dres!%03%B3n.pcí. las ulceras y escaras son lesiones causadas por presión, fricción o cizalla, o por combinación de estos tres tipos de fuerzas, que afectan a la piel y tejidos subyacentes. Aunque la piel, la grasa y el tejido muscular pueden resistir presiones importantes por breves periodos de tiempo, la exposición prolongada a una cierta cantidad de presión ligeramente superior a la presión de llenado capilar (32 mm Hg) puede originar necrosis de la piel y ulceración. Tan sólo dos horas de presión ininterrumpida pueden originar los cambios mencionados; su clasificación va desde el enrojecimiento de la piel a la presencia de lesiones con cavernas y lesiones en el músculo o hueso. Las úlceras por presión son un problema serio en las instituciones de salud, debido a la alta morbilidad y mortalidad que estas representan para los i pacientes, el deterioro en el estado de salud y la calidad de vida, y la alteración de la dinámica familiar; además, generan altos costos en la atención, favorecen la aparición de otros eventos adversos como la infección asociada al cuidado de la salud, prolonga los días de estancia y aumenta los reingresos. Description of the state of the art The presence of patients presenting with diseases, transient or permanent, that force them to stay in bed is frequent in the hospital, which is why they are prone to develop pressure ulcers. As indicated in the guide to good practices "Prevent pressure ulcers" of the Ministry of Social Protection of the Republic of Colombia in its online version 1: http: // 'www r¾insalud.gov.co / Documenios ° / o20y % 20PubSications / Anticipate ; go% C 3% E¾Alceras by Dres!% 03% B3n.pcí. Ulcers and bedsores are injuries caused by pressure, friction or shear, or by a combination of these three types of forces, which affect the underlying skin and tissues. Although skin, fat and muscle tissue can withstand significant pressures for brief periods of time, prolonged exposure to a certain amount of pressure slightly higher than capillary filling pressure (32 mm Hg) can cause skin necrosis and ulceration. . Only two hours of uninterrupted pressure can cause the mentioned changes; Its classification ranges from reddening of the skin to the presence of lesions with caverns and lesions in the muscle or bone. Pressure ulcers are a serious problem in health institutions, due to the high morbidity and mortality they represent for patients. patients, deterioration in health status and quality of life, and alteration of family dynamics; In addition, they generate high costs in care, favor the appearance of other adverse events such as infection associated with health care, prolong the days of stay and increase readmissions.
La formación de las úlceras por presión está asociada a tres tipos de fuerzas: presión, fricción y cizallamiento. La presión es una fuerza que actúa perpendicular a la piel como consecuencia de la gravedad, provocando un aplastamiento tisular entre dos planos, uno perteneciente al paciente y otro externo a él (sillón, cama, sondas, etc.). La presión capilar oscila entre 6- 32 mm de Hg, una presión superior a 17 mm de Hg, ocluirá el flujo sanguíneo capilar en los tejidos blandos provocando hipoxia, y si no se alivia, necrosis de los mismos. La formación de una ulcera por presión depende tanto de la presión que se ejerce sobre una zona de la piel como del tiempo que se mantiene esa presión. Se ha demostrado que una presión de 70 mm.Hg, durante dos horas puede originar lesiones isquémicas. Por otro lado, como se indica en la Revista Mexicana de Ortopedia y Traumatología (Nov-Dic 1998), la humedad es otro factor que contribuye al desarrollo de ulceras por presión, junto con la temperatura, haciendo que la piel y el tejido subcutáneo sea propenso a isquemia, debido a que la elevación de la temperatura incrementa la oxigenación requerida en los tejidos dañados. Lo anterior también se constata en (Brotherhood, 2008), (Alkassir, y otros, 2006). The formation of pressure ulcers is associated with three types of forces: pressure, friction and shear. Pressure is a force that acts perpendicular to the skin as a result of gravity, causing a tissue crush between two planes, one belonging to the patient and another external to it (armchair, bed, probes, etc.). The capillary pressure ranges from 6-32 mm Hg, a pressure greater than 17 mm Hg, will occlude the capillary blood flow in the soft tissues causing hypoxia, and if it is not relieved, their necrosis. The formation of a pressure ulcer depends on both the pressure exerted on an area of the skin and the time that pressure is maintained. It has been shown that a pressure of 70 mm.Hg, for two hours can cause ischemic lesions. On the other hand, as indicated in the Mexican Journal of Orthopedics and Traumatology (Nov-Dec 1998), humidity is another factor that contributes to the development of pressure ulcers, along with temperature, making the skin and subcutaneous tissue prone to ischemia, because the rise in temperature increases the oxygenation required in damaged tissues. The above is also found in (Brotherhood, 2008), (Alkassir, et al., 2006).
En la "Guía para el cuidado de las úlceras del grupo de heridas crónicas" del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete (chua), link http://www.chospab.es/publicaciones/protocolosEnfermeria/documentos/00889 e4f 14cd542d584ffc90a0caf75b.pdf se indica que la humedad continua de la piel provoca alteraciones como dermatitis e infecciones. Por lo que es importante mantener, el mayor tiempo posible, la piel hidratada pero seca. Para ello, se insiste en la higiene e hidratación diaria de la piel. In the "Guide for the care of ulcers of the group of chronic wounds" of the University Hospital Complex of Albacete (chua), link http://www.chospab.es/publicaciones/protocolosEnfermeria/documentos/00889 e4f 14cd542d584ffc90a0caf75b.pdf that the continuous moisture of the skin causes alterations such as dermatitis and infections. For what is important keep, as long as possible, hydrated but dry skin. For this, the daily hygiene and hydration of the skin is insisted.
El tratamiento de las úlceras por presión incluye en algunos casos las superficies especiales como los dispositivos de presión alternante para el manejo de la presión, como por ejemplo la divulgada en el documento US20040031 103 A1 que divulga un colchón que tiene un conjunto de sustrato que incluye una pluralidad de cilindros colocados lado a lado sobre la longitud del colchón. Cada cilindro está configurado como un sistema de baja pérdida. The treatment of pressure ulcers in some cases includes special surfaces such as alternating pressure devices for pressure management, such as that disclosed in US20040031 103 A1 which discloses a mattress that has a substrate set that includes a plurality of cylinders placed side by side over the length of the mattress. Each cylinder is configured as a low loss system.
Para el control de la temperatura y humedad en el estado del arte previo se divulgan dispositivos de presión alternante con pluralidad de poros, también llamados orificios, mediante una matriz de orificios. Un ejemplo de esto es la patente US5685036 A la cual divulga un colchón que es una superficie dinámica y comprende un primer y un segundo grupo de bolsas de aire, medios de control para inflar y desinflar alternativamente dichos grupos. Estas bolsas de aire se encuentran distribuidas de manera que sus ejes principales están dispuestos lateralmente por debajo del cuerpo del paciente, por lo que no logra evitar los esfuerzos de tracción y de corte en la piel del paciente. Este colchón y la matriz de orificios son como las reportadas en el estado de la técnica, alineados donde el vector que orienta a los poros es normal a la superficie de contacto con el cuerpo humano, lo que no logra garantizar el flujo de aire continuo a través de los poros, presentando obstrucciones de flujo debido al contacto directo del cuerpo con el poro. Estas obstrucciones de flujo hacen que sea discontinuo el control de la temperatura y la humedad de la piel, y causan caídas de presión en el dispositivo. For the control of the temperature and humidity in the prior art, alternating pressure devices with a plurality of pores, also called holes, are disclosed by means of an array of holes. An example of this is US5685036, which discloses a mattress that is a dynamic surface and comprises a first and a second group of air bags, control means for inflating and deflating these groups alternately. These airbags are distributed so that their main axes are arranged laterally below the patient's body, so that it fails to avoid the tensile and shear stresses on the patient's skin. This mattress and the hole matrix are like those reported in the state of the art, aligned where the vector that guides the pores is normal to the surface of contact with the human body, which fails to guarantee the continuous air flow to through the pores, presenting flow obstructions due to direct contact of the body with the pore. These flow obstructions make the control of the temperature and humidity of the skin discontinuous, and cause pressure drops in the device.
Es así, que el control de la temperatura y humedad son deficiencias encontradas en el estado de la técnica, así como otros problemas relacionados con el hecho de que los dispositivos de presión alternante del estado de la técnica no evitan los esfuerzos de tracción, de corte, fricción y cizallamiento entre la superficie del dispositivo de presión alternante que esté en contacto con la piel del usuario, al tiempo que logra reducir la presión de los tejidos blandos por debajo de la presión de oclusión capilar. Thus, temperature and humidity control are deficiencies found in the state of the art, as well as other problems related to the fact that alternating pressure devices of the prior art do not prevent tensile, shear stresses. , friction and shear between the surface of the alternating pressure device in contact with the user's skin, while reducing the pressure of soft tissues below the capillary occlusion pressure.
Las mencionadas deficiencias, son superadas mediante la presente invención. The aforementioned deficiencies are overcome by the present invention.
1. Breve descripción de las figuras 1. Brief description of the figures
La figura. 1 corresponde a una vista superior y diagrama de bloques del dispositivo de presión alternante con regulación de temperatura y humedad.  The figure. 1 corresponds to a top view and block diagram of the alternating pressure device with temperature and humidity regulation.
La figura. 2 corresponde a una vista isométrica que presenta un sistema cartesiano, de eje "x", un eje "y" y un eje "z" para efectos de orientación y comprensión de la invención, pero sin limitarse a dicho sistema cartesiano. The figure. 2 corresponds to an isometric view presenting a Cartesian system, with an "x" axis, an "y" axis and a "z" axis for purposes of orientation and understanding of the invention, but not limited to said Cartesian system.
La figura. 3 corresponde a un esquema de la vista frontal del dispositivo dividido en zonas formando una teselación también llamado embaldosado. The figure. 3 corresponds to a scheme of the frontal view of the device divided into zones forming a tessellation also called tiling.
La figura. 4 corresponde a una vista isométrica en corte donde se aprecian el primer volumen de control y el segundo volumen de control, y la forma que adoptan la unión de los dos conjuntos de baldosas para formar dichos volúmenes de control. The figure. 4 corresponds to an isometric view in section where the first control volume and the second control volume are appreciated, and the shape adopted by the joining of the two sets of tiles to form said control volumes.
La figura. 5 corresponde a una vista frontal que muestra el primer volumen de control y al segundo volumen de control, donde la primera entrada de flujo está conectada al primer volumen de control y la segunda entrada de flujo está conectada al segundo volumen de control. The figure. 5 corresponds to a front view showing the first control volume and the second control volume, where the first flow input is connected to the first control volume and the second flow input is connected to the second control volume.
La figura. 6 corresponde a un corte transversal del dispositivo presentando el mecanismo de liberación de fluido, volumen de control, el segundo volumen de control, la superficie de presión alternante, y una cámara de fluido. The figure. 6 corresponds to a cross-section of the device presenting the fluid release mechanism, control volume, the second control volume, the alternating pressure surface, and a fluid chamber.
La figura. 7 corresponde a un corte transversal del dispositivo donde se presenta el ángulo Θ de los vectores que orienta los poros de la matriz de poros de salida de fluido. La figura. 8 corresponde a una vista en isométrico en corte del dispositivo con un sistema cartesiano, de eje "x", un eje "y" y un eje "z" donde presenta el primer volumen de control y el segundo volumen de control, los poros de la matriz de poros de salida de fluido. The figure. 7 corresponds to a cross-section of the device where the angle Θ of the vectors that orients the pores of the fluid exit pore matrix is presented. The figure. 8 corresponds to an isometric view in section of the device with a Cartesian system, with an "x" axis, an "y" axis and a "z" axis where it presents the first control volume and the second control volume, the pores of the fluid exit pore matrix.
La figura. 9 corresponde a un corte transversal del dispositivo donde se presenta el mecanismo de liberación de fluido que se une a la superficie de presión alternante a través de velero. The figure. 9 corresponds to a cross-section of the device where the fluid release mechanism that joins the alternating pressure surface through sailboat is presented.
La figura. 10 corresponde a una vista en isométrico en corte del dispositivo donde se presenta una parte intermedia entre la superficie de presión alterante y el mecanismo de liberación de fluido. La figura. 1 1 corresponde a una vista en corte del dispositivo donde se presenta una parte intermedia entre la superficie de presión alterante y el mecanismo de liberación de fluido y las mangueras que atraviesan la parte intermedia y se conecta a la fuente de flujo y a los poros. La figura. 12 corresponde al diagrama de estados del control de la unidad de control en una modalidad de la invención. The figure. 10 corresponds to an isometric view in section of the device where an intermediate part is presented between the altering pressure surface and the fluid release mechanism. The figure. 1 1 corresponds to a sectional view of the device where an intermediate part is presented between the altering pressure surface and the fluid release mechanism and the hoses that cross the intermediate part and is connected to the flow source and the pores. The figure. 12 corresponds to the control state diagram of the control unit in one embodiment of the invention.
2. Breve descripción del invento 2. Brief description of the invention
La presente invención se relaciona con ios dispositivos de presión alternante con regulación de temperatura y humedad, específicamente el dispositivo de la presente invención comprende un primer volumen de control, un segundo volumen de control adyacente ai primer volumen de control e independientemente del primer volumen de control, una fuente de flujo a presión, una primera entrada de flujo conectada al primer volumen de control y a la fuente de flujo a presión, una segunda entrada de flujo conectada ai segundo volumen de control y conectada a la fuente de flujo a presión, un mecanismo de liberación de fluido con una matriz de poros de salida de fluido, una tercera entrada de flujo conectada al mecanismo de liberación de fluido y a la fuente de fluido a presión; y, una unidad de control donde la unidad de control controla el mecanismo de liberación de fluido, el inflado y el desinflado de los volúmenes de control alternando el primer volumen de control y el segundo volumen de control. The present invention relates to alternating pressure devices with temperature and humidity regulation, specifically the device of the present invention comprises a first control volume, a second control volume adjacent to the first control volume and independently of the first control volume , a pressure flow source, a first flow input connected to the first control volume and the pressure flow source, a second flow input connected to the second control volume and connected to the pressure flow source, a mechanism of fluid release with a fluid exit pore matrix, a third flow inlet connected to the fluid release mechanism and the source of pressurized fluid; and, a control unit where the control unit controls the fluid release mechanism, inflation and deflation of the control volumes by alternating the first control volume and the second control volume.
Descripción detallada de la invención La presente invención corresponde a un dispositivo de presión alternante, que en su uso preferido se aplica a la prevención de las ulceras por presión. Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 1 el dispositivo se conforma de: DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention corresponds to an alternating pressure device, which in its preferred use is applied to the prevention of pressure ulcers. Referring to FIG. 1 the device consists of:
-un primer volumen de control (1 ), -a first control volume (1),
- un segundo volumen de control (2),  - a second control volume (2),
- una fuente de flujo a presión (3),  - a source of pressure flow (3),
- una primera entrada de flujo (4),  - a first flow inlet (4),
- una segunda entrada de flujo (5),  - a second flow inlet (5),
- un mecanismo de liberación de fluido (6) con poros (7) en una matriz de poros de salida de fluido (8).  - a fluid release mechanism (6) with pores (7) in a fluid exit pore matrix (8).
- una tercera entrada de flujo (9), y,  - a third flow inlet (9), and,
- una unidad de control (10).  - a control unit (10).
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 2 el primer volumen de control (1 ) y el segundo volumen de control (2) forman una superficie de presión alternante (1 1 ). Referring to FIG. 2 the first control volume (1) and the second control volume (2) form an alternating pressure surface (1 1).
Para un entendimiento de la presente invención y haciendo referencia a la FIG. 2, pero sin limitarse a la descripción de orientación, la superficie de presión alternante (1 1 ) está orientada por un sistema cartesiano, de eje "x", un eje "y" y un eje "z". For an understanding of the present invention and referring to FIG. 2, but not limited to the orientation description, the alternating pressure surface (1 1) is oriented by a Cartesian system, with an "x" axis, an "y" axis and an "z" axis.
El eje "z" está orientado por el vector normal a la superficie de presión alternante (1 1 ) y los ejes "x" y "y" son ortogonales al eje "z" y perpendiculares entre sí. Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 3 y para efectos de entender el proceso de alternancia de la superficie de presión alternante (1 1 ) esta se divide en zonas formando una teselacion también llamado embaldosado con un número total de "n" baldosas que recubren toda la superficie de presión alternante. Dichas baldosas pueden ser paralelogramos, pentágonos o cualquier otra forma geométrica que pueda recubrir la superficie de presión alternante. La primera baldosa se encuentra ubicada en una coordenada (-x',y') que corresponde al extremo superior izquierdo de la superficie de presión alternante (1 1 ) en vista superior y haciendo referencia a la FIG. 3. La primera baldosa se enumera con el valor i = 0 y a partir de ahí se identifican las baldosas numerándolas con un valor "i" hasta un número de baldosas "n", empezando por la fila de '-x' a 'x' y empezando por la columna de 'y' a '-y'- La numeración continúa en la siguiente fila desde '-x' a 'x' hasta completar todo el embaldosado. The "z" axis is oriented by the normal vector to the alternating pressure surface (1 1) and the "x" and "y" axes are orthogonal to the "z" axis and perpendicular to each other. Referring to FIG. 3 and for the purpose of understanding the alternating process of the alternating pressure surface (1 1) this is divided into zones forming a tiling also called tiling with a total number of "n" tiles covering the entire alternating pressure surface. Said tiles can be parallelograms, pentagons or any other geometric shape that can cover the surface of alternating pressure. The first tile is located in a coordinate (-x ', and') corresponding to the upper left end of the alternating pressure surface (1 1) in top view and referring to FIG. 3. The first tile is listed with the value i = 0 and from there the tiles are identified by numbering them with a value "i" up to a number of tiles "n", starting with the row of '-x' to 'x' and starting with the column of 'y' to '-y'- The numbering continues in the next row from' -x 'to' x 'until all the tiling is completed.
Dicho embaldosado se agrupa en dos conjuntos: un primer conjunto al que se le llamará conjunto de baldosas par formado por todas las baldosas correspondientes descritas por la ecuación 2 ■ i y un segundo conjunto al que se le llamará conjunto de baldosas impar formado por todas las baldosas correspondientes descritas por la ecuación 2 - i + l . Said tiling is grouped into two sets: a first set which will be called a set of even tiles formed by all the corresponding tiles described by equation 2 ■ and a second set which will be called an odd tile set formed by all the tiles corresponding described by equation 2 - i + l.
El primer volumen de control (1 ) y el segundo volumen de control (2) se forman mediante un material laminar. El material laminar se selecciona del grupo de materiales que comprende papel, telas, láminas metálicas, fibras no tejidas y textil de poliéster, entre otros materiales con forma de lámina, en una modalidad de la invención dichos material laminar deben tener características como resistencia a la tensión, propiedades antibacteriales, y también propiedades que permitan una adecuada inmersión del cuerpo en el flujo a presión. Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 4 en una modalidad de la invención, la unión de los dos conjuntos de baldosas forman al menos un primer volumen de control (1 ) y un segundo volumen de control (2). El conjunto de baldosas par se une en el material laminar siguiendo una forma de spiine, los cuales se entienden como un segmento de curva que une el material laminar, así mismo se une el conjunto baldosas impar de manera independiente del conjunto de baldosas par. La unión de los embaldosados pares e impares se realiza en el perímetro de la superficie de presión alternante (1 1 ) y se conectan siguiendo la forma de spiine en el conjunto de baldosas par e impar sin conectar el primer volumen de control (1 ) y el segundo volumen de control (2). El extremo de cada spiine se une a la spiine contigua por un segmento de spiine curvo hasta completar en todo su perímetro la superficie de presión alternante. El extremo de cada spiine corresponde a la terminación del material laminar en el plano 'xy' dicha conexión conforma una unión en forma de zigzag, el cual se define como un patrón de líneas paralelas que describen esquinas con ángulos variables, en donde cada esquina pertenece a una baldosa del conjunto de baldosas par (2■ 0 o el conjuntos de baldosas impar (2 - i + l). Las esquinas del zigzag tienen una terminación redondeada, que se repiten a lo largo del eje y y son descritas en el plano 'xy'. The first control volume (1) and the second control volume (2) are formed by a sheet material. The sheet material is selected from the group of materials comprising paper, fabrics, metal sheets, nonwoven fibers and polyester textile, among other sheet-shaped materials, in an embodiment of the invention said sheet material must have characteristics such as resistance to tension, antibacterial properties, and also properties that allow adequate immersion of the body in the pressure flow. Referring to FIG. 4 in one embodiment of the invention, the union of the two sets of tiles form at least a first control volume (1) and a second control volume (2). The set of even tiles joins in the sheet material following a spiine shape, which are understood as a segment of curve that joins the sheet material, likewise joins the odd tile set independently of the set of even tiles. The union of the even and odd tiling is done on the perimeter of the alternating pressure surface (1 1) and they are connected following the spiine shape in the set of odd and even tiles without connecting the first control volume (1) and the second control volume (2). The end of each spiine is joined to the adjacent spiine by a curved spiine segment until the alternating pressure surface is completed in its entire perimeter. The end of each spiine corresponds to the termination of the sheet material in the 'xy' plane. Said connection forms a zigzag-shaped joint, which is defined as a pattern of parallel lines that describe corners with varying angles, where each corner belongs to one tile of the even tile set (2 ■ 0 or the odd tile set (2 - i + l). The corners of the zigzag have a rounded termination, which are repeated along the y axis and are described in the plane ' xy '.
La unión de los embaldosados pares e impares mantiene el primer volumen de control (1 ) y el segundo volumen de control (2) de forma independiente, es decir sin conectar interiormente los volúmenes de control. El resto de las superficies del material laminar no se unen. The union of even and odd tiling keeps the first control volume (1) and the second control volume (2) independently, that is, without connecting the control volumes internally. The rest of the surfaces of the sheet material do not bond.
Esta forma de unión de los embaldosados pares e impares hace que la superficie de presión alternante, aumente el área de contacto y disminuya los esfuerzos mecánicos que se producen cuando la piel está en contacto con cualquier superficie. En una modalidad de la invención, la superficie de presión alternante (1 1 ) posee una forma de paralelogramo con una distancia en el eje "x" simétrica respecto al eje "y" de 250 mm a 2000 mm y una distancia en el eje "y" simétrica respecto al eje "x" de 250 mm a 2000 mm. La medida total con respecto al eje "z", entre los dos materiales laminares esta entre 50 mm a 200 mm respecto al eje "z", cuando la superficie de presión alternante (1 1 ) se encuentra con su volumen de fluido máximo, es decir, cuando la presión es máxima dentro del volumen de control. La distancia entre los dos materiales laminares cuando la superficie de presión alternante (1 1 ) se encuentra con su volumen de fluido mínimo esta entre 5 mm a 20 mm. This way of joining even and odd tiling causes the alternating pressure surface to increase the contact area and decrease the mechanical stresses that occur when the skin is in contact with any surface. In one embodiment of the invention, the alternating pressure surface (1 1) has a parallelogram shape with a distance on the axis "x" symmetric with respect to the axis "and" from 250 mm to 2000 mm and a distance on the axis " and "symmetrical about the" x "axis from 250 mm to 2000 mm. The total measurement with respect to the "z" axis, between the two sheet materials is between 50 mm and 200 mm with respect to the "z" axis, when the alternating pressure surface (1 1) meets its maximum fluid volume, it is that is, when the pressure is maximum within the control volume. The distance between the two sheet materials when the alternating pressure surface (1 1) meets its minimum fluid volume is between 5 mm to 20 mm.
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 5 el fluido a presión ingresa al primer volumen de control (1 ) y al segundo volumen de control (2) a través de una primera entrada de flujo (4) conectada al primer volumen de control y a la fuente de fluido a presión y a una segunda entrada de flujo (5) conectada al segundo volumen de control y conectada a la fuente de flujo a presión (3). Referring to FIG. 5 the pressurized fluid enters the first control volume (1) and the second control volume (2) through a first flow inlet (4) connected to the first control volume and the source of pressurized fluid and a second flow inlet (5) connected to the second control volume and connected to the source of pressurized flow (3).
En una modalidad de la invención la entrada de fluido al primer volumen de control (1 ) y al segundo volumen de control (2), se realiza a través de una válvula solenoide 2/2 de acción directa normalmente cerrada para el primer volumen de control (1 ) y al segundo volumen de control (2), la fuente de flujo a presión es un compresor y la conexión entre la entrada de flujo y la fuente de flujo a presión se da a través de una manguera y dos conectores en la primera entrada de flujo y la segunda entrada de flujo y el fluido es aire. In one embodiment of the invention, the fluid inlet to the first control volume (1) and the second control volume (2) is carried out through a 2/2 direct acting solenoid valve normally closed for the first control volume (1) and at the second control volume (2), the pressure flow source is a compressor and the connection between the flow inlet and the pressure flow source is given through a hose and two connectors in the first flow inlet and the second flow inlet and the fluid is air.
La entrada de fluido al primer volumen de control (1 ) y al segundo volumen de control (2) es alternante en el tiempo, lo cual produce la alternancia de la superficie de presión alternante (1 1 ) permitiendo limitar el tiempo de duración de los esfuerzos mecánicos que se ejercen sobre los puntos críticos del usuario, entendiendo por puntos críticos, las prominencias óseas donde hay mayor riesgo de adquirir úlceras por presión. Las prominencias óseas son las partes de hueso que sobresalen de su superficie como por ejemplo lo son las apófisis, tubérculos, trocánteres, espinas y crestas, donde hay más fuerzas tangenciales, como la tensión y la cizalla. The fluid inlet to the first control volume (1) and the second control volume (2) is alternating in time, which produces the alternation of the alternating pressure surface (1 1) allowing to limit the duration of the mechanical efforts that are exerted on the user's critical points, meaning critical points, the bony prominences where there is a greater risk of acquiring pressure ulcers. Bone prominences are the parts of bone that protrude from their surface, such as the apophysis, tubers, trochanters, spines and ridges, where there are more tangential forces, such as tension and shear.
La alternancia de la superficie de presión de alternante (1 1 ) se realiza de forma que el cuerpo del usuario no tiene rotaciones y realiza una redistribución de los puntos de apoyo del cuerpo, sin causar, rotaciones o traslaciones del cuerpo del usuario. The alternation of the alternating pressure surface (1 1) is carried out in such a way that the user's body has no rotations and realizes a redistribution of the support points of the body, without causing, rotations or translations of the user's body.
En una modalidad de la invención el tiempo de alternancia del primer volumen de control (1 ) y el segundo volumen de control (2) son de 8 minutos cada uno. In one embodiment of the invention, the alternating time of the first control volume (1) and the second control volume (2) are 8 minutes each.
En una modalidad de la invención la presión máxima del primer volumen de control (1 ) y el segundo volumen de control (2) es de 42000 Pa. Esto implica que el dispositivo no requiera tubos de escape también llamados exhostos o mofles para proteger el primer volumen de control (1 ) y el segundo volumen de control (2) contra rupturas. In one embodiment of the invention, the maximum pressure of the first control volume (1) and the second control volume (2) is 42000 Pa. This implies that the device does not require exhaust pipes also called exhosts or muffles to protect the first control volume (1) and the second control volume (2) against ruptures.
Haciendo referencia a la FIG.6 el mecanismo de liberación de fluido (6) se encuentra ubicado sobre el primer volumen de control (1 ) y el segundo volumen de control (2), dicho mecanismo de liberación de fluido está formado por un material laminar que recubre la superficie de presión alternante (1 1 ), formando una cámara de fluido (12) independiente de la superficie de presión alternante (1 1 ), dicha cámara de fluido (12) está formada por el espacio generado por la unión del material laminar con la superficie de presión alternante (1 1 ). Referring to FIG. 6, the fluid release mechanism (6) is located on the first control volume (1) and the second control volume (2), said fluid release mechanism is formed by a sheet material covering the alternating pressure surface (1 1), forming a fluid chamber (12) independent of the alternating pressure surface (1 1), said fluid chamber (12) is formed by the space generated by the joining of the material laminate with the alternating pressure surface (1 1).
La cámara de fluido (12) se encuentra paralela al plano "xy" de la superficie de presión alternante, donde la cámara de fluido (12) tiene una tercera entrada de flujo (9) conectada al mecanismo de liberación de fluido y a la fuente de fluido a presión, dicha tercera entrada de flujo (9) es independiente a las entradas de fluido del primer volumen de control (1 ) y del segundo volumen de control (2). Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 7 y FIG. 8 el material laminar es un material que posee poros (7) en una matriz de poros de salida de fluido (8) que atraviesan dicho material con poros (7), dichos poros (7) se encuentran formando un patrón de poros (7) de salida de fluido (8) y los vectores que orienta dichos poros (7) de la matriz de poros (7) de salida de fluido (8) no son normales a la superficie de contacto del cuerpo humano permitiendo así el flujo de aire continuo a través de los poros (7) impidiendo obstrucciones de flujo debido al contacto directo del cuerpo con la matriz de poros (7) de salida de fluido (8). Dichas obstrucciones de flujo hacen que sea discontinua la regulación de la temperatura y la humedad lo cual es una ventaja de la presente invención sobre lo reportado en el estado de la técnica al solucionar este inconveniente. The fluid chamber (12) is parallel to the "xy" plane of the alternating pressure surface, where the fluid chamber (12) has a third flow inlet (9) connected to the fluid release mechanism and the source of Pressurized fluid, said third flow inlet (9) is independent of the fluid inlets of the first control volume (1) and the second control volume (2). Referring to FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 the sheet material is a material that has pores (7) in a matrix of fluid exit pores (8) that pass through said material with pores (7), said pores (7) are forming a pattern of pores (7) of fluid outlet (8) and the vectors that guides said pores (7) of the pore matrix (7) of fluid outlet (8) are not normal to the contact surface of the human body thus allowing continuous air flow through the pores (7) preventing flow obstructions due to direct contact of the body with the pore matrix (7) of fluid outlet (8). Said flow obstructions make temperature and humidity regulation discontinuous, which is an advantage of the present invention over what is reported in the state of the art in solving this problem.
En una modalidad de la invención, el ángulo que se forma entre los vectores que orienta los poros (7) de la matriz de poros (7) de salida de fluido (8) y una línea perpendicular al plano "xy" tiene un ángulo (Θ) entre 0o y 60°. Los poros (7) de la matriz de poros (7) de salida de fluido (8) poseen un diámetro nominal entre 0.2 mm y 0.9 mm y una distribución con un rango entre poros (7) de un cm2 a dos cm2. En una modalidad de la invención el perímetro la superficie que contiene la matriz de poros de salida de fluido (8) sigue el contorno de una espalda humana debido a que en esta zona hay una mayor concentración de temperatura donde es necesario regular la temperatura y humedad del cuerpo del usuario. In one embodiment of the invention, the angle formed between the vectors that orients the pores (7) of the fluid exit pore matrix (7) and a line perpendicular to the "xy" plane has an angle ( Θ) between 0 and 60 °. The pores (7) of the pore matrix (7) of fluid outlet (8) have a nominal diameter between 0.2 mm and 0.9 mm and a distribution with a range between pores (7) of a cm 2 to two cm 2 . In one embodiment of the invention, the perimeter of the surface containing the fluid exit pore matrix (8) follows the contour of a human back because in this area there is a higher temperature concentration where it is necessary to regulate the temperature and humidity of the user's body.
El área transversal de entrada del flujo al mecanismo de liberación de fluido (6) no debe ser menor al área transversal total de la sumatoria de todas las áreas transversales de los poros (7) ubicados en la matriz de poros (7) de salida de fluido del mecanismo de liberación de fluido (6), con el fin de garantizar un flujo continuo sin pérdidas en la presión y el flujo del mecanismo de liberación de fluido (6). En una modalidad de la invención la entrada de fluido al mecanismo de liberación de fluido (6) se realiza por medio de una válvula de paso. En una modalidad de la invención, la forma del mecanismo de liberación de fluido (6) describe la misma geometría de la superficie de presión alternante (1 1 ). The cross-sectional area of flow inlet to the fluid release mechanism (6) must not be less than the total cross-sectional area of the sum of all the transverse areas of the pores (7) located in the pore matrix (7) of the outlet fluid from the fluid release mechanism (6), in order to ensure a continuous flow without loss in pressure and the flow of the fluid release mechanism (6). In one embodiment of the invention, the fluid inlet to the fluid release mechanism (6) is carried out by means of a flow valve. In one embodiment of the invention, the shape of the fluid release mechanism (6) describes the same geometry of the alternating pressure surface (1 1).
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 9 en una modalidad de la invención, el mecanismo de liberación de fluido (6) se une a la superficie de presión alternante (1 1 ) un elemento del grupo compuesto de velero, cierre, botones y elementos de ensamble de materiales laminares y combinaciones de estos, preferiblemente a través de velero (13) facilitando de este modo la limpieza del mecanismo de liberación de fluido (6), lo que es recomendable en usuarios con sudoración. Referring to FIG. 9 in one embodiment of the invention, the fluid release mechanism (6) is attached to the alternating pressure surface (1 1) an element of the group consisting of sailboat, closure, buttons and assembly elements of laminar materials and combinations of these, preferably through sailboat (13) thus facilitating the cleaning of the fluid release mechanism (6), which is recommended in users with sweating.
La tercera entrada de flujo (9) conectada al mecanismo de liberación de fluido (6) se encuentra ubicada en la parte externa de la superficie del mecanismo de liberación de fluido, esta parte externa corresponde al área de la superficie que está en contacto con el ambiente. The third flow inlet (9) connected to the fluid release mechanism (6) is located on the outside of the surface of the fluid release mechanism, this outer part corresponds to the surface area that is in contact with the ambient.
El mecanismo de liberación de fluido (6) permite el paso de fluido desde la cámara de fluido (12) hasta la parte externa del dispositivo liberando fluido, esto es con el objetivo de regular la temperatura y humedad de la piel que se encuentra en contacto con el dispositivo por largos periodos de tiempo. La piel es la fuente más importante de pérdida de calor del cuerpo por lo que las variables que afectan la transpiración, humedad y temperatura deben controlarse para evitar alteraciones en el tono y en la termorregulación del cuerpo y evitar la ulceración de la piel por lo que el mecanismo de liberación de fluido que está en contacto con el cuerpo del usuario debe regular la humedad y la temperatura. Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 10 y la FIG. 1 1 en una modalidad de la invención, dentro de la cámara de fluido (12) se tiene una parte intermedia (14) entre la superficie de presión alterante (1 1 ) y el mecanismo de liberación de fluido (6), dicha parte intermedia (14) está formada por una capa de un material poroso por ejemplo de espuma, dicha parte intermedia (14) proporciona soporte al cuerpo. The fluid release mechanism (6) allows the passage of fluid from the fluid chamber (12) to the outside of the device releasing fluid, this is in order to regulate the temperature and humidity of the skin that is in contact with the device for long periods of time. The skin is the most important source of heat loss of the body so the variables that affect perspiration, humidity and temperature must be controlled to avoid alterations in the tone and thermoregulation of the body and avoid skin ulceration so The fluid release mechanism that is in contact with the user's body must regulate humidity and temperature. Referring to FIG. 10 and FIG. 1 1 in an embodiment of the invention, within the fluid chamber (12) there is an intermediate part (14) between the altering pressure surface (1 1) and the fluid release mechanism (6), said intermediate part (14) is formed by a layer of a porous material, for example foam, said intermediate part (14) provides support to the body.
La tercera entrada de flujo (9) se conecta al mecanismo de liberación de fluido (6) a través de un conector y una manguera (15) que atraviesan la parte intermedia (14) y se conecta a la fuente de flujo (3) y a los poros (7) de la matriz de poros (7) de salida de fluido (8). El ingreso de fluido a la tercera entrada de flujo (9) se da por medio de una válvula que es controlada por la unidad de control (10). The third flow inlet (9) is connected to the fluid release mechanism (6) through a connector and a hose (15) that cross the intermediate part (14) and is connected to the flow source (3) and the pores (7) of the pore matrix (7) of fluid outlet (8). The fluid entering the third flow inlet (9) is given by means of a valve that is controlled by the control unit (10).
En una modalidad de la invención la manguera (15) cubre en su trayectoria interna al menos el 25% del área superficial del mecanismo de liberación de fluido (6) y el conector no supera un diámetro nominal interno entre 6 mm y 12 mm. In one embodiment of the invention the hose (15) covers in its internal path at least 25% of the surface area of the fluid release mechanism (6) and the connector does not exceed an internal nominal diameter between 6 mm and 12 mm.
En una modalidad de la invención, la salida de aire de cada poro alcanza una velocidad final de salida en un rango desde 0.1 m/s hasta 0.4 m/s. Esta velocidad final de salida de aire por cada poro es necesaria para mantener una temperatura de la piel de 35°C para mantener su óptimo desempeño y evitar el intercambio calórico con el ambiente, sosteniendo un balance energético e impidiendo así la sudoración (Brotherhood, 2008), (Alkassir, y otros, 2006). En una modalidad de la invención, el fluido es aire y el mecanismo de liberación de fluido libera aire aromatizado y estéril para dar más confort al usuario. En una segunda modalidad de la invención, el fluido tiene propiedades antibacteriales con el fin de realizar una limpieza y mantenimiento a todo el interior. La unidad de control (10) es la encargada de controlar la alternancia de la superficie de presión alternante (1 1 ) y el paso de aire al mecanismo de liberación de fluido (6) y la entrada y salida de aire de la cámara de fluido (12). En una modalidad de la invención este control se realiza a través de una secuencia lógica representada a través de un diagrama de estados haciendo referencia a la FIG 12. Las variables del diagrama de estados están definidas en la siguiente tabla 1 . In one embodiment of the invention, the air outlet of each pore reaches a final outlet speed in a range from 0.1 m / s to 0.4 m / s. This final air outlet velocity for each pore is necessary to maintain a skin temperature of 35 ° C to maintain its optimal performance and avoid caloric exchange with the environment, maintaining an energy balance and thus preventing sweating (Brotherhood, 2008 ), (Alkassir, and others, 2006). In one embodiment of the invention, the fluid is air and the fluid release mechanism releases sterile flavored air to give the user more comfort. In a second embodiment of the invention, the fluid has antibacterial properties in order to perform cleaning and maintenance throughout the interior. The control unit (10) is responsible for controlling the alternation of the alternating pressure surface (1 1) and the passage of air to the fluid release mechanism (6) and the air inlet and outlet of the fluid chamber (12). In one embodiment of the invention this control is performed through a logical sequence represented by a state diagram referring to FIG 12. The variables of the state diagram are defined in the following table 1.
Figure imgf000016_0001
Figure imgf000016_0001
Tabla 1 Table 1
En la secuencia lógica se toma como estado inicial el momento en el que el primer volumen de control (1 ) y el segundo volumen de control (2) interior se encuentran llenos de fluido porque tienen las entradas de flujo habilitadas. Luego, se comienza la alternancia de la superficie de presión alternante (1 1 ) de la siguiente forma: el primer volumen de control (1 ) y al segundo volumen de control (2) alternan el paso del fluido por medio de la primera entrada de flujo (4) y la segunda entrada de flujo (5). De esta manera, la presente invención tiene la posibilidad de estar en tres estados: estado E1 : estado inicial, el primer volumen de control (1 ) y el segundo volumen de control (2) tienen presión; estado E2: el primer volumen de control (1 ) a mayor presión con respecto al segundo volumen de control (2); estado E3: el primer volumen de control (1 ) a menor presión que el segundo volumen de control (2); estado E4: el primer volumen de control (1 ) y el segundo volumen de control (2) a igual presión. La presión máxima del primer volumen de control (1 ) y el segundo volumen de control (2) es de 41638 Pa (6 PSI). In the logical sequence, the moment in which the first control volume (1) and the second control volume (2) inside are filled with fluid is taken as the initial state because they have the flow inputs enabled. Then, the alternation of the alternating pressure surface (1 1) is started as follows: the first control volume (1) and the second control volume (2) alternate the passage of the fluid through the first inlet of flow (4) and the second flow input (5). In this way, the present invention has the possibility of being in three states: state E1: initial state, the first control volume (1) and the second control volume (2) have pressure; state E2: the first control volume (1) at higher pressure with respect to the second control volume (2); state E3: the first control volume (1) at a lower pressure than the second control volume (2); E4 state: the first control volume (1) and the second control volume (2) at the same pressure. The maximum pressure of the first control volume (1) and the second control volume (2) is 41638 Pa (6 PSI).
El estado E1 es el estado inicial de la invención. Los estados E1 , E2, E3, E4 son controlados por la unidad de control (10) la secuencia lógica de la alternancia es: estado E1 a estado E2 a través de un comando C1 a la unidad de control. Estado E2 durante un tiempo t1 . Estado E2 a estado E4. Estado E4 durante un tiempo t2. Estado E4 a estado E3. Estado E3 durante un tiempo t1 . Estado E3 a estado E4. Estado E4 durante un tiempo t2. Y se repite la secuencia hasta que el proceso sea detenido intencionalmente. Cuando este proceso se detiene a través del comando C2 se pasa al estado E1 . The E1 state is the initial state of the invention. The states E1, E2, E3, E4 are controlled by the control unit (10) the logical sequence of the alternation is: state E1 to state E2 through a command C1 to the control unit. State E2 for a time t1. State E2 to State E4. State E4 for a time t2. State E4 to State E3. State E3 for a time t1. State E3 to State E4. State E4 for a time t2. And the sequence is repeated until the process is intentionally stopped. When this process is stopped through the C2 command, it goes to state E1.
En una modalidad de la invención, el tiempo t1 tiene una duración de entre 5 y 20 minutos donde los 20 minutos corresponden a MAXtl , el tiempo t2 entre 1 y 2 minutos donde los 2 minutos corresponden a MAXt2. Igualmente, la secuencia puede ser interrumpida en cualquier momento y ser empezada desde su estado inicial E1 . In one embodiment of the invention, the time t1 has a duration of between 5 and 20 minutes where the 20 minutes correspond to MAXtl, the time t2 between 1 and 2 minutes where the 2 minutes correspond to MAXt2. Likewise, the sequence can be interrupted at any time and started from its initial state E1.
En una modalidad de la invención el dispositivo de la presente invención cuanta con un sensor de presión que envía una señal electrónica a la unidad de control (10) en el momento en el que el primer volumen de control (1 ) y/o el segundo volumen de control (2) están presurizados un nivel de presión crítico preseleccionado por el usuario y esta señal indica a la unidad de control el cierre de la primera y la segunda de entrada de flujo para evitar desprendimiento en la unión de las dos superficies laminares. Bibliografía In one embodiment of the invention, the device of the present invention has a pressure sensor that sends an electronic signal to the control unit (10) at the moment when the first control volume (1) and / or the second Control volume (2) a critical pressure level preselected by the user is pressurized and this signal indicates to the control unit the closure of the first and second flow inlets to prevent detachment at the junction of the two laminar surfaces. Bibliography
Alkassir, A., Gañan, J., Ramiro, A., Sabio, E., González, J. F., & González, C. Alkassir, A., Gañan, J., Ramiro, A., Sabio, E., González, J. F., & González, C.
M. (2006). Estudio experimental de las condiciones del confort térmico. Frío-calor y aire acondicionado, 28-36.  M. (2006). Experimental study of thermal comfort conditions. Hot and cold air conditioning, 28-36.
Brotherhood, J. R. (2008). Heat stress and strain in exercise and sport. Journal oí Science and Medicine in Sport, 6-19.  Brotherhood, J. R. (2008). Heat stress and strain in exercise and sport. Journal I heard Science and Medicine in Sport, 6-19.
Palacios, E. L, Maclas, A. G., & Zárate, M. M. (2000). Alteraciones de la  Palacios, E. L, Maclas, A. G., & Zárate, M. M. (2000). Alterations of the
termorregulación. Emergencias, 192-207.  thermoregulation Emergencies, 192-207.
Glosario Glossary
Spline: segmento de curva que une los materiales laminares.  Spline: curve segment that joins the sheet materials.
Zigzag: Patrón de líneas paralelas que describen esquinas con ángulos variables. Zigzag: Pattern of parallel lines that describe corners with varying angles.
Matriz de poros: es un arreglo de poros siguiendo un patrón.  Pore matrix: it is an array of pores following a pattern.
Poro, Se entenderá como poro un agujero por el que sale flujo de aire y el plural de poro es poros. Pore, A pore will be understood as a hole through which air flow exits and the plural of pore is pores.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1 . Un dispositivo de presión alternante con regulación de temperatura y humedad que comprende: a) un primer volumen de control; b) un segundo volumen de control adyacente al primer volumen de control; c) una fuente de fluido a presión; d) una primera entrada de flujo conectada al primer volumen de control y a la fuente de fluido a presión; e) una segunda entrada de flujo conectada al segundo volumen de control y conectada a la fuente de fluido a presión; f) un mecanismo de liberación de fluido con una matriz de poros de salida de fluido ubicado sobre el primer volumen de control y el segundo volumen de control. g) una tercera entrada de flujo conectada al mecanismo de liberación de fluido y a la fuente de fluido a presión; y, h) una unidad de control; donde la unidad de control controla el mecanismo de liberación de fluido, el inflado y el desinflado de los volúmenes de control alternado el primer volumen de control y el segundo volumen de control, y el vector que orienta a los poros de la matriz de poros no es normal a la superficie de contacto del cuerpo humano. one . An alternating pressure device with temperature and humidity regulation comprising: a) a first control volume; b) a second control volume adjacent to the first control volume; c) a source of pressurized fluid; d) a first flow inlet connected to the first control volume and the source of pressurized fluid; e) a second flow inlet connected to the second control volume and connected to the source of pressurized fluid; f) a fluid release mechanism with a fluid exit pore matrix located on the first control volume and the second control volume. g) a third flow inlet connected to the fluid release mechanism and the source of pressurized fluid; and, h) a control unit; where the control unit controls the fluid release mechanism, inflation and deflation of the alternating control volumes the first control volume and the second control volume, and the vector that guides the pores of the pore matrix not It is normal to the contact surface of the human body.
2. El dispositivo reclamado en la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque el primer volumen de control y el segundo volumen de control forman una superficie de presión alternante. 2. The device claimed in claim 1 characterized in that the first control volume and the second control volume form an alternating pressure surface.
3. El dispositivo reclamado en la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque el primer volumen de control y el segundo volumen de control no requieren tubos de escape. 3. The device claimed in claim 1 characterized in that the first control volume and the second control volume do not require exhaust pipes.
4. El dispositivo reclamado en la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque el primer volumen de control y el segundo volumen de control están formados por un material laminar. 4. The device claimed in claim 1 characterized in that the first control volume and the second control volume are formed by a sheet material.
5. El dispositivo reclamado en la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque la forma del mecanismo de liberación de fluido describe la misma geometría de la superficie de presión alternante. 5. The device claimed in claim 1 characterized in that the shape of the fluid release mechanism describes the same geometry of the alternating pressure surface.
6. El dispositivo reclamado en la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque la matriz de poros de salida de fluido están formada por un material laminar con poros. The device claimed in claim 1 characterized in that the fluid exit pore matrix is formed by a sheet material with pores.
7. El dispositivo reclamado en la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque el perímetro matriz de poros de salida de fluido sigue el contorno de una espalda humana. 7. The device claimed in claim 1 characterized in that the perimeter matrix of fluid exit pores follows the contour of a human back.
8. El dispositivo reclamado en la reivindicación 1 , 4 y 6 caracterizado porque el material laminar se selecciona del grupo que comprende papel, telas, láminas metálicas, fibras no tejidas y textil de poliéster. The device claimed in claim 1, 4 and 6 characterized in that the sheet material is selected from the group comprising paper, fabrics, metal sheets, nonwoven fibers and polyester textile.
7. El dispositivo reclamado en la reivindicación 1 y 2 caracterizado porque la superficie de presión alternante forma baldosas delimitadas por las uniones y spline del primer volumen de control y el segundo volumen de control. 7. The device claimed in claim 1 and 2 characterized in that the alternating pressure surface forms tiles delimited by the joints and spline of the first control volume and the second control volume.
8. El dispositivo reclamado en la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque el ángulo que se forma entre el vector que orienta los poros de la matriz de poros y una línea imaginaria perpendicular a la superficie de soporte de presión tiene un ángulo entre 15° y 60°. The device claimed in claim 1 characterized in that the angle that is formed between the vector that orients the pores of the pore matrix and an imaginary line perpendicular to the pressure support surface has an angle between 15 ° and 60 °.
9. El dispositivo reclamado en la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque los poros de la matriz de poros tienen un diámetro nominal entre 0.2mm y 0.9mm. 9. The device claimed in claim 1 characterized in that the pores of the pore matrix have a nominal diameter between 0.2mm and 0.9mm.
10. El dispositivo reclamado en la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque el fluido es aire. 10. The device claimed in claim 1 characterized in that the fluid is air.
1 1 . El dispositivo reclamado en la reivindicación 1 y 9 caracterizado porque la salida de aire de cada poro alcanza una velocidad final de salida en un rango desde 0.1 m/s hasta 0.4m/s. eleven . The device claimed in claim 1 and 9 characterized in that the air outlet of each pore reaches a final outlet speed in a range from 0.1 m / s to 0.4m / s.
12. El dispositivo reclamado en la reivindicación 1 y 2 caracterizado porque el mecanismo de liberación forma una cámara de fluido con la superficie de presión alternante. 12. The device claimed in claim 1 and 2 characterized in that the release mechanism forms a fluid chamber with the alternating pressure surface.
13. El dispositivo reclamado en la reivindicación 1 y 2 caracterizado porque el mecanismo de liberación de fluido se desprende de la superficie de presión alternante. 13. The device claimed in claim 1 and 2 characterized in that the fluid release mechanism is detached from the alternating pressure surface.
14. El dispositivo reclamado en la reivindicación 1 y 2 caracterizado porque el mecanismo de liberación de fluido se une a la superficie de soporte de presión alternante a través de un elemento del grupo compuesto de velero, cierre, botones y elementos de ensamble de materiales laminares y combinaciones de estos. 14. The device claimed in claim 1 and 2 characterized in that the fluid release mechanism is attached to the alternating pressure support surface through an element of the group consisting of sailboat, closure, buttons and assembly elements of sheet materials and combinations of these.
15. El dispositivo reclamado en la reivindicación 1 , 2 y 12 caracterizado por una parte intermedia dentro de la cámara de fluido entre la superficie de presión alterante y el mecanismo de liberación, dicha parte intermedia está formada por una capa de material de espuma de soporte al cuerpo. 15. The device claimed in claim 1, 2 and 12 characterized by an intermediate part within the fluid chamber between the altering pressure surface and the release mechanism, said intermediate part is formed by a layer of support foam material to the body.
16. El dispositivo reclamado en la reivindicación 1 y 15 caracterizado porque la parte intermedia formada por una capa de material de espuma de soporte al cuerpo aloja una manguera que conecta la fuente de flujo con la matriz de poros de salida. 16. The device claimed in claim 1 and 15 characterized in that the intermediate part formed by a layer of support foam material to the body houses a hose that connects the flow source with the exit pore matrix.
17. El dispositivo reclamado en la reivindicación 1 y 12 caracterizado la tercera entrada de flujo está conectada a la cámara de fluido y esta es independiente a la primera entrada de flujo y la segunda entrada de flujo. 17. The device claimed in claim 1 and 12 characterized in that the third flow inlet is connected to the fluid chamber and this is independent of the first flow inlet and the second flow inlet.
18. El dispositivo reclamado en la reivindicación 1 y 10 caracterizado porque el mecanismo de liberación de fluido libera aire aromatizado y estéril. 18. The device claimed in claim 1 and 10 characterized in that the fluid release mechanism releases sterile flavored air.
19. El dispositivo reclamado en la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque un sensor de presión envía una señal electrónica a la unidad de control en el momento en el que el primer volumen de control o el segundo volumen de control están presurizados a un nivel de presión crítico y esta señal indica a la unidad de control el cierre la primera y la segunda de entrada de flujo. 19. The device claimed in claim 1 characterized in that a pressure sensor sends an electronic signal to the control unit at the moment when the first control volume or the second control volume is pressurized to a critical pressure level and This signal tells the control unit to close the first and second flow input.
20. El dispositivo reclamado en la reivindicación 1 caracterizado por que la unidad de control controla alternando el inflado y desinflado del primer volumen de control y el segundo volumen de control. 20. The device claimed in claim 1 characterized in that the control unit controls by alternating inflation and deflation of the first control volume and the second control volume.
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