WO2012045433A1 - Tension distributor for pipeline - Google Patents
Tension distributor for pipeline Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012045433A1 WO2012045433A1 PCT/EP2011/004933 EP2011004933W WO2012045433A1 WO 2012045433 A1 WO2012045433 A1 WO 2012045433A1 EP 2011004933 W EP2011004933 W EP 2011004933W WO 2012045433 A1 WO2012045433 A1 WO 2012045433A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pipe section
- tension distributor
- curved pipe
- elongated curved
- pipeline
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L1/00—Laying or reclaiming pipes; Repairing or joining pipes on or under water
- F16L1/12—Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water
- F16L1/20—Accessories therefor, e.g. floats, weights
- F16L1/202—Accessories therefor, e.g. floats, weights fixed on or to vessels
- F16L1/203—Accessories therefor, e.g. floats, weights fixed on or to vessels the pipes being wound spirally prior to laying
Definitions
- the invention relates to a construction for a pipeline, which can be used with the spiralisation of a pipeline, comprising a curved elongated pipe section containing a coupling to which a pipeline can be attached.
- a construction for a pipeline which can be used with the spiralisation of a pipeline, comprising a curved elongated pipe section containing a coupling to which a pipeline can be attached.
- the tension distributor according to the invention has the advantage that the tension is distributed over a longer length in such a way that no high load on the next or adjacent course of the pipeline spiral will occur.
- the elongated curved pipe section according to the invention contains an increasing smaller bend radius obtained eg by plastic deformation of a pipe towards the pipe end.
- the end of the tension distributor will have the same bending radius as a pipe when it would be bent elastically at its maximum, while the beginning of the tension distributor, near the coupling to the pipeline, the tension distributor will be straight.
- the elongated curved pipe section has a gradually increasing smaller bending radius. Larger pipes can be plastically bent by the pipe bending machines at certain intervals, so this is not a continuous bend. By increasing or decreasing the distance between the bends or by changing the degree of plastic deformation the bend radius can change gradually over the length of the tension distributor.
- Another way to obtain a curved pipe would be placing pieces of pipe at an angle to weld.
- the length of the elongated curved pipe part depend on the diameter and wall thickness of the pipe.
- the elongated curved pipe section according to the invention includes a rotating mechanism so that the elongated curved pipe section can rotate around the longitudinal axis of the pipeline to which it is attached.
- connecting means to attach the elongated curved pipe section on a pipeline in a chosen position so that the elongated curved pipe section can not rotate around the longitudinal axis of the pipeline to which it is attached.
- a further favorable embodiment is characterized in that the tension distributor has one or more points where a force can seize upon the tension distributor and this force can be exercised to create an elastic deflection.
- a further favorable embodiment is characterized in that the top of the elongated curved pipe section is so wide that when floating in a liquid, it will place itself by its own buoyancy in the right position.
- a further favorable embodiment is characterized in that the tension distributor has a guide at the inside of the bend where in the adjacent previous winding of the spiral can be directed.
- a similarly favorable embodiment is characterized in that the tension distributor has a guide at the outside of the bend where in the adjacent next winding of the spiral can be directed.
- a further favorable embodiment is characterized in that the guide has facilities to tie up the adjacent pipe.
- a similarly favorable embodiment is characterized that the guide consists of segments that are attached with hinges. This has the advantage that when bent, it is less likely that local tensions will occur that can lead to distortion.
- a similarly favourable embodiment is characterized in that the tension distributor or any of the individual components are hermetically sealed.
- FIG. 1 A possible application shows of a tension
- Fig. 2a a possible embodiment shows of a tension
- Fig. 2b a possible embodiment shows of a tension
- Fig. 3 a possible embodiment shows of a tension
- FIG 1 represents an elastic bend pipe 3 for that is bent into a spiral and is towed by two tugboats 15.
- Figure 1 shows a possible application for tension distributors which can be applied at both ends of a pipeline 3.
- Figure 2a shows a possible embodiment of a tension
- the tension distributor comprising an elongated piece of bent pipe 8 and coupling 2 that are not drawn to scale.
- the length of the tension distributor depends on the diameter and wall thickness of the pipeline 3.
- Coupling 2 shall be welded in line with the pipeline 3.
- the elongated curved pipe section 8 is slid into coupling 2 with one end of the elongated curved pipe section 8 that has a reduction of the diameter 13 that fits right ⁇ into coupling 2.
- a slot 6 is has been provided where in the bolts 5 of the coupling 2 can be fastened so that the elongated curved pipe section 8 can not move anymore.
- two eyelets 9 are created on which a force can be exerted so that in the elongated curved pipe section 8, a moment will occur which will increase in the direction of the reduction of the diameter 13 and which ensures that the elongated curve pipe section 8 and pipe3 will bend.
- the elongated curved pipe section 8 is near the two eyelets 9 the most plastically deformed part of the elongated curved pipe section 8 while at the reduction of the diameter 13 almost no plastic deformation has been created.
- the plastic bending of the elongated curved pipe section 8 is decreasing from its maximum at the two eyelets 9 to near zero degrees at the reduction of the diameter 13.
- the elongated curved pipe section 8 By applying a certain force to the two eyelets 9 in the direction of an imaginary center of the elongated curved pipe section 8, the elongated curved pipe section 8 will be bend evenly over its entire length.
- Figure 2a also shows a guide that consists of several segments 4 which are attached on the elongated curved pipe section 8.
- segments 4 are slots 14 arranged so that a fastening band can be fastened to the previous layer of the spiral as shown in Figure 1.
- the segments 4 are slots 14 arranged so that a fastening band can be fastened to the previous layer of the spiral as shown in Figure 1.
- segments can be made with hinges.
- Figure 2b shows a possible embodiment of a tension
- distibutor comprising an elongated curved pipe section 1 and coupling 2 not drawn to scale.
- the length of the tension distibutor depends on the diameter and wall
- Coupling 2 shall be welded in line with the pipeline 3.
- the elongated piece of curved pipe 1 shall be inserted in coupling 2 whereby one end of the elongated curved pipe section 1 has a reduction of ⁇ -the diameter 13 that exactly fit into coupling 2.
- a circumferential groove 6 is created in which the bolts 5 of the coupling 2 can be fastened so that the elongated curved pipe can not move anymore.
- a fixture 7 is made with an eyelet from which a force can be
- the elongated curved pipe section is near the fixture 7 most plastically bent while at the reduction of the
- Figure 2b also shows a guide that consists of several segments 4 which are attached on the elongated curved pipe section 1.
- segments 4 are slots 14 created so that a fastening band can be fastened to the next layer of the spiral as shown in Figure 1.
- Figure 3 shows a tension distributor in an installed situation .
- the coupling 2 has been welded in line with pipe 3 and the long piece of curved pipe is attached in the coupling 2 and secured with the bolts 5.
Abstract
The invention relates to an elongated uneven plastically deformed curved pipe section that can be attached to a pipeline and which ensures that when a force is applied at the end of the elongated curved pipe section, the pipe section will get over the entire length the same bend radius. By preparing the construction in such a way that the elongated curved pipe section can rotate around the axis of the pipeline, the elongated curved pipe section can be tied up at a later stage in the right direction.
Description
Tension distributor for pipeline
The invention relates to a construction for a pipeline, which can be used with the spiralisation of a pipeline, comprising a curved elongated pipe section containing a coupling to which a pipeline can be attached. This applies in particular to construct the first floating circle and the last circle of pipe in a floating spiraled pipe on water such as is described in Patent PCT/EP2008/008062. With the elastic deformation of a steel or alloy pipeline it's hard to deform the end of the pipe to the same extent as the rest of the pipeline. This is because at the end of the pipe it is difficult to exert sufficient momentum that creates as much deflection of the pipe as in the rest of the pipe. When applying a force on the end of a pipe, the effect will be that the pipe is irregular deformed. At the end of the pipe the deflection will be minimal, while at greater distance from the end of the pipe where a force is applied a greater deflection will occur.
When producing the first near-circle of a spiral as
described in the patent PCT/EP2008/008062 a disadvantage of this irregular deformation is that the end of the pipeline will press itself in the next course of the spiral. This gives a point load at the end of the pipe and on the next course of the spiral. That the pipe can be damaged under these conditions is a real possibility.
At the end of the outer course of the spiral as described in patent PCT/EP2008/008062 the same conditions apply except that the pipe can find no connection with the previous course of the spiral.
The tension distributor according to the invention has the advantage that the tension is distributed over a longer length in such a way that no high load on the next or
adjacent course of the pipeline spiral will occur.
Therefore, the elongated curved pipe section according to the invention contains an increasing smaller bend radius obtained eg by plastic deformation of a pipe towards the pipe end.
If there is not applied any force, the end of the tension distributor will have the same bending radius as a pipe when it would be bent elastically at its maximum, while the beginning of the tension distributor, near the coupling to the pipeline, the tension distributor will be straight. From beginning to end, the elongated curved pipe section has a gradually increasing smaller bending radius. Larger pipes can be plastically bent by the pipe bending machines at certain intervals, so this is not a continuous bend. By increasing or decreasing the distance between the bends or by changing the degree of plastic deformation the bend radius can change gradually over the length of the tension distributor.
Another way to obtain a curved pipe would be placing pieces of pipe at an angle to weld.
The length of the elongated curved pipe part depend on the diameter and wall thickness of the pipe.
An advantageous realization of the invention is
characterized in that the bend radius at the end of the elongated curved pipe section corresponds to the bending radius of the adjacent winding of the spiral to be
produced and that the bend radius at the very beginning , at the location where the tension distributor is attached to the pipeline that will eventually form the spiral pipeline, will be larger
A very good achievement is characterized in that the elongated curved pipe section according to the invention includes a rotating mechanism so that the elongated curved
pipe section can rotate around the longitudinal axis of the pipeline to which it is attached.
A further advantageous realization is characterized in that the elongated curved pipe section according to the
invention is provided with connecting means to attach the elongated curved pipe section on a pipeline in a chosen position so that the elongated curved pipe section can not rotate around the longitudinal axis of the pipeline to which it is attached.
A further favorable embodiment is characterized in that the tension distributor has one or more points where a force can seize upon the tension distributor and this force can be exercised to create an elastic deflection.
A further favorable embodiment is characterized in that the top of the elongated curved pipe section is so wide that when floating in a liquid, it will place itself by its own buoyancy in the right position.
A further favorable embodiment is characterized in that the tension distributor has a guide at the inside of the bend where in the adjacent previous winding of the spiral can be directed.
A similarly favorable embodiment is characterized in that the tension distributor has a guide at the outside of the bend where in the adjacent next winding of the spiral can be directed.
A further favorable embodiment is characterized in that the guide has facilities to tie up the adjacent pipe.
A similarly favorable embodiment is characterized that the guide consists of segments that are attached with hinges. This has the advantage that when bent, it is less likely that local tensions will occur that can lead to distortion.
A similarly favourable embodiment is characterized in that the tension distributor or any of the individual components are hermetically sealed.
This has the advantage of giving a positive contribution to keep the tension distributor floating when it is in a fluid.
The invention will now be further explained by reference to the following figures, wherein:
Fig. 1 A possible application shows of a tension
distributor in a spiral position;
Fig. 2a a possible embodiment shows of a tension
distributor for an inner circle
of a spiral with the various components
in an not installed situation;
Fig. 2b a possible embodiment shows of a tension
distributor for an outer circle
of a spiral with the various components
in an not installed situation;
Fig. 3 a possible embodiment shows of a tension
distributor with the various components installed
The figure 1 represents an elastic bend pipe 3 for that is bent into a spiral and is towed by two tugboats 15. Figure 1 shows a possible application for tension distributors which can be applied at both ends of a pipeline 3.
When spiralling the pipeline 3 in the elastic region is very difficult to bend the ends of the pipeline in the correct geometrical shape as a force exerted by the cables 10 on the ends are not large enough to provide large enough momentum for the pipeline at the end to deform.
Figure 2a shows a possible embodiment of a tension
distributor comprising an elongated piece of bent pipe 8 and coupling 2 that are not drawn to scale. The length of the tension distributor depends on the diameter and wall thickness of the pipeline 3.
Coupling 2 shall be welded in line with the pipeline 3.
The elongated curved pipe section 8 is slid into coupling 2 with one end of the elongated curved pipe section 8 that has a reduction of the diameter 13 that fits right · into coupling 2. In the reduction of the diameter 13 of the elongated curved pipe section 8 a slot 6 is has been provided where in the bolts 5 of the coupling 2 can be fastened so that the elongated curved pipe section 8 can not move anymore. At the end of the elongated curved pipe section 8 two eyelets 9 are created on which a force can be exerted so that in the elongated curved pipe section 8, a moment will occur which will increase in the direction of the reduction of the diameter 13 and which ensures that the elongated curve pipe section 8 and pipe3 will bend.
The elongated curved pipe section 8 is near the two eyelets 9 the most plastically deformed part of the elongated curved pipe section 8 while at the reduction of the diameter 13 almost no plastic deformation has been created. The plastic bending of the elongated curved pipe section 8 is decreasing from its maximum at the two eyelets 9 to near zero degrees at the reduction of the diameter 13.
By applying a certain force to the two eyelets 9 in the direction of an imaginary center of the elongated curved pipe section 8, the elongated curved pipe section 8 will be bend evenly over its entire length.
Figure 2a also shows a guide that consists of several segments 4 which are attached on the elongated curved pipe section 8. In the segments 4 are slots 14 arranged so that a fastening band can be fastened to the previous layer of the spiral as shown in Figure 1. Alternatively, the
segments can be made with hinges.
Figure 2b shows a possible embodiment of a tension
distibutor comprising an elongated curved pipe section 1 and coupling 2 not drawn to scale. The length of the tension distibutor depends on the diameter and wall
thickness of the pipeline 3.
Coupling 2 shall be welded in line with the pipeline 3.
The elongated piece of curved pipe 1 shall be inserted in coupling 2 whereby one end of the elongated curved pipe section 1 has a reduction of^-the diameter 13 that exactly fit into coupling 2. In the reduction of the diameter 13 of the elongated curved pipe section 1 a circumferential groove 6 is created in which the bolts 5 of the coupling 2 can be fastened so that the elongated curved pipe can not move anymore.
At the end of the elongated curved pipe section 1 a fixture 7 is made with an eyelet from which a force can be
transmitted to the elongated curved pipe section 1 so that a moment will be created that makes the elongated curved pipe section 1 as well as pipe 3 bend in its elastic region .
The elongated curved pipe section is near the fixture 7 most plastically bent while at the reduction of the
diameter 13 no plastic deformation has been created. The plastic bending of the elongated curved pipe section 1 is gradual going down from the fixture 7 to zero degrees at the reduction of the diameter 13. By exerting force on the fixture 7 in the direction of an imaginary center of the elongated curved pipe section 1, the elongated curved pipe section 1 will be bend evenly over its entire length.
Figure 2b also shows a guide that consists of several segments 4 which are attached on the elongated curved pipe section 1. In the segments 4 are slots 14 created so that a fastening band can be fastened to the next layer of the spiral as shown in Figure 1. Figure 3 shows a tension distributor in an installed situation .
The coupling 2 has been welded in line with pipe 3 and the long piece of curved pipe is attached in the coupling 2 and secured with the bolts 5.
Claims
1. Tension distributor for a pipe spiral comprising an elongated curved pipe section, characterized in that the bend radius at the end of the elongated curved pipe section corresponds to the bending radius of the adjacent winding of the spiral to be produced and that the bend radius at the very beginning , where the tension distributor is attached to the pipeline, will be larger.
2. Tension distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that the elongated curved pipe section according to the invention includes a rotating mechanism so that the
elongated curved pipe section can rotate around the
longitudinal axis of the pipeline to which it is attached.
3. Tension distributor according to any of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the tension distributor according to the invention is provided with connecting means to attach the elongated curved pipe section on a pipeline in a chosen position so that the elongated curved pipe section can not rotate around the longitudinal axis of the pipeline to which it is attached.
4. Tension distributor according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the tension distributor has one or more points where a force can seize upon the tension distributor and this force can be exercised to create an elastic deflection.
5. Tension distributor according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the top of the elongated curved pipe section is so wide that when floating in a liquid, it will place itself by its own buoyancy in the right position.
6. Tension distributor according to any of claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the tension distributor has a guide at the inside of the bend where in the adjacent previous winding of the spiral can be directed.
7. Tension distributor according to any of claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the tension distributor has a guide at the outside of the bend where in the adjacent next winding of the spiral can be directed.
8. Tension distributor in any one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the guide has facilities to tie up the adjacent pipe.
9. Tension distributor in any one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the guide consists of segments that are attached with hinges.
10. Tension distributor according to any of claims 1,2 or 3, characterized in that the tension distributor or any of the individual components are hermetically sealed.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL1038286 | 2010-10-03 | ||
| NL1038286A NL1038286C2 (en) | 2010-10-03 | 2010-10-03 | PRESSURE DISTRIBUTOR FOR A PIPE. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2012045433A1 true WO2012045433A1 (en) | 2012-04-12 |
Family
ID=44049391
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2011/004933 WO2012045433A1 (en) | 2010-10-03 | 2011-10-03 | Tension distributor for pipeline |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| NL (1) | NL1038286C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2012045433A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015132613A1 (en) * | 2014-03-07 | 2015-09-11 | Subsea 7 Limited | Transportation and installation of elongate subsea elements |
Citations (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1413051A (en) * | 1960-02-02 | 1965-10-08 | Process for forming elbows in tubular parts, elements and parts thus produced | |
| NL7800102A (en) * | 1977-01-11 | 1978-07-13 | Petroles Cie Francaise | CONNECTION DEVICE AND HIGHLY RELIABLE CONNECTION PIPES BETWEEN PIPES WITH MOVING ENDS. |
| EP0338503A1 (en) * | 1988-04-18 | 1989-10-25 | Rösle Metallwarenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG | Elbow for gutter drain pipe |
| WO1997041054A1 (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 1997-11-06 | Coflexip Stena Offshore Limited | Pipeline storage |
| WO2000011388A1 (en) * | 1998-08-20 | 2000-03-02 | Bogey Venlo B.V. | Method and means for storing and/or transporting an elongated tube or cable |
| US6047825A (en) * | 1998-08-21 | 2000-04-11 | Samuels; Shaun Lawrence Wilkie | Method and apparatus for storing medical guidewires |
| EP1060757A1 (en) * | 1999-05-19 | 2000-12-20 | Seacrest Technology Limited | A coiling clip for a catheter guide wire |
| US20010004153A1 (en) * | 1995-02-15 | 2001-06-21 | Byrnes Dennis S. | Infinitely selectable angle pipe fitting |
| DE20316181U1 (en) * | 2003-10-17 | 2004-02-12 | Zambelli-Fertigungs-Gmbh | Elbow section for rainwater metal drainpipe has shoulder section link to straight cylindrical larger and smaller end-fittings |
| US20040119288A1 (en) * | 2002-12-23 | 2004-06-24 | Allied Tube And Conduit Corporation | Conduit coupling assembly |
| US20050263616A1 (en) * | 2004-05-25 | 2005-12-01 | Lung-Hui Chen | Air nozzle of pneumatic tools |
| WO2006056849A2 (en) * | 2004-11-29 | 2006-06-01 | Francois Maree Vorster | A pneumatic materials handling unit |
| US20060278546A1 (en) * | 2005-06-09 | 2006-12-14 | Matt State | Packaging for medical device |
| DE102007037459A1 (en) * | 2007-08-08 | 2009-02-12 | Metallwarenfabrik Marktoberdorf Gmbh & Co. Kg | Elbow connector for drainpipe has two interlocking curved sections with adjustable relative settings |
| US20100034591A1 (en) * | 2008-08-08 | 2010-02-11 | Wilson Michael W N | Method for storing, delivering and spooling preassembled pipelines |
-
2010
- 2010-10-03 NL NL1038286A patent/NL1038286C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2011
- 2011-10-03 WO PCT/EP2011/004933 patent/WO2012045433A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1413051A (en) * | 1960-02-02 | 1965-10-08 | Process for forming elbows in tubular parts, elements and parts thus produced | |
| NL7800102A (en) * | 1977-01-11 | 1978-07-13 | Petroles Cie Francaise | CONNECTION DEVICE AND HIGHLY RELIABLE CONNECTION PIPES BETWEEN PIPES WITH MOVING ENDS. |
| EP0338503A1 (en) * | 1988-04-18 | 1989-10-25 | Rösle Metallwarenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG | Elbow for gutter drain pipe |
| US20010004153A1 (en) * | 1995-02-15 | 2001-06-21 | Byrnes Dennis S. | Infinitely selectable angle pipe fitting |
| WO1997041054A1 (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 1997-11-06 | Coflexip Stena Offshore Limited | Pipeline storage |
| WO2000011388A1 (en) * | 1998-08-20 | 2000-03-02 | Bogey Venlo B.V. | Method and means for storing and/or transporting an elongated tube or cable |
| US6047825A (en) * | 1998-08-21 | 2000-04-11 | Samuels; Shaun Lawrence Wilkie | Method and apparatus for storing medical guidewires |
| EP1060757A1 (en) * | 1999-05-19 | 2000-12-20 | Seacrest Technology Limited | A coiling clip for a catheter guide wire |
| US20040119288A1 (en) * | 2002-12-23 | 2004-06-24 | Allied Tube And Conduit Corporation | Conduit coupling assembly |
| DE20316181U1 (en) * | 2003-10-17 | 2004-02-12 | Zambelli-Fertigungs-Gmbh | Elbow section for rainwater metal drainpipe has shoulder section link to straight cylindrical larger and smaller end-fittings |
| US20050263616A1 (en) * | 2004-05-25 | 2005-12-01 | Lung-Hui Chen | Air nozzle of pneumatic tools |
| WO2006056849A2 (en) * | 2004-11-29 | 2006-06-01 | Francois Maree Vorster | A pneumatic materials handling unit |
| US20060278546A1 (en) * | 2005-06-09 | 2006-12-14 | Matt State | Packaging for medical device |
| DE102007037459A1 (en) * | 2007-08-08 | 2009-02-12 | Metallwarenfabrik Marktoberdorf Gmbh & Co. Kg | Elbow connector for drainpipe has two interlocking curved sections with adjustable relative settings |
| US20100034591A1 (en) * | 2008-08-08 | 2010-02-11 | Wilson Michael W N | Method for storing, delivering and spooling preassembled pipelines |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015132613A1 (en) * | 2014-03-07 | 2015-09-11 | Subsea 7 Limited | Transportation and installation of elongate subsea elements |
| US9909690B2 (en) | 2014-03-07 | 2018-03-06 | Subsea 7 Limited | Transportation and installation of elongate subsea elements |
| AU2015225890B2 (en) * | 2014-03-07 | 2019-02-14 | Subsea 7 Limited | Transportation and installation of elongate subsea elements |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL1038286C2 (en) | 2012-04-05 |
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