WO2010103107A1

WO2010103107A1 - Coating for protecting against heat

Info

Publication number: WO2010103107A1
Application number: PCT/EP2010/053197
Authority: WO
Inventors: José FERNANDEZ; Erwann Le Bars
Original assignee: S.M. Europe
Priority date: 2009-03-12
Filing date: 2010-03-12
Publication date: 2010-09-16
Also published as: FR2942942B1; FR2942941A1; FR2942942A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a coating for protecting against heat, including at least one compartment adapted for receiving means for the restitution and/or production of frigories. According to the invention, at least one portion of said coating includes at least three layers arranged in the following order: a breathing layer for contacting the skin; an insulation layer having said compartment and preferably including at least one air-retaining layer (1322) and at least one heat-reflecting layer (1321); and a coating layer capable of providing protection against at least one external agent such as fire and/or water.

Description

PROTECTIVE GARMENT AGAINST HEAT

1. Field of the invention

The field of the invention is that of controlling the metabolic temperature. More specifically, the invention relates to protective clothing against heat, whether radiant or convective, designed to help maintain the usual external temperature of a person.

A garment according to the invention is particularly intended to be worn before, after or during physical activity, such as for example a sporting practice, and / or in hot environments, for example by firefighters or in industries requiring work in heat, like iron and steel, foundries.

It may especially be a fire vest.

2. State of the art

"Nomen-Gore-tex" garments, such as jackets and trousers, are known which are used in particular by firemen's firefighting bodies, which resist the flames thanks to the "Nomen" (registered trademark) layer, and let slip perspiration while remaining waterproof thanks to the layer of "Gore-tex" (registered trademark). These garments are often matched with a wool lining to insulate against heat and heat radiation. A disadvantage of these "Nomen-Gore-Tex" garments is that they are not effective enough to regulate cutaneous temperature, or in other words that they quickly feel discomfort when wearing them, when It's hot.

To address the problem of controlling the temperature of the skin, clothing with a source of cold has been proposed.

It has been proposed to incorporate into the fabric of the garment larger microcapsules or capsules containing a phase change fluid to store cold inside the garment and refrigerate the wearer of the garment. A disadvantage of this technique is that it must first place the garment in the freezer, to cool the fluid contained in the microcapsules, whose contact is not pleasant when put on especially by the presence of frost on its surface.

It has also been thought to add to the garment removable refrigerated bags to overcome the previous disadvantage. US-A-5,415,222, for example, describes a nylon fabric vest.

Breathable (Deposited) Brand comprising pockets defining compartments into which removable bags containing paraffin may be inserted.

To obtain a cooling effect, the user must place the bags filled with paraffin (phase change material) in the pockets of the vest, making sure that the paraffin is in the solid state, then put on the vest. Depending on the temperature gradient between the body of the user and the bag, as well as other factors such as the relative humidity of the atmosphere and the importance of the user's physical expense, the user wearing the vest can expect to feel a cooling effect for about two to four hours. When paraffin has completely melted, the bags can be replaced with new bags. Bags that have been removed are placed in the freezer to further solidify the paraffin and be reusable.

This known technique has many disadvantages.

In fact, the pockets of the vest contain bags initially frozen in the solid state to have a cooling effect.

It follows a vest of great rigidity when it must be donned and worn by the user, which makes it unwieldy and uncomfortable.

The bags in the solid state found in the pockets of the vest impede the movements of the user who wears it, and occupy a large volume in the pockets.

Another disadvantage of this known technique is that the sweat of the wearer rapidly soaks the breathable fabric of the vest which becomes uncomfortable.

Another disadvantage of this technique is that the wearer is effectively protected from heat only at the height of the bags, and not over the entire surface of the vest. Another disadvantage of this known technique is that, to ensure satisfactory ventilation of the skin, the breathable material of this vest should not be covered, which does not allow to wear this vest as a lining under a jacket. A related disadvantage of this technique is that the wearing of this vest is not appropriate in case of exposure to fire or projections, or in the rain.

3. Objectives of the invention

The invention particularly aims to overcome the disadvantages of these techniques of the prior art. More specifically, an object of the invention is to provide a garment, such as for example a vest, which is effective.

Another object of the invention is to obtain a garment that is comfortable and lightweight.

In particular, in at least one particular embodiment of the invention, an object of the invention is to provide a garment which remains effective and comfortable under conditions of high temperature and / or in a fire.

An object of the invention is also to propose a technique that is simple to implement.

4. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION These objectives, as well as others which will appear more clearly later, are attained by means of a heat protection garment comprising at least one compartment configured to receive means of restitution. and / or production of frigories.

According to the invention, at least a portion of said garment comprises at least three layers arranged in this order: a breathable layer adapted to be in contact with the skin; an insulating layer carrying said compartment, preferably comprising at least one layer of air retention and at least one reflection layer of the thermal radiation; a coating layer capable of protecting at least one external agent, such as fire and / or water. Thus, thanks to the cooperative assembly of these three layers, a garment of protection against the comfortable heat, which makes it possible to evacuate the sweat and / or to prevent stagnant humidity or frost forms at skin contact. Moreover, a suitable diffusion of cold, via the breathable layer, effectively isolates from the external heat and prevents the diffusion of cold towards the outside of the garment when means of reproduction and / or production of frigories are inserted in the compartment, through the insulating layer. The garment can withstand weather and / or flame, hydrocarbons to certain acids, and more generally to an extreme environment, thanks to the coating layer. In addition, the means of restoring frigories, preferably removable, provide a feeling of freshness to the person wearing the garment, to make his stay in the environment pleasant or at least bearable.

In other words, the novel combination of an insulation layer between the coating layer and the breathable layer and cooling means to compensate for the effect of reducing the amount of heat released by the body that can be exchanged with the ambient air, resulting from the insulation layer, makes it possible to obtain an effective garment against heat, fire and rain and which also makes it possible to ensure thermal regulation and thus very appreciable comfort for the person who wears it. door. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said coating layer is flame retarded.

Thus, the garment is protected from flames. It can include a firefighter intervention jacket.

The layer may retain its flame retardant property of a flame retardant component or adjuvant or have undergone subsequent flame retardant treatment. Advantageously, said coating layer is in the form of a twill comprising at least 35% flame retardant viscose fiber and aramid.

This provides an effective firefighting clothing, lightweight and inexpensive. Preferably, said coating layer is impermeable.

Preferably, said insulation layer comprises at least five layers arranged in this order: first reflection layer, preferably in reinforced polyester and metallized; - first layer of air retention; second reflection layer, preferably made of metallized reinforced polyester; second layer of air retention; third reflection layer, preferably metallized polyester.

By multiplying the number of reflection layers in parallel, it thus creates a protective screen effectively against radiation.

Advantageously, said air retention layer comprises cotton wool. The interleaving of the fibers of the wadding notably forms an insulating air gap. The wadding has many other advantages: it resumes its shape after having been compressed, makes it possible to connect two reflection layers to one another, is washable with water, and constitutes an inexpensive material.

Preferably, at least one of said reflection layers is aluminized. We then benefit from a significant coefficient of thermal reflection.

According to a particular aspect of the invention, said aluminized layer has a plurality of attachment asperities distributed on its side facing said wadding layer, to allow the attachment of said wadding layer to said aluminized layer. According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the inner face of said compartment has an area of at least 200 cm ² , and preferably 225 or 450 cm ² .

The exchange surface with the skin is thus important. In addition, the size of the compartment does not hinder the movements of the person wearing the garment. A surface area of about 225 cm ² will preferably be provided when the garment is dedicated to sports activities, and about 450 cm ² when it is dedicated to iron and steel activities, foundries, or interventions in fires.

Advantageously, said compartment comprises means for retaining said reproduction and / or production means.

Such retaining means, adapted in particular to means of restitution and / or removable production, may for example take the form of a fabric tie, a clip, a hook, a clip, a Velcro tape (Trademark), or a magnetic surface. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, said retaining means comprise means for closing the access opening of said compartment.

This simply retains the means of restitution and / or production inside the compartment. These can also be extracted simply from the compartment by acting on the closing means.

Advantageously, the thermal resistance of said breathable layer is greater than 0.05 m ² .K / W.

Thus, in the presence of the means for restoring and / or producing frigories, it prevents unpleasant contact with the skin, from temperature to the inner surface of the garment too far from the temperature of the skin.

Preferably, said insulation layer has a thermal resistance greater than 2.7 m ² .K / W.

In particular, in a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the value of this resistance is 2.9 m ² .K / W. According to a particular aspect of the invention, said means of restitution and / or production of frigories comprising at least one refrigeration element belonging to the group comprising at least: refrigerated element; - refrigeration by expansion of gas; Peltier refrigeration; absorption and / or adsorption refrigeration; thermoacoustic and / or pulsed gas refrigeration; magnetic or thin film refrigeration. In particular, it is possible to provide a location on the garment for hooking up an independent power supply of some of the cold production elements listed above.

The invention also relates to a garment such as those described above, the compartment of which is a pocket whose inner side is formed by a portion of said breathable layer and the outer side is formed by said thermal insulation layer, and whose means of restitution and / production of frigories comprise at least one refrigeration module configured to have at least a temperature range of -18 ⁰ C to 0 ⁰ C a soft consistency, and arranged to be inserted removably in said pocket between said inner side and said outer side.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said refrigeration module comprises a mixture of a phase change material having a melting / solidification temperature below 0 ^° C. and a plurality of hydrophilic absorbers, said mixture being formed so that, at least over a temperature range of -18 ⁰ C to 0 ⁰ C, the absorbers are not connected to each other by said material when the latter is solidified.

Thus the refrigeration module remains flexible between -18 ⁰ C and 0 ⁰ C.

According to a variant of the invention, the coating layer may be absent and the invention relates to a garment, such as a cooling vest, comprising a front portion and a rear portion, at least one of which delimits at at least one pocket having an access opening and means for closing the access opening, and at least one bag containing a phase change material for cooling the body of the person wearing the vest, the bag being arranged to be releasably inserted into the pocket, the phase change material being contained in the flexible, water-impermeable bag and comprises water and means adapted to provide the bag at least over a temperature range ranging from -18 ⁰ C to 0 ⁰ C a soft consistency, and the pocket having on the inner side at least one breathable layer and the outer side at least one layer of thermal insulation between which is placed the bag when inserted into the pocket.

According to particular embodiments of the invention:

the phase-change material contained in the bag comprises water and hydrophilic absorbers having a discrete shape at least over a temperature range of -18 ^° C. to 0 ^° C. so as to give the bag a soft consistency ;

the bag disposed in the pocket has a flat shape whose largest surface is turned towards the inner side;

the bag is designed to absorb an energy of at least 240 kJ by passing from a determined freezing temperature below 0 ^° C. to a temperature of 0 ^° C.

the bag is arranged to absorb an energy of at least 340 kJ by passing from a determined freezing temperature below 0 ^° C. to a temperature of 0 ^° C.

5. List of Figures The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of nonlimiting example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

- Figure 1 shows schematically in perspective a first example of the refrigerant vest according to the invention; - Figure 2 is a schematic side view of the inside of a pocket of the vest according to Figure 1, wherein a refrigerant bag has been inserted;

- Figure 3 shows schematically in profile an example of configuration of the vest according to Figure 1; FIG. 4 represents an apparatus used to test a refrigerant bag used in the vest according to FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 shows the temperature and heat flow curves of a refrigerant bag as a function of time during the melting of the frozen water that it contains; FIG. 6 shows the temperature and heat flow curves of a refrigerant bag as a function of time during the melting of the frozen water that it contains, with the interposition of a layer of fabric;

FIG. 7A is a perspective view of a second exemplary embodiment of the invention; FIGS. 7B and 7C are views of the outer and inner face of the front plastron of the vest shown in FIG. 7A;

FIG. 7D is a view of the outside face of the back of the vest shown in FIG. 7A;

FIG. 8A is a vertical sectional view along A-A of the front plastron shown in FIG. 7C;

FIG. 8B is a detail view of a section of the insulation layer shown in FIG. 8A;

- Figure 9 illustrates a variant of the second example.

6. Detailed description of an embodiment of the invention 6.1. Recall of the principle of invention

The principle of the inventor is therefore based on the implementation of a "triple-thick" refrigerant garment, arranged to receive in particular removable refrigerant cases, at least a portion of the envelope is made by interposing a layer of insulation between an outer cladding layer and a breathable inner layer. 6.2. First exemplary embodiment of the invention As shown in Figure 1, the vest 1 comprises a front portion 2 to come in front of the belly and the chest of the user and a rear portion 3, intended to come against the back of the user and connected at the top to the front part 2. One or more pockets 10 are in the front portion 2 and / or the rear portion 3. The front portion 2 comprises for example a vertical zipper 8 ranging from from the upper edge 9 bordering the neck to the lower edge 21, to divide the front portion 2 into two halves.

The front portion and the rear portion may be connected laterally by one or more fasteners 30 provided on their lateral edges, to be secured to one another against the bust of the person who has donned the vest 1 and to be separated from the one of the other. The fasteners 30 are for example in the form of straps attached to the right and left to the rear portion 3 and provided with gripping strips 32 for attachment to corresponding strips 31 provided on the front portion 2. These straps are for example elastic for press the vest against the wearer's body. The gripping strips 31, 32 are for example velvet and hooks Velcro type (trademark).

Each pocket 10 has an access opening 5 to introduce a refrigerant bag 6. Means 7 to close each access opening 5, at least when the opening 5 is at the bottom of the pocket 10 to retain the bag 6 , are provided, for example Velcro velcro strips and hooks Velcro type (trademark).

In FIG. 1, the front portion 2 comprises, for example, a first lower opening 51 located near or in the lower edge 21 of the front portion 2, to give access to the interior of a first pocket 101 situated above this opening 51. The pockets may be in the extension of one another from the opening 51 being separated by means 72 closing between them, for example of the same type as the means 7 Velcro-hooking strips and hooks . Thus, a second pocket 102 is located in the front portion 2 above the first pocket 101. The second pocket 102 has a second opening 52 to access from the first pocket 101. The rear portion 3 also comprises a pocket 10, for example wider than the pockets of the front portion 2 and occupying substantially the entire width of the portion 3.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the vest 1 comprises a lower right front pocket 101, an upper right front pocket 102, a lower left front pocket 101b, an upper left front pocket 102b, a lower rear pocket 101c, and an upper back pocket 102c.

The bags 10, 101, 102, hereinafter referred to generally as 10, are provided to each receive one or more refrigerant bags 6, as shown by the arrows in FIG.

As is shown in FIG. 2, the pocket 10 has a cavity 11 delimited by an inner wall 12, that is to say situated on the side 120 facing the user, and an outer wall 13. The walls 12 and 13 are flexible and foldable.

The inner wall 12 of the vest 1 comprises, in the direction from inside to outside, a first breathable layer 121 located on the side 120 of the body of the person wearing the vest, and a second layer 122 delimiting the cavity 11 of the pocket 10 for accommodating a refrigerant bag 6.

The first breathable layer 121 is provided with holes or mesh for the passage of moisture and perspiration from the inside to the outside. The breathable layer 121 is for example a polyester fabric of the brand Coolmax (trademark).

The second layer 122 is for example polyester.

The outer wall 13 comprises, in the direction from inside to outside, a third layer 131 delimiting the cavity 11 of the pocket 10 for accommodating a refrigerant bag 6, at least a fourth layer 132 of insulation thermal and a fifth outer layer 133.

The third layer 131 is for example polyester.

For example, a heat-reflecting layer 1321 is provided as a fourth heat-insulating layer 132, formed for example by an aluminized layer and / or an air-retaining layer 1322, for example made of wadding. In the embodiment shown, the fourth thermal insulation layer 132 comprises the heat reflection layer 1321, formed by the aluminized layer on the side of the layer 131, and the layer 1322 of cotton wool on the side of the outer layer. 133. The aluminized layer is provided with attachment asperities distributed on its side facing the layer 1322, for example by ponçonnage, to allow the attachment of the layer 1322 to the layer 1321.

The outer layer 133 is for example fabric.

In one embodiment, the outer layer 133 is made of PE fabric with Teflon treatment, the wadding 1322 is made of PES with the aluminized face 1321, the inner lining 12 consists of a perforated mesh 121 made of PES and a layer 122 in PES.

In one embodiment, the outer layer 133 is of a flame retardant material for flame resistance or retardant action in fire retardant applications. For example, the outer layer 133 is made of a material of the trademark Nomex (registered trademark).

In another embodiment, the outer layer 133 is made of a material impermeable to water and water vapor, to prevent atmospheric moisture from passing through the outer wall.

In general, the outer layer 133 is made of a non-abrasive material, for example being tefloned on the outer face, to have a better resistance to abrasion.

One or more sixth spacer layer 123 may be provided between the breathable layer 121 and the layer 122. The sixth or additional layer 123 is for example made of the same material as the layer 122. One or more additional seventh layer 134 spacing may be provided between the insulation layer 132 and the layer 131. The seventh or additional layer 134 is for example made of the same material as the layer 131.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the layer 123 of the first pocket 101 is the extension of the layer 122 of the second pocket 102. The layer 134 of the second pocket 102 is an extension of the layer 131 of the first pocket 101. The opening 51 of the pocket 101 is situated in the outer wall 13, at a distance from the edge 21. The opening 52 and its associated closure means 72 are provided between the edge of the layer 122 of the first pocket 101 and the edge of the layer 131 of the second pocket 102. At the openings 51, 52, the closing means 7, 72 are stitched.

The bag 6 disposed in the pocket has a flat shape facing the inside of the vest to adapt to the shape of the pocket in which it is inserted.

The bag 6 contains water and means adapted to give the bag at least a temperature range of -18 ⁰ C to 0 ⁰ C a soft consistency. The bag 6 is formed by a flexible wall 61 impermeable to water. As means adapted to give this flexible form to the bag at a temperature below 0 ⁰ C, it is for example provided in the bag of discrete hydrophilic absorbers hydrated by a liquid containing water. The contents of the bag 6 is mostly water. The wall 61 forms a deformable closed container by simple pressure. The hydrophilic absorbers are formed for example of acrylic polymer granules. The absorbers for example have a size of 1 mm to about 6 mm when dehydrated.

The wall 61 of the bag 6 has a passage 62 for air. This passage 62 is covered by a membrane permeable to air and preventing the contents of the bag from going out. The wall 61 of the bag 6 is for example flexible polyethylene.

The bag 6 is for example a bag of the trademark FIRSTICE (registered trademark).

The contents of the bag 6 is, for example, in accordance with the material described in US-A-5,800,491.

To use the cooling vest 1, the bags 6 are removed from the pockets 5 to be placed in a freezing apparatus at a freezing temperature of the water, therefore less than 0 ^° C., for example at a temperature of less than or equal to 18 ° C.

A conventional freezer can be used for this purpose. The freezing range of the bag in which its content remains flexible ranges from -18 ° C. to 0 ^° C. or from -28 ° C. to 0 ^° C. In the bags 6 set at this freezing temperature, the water initially present in the absorbers migrates outwardly thereof into the bag and freezes outside of these absorbers in the bag.

The bags are conditioned at this temperature of freezing the water for a predetermined period, for example 2 to 4 hours. The contents of the bag 6 are composed of a gelatinous material which is transformed at less than 0 ^° C. into snow crystals. After two hours of melting, the material regains its original gelatinous consistency. In the freezing range at a temperature below 0 ^° C., the material contained in the bag is in the form of snowflakes dissociated from each other with a dimension of less than 1 cm.

Then, a frozen bag 6 is inserted into each pocket 10 of the vest 1, by opening and then closing the openings 5 by the means 7, 72. The user puts on the vest 1. The progressive melting of the water in the frozen bags 6 having been inserted into the vest 1 refreshes the body of the user. During the prior freezing operation, the outflow of the water outside the hydrophilic absorbers is reduced by forming the moisturizing liquid of a water solution and a humectant, such as for example propylene glycol, or ethylene glycol, glycerine, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, or combinations thereof. This humectant decreases the mobility of water outside the hydrophilic absorbers. In one exemplary embodiment, the moisturizing liquid contained in the bag 6 comprises from 80 to 90% of water and from 10 to 20% of propylene glycol by weight.

Due to the limited amount of water that freezes outside the absorbers, the hydrophilic absorbers are prevented from being connected by external frozen water. Much of the water freezes in the hydrophilic absorbers. When the water of the bag thaws, it is reabsorbed by the absorbers.

The contents of the bag thus keep at the freezing temperature and when the water melts a crushed ice consistency that can be deformed by exerting a force on the wall of the bag. The frozen bags 6 thus deform in the vest 1 to adapt to the shape of the body of the user. The bag 6 and its contents remain therefore flexible and deformable when frozen at a temperature below 0 ⁰ C and when they go from the freezing temperature to a temperature above 0 ⁰ C.

A bag 6 as described above was tested with the apparatus shown in FIG. 4. This bag 6 has a content mass of 160 grams, of flat square shape of 15 cm by 15 cm.

The 160 gram bag 6 was thermally insulated and heated by a heat S source having a constant temperature of 35.5 ° C. This temperature of 35.5 ° C corresponds to the temperature usually observed on the body surface of a human being during a physical exercise.

The test apparatus comprises a first temperature sensor C1

T1 between the heat source S and the bag 6. The temperature T1 recorded by this sensor C1 corresponds to the theoretical value of the skin temperature. A second T2 temperature sensor T2 is placed on the other side of the bag 6, that is to say on the face of the bag 6 furthest away from the source S of heat. A heat flux C3 sensor C is placed between the source S of heat and the bag 6 to measure the heat transfer between them. Around the source S of heat and on the bag 6 are arranged thermal insulators I, formed by a bag of polystyrene beads on the bag 6.

The source S of heat is formed by an aluminum tank traversed by water maintained permanently at 35.5 ° C.

FIG. 4 represents the curves of the temperatures T1 and T2 at ⁰ C and of the heat flux F in kW / m ² as a function of time in seconds.

The bag 6 was first frozen for several hours in the manner indicated above. The instant at 0 seconds corresponds to the beginning of the application of the frozen bag 6 against the source S of heat.

In the very first seconds, in contact with the source S maintained at 35.5 ° C, the sensor C1 records a temperature Tl of 20 ⁰ C which very quickly stabilizes at around 33 ⁰ C. After 3000 seconds, the temperature T2 goes to 0 ⁰ C. During the first 3,000 seconds, the temperature T2 of the sensor C2 remains negative between -8 ° C and 0 ^° C. From 3000 seconds, the ice crystals are transformed and the temperature of the bag 6 increases sharply.

The flux F measured corresponds to a quantity of energy absorbed by the bag 6 of 30 kJ.

To lower the body temperature of 70 kg by 1 ° C, 240 kJ is needed.

The vest 1 is therefore sized so as to be able to hold a sufficiently large number of bags 6 in order to be able to absorb an energy greater than 240 kJ. For example, bags of double volume are taken from the bag tested in FIGS. 4 and 5, having for example a rectangular shape of 30 cm by 15 cm. By inserting six of these bags into six pockets of the vest 1, 360 kJ is absorbed, these bags representing a weight of 1560 grams.

However, the bags 6 are not applied directly to the skin of the person wearing the vest, the contact of the plastic material of the bags being uncomfortable and the temperature of the bag being too cold. The vest has at least one layer between each bag and the skin of the person wearing the vest.

The test of FIG. 4 was repeated by interposing between the bag 6 of dimensions 15 cm by 15 cm and the source S of heat a hypoallergenic cotton-loop fabric, the sensors C1 and C3 being under the fabric.

The curves of T1, T2 and F of FIG. 6 were then measured.

The total heat absorbed by the bag 6 is then 21 kJ. There is therefore a 30% reduction in absorbed heat compared with FIG. 5, where the total heat absorbed by the same bag 6 was 30 kJ. This fall in heat flux F is mostly explained by a drop in flow in the first 100 seconds.

The amount of heat absorbed by each bag 6 in the vest 1 is increased by interposing between the bag 6 and the user the breathable layer as described above.

Of course, the invention can be applied to any refrigerant garment at least one pocket where at least one bag 6 is inserted. 6.3. Other examples of embodiment of the invention

FIGS. 7A to 7D illustrate different views of another example of a vest according to the invention, intended to be worn by workers in the steel industry 71. This vest, shown in perspective in FIG. 7A, consists of a front plastron 72 and a back 73. The outer faces of the plastron 72 and the back 73 are shown in Figures 7B and 7D. These two separable parts of the vest are fastened at the level of the shoulders and the waist by Velcro (registered trademark) strips 74, for example of the hook-band type - astrakhan band. Clamping tabs 76 sewn on each side of the back 73 are provided with Velcro straps 741 which allow the vest to be tightened at waist level on the velcro straps Astrakan 742. In order to facilitate removal of the vest, simply detach the straps. Velcro 741 and 742, these tabs 76 are equipped with loops 77 which improve the grip.

As can be seen in FIG. 7C, the inside face of the plastron 72 has a central pocket 75, covering a substantial part of the surface of the plastron.

This pocket 75, with an area of approximately 450 cm ² , can receive a rectangular bag of FIRSTICE mark of dimensions 30 cm x 15 cm. It comprises an access opening on its lateral edge 76 for inserting such a bag and retaining it for example, by closing the bag with the help of a velcro strap provided for this purpose, or to remove it and the replace with another bag. A second pocket of substantially identical size is also provided on the inner face of the back 73.

In variants of this embodiment, the bag 75 may also receive at least one refrigeration element operating by expansion of a gas, or according to the principle of the Peltier effect, the absorption refrigeration and / or adsorption, thermoacoustic and / or pulsed gas refrigeration, or magnetic or thin-film refrigerators. In particular, it allows to accommodate, if the refrigeration element requires it, an autonomous power supply such as a battery. As represented in FIG. 8A, in a vertical sectional view along AA of the front plastron 72 shown in FIGS. 7B and 7C, the thickness of the plastron 72 consists of three successive main layers 81, 82, 83.

Its inner face, in contact with the skin is thus formed of a breathable first layer 81 perforated mesh having passages to allow to evacuate perspiration and / or moisture out of the garment.

This first layer 81 is for example obtained in a machine washable stitch composed of 60% polyester and 40% cotton, and surface treated to prevent discoloration resulting from the action of sweat. Preferably it meets the criterion of class Fl according to the NF standard for smoke toxicity.

The outer surface of the bag 75 is formed by a portion of this layer 81. In order to prevent the contact of the refrigerated bag with the skin through the layer 81 of the bag being unpleasant, the inventors have also discovered that the The higher thermal resistance of the layer 81 should preferably be greater than 0.05 m ² .K / W.

A taffeta lining made from cotton and polyester 84, sewn on the insulation layer 82 constitutes its inner surface.

The second layer 82, which makes it possible to isolate the body from the external heat and to prevent too much loss of the cold stored in the bag towards the outside of the vest, is advantageously made in a single piece to avoid the phenomena of thermal bridge ". It is held at the shoulders by a sting of maintenance.

This layer is obtained by assembling five superimposed layers 821 to 825, pressed together, alternating a layer 821, 823, or 825 of thermal radiation reflection, in aluminized polyester, with an air retention layer 822 or 824 formed of wadding, as can be seen in the detail view illustrated in FIG. 8B. In this embodiment of the invention, the layers 821 and 823 are also armed. This particular superposition of layers gives it a thermal resistance greater than 2.7 m ² .K / W, which reaches for example 2.9 m ² .K / W in this embodiment of the invention. It also proves to be as effective in heat transfer by heat radiation as in convective heat transport.

The outer coating layer 83 forms fire protection. This third layer is made in a twill comprising, for example, 50% flame retardant viscose fiber and 50% Kermel fibers (Trade Mark) based on polyamide-imide. In a variant of this embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 9, a removable neck may be added to the vest.

As illustrated in FIG. 9, this neck 91 has a velcro strap 92 enabling it to be attached to the inside of the back 93 of the vest, to a second velcro band 94 sewn at the neck of the vest. This collar 91 has the same multi-layer structure as the breastplate or the back. A compartment 95 is in particular provided for receiving a refrigerant bag. The opening of this compartment can be closed using, for example, a zipper.

Claims

1. Heat protection garment comprising at least one compartment configured to receive means for restitution and / or production of frigories, characterized in that at least a portion of said garment comprises at least three layers arranged in this order: a breathable layer adapted to be in contact with the skin; an insulation layer carrying said compartment, preferably comprising at least one layer (1322) of air retention and at least one layer (1321) of heat reflection; a coating layer capable of protecting at least one external agent, such as fire and / or water.

2. Heat protection garment according to claim 1, characterized in that said coating layer is flame retarded.

3. Heat-protective garment according to claim 2, characterized in that said coating layer is in the form of a twill comprising at least 35% flame retardant viscose fiber and aramid.

4. A heat protection garment according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said coating layer is impermeable.

5. Protective garment against heat according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said insulation layer comprises at least five layers arranged in this order: first reflective layer, preferably reinforced polyester and metallized; first layer of air retention; second reflection layer, preferably made of metallized reinforced polyester; second layer of air retention; third reflection layer, preferably metallized polyester.

The heat protection garment of any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said air retention layer (1322) comprises wadding.

7. heat protection garment according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one of said reflection layers is aluminized.

8. The protective clothing against heat according to claims 6 and 7, characterized in that said aluminized layer has a plurality of attachment asperities distributed on its face facing said batting layer (1322), to allow the fixation of said wadding layer (1322) to said aluminized layer (1321).

9. Protective garment against heat according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the inner face of said compartment has an area of at least 200 cm ² , and preferably 225 or 450 cm ² .

10. Protective garment against heat according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said compartment comprises means for retaining said means of restitution and / or production.

11. The protective clothing against heat according to claim 10, characterized in that said retaining means comprise means for closing the access opening of said compartment.

12. Heat-protection garment according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the thermal resistance of said breathable layer is greater than 0.05 m ² .K / W.

13. The heat protection garment according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that said insulation layer has a thermal resistance greater than 2.7 m ² .K / W.

14. Protective garment against heat according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that said means for restitution and / or production of frigories comprising at least one refrigeration element belonging to the group comprising at least: - refrigeration by gas expansion; Peltier refrigeration; absorption and / or adsorption refrigeration; thermoacoustic and / or pulsed gas refrigeration; magnetic or thin film refrigeration.

15. The heat protection garment according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that said compartment is a pocket whose inner side is formed by a portion of said breathable layer (121) and the outer side is formed by said layer (132) of thermal insulation, and in that said means for restitution and / or production of frigories comprise at least one refrigeration module configured to have at least a temperature range of -18 ⁰ C 0 ⁰ C a soft consistency, and arranged to be removably inserted into said pocket (10) between said inner side and said outer side.

16. Protective clothing according to claim 15, characterized in that said refrigeration module comprises a mixture of a phase change material having a melting / solidification temperature below 0 ⁰ C and a plurality of hydrophilic absorbers said mixture being formed so that, at least over a temperature range of -18 ⁰ C to 0 ⁰ C, the absorbers are not interconnected by said material when the latter is solidified.