WO2009144434A1 - Improvements in or relating to joints and/or implants - Google Patents
Improvements in or relating to joints and/or implants Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009144434A1 WO2009144434A1 PCT/GB2008/003027 GB2008003027W WO2009144434A1 WO 2009144434 A1 WO2009144434 A1 WO 2009144434A1 GB 2008003027 W GB2008003027 W GB 2008003027W WO 2009144434 A1 WO2009144434 A1 WO 2009144434A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- solid
- load
- regions
- implant
- joint part
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/002—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature
- B22F7/004—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature comprising at least one non-porous part
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/3094—Designing or manufacturing processes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
- A61F2/36—Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
- A61F2/36—Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
- A61F2/3662—Femoral shafts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
- A61F2/36—Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
- A61F2/3662—Femoral shafts
- A61F2/367—Proximal or metaphyseal parts of shafts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
- A61F2/36—Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
- A61F2/3662—Femoral shafts
- A61F2/3672—Intermediate parts of shafts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
- A61F2/36—Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
- A61F2/3662—Femoral shafts
- A61F2/3676—Distal or diaphyseal parts of shafts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30003—Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis
- A61F2002/30004—Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis the prosthesis being made from materials having different values of a given property at different locations within the same prosthesis
- A61F2002/30011—Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis the prosthesis being made from materials having different values of a given property at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in porosity
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30003—Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis
- A61F2002/3006—Properties of materials and coating materials
- A61F2002/30062—(bio)absorbable, biodegradable, bioerodable, (bio)resorbable, resorptive
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30317—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis
- A61F2002/30322—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in surface structures
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
- A61F2/30771—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
- A61F2002/30838—Microstructures
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
- A61F2002/3092—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth having an open-celled or open-pored structure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/3094—Designing or manufacturing processes
- A61F2/30942—Designing or manufacturing processes for designing or making customized prostheses, e.g. using templates, CT or NMR scans, finite-element analysis or CAD-CAM techniques
- A61F2002/30962—Designing or manufacturing processes for designing or making customized prostheses, e.g. using templates, CT or NMR scans, finite-element analysis or CAD-CAM techniques using stereolithography
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
- A61F2/36—Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
- A61F2/3609—Femoral heads or necks; Connections of endoprosthetic heads or necks to endoprosthetic femoral shafts
- A61F2002/3611—Heads or epiphyseal parts of femur
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2210/00—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2210/0004—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof bioabsorbable
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
- A61F2250/0023—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in porosity
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
- A61F2250/0026—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in surface structures
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
- A61F2310/00011—Metals or alloys
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
- A61F2310/00011—Metals or alloys
- A61F2310/00017—Iron- or Fe-based alloys, e.g. stainless steel
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
- A61F2310/00011—Metals or alloys
- A61F2310/00023—Titanium or titanium-based alloys, e.g. Ti-Ni alloys
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
- A61F2310/00011—Metals or alloys
- A61F2310/00029—Cobalt-based alloys, e.g. Co-Cr alloys or Vitallium
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
- A61F2310/00179—Ceramics or ceramic-like structures
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
- A61F2310/00179—Ceramics or ceramic-like structures
- A61F2310/00185—Ceramics or ceramic-like structures based on metal oxides
- A61F2310/00203—Ceramics or ceramic-like structures based on metal oxides containing alumina or aluminium oxide
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
- A61F2310/00179—Ceramics or ceramic-like structures
- A61F2310/00185—Ceramics or ceramic-like structures based on metal oxides
- A61F2310/00239—Ceramics or ceramic-like structures based on metal oxides containing zirconia or zirconium oxide ZrO2
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
- A61F2310/00179—Ceramics or ceramic-like structures
- A61F2310/00293—Ceramics or ceramic-like structures containing a phosphorus-containing compound, e.g. apatite
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
- A61F2310/00329—Glasses, e.g. bioglass
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49764—Method of mechanical manufacture with testing or indicating
- Y10T29/49778—Method of mechanical manufacture with testing or indicating with aligning, guiding, or instruction
- Y10T29/4978—Assisting assembly or disassembly
Definitions
- This invention relates to joints and joint parts for medical and non-medical use and to implants suitable for implanting in a human body in place of bone, and also to methods of making such joints or implants.
- the invention is more particularly, but not exclusively, directed to joint- parts, for example, ball and socket joints, for use in all kinds of applications, including non-medical applications and to load-bearing implants that are able to be implanted without the use of cement and provide a major part of, or the whole of, one part of a joint, for example a component of a hip, knee, ankle, shoulder, elbow or wrist .
- the particular requirements of an implant suitable for implanting in a human body vary very much according to the application. Broadly there are two kinds of bone implant.
- implants of this kind which may be used for small reconstruction and repair applications, do not themselves have great structural strength and are often in the form of thin sheets or blocks.
- implants of this kind which may be used for small reconstruction and repair applications, do not themselves have great structural strength and are often in the form of thin sheets or blocks.
- Such implants are often of a particular curved shape and may be required to bear substantial loads; in that respect, their strength is important, but it is also important that they can be fixed securely in position; such fixing can be carried out by using a suitable cement but it is preferred where possible to provide an implant which can be integrated into existing bone material through natural incursion of biological tissue into one or more portions of the implant.
- a load bearing implant Key properties of a load bearing implant are its mechanical strength and its porosity.
- a common approach when creating an implant is to adopt a trial and error approach to finding an implant with desired porosity and strength characteristics.
- a first prototype implant may be made and its physical properties tested.
- a modified version of the prototype may be manufactured with an altered structure to effect a change to the porosity and/or strength of the implant.
- a difficulty that is often encountered in this process is seeking to assess quantitatively the effect on porosity and strength of a given change in the structure. That applies when the structure is of uniform strength and porosity throughout, but it is all the more problematic where it is desired to provide variation in the porosity and/or strength of the implant from one region of the structure to another.
- a joint part having a porous portion that is defined by a multiplicity of solid regions where material is present and a remaining multiplicity of pore regions where material is absent, the locations of at least most of the multiplicity of solid regions being defined by one or more mathematical functions.
- the invention further provides a joint including a joint part as defined immediately above.
- a 5 load-bearing implant having a porous portion that is defined by a multiplicity of solid regions where material is present and a remaining multiplicity of pore regions where material is absent, the locations of at least most of the multiplicity of regions where material is present being
- a load-bearing implant having a porous portion defined by a multiplicity of solid regions where material is present and a remaining multiplicity of pore
- the method including the step of depositing solid material in the multiplicity of solid regions during a process of solid freeform fabrication in which one or more mathematical functions are used to determine at least most of the multiplicity of 0 regions where material is present.
- the method of the invention further includes the step of modifying one or more of the mathematical functions to vary the porosity and/or strength of the porous portion, calculating the porosity and/or strength of the modified porous portion and making the joint part or implant with the modified porous portion, the method including the step of depositing solid material during a process of solid freeform fabrication in which the one or more modified mathematical functions are used to determine at least most of the multiplicity of regions where material is present.
- joint part or implant it is within the scope of the invention for some portion (s) of the joint part or implant to be defined in a non-mathematical way, but in a preferred embodiment of the invention all the solid regions of the joint part or implant are defined mathematically.
- solid freeform fabrication there are many known methods of this kind and that the invention is not limited to any particular kind of such fabrication, nor indeed is i ' t concerned with which method is adopted. Any appropriate method may be employed.
- SSF solid freeform fabrication
- material is laid down in a multiplicity of thin layers each layer being laid in a respective pattern and fixed to the layer below. In that way a three dimensional shape of any desired kind, including re-entrant surfaces and the like can be formed.
- Machines which provide for solid freeform fabrication are sometimes referred to as rapid prototyping machines, but it should be understood that in the present invention the products produced may not only be prototypes but also final products.
- the one or more mathematical functions define a periodic nodal surface as a boundary surface between solid and pore regions.
- Suitable periodic nodal surfaces are triply periodic surfaces, namely the primitive (P) surface, the diamond (D) surface and the gyroid (G) surface. Mathematically, those surfaces arise from defining a surface S between the solid and pore regions
- F(X) O XeR 3 where X is a point of coordinates x, y and z.
- a porosity gradient may be introduced into a structure by adding a linear term to the above equation.
- a radial porosity gradient may be introduced using a radial term in a cylindrical geometry.
- a trigonometric polynomial may be used for the definition of the function F(X), which can be written as a sum of d terms : d
- the interconnectivity order refers to how many struts depart from each node of the lattice.
- a primitive surface may also be referred to as a cubic surface and a diamond surface may also be referred to as a tetrahedral surface.
- a set of inequalities for defining a gyroidal (G) structure is given as one example of an appropriate mathematical function.
- roughness can be introduced into the above equations as a term with a higher angular frequency.
- the curvature may be changed locally.
- introducing such roughness in biological applications may improve cell adhesion and growth.
- the joint part or implant may be made of a metal material and this may most commonly be the case, but the invention may be employed with any of a wide variety of materials. For example, it has recently become feasible to deposit ceramic materials using a solid freeform fabrication technique and the implant of the invention may thus be formed of ceramic material. As well it is possible to deposit polymeric materials using a solid freeform fabrication technique and the implant of the invention may thus be formed also of polymeric material. Examples of metal materials that may be employed include: stainless steel; titanium alloys; and cobalt chrome alloys.
- Ceramic materials examples include: calcium phosphate based materials such as ones including calcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate (TCP) , hydroxyapatite (HA) , HA/TCP blends, HA/barium titanate blends, ion substituted HA and bioglass; zirconia; alumina; and zirconia toughened alumina.
- examples of polymeric materials that may be employed are ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) ; blends of UHMWPE with ceramic material; polyurethanes; silicones; polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA); and bioresorbable polymers.
- UHMWPE ultra high molecular weight polyethylene
- the joint part or implant may consist exclusively of the porous portion or it may also include a solid portion.
- the latter is more usual.
- the "solid" portion may have some level of porosity, provided the level is substantially less than the porosity of the porous portion, but preferably the solid portion has no porosity.
- the porous portion preferably has a porosity, which may be no porosity, in the region bordering the solid region substantially equal to the porosity of the solid -region and increases in porosity away from the solid portion.
- the increase in porosity is preferably gradual and more preferably without any discontinuity. It is a particular advantage of the present invention that it can" become a straightforward matter to avoid discontinuities in physical properties of the porous portion and thereby enable regions of especially high stress to be avoided. Thus there may be a continuous change in porosity through a region of the joint part or implant.
- the solid portion preferably has a curved bearing surface.
- the solid portion may define a cup, which may provide part or all of the socket of a ball and socket joint; in this case the cup may have a concave load bearing, cup portion which is solid and may have a porous portion extending outwardly from the cup portion to a peripheral outer surface.
- the solid portion may define a ball, which may provide part or all of the ball of a ball and socket joint; in this case the ball may have a convex load bearing ball portion which is solid and may have a porous portion extending away from the ball portion.
- the ball head of the ball and socket joint needs to be as highly polished and smooth as possible to reduce friction and wear.
- the invention may for example be applied to the proximal (upper) portion, for example the upper third, of the femoral stem. Such an arrangement can promote bone ingrowth and enhanced fixation in the femur where it is desirable and needed.
- a bearing surface of the joint part may be porous, for example to provide a path for lubricant to reach the bearing surfaces.
- the solid portion may be formed by the solid freeform fabrication technique, and the solid portion and the porous portion are preferably made in one piece.
- the method of the invention may be one in which the joint part or implant includes a solid portion and a porous portion, the solid portion and the porous portion being formed in the same process of solid freeform fabrication to provide a one-piece integrated structure.
- the invention may, for ' example, be employed in an orthopaedic. or dental application.
- the invention may be employed in an acetabular cup for a hip joint.
- the invention may provide an acetabular cup having an inner . cup-shaped surface and a porous portion that extends outwardly to a peripheral outer porous surface, the porous portion being defined by a multiplicity of solid regions where material is present and a remaining multiplicity of pore regions where material is absent, at least most of the multiplicity of regions where material is present being defined by one or more mathematical functions.
- the invention may provide a method of making an acetabular cup, having an inner cup-shaped surface and a porous portion that extends outwardly to a peripheral outer porous surface, the porous portion being defined by a multiplicity of solid regions where material is present and a remaining multiplicity of pore regions where material is absent, the method including the step of depositing solid material in the multiplicity of solid regions during a process of solid freeform fabrication in which one or more mathematical functions are used to determine at least most of the multiplicity of regions where material is present.
- Fig. 1 is a view of a complete acetabular cup
- Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the acetabular cup
- Fig. 3 is an end view of the acetabular cup
- Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a rapid prototyping process suitable for forming the acetabular cup of Fig. 3;
- Fig. 5 is an isometric view of a basic cubic shape generated from modelling a primitive (P) surface
- Fig. 6 is an isometric view of a basic cubic shape generated from modelling a diamond (D) surface
- Fig. 7 is an isometric view of a basic cubic shape generated from modelling a gyroid (G) surface; and Fig. 8 is a partly exploded sectional view of a hip joint.
- Figs. 1 to 3 show, by way of example, the application of the invention to one particular implant, namely an acetabular cup.
- the complete cup is shown in Fig. 1 and generally comprises an inner cup-shaped portion 1 and an outer porous portion 2.
- the inner cup-shaped portion 1 has a generally hemispherical concave surface 3 which provides a bearing surface of the socket of a hip joint.
- the inner cup-shaped portion 1 is not porous and has a thickness chosen to impart sufficient strength and rigidity to the bearing surface 3.
- the porous portion 2 has a porosity which increases gradually from zero to a significant level toward an outer surface 4 of the cup. The sizes of the individual pores also increase toward the outer surface 4 of the cup.
- Three dimensional modelling of a part such as the porous portion 2 is traditionally carried out by adding primitives such as spheres, cylinders, boxes and other shapes, by rotating two dimensional shapes to form solids of revolution, and by making use of Boolean operations such as union, intersection or subtraction on the solids created. Parts created in this manner will then have measurable values of porosity and strength, but it is not easy to predict how altering the part will alter its porosity and shape, nor is it easy to provide for a continuous smooth transition in the properties of the -part from one region to another.
- the three dimensional modelling of the acetabular cup is carried out using mathematical functions. The functions chosen can be relatively simple whilst -still providing the desired properties.
- G gyroid
- the constants ai to a ⁇ are chosen according to the particular surface of given topology that is to be defined.
- the constants ai to a ⁇ may be used to control the global porosity or the neck diameter to node radius ratio.
- the scale factor i.e. the pore size
- the porous portion defined by the Primitive surface has the topological characteristic of 6 struts per node
- the diamond surface has the topological characteristic of 4 struts per node
- the gyroid surface has the topological characteristic of 3 struts per node (the minimum) .
- These surfaces can be used, in accordance with the invention, to define the boundary between the solid material and the pores. In that way a complex structure can be defined in relatively simple mathematical terms! It is then possible to modify the structure by adjustment of the constants ai to a.$, and to analyse the changes in porosity and strength that any such changes to the constants cause.
- acetabular cup defined by gyroid (G) surfaces is shown. More specifically the locations of the solid regions of the cup are defined by the following set of inequalities : z>0 x 2 +y 2 +z 2 >r 2 cos r sin n ⁇ + cos n ⁇ sin n ⁇ + cos n ⁇ sin r + ⁇ r -b ⁇ 0 where with the parameters: r, internal radius of the porous portion of the cup n circumferential resolution (number of features) a porosity gradient b porosity offset
- Figs. 1 to 3 Shapes that can be generated by these inequalities are shown in Figs. 1 to 3. As can be seen the porosity of the porous portions and the sizes of the pores increase outwardly, facilitating the natural incursion of material into the implant when it is in use and thus providing secure fixing of the implant.
- the porosity gradient can readily be changed simply by changing the value of a in the inequality above and the porosity offset, that is the thickness of the inner, non-porous part, can readily be changed simply by changing the value of b in the inequality above.
- the locations of the solid regions are defined by simple mathematical functions it is straightforward to program a rapid prototyping machine to make the cup. For example machines using Laser or electron beam energy sources to melt the raw material in powder may be employed. As will be understood those machines can make the entire cup of Fig. 1, including both the solid inner portion and the porous outer portion, in a single process.
- Fig. 4 shows in schematic form one example of a rapid prototyping machine' that may be used to make the shapes shown in Figs. 1 to 3 and other shapes.
- powder material 20 from which the shaped part is to be formed is stored in a cylindrical chamber 21.
- powder material can be transferred by a roller 24 into a cylindrical chamber 25.
- the bottom of the chamber 25 is defined by a piston 26 and each time the piston 22 is raised by one step, the piston 26 is lowered by one step and a new layer of .powder material deposited in the top of the chamber 25.
- a laser 27 and scanner 28 apply a beam of narrowly focussed energy onto the top layer of powder in the chamber 25 in a two dimensional pattern determined by the machine.
- Fig. 4 shows one form of rapid prototyping machine, simply by way of example. Many other forms of machine may also be used.
- the particular shape shown is one generated from modelling a gyroid (G) surface.
- Primitive (P) surfaces and diamond (D) surfaces are also been made above.
- Figs. 5 to 7 show basic cubic shapes generated from modelling a primitive (P) surface, a diamond (D) surface and a gyroid (G) surface.
- FIG. 8 shows a hip joint in which a femoral stem 30 is implanted in the top of a femur 31 and carries a coated ball joint 32 on the top of the stem. The joint 32 is received in a coated acetabular cup 33.
- An upper portion 34 of the femoral stem 30 may be formed of porous material and may advantageously be of varying porosity. By making the femoral stem in accordance with the invention the porosity gradient in the portion 34 of the stem 30 can readily be controlled.
- One particular way in which the invention may be employed involves the following steps:
- step 1 using the same mathematical function but with at least one constant in the mathematical function changed to produce a part having different physical properties. 4. Optionally, repeating step 3 with other values of constant .
Abstract
A joint part (1) has a porous portion (2) that is defined by a multiplicity of solid regions where material is present and a remaining multiplicity of pore regions where material is absent, the locations of at least most of the multiplicity of solid regions being defined by one or more mathematical functions. The nature of the porous portion can be varied systematically by changing one or more constants in the mathematical functions and the part is made by a process of solid freeform fabrication.
Description
Improvements in or relating to joints and/or implants
This invention relates to joints and joint parts for medical and non-medical use and to implants suitable for implanting in a human body in place of bone, and also to methods of making such joints or implants. The invention is more particularly, but not exclusively, directed to joint- parts, for example, ball and socket joints, for use in all kinds of applications, including non-medical applications and to load-bearing implants that are able to be implanted without the use of cement and provide a major part of, or the whole of, one part of a joint, for example a component of a hip, knee, ankle, shoulder, elbow or wrist . The particular requirements of an implant suitable for implanting in a human body vary very much according to the application. Broadly there are two kinds of bone implant. Firstly, there are those that are used in tissue engineering applications to provide a scaffold in which bone tissue may be encouraged to grow; implants of this kind, which may be used for small reconstruction and repair applications, do not themselves have great structural strength and are often in the form of thin sheets or blocks. Secondly, there are those that are used to replace all or part of a joint, or in other load bearing applications. Such implants are often of a particular curved shape and may be required to bear substantial loads; in that respect, their strength is important, but it is
also important that they can be fixed securely in position; such fixing can be carried out by using a suitable cement but it is preferred where possible to provide an implant which can be integrated into existing bone material through natural incursion of biological tissue into one or more portions of the implant. Considerations of the kind just described may lead to implants of composite construction, with a first part having the necessary strength and other properties to enable it to act as part of a joint and a second part formed separately from the first part and being able to be integrated into, and thus fixed securely to, adjacent or surrounding bone material.
Key properties of a load bearing implant are its mechanical strength and its porosity. A common approach when creating an implant is to adopt a trial and error approach to finding an implant with desired porosity and strength characteristics. Thus a first prototype implant may be made and its physical properties tested. Thereafter a modified version of the prototype may be manufactured with an altered structure to effect a change to the porosity and/or strength of the implant. A difficulty that is often encountered in this process is seeking to assess quantitatively the effect on porosity and strength of a given change in the structure. That applies when the structure is of uniform strength and porosity throughout, but it is all the more problematic where it is desired to provide variation in the porosity and/or strength of the implant from one region of the structure to another.
In a paper entitled "Fabrication methods of porous metals for use in orthopaedic applications" by Ryan, Pandit and Apatsidis published in Biomaterials 27 (2006) 2651- 2670, a range of methods of making metal implants are reviewed. Those methods include one using rapid prototyping technology to create porous shapes from a multiplicity of cubic elements. Whilst using such rapid prototyping technology as taught in the paper can speed up the production of an implant, it does not make it any easier to adjust the characteristics of the implant in a predictable and systematic manner, for example to effect a preselected increase in the porosity of the implant. Rapid prototyping techniques are used in a wide variety of applications including many non-medical applications and the disadvantage of not being able easily to predict the characteristics of a product made by such techniques is disadvantageous in those applications too.
It is an object of the invention to provide an improved joint part and an improved method of making a joint part.
It is a further object of the invention to provide an improved implant and to provide an improved method of making an implant.
According to the invention there is provided a joint part having a porous portion that is defined by a multiplicity of solid regions where material is present and a remaining multiplicity of pore regions where material is absent, the locations of at least most of the multiplicity
of solid regions being defined by one or more mathematical functions. The invention further provides a joint including a joint part as defined immediately above.
According to the invention there is also provided a 5 load-bearing implant having a porous portion that is defined by a multiplicity of solid regions where material is present and a remaining multiplicity of pore regions where material is absent, the locations of at least most of the multiplicity of regions where material is present being
10. defined by one or more mathematical functions.
According to the invention there is further provided a method of making a load-bearing implant having a porous portion defined by a multiplicity of solid regions where material is present and a remaining multiplicity of pore
15 regions where material is absent, the method including the step of depositing solid material in the multiplicity of solid regions during a process of solid freeform fabrication in which one or more mathematical functions are used to determine at least most of the multiplicity of 0 regions where material is present.
By defining the solid regions mathematically, it becomes much simpler to vary the nature of the porous portion in a systematic way that will have predictable results in terms of its effect on mechanical strength and 5 porosity. It is only necessary to change the values of one or more constants in the mathematical functions defining the solid regions and an implant with different and varying characteristics of porosity and strength can readily be
produced. Where reference is made to determining regions where material is present, it should be understood that this may involve determining all the regions where material is absent (the negative image) or it may involve (as in a preferred embodiment of the invention described below) determining the boundary surface of the solid regions.
Preferably, the method of the invention further includes the step of modifying one or more of the mathematical functions to vary the porosity and/or strength of the porous portion, calculating the porosity and/or strength of the modified porous portion and making the joint part or implant with the modified porous portion, the method including the step of depositing solid material during a process of solid freeform fabrication in which the one or more modified mathematical functions are used to determine at least most of the multiplicity of regions where material is present.
It is within the scope of the invention for some portion (s) of the joint part or implant to be defined in a non-mathematical way, but in a preferred embodiment of the invention all the solid regions of the joint part or implant are defined mathematically.
Where reference is made herein to solid freeform fabrication, it should be understood that there are many known methods of this kind and that the invention is not limited to any particular kind of such fabrication, nor indeed is i't concerned with which method is adopted. Any appropriate method may be employed. Typically, in a solid
freeform fabrication (SSF) , material is laid down in a multiplicity of thin layers each layer being laid in a respective pattern and fixed to the layer below. In that way a three dimensional shape of any desired kind, including re-entrant surfaces and the like can be formed. Machines which provide for solid freeform fabrication are sometimes referred to as rapid prototyping machines, but it should be understood that in the present invention the products produced may not only be prototypes but also final products.
Preferably the one or more mathematical functions define a periodic nodal surface as a boundary surface between solid and pore regions. Suitable periodic nodal surfaces are triply periodic surfaces, namely the primitive (P) surface, the diamond (D) surface and the gyroid (G) surface. Mathematically, those surfaces arise from defining a surface S between the solid and pore regions
S: F(X)= O XeR3 where X is a point of coordinates x, y and z. A porosity gradient may be introduced into a structure by adding a linear term to the above equation. Alternatively or , additionally, a radial porosity gradient may be introduced using a radial term in a cylindrical geometry. A trigonometric polynomial may be used for the definition of the function F(X), which can be written as a sum of d terms :
d
\ + ∑ Σac sin' JC- sin y j/ - sin* z - cos' jt - cos"' >> - cos" z i,j,k,l,m,n = 0,1 c=l
That gives rise to the above-mentioned primitive, diamond and gyroid surfaces having interconnectivity orders equal to 6, 4 and 3 respectively. From a topological point of view, the interconnectivity order refers to how many struts depart from each node of the lattice. A primitive surface may also be referred to as a cubic surface and a diamond surface may also be referred to as a tetrahedral surface. In an example of the invention defined below, a set of inequalities for defining a gyroidal (G) structure is given as one example of an appropriate mathematical function.
Optionally, roughness can be introduced into the above equations as a term with a higher angular frequency. Thus the curvature may be changed locally. For example, introducing such roughness in biological applications may improve cell adhesion and growth.
The joint part or implant may be made of a metal material and this may most commonly be the case, but the invention may be employed with any of a wide variety of materials. For example, it has recently become feasible to deposit ceramic materials using a solid freeform fabrication technique and the implant of the invention may thus be formed of ceramic material. As well it is possible to deposit polymeric materials using a solid freeform fabrication technique and the implant of the invention may thus be formed also of polymeric material. Examples of metal materials that may be employed include: stainless
steel; titanium alloys; and cobalt chrome alloys. Examples of ceramic materials that may be employed include: calcium phosphate based materials such as ones including calcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate (TCP) , hydroxyapatite (HA) , HA/TCP blends, HA/barium titanate blends, ion substituted HA and bioglass; zirconia; alumina; and zirconia toughened alumina. Examples of polymeric materials that may be employed are ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) ; blends of UHMWPE with ceramic material; polyurethanes; silicones; polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA); and bioresorbable polymers.
The joint part or implant may consist exclusively of the porous portion or it may also include a solid portion. The latter is more usual. The "solid" portion may have some level of porosity, provided the level is substantially less than the porosity of the porous portion, but preferably the solid portion has no porosity. The porous portion preferably has a porosity, which may be no porosity, in the region bordering the solid region substantially equal to the porosity of the solid -region and increases in porosity away from the solid portion. The increase in porosity is preferably gradual and more preferably without any discontinuity. It is a particular advantage of the present invention that it can" become a straightforward matter to avoid discontinuities in physical properties of the porous portion and thereby enable regions of especially high stress to be avoided. Thus there may be
a continuous change in porosity through a region of the joint part or implant.
The solid portion preferably has a curved bearing surface. For example, the solid portion may define a cup, which may provide part or all of the socket of a ball and socket joint; in this case the cup may have a concave load bearing, cup portion which is solid and may have a porous portion extending outwardly from the cup portion to a peripheral outer surface. Similarly, the solid portion may define a ball, which may provide part or all of the ball of a ball and socket joint; in this case the ball may have a convex load bearing ball portion which is solid and may have a porous portion extending away from the ball portion. By way of example, for a femoral head, the ball head of the ball and socket joint needs to be as highly polished and smooth as possible to reduce friction and wear. However, the invention may for example be applied to the proximal (upper) portion, for example the upper third, of the femoral stem. Such an arrangement can promote bone ingrowth and enhanced fixation in the femur where it is desirable and needed.
For a joint part for use in other applications, especially non-medical applications, it may be acceptable or even desirable for a bearing surface of the joint part to be porous, for example to provide a path for lubricant to reach the bearing surfaces.
In the case where the joint part or implant includes a solid portion, the solid portion may be formed by the solid
freeform fabrication technique, and the solid portion and the porous portion are preferably made in one piece. Thus, the method of the invention may be one in which the joint part or implant includes a solid portion and a porous portion, the solid portion and the porous portion being formed in the same process of solid freeform fabrication to provide a one-piece integrated structure.
The invention may, for 'example, be employed in an orthopaedic. or dental application. In particular, the invention may be employed in an acetabular cup for a hip joint. Thus, in an especially preferred form the invention may provide an acetabular cup having an inner . cup-shaped surface and a porous portion that extends outwardly to a peripheral outer porous surface, the porous portion being defined by a multiplicity of solid regions where material is present and a remaining multiplicity of pore regions where material is absent, at least most of the multiplicity of regions where material is present being defined by one or more mathematical functions. Similarly, the invention may provide a method of making an acetabular cup, having an inner cup-shaped surface and a porous portion that extends outwardly to a peripheral outer porous surface, the porous portion being defined by a multiplicity of solid regions where material is present and a remaining multiplicity of pore regions where material is absent, the method including the step of depositing solid material in the multiplicity of solid regions during a process of solid freeform fabrication in which one or more mathematical functions are
used to determine at least most of the multiplicity of regions where material is present.
Whilst certain features of the invention have been described in relation to a bone implant or joint part and not described in relation to a method of making an implant or joint part, it should be understood that those features may be used in the method. Similarly features described only in relation to the method may also be applied to an implant according to the invention. Finally, features described in relation to a bone implant may be used in a joint part and vice versa.
By way of example embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings of which: Fig. 1 is a view of a complete acetabular cup;
Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the acetabular cup;
Fig. 3 is an end view of the acetabular cup;
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a rapid prototyping process suitable for forming the acetabular cup of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is an isometric view of a basic cubic shape generated from modelling a primitive (P) surface;
Fig. 6 is an isometric view of a basic cubic shape generated from modelling a diamond (D) surface;
Fig. 7 is an isometric view of a basic cubic shape generated from modelling a gyroid (G) surface; and
Fig. 8 is a partly exploded sectional view of a hip joint.
Figs. 1 to 3 show, by way of example, the application of the invention to one particular implant, namely an acetabular cup. The complete cup is shown in Fig. 1 and generally comprises an inner cup-shaped portion 1 and an outer porous portion 2. The inner cup-shaped portion 1 has a generally hemispherical concave surface 3 which provides a bearing surface of the socket of a hip joint. The inner cup-shaped portion 1 is not porous and has a thickness chosen to impart sufficient strength and rigidity to the bearing surface 3. The porous portion 2 has a porosity which increases gradually from zero to a significant level toward an outer surface 4 of the cup. The sizes of the individual pores also increase toward the outer surface 4 of the cup.
Three dimensional modelling of a part such as the porous portion 2 is traditionally carried out by adding primitives such as spheres, cylinders, boxes and other shapes, by rotating two dimensional shapes to form solids of revolution, and by making use of Boolean operations such as union, intersection or subtraction on the solids created. Parts created in this manner will then have measurable values of porosity and strength, but it is not easy to predict how altering the part will alter its porosity and shape, nor is it easy to provide for a continuous smooth transition in the properties of the -part from one region to another.
In accordance with the present invention, the three dimensional modelling of the acetabular cup is carried out using mathematical functions. The functions chosen can be relatively simple whilst -still providing the desired properties. Of particular advantage for the modelling are the triply periodic surfaces that can be defined simply in mathematical functions using x, y and z coordinates. Three such surfaces are the primitive (P) surface, the diamond (D) surface and the gyroid (G) surface, having interconnectivity orders respectively equal to 6, 4 and 3 respectively. The primitive surface can be defined by the equation: α,(cosx + cosj; + cos z)+ α2(cosjccos>> + cos>>cosz + cos zcosx)+ l = 0
Similarly, the diamond surface can be defined by the equation: α3(sinjcsinj>sinz + sinxcos>>cosz + cos jcsin>>cosz + cos;ccos>>sinz) + + α4[cos(4jc)+ cos(4_v)+ cos(4z)]+ 1 = 0
And the gyroid (G) surface can be defined by the equation: a5 (cos xsin y + cos y sin z + cos z sin y) +
+ α6[cos(2x)cos(2>')+ cos(2>>)cos(2z)+ COS(2Z)COS(2JC)]+ 1 = 0
Where the constants ai to aβ are chosen according to the particular surface of given topology that is to be defined. For example, the constants ai to a^ may be used to control the global porosity or the neck diameter to node radius ratio. The scale factor (i.e. the pore size) may also be controlled.
As will be appreciated, the porous portion defined by the Primitive surface has the topological characteristic of 6 struts per node, the diamond surface has the topological characteristic of 4 struts per node and the gyroid surface has the topological characteristic of 3 struts per node (the minimum) . These surfaces can be used, in accordance with the invention, to define the boundary between the solid material and the pores. In that way a complex structure can be defined in relatively simple mathematical terms! It is then possible to modify the structure by adjustment of the constants ai to a.$, and to analyse the changes in porosity and strength that any such changes to the constants cause.
The approach set out immediately above is further explained below with reference to Figs. 1 to 3. In those examples an acetabular cup defined by gyroid (G) surfaces is shown. More specifically the locations of the solid regions of the cup are defined by the following set of inequalities : z>0 x2+y2+z2>r2 cos r sin nθ + cos nθ sin nφ + cos nφ sin r + αr -b < 0 where
with the parameters: r, internal radius of the porous portion of the cup n circumferential resolution (number of features)
a porosity gradient b porosity offset
Shapes that can be generated by these inequalities are shown in Figs. 1 to 3. As can be seen the porosity of the porous portions and the sizes of the pores increase outwardly, facilitating the natural incursion of material into the implant when it is in use and thus providing secure fixing of the implant.
As will now be understood the porosity gradient can readily be changed simply by changing the value of a in the inequality above and the porosity offset, that is the thickness of the inner, non-porous part, can readily be changed simply by changing the value of b in the inequality above. Because the locations of the solid regions are defined by simple mathematical functions it is straightforward to program a rapid prototyping machine to make the cup. For example machines using Laser or electron beam energy sources to melt the raw material in powder may be employed. As will be understood those machines can make the entire cup of Fig. 1, including both the solid inner portion and the porous outer portion, in a single process.
If it is then desired to produce a cup having different properties of porosity and strength one or more of the constants in the inequalities given above can be altered to produce a predictable variation in the properties. Since the structure shape is mathematically
defined it is relatively easy to analyse its porosity and other properties.
Fig. 4 shows in schematic form one example of a rapid prototyping machine' that may be used to make the shapes shown in Figs. 1 to 3 and other shapes. In the example shown powder material 20 from which the shaped part is to be formed is stored in a cylindrical chamber 21. By- raising a piston 22 in the chamber 21 by one step powder material can be transferred by a roller 24 into a cylindrical chamber 25. The bottom of the chamber 25 is defined by a piston 26 and each time the piston 22 is raised by one step, the piston 26 is lowered by one step and a new layer of .powder material deposited in the top of the chamber 25. A laser 27 and scanner 28 apply a beam of narrowly focussed energy onto the top layer of powder in the chamber 25 in a two dimensional pattern determined by the machine. Powder material exposed to the beam is fused while the other material remains in powder form. The process is repeated many times with different two dimensional patterns for different layers so that a solid object 29 of a predetermined shape is formed in the chamber 25. Once the object is fully formed it is removed from the chamber and the powder material from the chamber 25 discarded or recycled. As will be understood, Fig. 4 shows one form of rapid prototyping machine, simply by way of example. Many other forms of machine may also be used.
In Figs. 1 to 3, the particular shape shown is one generated from modelling a gyroid (G) surface. Reference has also been made above to Primitive (P) surfaces and diamond (D) surfaces. By way of example, Figs. 5 to 7 show basic cubic shapes generated from modelling a primitive (P) surface, a diamond (D) surface and a gyroid (G) surface.
In the example given above, simple mathematical functions have been described but it will be understood that it is within the scope of the invention to adopt more complex functions, for example to produce more complex shapes, if desired.
Whilst in Figs. 1 to 3, the invention is shown applied to an acetabular cup, it should be understood that the invention may also be applied to other parts of a hip joint (and indeed other joints) . By way of example, Fig. 8 shows a hip joint in which a femoral stem 30 is implanted in the top of a femur 31 and carries a coated ball joint 32 on the top of the stem. The joint 32 is received in a coated acetabular cup 33. An upper portion 34 of the femoral stem 30 may be formed of porous material and may advantageously be of varying porosity. By making the femoral stem in accordance with the invention the porosity gradient in the portion 34 of the stem 30 can readily be controlled. One particular way in which the invention may be employed involves the following steps:
1. Making a joint part having a porous portion using a process of solid freeform fabrication in a
machine where a mathematical function is used to determine the programming of the machine.
2. Assessing certain physical properties of the porous portion, for example the porosity and/or the mechanical strength.
3. Repeating step 1 using the same mathematical function but with at least one constant in the mathematical function changed to produce a part having different physical properties. 4. Optionally, repeating step 3 with other values of constant .
By adopting a method of the kind outlined above it becomes relatively easy to make a range of parts of different, controlled, porosities and then to evaluate which particular porosity is most suited for a particular application.
Claims
1. A joint part having a porous portion that is defined by a multiplicity of solid regions where material is present and a remaining multiplicity of pore regions where material is absent, the locations of at least most of the multiplicity of solid regions being defined by one or more mathematical functions.
2. A joint part according to claim 1, in which all the solid regions of the implant are defined mathematically.
3. A joint part according to claim 1 or 2, in which the one or more mathematical functions define a periodic nodal surface as a boundary surface between solid and pore regions .
4. A joint part according to claim 3, in which the periodic nodal surface is selected from the group comprising the primitive (P) surface, the diamond (D) surface and the gyroid (G) surface having interconnectivity orders equal to 6, 4 and 3 respectively.
5. A joint part according to any preceding claim, in which the part includes a porous portion and a solid portion which are part of the same single piece.
6. A joint part according to claim 5, in which the porous portion has a porosity in the region bordering the solid region substantially equal to the porosity of the solid portion and increases in porosity away from the solid portion.
7. A joint part according to any preceding claim, which is a ball and socket joint.
8. A joint part according to claim 7, in which the porous part defines a socket of the ball and socket joint.
5 9. A joint part according to claim 8, in which the socket has a concave load-bearing cup portion which is solid and a porous portion extending outwardly from the cup portion to a peripheral outer surface.
10. A joint part according to claim 7, in which the porous l'O part defines a ball of the ball and socket joint.
11. A joint part according to claim 10, in which the ball has a convex load-bearing ball portion which is solid and a porous portion extending away from the ball portion.
12. A joint part according to any preceding claim, in
15 which the joint part is a load-bearing implant suitable for implanting in a human body.
13. A load-bearing implant having a porous portion that is defined by a multiplicity of solid regions where material is present and a remaining multiplicity of pore regions 0 where material is absent, the locations of at least most of the multiplicity of solid regions being defined by one or more mathematical functions.
14. A load-bearing implant according to claim 13, in which all the solid regions of the implant are defined 5 mathematically.
15. A load-bearing implant according to claim 13 or 14, in which the one or more mathematical functions define a periodic nodal surface as a boundary surface between solid and pore regions.
16. A load-bearing implant according to claim 15, in which the periodic nodal surface is selected from the group comprising the primitive (P) surface, the diamond (D) surface and the gyroid (G) surface having interconnectivity orders equal to 6, 4 and 3 respectively.
17. A load-bearing implant according to any of claims 13 to 16, in which the implant is made of metal.
18. A load-bearing implant according to any of claims 13 to 16, in which the implant is made of ceramic material.
19. A load-bearing implant according to any of claims 13 to 16, in which the implant is made of polymeric material.
20. A load-bearing implant according to any of claims 13 to 19, in which the implant includes a porous portion and a solid portion which are part of the same single piece.
21. A load-bearing implant according to claim 20, in which the porous portion has a porosity in the region bordering the solid region substantially equal to the porosity of the solid portion and increases in porosity away from the solid portion.
22. A load-bearing implant according to any preceding claim, in which the solid portion defines a cup which provides part or all of the socket of a ball and socket joint.
23. A load-bearing implant according to claim 22, in which the cup has a concave load bearing cup portion which is solid and a porous portion extending outwardly from the cup portion to a peripheral outer surface.
24. A load-bearing implant according to claim 22 or 23, in which the cup is an acetabular cup.
25. A load-bearing implant according to any of claims 13 to 22, in which the solid portion defines a ball which provides part or all of the ball of a ball and socket joint .
26. A load-bearing implant according to claim 25, in which the ball has a convex load bearing ball portion which is solid and a porous portion extending away from the ball portion.
27. A load-bearing implant substantially as herein described with reference to and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
28. A method of making a joint part having a porous portion defined by a multiplicity of solid regions where material is present and a remaining multiplicity of pore regions where material is absent, the method including the step of depositing solid material in the multiplicity of solid regions during a process of solid freeform fabrication in which one or more mathematical functions are used to determine at least most of the multiplicity of regions where material is present.
29. A method according to claim 28, further including the step of modifying one or more of the mathematical functions to vary the porosity and/or strength of the porous portion, calculating the porosity and/or strength of the modified porous portion and making the joint part with the modified porous portion, the method including the step of depositing solid material during a process of solid freeform fabrication in which the one or more modified mathematical functions are used to determine at least most of the multiplicity of regions where material is present.
30. A method according to claim 28 or 29, in which the implant includes a solid portion and a porous portion, the solid portion and the porous portion being formed in the same process of solid freeform fabrication to provide a one-piece integrated structure.
31. A method according to any of claims 28 to 30, in which the joint part is as claimed in any of claims 2 to 12.
32. A method according to any of claims 28 to 30, in which the joint part is a load-bearing implant as claimed in any of claims 13 to 27.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP08788557.0A EP2328517B1 (en) | 2008-05-28 | 2008-09-08 | Improvements in or relating to joints and/or implants |
US12/994,666 US9370426B2 (en) | 2008-05-28 | 2008-09-08 | Relating to joints and/or implants |
ES08788557.0T ES2658350T3 (en) | 2008-05-28 | 2008-09-08 | Improvements in, or related to, joints and / or implants |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0809721.4 | 2008-05-28 | ||
GBGB0809721.4A GB0809721D0 (en) | 2008-05-28 | 2008-05-28 | Improvements in or relating to joints and/or implants |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2009144434A1 true WO2009144434A1 (en) | 2009-12-03 |
Family
ID=39616254
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB2008/003027 WO2009144434A1 (en) | 2008-05-28 | 2008-09-08 | Improvements in or relating to joints and/or implants |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9370426B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2328517B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2658350T3 (en) |
GB (1) | GB0809721D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009144434A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2011124937A1 (en) * | 2009-07-07 | 2011-10-13 | Eurocoating S.P.A. | Laser process for producing metallic objects, and object obtained therefrom |
ITMO20110115A1 (en) * | 2011-05-16 | 2012-11-17 | Caselli Stefano | OSTEOINDUCTIVE SUPPORT |
EP2811942A4 (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2015-10-21 | 4 Web Inc | Prosthetic implant for ball and socket joints and method of use |
WO2020053567A1 (en) | 2018-09-10 | 2020-03-19 | Renishaw Plc | Powder bed fusion apparatus and methods |
US11510787B2 (en) | 2008-12-18 | 2022-11-29 | 4-Web Spine, Inc. | Implant having a shaft coated with a web structure |
EP4241738A1 (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2023-09-13 | Waldemar Link GmbH & Co. KG | Non-polygonal porous structure |
Families Citing this family (108)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060147332A1 (en) | 2004-12-30 | 2006-07-06 | Howmedica Osteonics Corp. | Laser-produced porous structure |
US7537664B2 (en) | 2002-11-08 | 2009-05-26 | Howmedica Osteonics Corp. | Laser-produced porous surface |
US8728387B2 (en) | 2005-12-06 | 2014-05-20 | Howmedica Osteonics Corp. | Laser-produced porous surface |
US9918740B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2018-03-20 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Backup surgical instrument system and method |
US9345548B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2016-05-24 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific pre-operative planning |
US20150335438A1 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2015-11-26 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc. | Patient-specific augments |
US8591516B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2013-11-26 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific orthopedic instruments |
US8092465B2 (en) | 2006-06-09 | 2012-01-10 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Patient specific knee alignment guide and associated method |
US8377066B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2013-02-19 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Patient-specific elbow guides and associated methods |
US9339278B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2016-05-17 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific acetabular guides and associated instruments |
US8608748B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2013-12-17 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient specific guides |
US8568487B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2013-10-29 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific hip joint devices |
US9907659B2 (en) | 2007-04-17 | 2018-03-06 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Method and apparatus for manufacturing an implant |
US8407067B2 (en) | 2007-04-17 | 2013-03-26 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Method and apparatus for manufacturing an implant |
US8603180B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2013-12-10 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific acetabular alignment guides |
US9289253B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2016-03-22 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific shoulder guide |
US9173661B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2015-11-03 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient specific alignment guide with cutting surface and laser indicator |
US8608749B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2013-12-17 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific acetabular guides and associated instruments |
US7967868B2 (en) | 2007-04-17 | 2011-06-28 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Patient-modified implant and associated method |
US9113971B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2015-08-25 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Femoral acetabular impingement guide |
US8535387B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2013-09-17 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific tools and implants |
US10278711B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2019-05-07 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific femoral guide |
US9795399B2 (en) | 2006-06-09 | 2017-10-24 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific knee alignment guide and associated method |
GB2442441B (en) * | 2006-10-03 | 2011-11-09 | Biomet Uk Ltd | Surgical instrument |
GB0809721D0 (en) * | 2008-05-28 | 2008-07-02 | Univ Bath | Improvements in or relating to joints and/or implants |
DE102009028503B4 (en) | 2009-08-13 | 2013-11-14 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Resection template for the resection of bones, method for producing such a resection template and operation set for performing knee joint surgery |
US8632547B2 (en) | 2010-02-26 | 2014-01-21 | Biomet Sports Medicine, Llc | Patient-specific osteotomy devices and methods |
IT1398443B1 (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2013-02-22 | Lima Lto S P A Ora Limacorporate Spa | INTEGRATED PROSTHETIC ELEMENT |
US9271744B2 (en) | 2010-09-29 | 2016-03-01 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific guide for partial acetabular socket replacement |
US9968376B2 (en) | 2010-11-29 | 2018-05-15 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific orthopedic instruments |
US9034048B2 (en) * | 2011-01-26 | 2015-05-19 | John A. Choren | Orthopaedic implants and methods of forming implant structures |
US9241745B2 (en) | 2011-03-07 | 2016-01-26 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific femoral version guide |
US8715289B2 (en) | 2011-04-15 | 2014-05-06 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific numerically controlled instrument |
US8668700B2 (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2014-03-11 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific convertible guides |
US8956364B2 (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2015-02-17 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific partial knee guides and other instruments |
US8532807B2 (en) | 2011-06-06 | 2013-09-10 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Pre-operative planning and manufacturing method for orthopedic procedure |
US9084618B2 (en) | 2011-06-13 | 2015-07-21 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Drill guides for confirming alignment of patient-specific alignment guides |
US20130001121A1 (en) | 2011-07-01 | 2013-01-03 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Backup kit for a patient-specific arthroplasty kit assembly |
US8764760B2 (en) | 2011-07-01 | 2014-07-01 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific bone-cutting guidance instruments and methods |
US8597365B2 (en) | 2011-08-04 | 2013-12-03 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific pelvic implants for acetabular reconstruction |
US9066734B2 (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2015-06-30 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific sacroiliac guides and associated methods |
US9295497B2 (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2016-03-29 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific sacroiliac and pedicle guides |
US9386993B2 (en) | 2011-09-29 | 2016-07-12 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific femoroacetabular impingement instruments and methods |
US9554910B2 (en) | 2011-10-27 | 2017-01-31 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific glenoid guide and implants |
EP3384858A1 (en) | 2011-10-27 | 2018-10-10 | Biomet Manufacturing, LLC | Patient-specific glenoid guides |
KR20130046337A (en) | 2011-10-27 | 2013-05-07 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Multi-view device and contol method thereof, display apparatus and contol method thereof, and display system |
US9451973B2 (en) | 2011-10-27 | 2016-09-27 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient specific glenoid guide |
US9301812B2 (en) | 2011-10-27 | 2016-04-05 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Methods for patient-specific shoulder arthroplasty |
US9237950B2 (en) | 2012-02-02 | 2016-01-19 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Implant with patient-specific porous structure |
CN104780870B (en) | 2012-09-25 | 2018-03-02 | 4网络公司 | Programmable implant and the method for repairing bone structure using programmable implant |
US9204977B2 (en) | 2012-12-11 | 2015-12-08 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific acetabular guide for anterior approach |
US9060788B2 (en) | 2012-12-11 | 2015-06-23 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific acetabular guide for anterior approach |
US9907654B2 (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2018-03-06 | Dr. H.C. Robert Mathys Stiftung | Bone substitute and method for producing the same |
AU2013270628B2 (en) | 2012-12-27 | 2015-02-05 | Wright Medical Technology, Inc. | Ankle replacement system and method |
US9918724B2 (en) | 2012-12-27 | 2018-03-20 | Wright Medical Technology, Inc. | Ankle replacement system and method |
US9974588B2 (en) | 2012-12-27 | 2018-05-22 | Wright Medical Technology, Inc. | Ankle replacement system and method |
US9480571B2 (en) | 2012-12-27 | 2016-11-01 | Wright Medical Technology, Inc. | Ankle replacement system and method |
US10080573B2 (en) | 2012-12-27 | 2018-09-25 | Wright Medical Technology, Inc. | Ankle replacement system and method |
US9839438B2 (en) | 2013-03-11 | 2017-12-12 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific glenoid guide with a reusable guide holder |
US9579107B2 (en) | 2013-03-12 | 2017-02-28 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Multi-point fit for patient specific guide |
US9498233B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2016-11-22 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc. | Universal acetabular guide and associated hardware |
US9826981B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2017-11-28 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Tangential fit of patient-specific guides |
JP6410792B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2018-10-24 | ライト メディカル テクノロジー インコーポレイテッドWright Medical Technology, Inc. | Ankle joint replacement system and method |
US9517145B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-12-13 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Guide alignment system and method |
US20150112349A1 (en) | 2013-10-21 | 2015-04-23 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Ligament Guide Registration |
ITMI20132154A1 (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-21 | Adler Ortho S R L | FEMORAL COMPONENT FOR KNEE PROSTHESIS. |
US10282488B2 (en) | 2014-04-25 | 2019-05-07 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | HTO guide with optional guided ACL/PCL tunnels |
US9408616B2 (en) | 2014-05-12 | 2016-08-09 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Humeral cut guide |
US9561040B2 (en) | 2014-06-03 | 2017-02-07 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific glenoid depth control |
US9839436B2 (en) | 2014-06-03 | 2017-12-12 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific glenoid depth control |
US9833245B2 (en) | 2014-09-29 | 2017-12-05 | Biomet Sports Medicine, Llc | Tibial tubercule osteotomy |
US9826994B2 (en) | 2014-09-29 | 2017-11-28 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Adjustable glenoid pin insertion guide |
TWI548429B (en) | 2014-11-07 | 2016-09-11 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | Medical composite material method for fabricating the same and applications thereof |
TWI522231B (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2016-02-21 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | Metal/polymer composite material and method for fabricating the same |
US9820868B2 (en) | 2015-03-30 | 2017-11-21 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Method and apparatus for a pin apparatus |
CN107835669A (en) | 2015-05-22 | 2018-03-23 | Ebm融合解决方案有限责任公司 | Joint or section bone implant for malformation correction |
US10226262B2 (en) | 2015-06-25 | 2019-03-12 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific humeral guide designs |
US10568647B2 (en) | 2015-06-25 | 2020-02-25 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Patient-specific humeral guide designs |
WO2017106780A1 (en) | 2015-12-16 | 2017-06-22 | Nuvasive, Inc. | Porous spinal fusion implant |
US11134964B2 (en) | 2016-03-23 | 2021-10-05 | Wright Medical Technology, Inc. | Fixation apparatus and method for total ankle replacement |
US11638645B2 (en) | 2016-05-19 | 2023-05-02 | University of Pittsburgh—of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education | Biomimetic plywood motifs for bone tissue engineering |
WO2017201371A1 (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2017-11-23 | University Of Pittsburgh-Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education | Biomimetic plywood motifs for bone tissue engineering |
EP3528724B1 (en) | 2016-10-24 | 2024-02-07 | Corelink, LLC | Interbody spacer for spinal fusion |
US10722310B2 (en) | 2017-03-13 | 2020-07-28 | Zimmer Biomet CMF and Thoracic, LLC | Virtual surgery planning system and method |
US20190167433A1 (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2019-06-06 | Duke University | Orthopedic implant for sustained drug release |
US10813637B2 (en) | 2018-02-21 | 2020-10-27 | Ethicon Llc | Three dimensional adjuncts |
USD882782S1 (en) | 2018-02-21 | 2020-04-28 | Ethicon Llc | Three dimensional adjunct |
US10183442B1 (en) | 2018-03-02 | 2019-01-22 | Additive Device, Inc. | Medical devices and methods for producing the same |
USD870888S1 (en) | 2018-03-02 | 2019-12-24 | Restor3D, Inc. | Accordion airway stent |
USD871577S1 (en) | 2018-03-02 | 2019-12-31 | Restor3D, Inc. | Studded airway stent |
USD870889S1 (en) | 2018-03-02 | 2019-12-24 | Restor3D, Inc. | Cutout airway stent |
USD870890S1 (en) | 2018-03-02 | 2019-12-24 | Restor3D, Inc. | Spiral airway stent |
BR112020025281A2 (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2021-03-09 | Bellaseno Gmbh | 3D PRINTED IMPLANT WITH INTERNAL CHANNELS |
BE1026794B1 (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2020-06-22 | Cerhum | Cranio-maxillofacial implant |
US10889053B1 (en) | 2019-03-25 | 2021-01-12 | Restor3D, Inc. | Custom surgical devices and method for manufacturing the same |
US11490890B2 (en) | 2019-09-16 | 2022-11-08 | Cilag Gmbh International | Compressible non-fibrous adjuncts |
US11612396B2 (en) | 2019-09-16 | 2023-03-28 | Cilag Gmbh International | Compressible non-fibrous adjuncts |
US10772732B1 (en) | 2020-01-08 | 2020-09-15 | Restor3D, Inc. | Sheet based triply periodic minimal surface implants for promoting osseointegration and methods for producing same |
USD920517S1 (en) | 2020-01-08 | 2021-05-25 | Restor3D, Inc. | Osteotomy wedge |
USD920515S1 (en) | 2020-01-08 | 2021-05-25 | Restor3D, Inc. | Spinal implant |
USD920516S1 (en) | 2020-01-08 | 2021-05-25 | Restor3D, Inc. | Osteotomy wedge |
CN112206076B (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2022-02-22 | 北京科技大学 | Porous implant structure for bone repair and preparation method |
CN112245077B (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2022-04-22 | 北京科技大学广州新材料研究院 | Aperture gradient porous scaffold and minimum curved surface structural unit used for same |
CN112206077B (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2022-02-22 | 北京科技大学 | Porous gradient scaffold based on Primitive and Diamond curved surface structural units and preparation method thereof |
US11872137B2 (en) | 2021-06-15 | 2024-01-16 | Wright Medical Technology, Inc. | Unicompartmental ankle prosthesis |
US11850144B1 (en) | 2022-09-28 | 2023-12-26 | Restor3D, Inc. | Ligament docking implants and processes for making and using same |
US11806028B1 (en) | 2022-10-04 | 2023-11-07 | Restor3D, Inc. | Surgical guides and processes for producing and using the same |
US11960266B1 (en) | 2023-08-23 | 2024-04-16 | Restor3D, Inc. | Patient-specific medical devices and additive manufacturing processes for producing the same |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5455100A (en) * | 1991-01-30 | 1995-10-03 | Interpore International | Porous articles and methods for producing same |
US5524695A (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1996-06-11 | Howmedica Inc. | Cast bone ingrowth surface |
US20060276925A1 (en) * | 2003-04-23 | 2006-12-07 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Integrated global layout and local microstructure topology optimization approach for spinal cage design and fabrication |
US20070150068A1 (en) * | 2005-12-23 | 2007-06-28 | Howmedica Osteonics Corp. | Gradient porous implant |
Family Cites Families (167)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH547631A (en) * | 1972-02-02 | 1974-04-11 | Sulzer Ag | SHAFT FOR BONE IMPLANTS. |
US4542539A (en) * | 1982-03-12 | 1985-09-24 | Artech Corp. | Surgical implant having a graded porous coating |
US4566138A (en) * | 1983-03-08 | 1986-01-28 | Zimmer, Inc. | Prosthetic device with spacers |
US4666450A (en) * | 1983-08-26 | 1987-05-19 | Pfizer Hospital Products Group, Inc. | Acetabular cup assembly prosthesis |
US4662891A (en) * | 1983-11-21 | 1987-05-05 | Joint Medical Products Corporation | Fixation elements for artificial joints |
US4608052A (en) * | 1984-04-25 | 1986-08-26 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Implant with attachment surface |
US4681589A (en) * | 1984-06-01 | 1987-07-21 | Tronzo Raymond G | Adjustable acetabular cup prosthesis as part of a total cup replacement system |
US4778474A (en) * | 1984-11-16 | 1988-10-18 | Homsy Charles A | Acetabular prosthesis |
FR2589059B1 (en) * | 1985-10-25 | 1988-01-08 | Duthoit Etienne | COTYLOIDAL COMPONENT FOR NON-CEMENTED HIP PROSTHESIS |
CA1290099C (en) * | 1986-01-21 | 1991-10-08 | Thomas H. Mallory | Porous-coated artificial joints |
CH668903A5 (en) * | 1986-02-18 | 1989-02-15 | Sulzer Ag | SHAFT FOR A HIP JOINT PROSTHESIS. |
JPH0616800B2 (en) * | 1986-12-05 | 1994-03-09 | 春幸 川原 | Intraosseous implant member with mesh structure |
IT1202437B (en) * | 1987-01-28 | 1989-02-09 | Cremascoli Spa G | STRUCTURE OF TOTAL ANCHOR PROSTHESIS, INCLUDING A FEMORAL COMPONENT AND AN ACETABULAR COMPONENT, REALIZED, BOTH, PART IN METAL MATERIAL AND PART IN CERAMIC MATERIAL |
CH674140A5 (en) * | 1988-01-14 | 1990-05-15 | Sulzer Ag | |
US4904265A (en) * | 1988-09-09 | 1990-02-27 | Boehringer Mannheim Corporation | Cementless acetabular implant |
US5011494A (en) * | 1988-09-16 | 1991-04-30 | Clemson University | Soft tissue implant with micron-scale surface texture to optimize anchorage |
WO1990003893A1 (en) * | 1988-10-05 | 1990-04-19 | Michael Feygin | An improved apparatus and method for forming an integral object from laminations |
US5248079A (en) * | 1988-11-29 | 1993-09-28 | Li Chou H | Ceramic bonding method |
US4955909A (en) * | 1989-01-31 | 1990-09-11 | Bioplasty, Inc. | Textured silicone implant prosthesis |
US5226917A (en) * | 1991-02-14 | 1993-07-13 | Smith & Nephew Richards Inc. | Acetabular prosthesis with anchoring pegs |
US5314487A (en) * | 1991-02-14 | 1994-05-24 | Smith & Nephew Richards Inc. | Acetabular prosthesis with anchoring pegs |
US5192329A (en) * | 1991-03-07 | 1993-03-09 | Joint Medical Products Corporation | Oblong acetabular cup |
DE4133877C1 (en) * | 1991-10-12 | 1993-05-19 | S + G Implants Gmbh, 2400 Luebeck, De | |
US6013853A (en) * | 1992-02-14 | 2000-01-11 | The University Of Texas System | Continuous release polymeric implant carrier |
US5876452A (en) * | 1992-02-14 | 1999-03-02 | Board Of Regents, University Of Texas System | Biodegradable implant |
US5510066A (en) * | 1992-08-14 | 1996-04-23 | Guild Associates, Inc. | Method for free-formation of a free-standing, three-dimensional body |
US5370692A (en) * | 1992-08-14 | 1994-12-06 | Guild Associates, Inc. | Rapid, customized bone prosthesis |
US5507824A (en) * | 1993-02-23 | 1996-04-16 | Lennox; Dennis W. | Adjustable prosthetic socket component, for articulating anatomical joints |
US6280771B1 (en) * | 1997-02-20 | 2001-08-28 | Therics, Inc. | Dosage forms exhibiting multi-phasic release kinetics and methods of manufacture thereof |
US5490962A (en) * | 1993-10-18 | 1996-02-13 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Preparation of medical devices by solid free-form fabrication methods |
US5549691A (en) * | 1994-02-03 | 1996-08-27 | Harwin; Steven F. | Acetabular cup |
CA2142636C (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 2005-09-20 | Salvatore Caldarise | Implantable articles with as-cast macrotextured surface regions and method of manufacturing the same |
US6105235A (en) * | 1994-04-28 | 2000-08-22 | Johnson & Johnson Professional, Inc. | Ceramic/metallic articulation component and prosthesis |
US6596225B1 (en) * | 2000-01-31 | 2003-07-22 | Diamicron, Inc. | Methods for manufacturing a diamond prosthetic joint component |
US6497727B1 (en) * | 2000-01-30 | 2002-12-24 | Diamicron, Inc. | Component for use in prosthetic hip, the component having a polycrystalline diamond articulation surface and a plurality of substrate layers |
US6290726B1 (en) * | 2000-01-30 | 2001-09-18 | Diamicron, Inc. | Prosthetic hip joint having sintered polycrystalline diamond compact articulation surfaces |
US7494507B2 (en) * | 2000-01-30 | 2009-02-24 | Diamicron, Inc. | Articulating diamond-surfaced spinal implants |
US6676704B1 (en) * | 1994-08-12 | 2004-01-13 | Diamicron, Inc. | Prosthetic joint component having at least one sintered polycrystalline diamond compact articulation surface and substrate surface topographical features in said polycrystalline diamond compact |
US6494918B1 (en) * | 2000-01-30 | 2002-12-17 | Diamicron, Inc. | Component for a prosthetic joint having a diamond load bearing and articulation surface |
US7396501B2 (en) * | 1994-08-12 | 2008-07-08 | Diamicron, Inc. | Use of gradient layers and stress modifiers to fabricate composite constructs |
US5879398A (en) * | 1995-02-14 | 1999-03-09 | Zimmer, Inc. | Acetabular cup |
US5779833A (en) * | 1995-08-04 | 1998-07-14 | Case Western Reserve University | Method for constructing three dimensional bodies from laminations |
US5658338A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1997-08-19 | Tullos; Hugh S. | Prosthetic modular bone fixation mantle and implant system |
US5725586A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1998-03-10 | Johnson & Johnson Professional, Inc. | Hollow bone prosthesis with tailored flexibility |
US6087553A (en) * | 1996-02-26 | 2000-07-11 | Implex Corporation | Implantable metallic open-celled lattice/polyethylene composite material and devices |
US5824078A (en) * | 1996-03-11 | 1998-10-20 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Arkansas | Composite allograft, press, and methods |
US6066176A (en) * | 1996-07-11 | 2000-05-23 | Oshida; Yoshiki | Orthopedic implant system |
US5888205A (en) * | 1996-10-01 | 1999-03-30 | Kinamed, Inc. | Device for sealing acetabular cup holes |
US6051117A (en) * | 1996-12-12 | 2000-04-18 | Eltech Systems, Corp. | Reticulated metal article combining small pores with large apertures |
US8545569B2 (en) * | 2001-05-25 | 2013-10-01 | Conformis, Inc. | Patient selectable knee arthroplasty devices |
US7618451B2 (en) * | 2001-05-25 | 2009-11-17 | Conformis, Inc. | Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools facilitating increased accuracy, speed and simplicity in performing total and partial joint arthroplasty |
DE19755536A1 (en) * | 1997-12-13 | 1999-06-17 | Ceramtec Ag | Acetabular cup |
US6187329B1 (en) * | 1997-12-23 | 2001-02-13 | Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System | Variable permeability bone implants, methods for their preparation and use |
US7045141B2 (en) * | 1998-02-27 | 2006-05-16 | Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation | Allograft bone composition having a gelatin binder |
US6261322B1 (en) * | 1998-05-14 | 2001-07-17 | Hayes Medical, Inc. | Implant with composite coating |
US6530956B1 (en) * | 1998-09-10 | 2003-03-11 | Kevin A. Mansmann | Resorbable scaffolds to promote cartilage regeneration |
US6454811B1 (en) * | 1998-10-12 | 2002-09-24 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Composites for tissue regeneration and methods of manufacture thereof |
US20030114936A1 (en) * | 1998-10-12 | 2003-06-19 | Therics, Inc. | Complex three-dimensional composite scaffold resistant to delimination |
US6547994B1 (en) * | 1998-11-13 | 2003-04-15 | Therics, Inc. | Rapid prototyping and manufacturing process |
US6283997B1 (en) * | 1998-11-13 | 2001-09-04 | The Trustees Of Princeton University | Controlled architecture ceramic composites by stereolithography |
EP1025821A1 (en) * | 1999-02-04 | 2000-08-09 | Flawa Schweizer Verbandstoff- und Wattefabriken AG | Medical product having a textile component |
US7371400B2 (en) * | 2001-01-02 | 2008-05-13 | The General Hospital Corporation | Multilayer device for tissue engineering |
US6206924B1 (en) * | 1999-10-20 | 2001-03-27 | Interpore Cross Internat | Three-dimensional geometric bio-compatible porous engineered structure for use as a bone mass replacement or fusion augmentation device |
US6451059B1 (en) * | 1999-11-12 | 2002-09-17 | Ethicon, Inc. | Viscous suspension spinning process for producing resorbable ceramic fibers and scaffolds |
EP1237511B1 (en) * | 1999-12-15 | 2004-09-01 | Sulzer Orthopedics Ltd. | Preparation for repairing cartilage defects or cartilage/bone defects in human or animal joints |
US20040199260A1 (en) * | 2000-01-30 | 2004-10-07 | Pope Bill J. | Prosthetic joint component having at least one sintered polycrystalline diamond compact articulation surface and substrate surface topographical features in said polycrystalline diamond compact |
US8603181B2 (en) * | 2000-01-30 | 2013-12-10 | Dimicron, Inc | Use of Ti and Nb cemented in TiC in prosthetic joints |
US6626945B2 (en) * | 2000-03-14 | 2003-09-30 | Chondrosite, Llc | Cartilage repair plug |
DE10036987A1 (en) * | 2000-07-29 | 2002-02-07 | Klaus Draenert | Modular pan replacement |
US20020062154A1 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2002-05-23 | Ayers Reed A. | Non-uniform porosity tissue implant |
US6626947B2 (en) * | 2000-10-03 | 2003-09-30 | Depuy Orthopaedics, Inc. | Press fit acetabular cup and associated method for securing the cup to an acetabulum |
CA2365376C (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2006-03-28 | Ethicon, Inc. | Use of reinforced foam implants with enhanced integrity for soft tissue repair and regeneration |
US8123814B2 (en) * | 2001-02-23 | 2012-02-28 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Method and appartus for acetabular reconstruction |
US7597715B2 (en) * | 2005-04-21 | 2009-10-06 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Method and apparatus for use of porous implants |
AU2002245536A1 (en) * | 2001-02-26 | 2002-09-19 | Smith And Nephew, Inc. | Locking systems for implants |
US7857860B2 (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2010-12-28 | Therics, Llc | Bone void filler and method of manufacture |
EP1379287A1 (en) * | 2001-04-12 | 2004-01-14 | Therics, Inc. | Method and apparatus for engineered regenerative biostructures |
US7695521B2 (en) * | 2001-05-01 | 2010-04-13 | Amedica Corporation | Hip prosthesis with monoblock ceramic acetabular cup |
DE60230739D1 (en) * | 2001-05-01 | 2009-02-26 | Amedica Corp | X-RAY BONE TRANSPLANT |
US7087200B2 (en) * | 2001-06-22 | 2006-08-08 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Controlled local/global and micro/macro-porous 3D plastic, polymer and ceramic/cement composite scaffold fabrication and applications thereof |
GB0119652D0 (en) * | 2001-08-11 | 2001-10-03 | Stanmore Implants Worldwide | Surgical implant |
GB0122002D0 (en) * | 2001-09-11 | 2001-10-31 | Benoist Girard Sas | Acetabular cup |
US6682567B1 (en) * | 2001-09-19 | 2004-01-27 | Biomet, Inc. | Method and apparatus for providing a shell component incorporating a porous ingrowth material and liner |
JP4403268B2 (en) * | 2001-10-21 | 2010-01-27 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | Method for producing calcium phosphate porous sintered body and method for producing artificial bone using the same |
CA2464653C (en) * | 2001-10-29 | 2011-10-18 | Therics, Inc. | System for manufacturing controlled release dosage forms, such as a zero-order release profile dosage form manufactured by three-dimensional printing |
US7326253B2 (en) * | 2001-11-16 | 2008-02-05 | Depuy Products, Inc. | Prosthetic cup assembly having increased assembly congruency |
US6709462B2 (en) * | 2002-01-11 | 2004-03-23 | Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research | Acetabular shell with screw access channels |
US7458991B2 (en) * | 2002-02-08 | 2008-12-02 | Howmedica Osteonics Corp. | Porous metallic scaffold for tissue ingrowth |
US7166133B2 (en) * | 2002-06-13 | 2007-01-23 | Kensey Nash Corporation | Devices and methods for treating defects in the tissue of a living being |
DE10244439A1 (en) * | 2002-09-24 | 2004-03-25 | Mathys Orthopädie GmbH | Endoprosthesis component used as an artificial joint comprises a ceramic material containing aluminum oxide and zirconium (di)oxide |
US6840960B2 (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2005-01-11 | Stephen K. Bubb | Porous implant system and treatment method |
US7537664B2 (en) * | 2002-11-08 | 2009-05-26 | Howmedica Osteonics Corp. | Laser-produced porous surface |
US20060147332A1 (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2006-07-06 | Howmedica Osteonics Corp. | Laser-produced porous structure |
US7597936B2 (en) * | 2002-11-26 | 2009-10-06 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Method of producing a pigmented composite microporous material |
EP1433489A1 (en) * | 2002-12-23 | 2004-06-30 | Degradable Solutions AG | Biodegradable porous bone implant with a barrier membrane sealed thereto |
US7938861B2 (en) * | 2003-04-15 | 2011-05-10 | Depuy Products, Inc. | Implantable orthopaedic device and method for making the same |
US6993406B1 (en) * | 2003-04-24 | 2006-01-31 | Sandia Corporation | Method for making a bio-compatible scaffold |
US7488348B2 (en) * | 2003-05-16 | 2009-02-10 | Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation | Cartilage allograft plug |
US7931695B2 (en) * | 2003-07-15 | 2011-04-26 | Kensey Nash Corporation | Compliant osteosynthesis fixation plate |
CA2533534C (en) * | 2003-07-24 | 2013-03-19 | Tecomet, Inc. | Assembled non-random foams |
US7296998B2 (en) * | 2003-09-22 | 2007-11-20 | Bartee Chaddick M | Hydrophilic high density PTFE medical barrier |
US7674477B1 (en) * | 2003-11-06 | 2010-03-09 | University Of Notre Dame Du Lac | Bone and tissue scaffolding for delivery of therapeutic agents |
US7001672B2 (en) * | 2003-12-03 | 2006-02-21 | Medicine Lodge, Inc. | Laser based metal deposition of implant structures |
US6974625B2 (en) * | 2003-12-16 | 2005-12-13 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Oxidized zirconium on a porous structure for bone implant use |
US7189263B2 (en) * | 2004-02-03 | 2007-03-13 | Vita Special Purpose Corporation | Biocompatible bone graft material |
CA2558623C (en) * | 2004-02-06 | 2013-04-16 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Surface directed cellular attachment |
EP1729675A4 (en) * | 2004-03-05 | 2011-05-18 | Univ Columbia | Multi-phased, biodegradable and osteointegrative composite scaffold for biological fixation of musculoskeletal soft tissue to bone |
US7776097B2 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2010-08-17 | Scyon Orthopaedics Ag | Double shell implant for cementless anchorage of joint prostheses |
US20070009606A1 (en) * | 2004-05-12 | 2007-01-11 | Serdy James G | Manufacturing process, such as three dimensional printing, including binding of water-soluble material followed by softening and flowing and forming films of organic-solvent-soluble material |
US7674426B2 (en) * | 2004-07-02 | 2010-03-09 | Praxis Powder Technology, Inc. | Porous metal articles having a predetermined pore character |
GB0422666D0 (en) * | 2004-10-12 | 2004-11-10 | Benoist Girard Sas | Prosthetic acetabular cups |
JP2008521560A (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2008-06-26 | オステオバイオロジクス・インコーポレーテッド | Implant and its delivery system for treating joint surface defects |
WO2006088946A2 (en) * | 2005-02-14 | 2006-08-24 | Mayo Medical Ventures | Tissue support structure |
US20060229715A1 (en) * | 2005-03-29 | 2006-10-12 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Implants incorporating nanotubes and methods for producing the same |
US20060235542A1 (en) * | 2005-04-15 | 2006-10-19 | Zimmer Technology, Inc. | Flexible segmented bearing implant |
US8066778B2 (en) * | 2005-04-21 | 2011-11-29 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Porous metal cup with cobalt bearing surface |
US7368065B2 (en) * | 2005-06-23 | 2008-05-06 | Depuy Products, Inc. | Implants with textured surface and methods for producing the same |
US20060293760A1 (en) * | 2005-06-24 | 2006-12-28 | Dedeyne Patrick G | Soft tissue implants with improved interfaces |
US20090017096A1 (en) * | 2005-08-15 | 2009-01-15 | Anthony Lowman | Porous non-biodegradable hydrogel admixed with a chemoattractant for tissue replacement |
CN101267848A (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2008-09-17 | 他喜龙株式会社 | Composite porous material |
EP1779812A1 (en) * | 2005-10-26 | 2007-05-02 | Etervind AB | An osseointegration implant |
TWI274591B (en) * | 2005-11-07 | 2007-03-01 | Univ Tsinghua | Composite scaffold for remedying articular cartilage tissue and preparation thereof |
WO2007062057A2 (en) * | 2005-11-18 | 2007-05-31 | Ceramatec, Inc. | Porous, load-bearing, ceramic or metal implant |
WO2007066669A1 (en) * | 2005-12-05 | 2007-06-14 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Medical device and method of modifying the surface of medical device |
US8728387B2 (en) * | 2005-12-06 | 2014-05-20 | Howmedica Osteonics Corp. | Laser-produced porous surface |
US7427293B2 (en) * | 2006-03-28 | 2008-09-23 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Osteochondral plug graft, kit and method |
WO2008079152A2 (en) * | 2006-01-04 | 2008-07-03 | University Of Connecticut | Ceramic coating and method of preparation thereof |
US9327056B2 (en) | 2006-02-14 | 2016-05-03 | Washington State University | Bone replacement materials |
US7718351B2 (en) * | 2006-03-14 | 2010-05-18 | Agency For Science, Technology & Research | Three-dimensional fabrication of biocompatible structures in anatomical shapes and dimensions for tissue engineering and organ replacement |
US7572291B2 (en) * | 2006-03-28 | 2009-08-11 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Osteochondral repair assembly including retracting spacer, kit and method |
US20070255412A1 (en) * | 2006-04-18 | 2007-11-01 | Binyamin Hajaj | Prosthetic device |
US20070276506A1 (en) * | 2006-05-25 | 2007-11-29 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Demineralized osteochondral plug |
JP5326164B2 (en) * | 2006-09-26 | 2013-10-30 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | Biomaterials and their production methods and applications |
US20080114465A1 (en) * | 2006-11-14 | 2008-05-15 | Zanella John M | Surface treatments of an allograft to improve binding of growth factors and cells |
US20100047309A1 (en) * | 2006-12-06 | 2010-02-25 | Lu Helen H | Graft collar and scaffold apparatuses for musculoskeletal tissue engineering and related methods |
US8753391B2 (en) * | 2007-02-12 | 2014-06-17 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Fully synthetic implantable multi-phased scaffold |
EP1961433A1 (en) * | 2007-02-20 | 2008-08-27 | National University of Ireland Galway | Porous substrates for implantation |
US7909883B2 (en) * | 2007-02-21 | 2011-03-22 | Sidebotham Christopher G | Percutaneous implant for limb salvage |
US7758643B2 (en) * | 2007-02-26 | 2010-07-20 | Biomet Sports Medicine, Llc | Stable cartilage defect repair plug |
US7572294B2 (en) * | 2007-03-07 | 2009-08-11 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Method and apparatus for removing an acetabular bearing |
DE102007014265B4 (en) * | 2007-03-21 | 2009-08-13 | Eska Implants Gmbh & Co.Kg | Joint ball or cap for an artificial hip joint |
US8080483B2 (en) * | 2007-04-05 | 2011-12-20 | Purdue Research Foundation | Double gyroid structure nanoporous films and nanowire networks |
US9125743B2 (en) * | 2007-07-16 | 2015-09-08 | Lifenet Health | Devitalization and recellularization of cartilage |
US20090043398A1 (en) * | 2007-08-09 | 2009-02-12 | Zimmer, Inc. | Method of producing gradient articles by centrifugation molding or casting |
WO2009027525A2 (en) * | 2007-08-29 | 2009-03-05 | Vito Nv | Method for producing a three-dimensional macroporous filament construct based on phase inversion and construct thereby obtained |
EP2214736B1 (en) * | 2007-10-29 | 2014-03-05 | Zimmer, Inc. | Medical implants and methods for delivering biologically active agents |
US8828088B2 (en) * | 2007-11-08 | 2014-09-09 | Linares Medical Devices, Llc | Joint assembly incorporating undercut surface design to entrap accumulating wear debris from plastic joint assembly |
JP5372782B2 (en) * | 2008-01-28 | 2013-12-18 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Biological implant and method for producing the same |
JP5571580B2 (en) * | 2008-01-30 | 2014-08-13 | ジンマー,インコーポレイティド | Low rigidity orthopedic parts |
GB0809721D0 (en) * | 2008-05-28 | 2008-07-02 | Univ Bath | Improvements in or relating to joints and/or implants |
US20090326674A1 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2009-12-31 | Depuy Products, Inc. | Open Celled Metal Implants With Roughened Surfaces and Method for Roughening Open Celled Metal Implants |
US20120209396A1 (en) * | 2008-07-07 | 2012-08-16 | David Myung | Orthopedic implants having gradient polymer alloys |
US20110172798A1 (en) * | 2008-09-04 | 2011-07-14 | Mark Staiger | Structured Porosity or Controlled Porous Architecture Metal Components and Methods of Production |
US8268383B2 (en) * | 2008-09-22 | 2012-09-18 | Depuy Products, Inc. | Medical implant and production thereof |
KR101726885B1 (en) * | 2008-10-17 | 2017-04-26 | 내셔널 유니버시티 오브 싱가포르 | Resorbable scaffolds for bone repair and long bone tissue engineering |
US20100100123A1 (en) * | 2008-10-17 | 2010-04-22 | Confluent Surgical, Inc. | Hemostatic implant |
US8556972B2 (en) * | 2009-04-02 | 2013-10-15 | Sevika Holding AG | Monolithic orthopedic implant with an articular finished surface |
US8308810B2 (en) * | 2009-07-14 | 2012-11-13 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Multiple bearing acetabular prosthesis |
US20110015752A1 (en) * | 2009-07-14 | 2011-01-20 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | System and Method for Acetabular Cup |
US9399086B2 (en) * | 2009-07-24 | 2016-07-26 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc | Implantable medical devices |
US9186190B2 (en) * | 2009-10-02 | 2015-11-17 | Drexel University | Functionalized nanodiamond reinforced biopolymers |
IT1398443B1 (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2013-02-22 | Lima Lto S P A Ora Limacorporate Spa | INTEGRATED PROSTHETIC ELEMENT |
WO2011127147A1 (en) * | 2010-04-06 | 2011-10-13 | Kovio, Inc | Epitaxial structures, methods of forming the same, and devices including the same |
US8979926B2 (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2015-03-17 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Implant components |
EP2404672A1 (en) * | 2010-07-06 | 2012-01-11 | Universiteit Twente | High troughput multiwell system for culturing 3D tissue constructs in-vitro or in-vivo, method for producing said multiwell system and methods for preparing 3D tissue constructs from cells using said multiwell system |
CN101947149B (en) * | 2010-10-08 | 2013-01-02 | 李亚东 | Artificial hip joint consisting of multilayer shell core composite structural components |
US20130178947A1 (en) * | 2012-01-09 | 2013-07-11 | Zimmer, Inc. | Porous metal implants with bone cement |
-
2008
- 2008-05-28 GB GBGB0809721.4A patent/GB0809721D0/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-09-08 WO PCT/GB2008/003027 patent/WO2009144434A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-09-08 EP EP08788557.0A patent/EP2328517B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-09-08 US US12/994,666 patent/US9370426B2/en active Active
- 2008-09-08 ES ES08788557.0T patent/ES2658350T3/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5455100A (en) * | 1991-01-30 | 1995-10-03 | Interpore International | Porous articles and methods for producing same |
US5524695A (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1996-06-11 | Howmedica Inc. | Cast bone ingrowth surface |
US20060276925A1 (en) * | 2003-04-23 | 2006-12-07 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Integrated global layout and local microstructure topology optimization approach for spinal cage design and fabrication |
US20070150068A1 (en) * | 2005-12-23 | 2007-06-28 | Howmedica Osteonics Corp. | Gradient porous implant |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11510787B2 (en) | 2008-12-18 | 2022-11-29 | 4-Web Spine, Inc. | Implant having a shaft coated with a web structure |
WO2011124937A1 (en) * | 2009-07-07 | 2011-10-13 | Eurocoating S.P.A. | Laser process for producing metallic objects, and object obtained therefrom |
ITMO20110115A1 (en) * | 2011-05-16 | 2012-11-17 | Caselli Stefano | OSTEOINDUCTIVE SUPPORT |
EP2811942A4 (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2015-10-21 | 4 Web Inc | Prosthetic implant for ball and socket joints and method of use |
AU2018202175B2 (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2019-11-21 | 4-Web, Inc. | Prosthetic implant for ball and socket joints and method of use |
WO2020053567A1 (en) | 2018-09-10 | 2020-03-19 | Renishaw Plc | Powder bed fusion apparatus and methods |
EP4241738A1 (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2023-09-13 | Waldemar Link GmbH & Co. KG | Non-polygonal porous structure |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US9370426B2 (en) | 2016-06-21 |
EP2328517A1 (en) | 2011-06-08 |
ES2658350T3 (en) | 2018-03-09 |
EP2328517B1 (en) | 2018-01-17 |
US20110125284A1 (en) | 2011-05-26 |
GB0809721D0 (en) | 2008-07-02 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US9370426B2 (en) | Relating to joints and/or implants | |
Jetté et al. | Femoral stem incorporating a diamond cubic lattice structure: Design, manufacture and testing | |
Wang et al. | Hip implant design with three-dimensional porous architecture of optimized graded density | |
Spece et al. | 3D printed porous PEEK created via fused filament fabrication for osteoconductive orthopaedic surfaces | |
US11065126B2 (en) | Interbody implants and optimization features thereof | |
US20210045880A1 (en) | Structural porous biomaterial and implant formed of same | |
US20180256341A1 (en) | Metallic structures having porous regions from imaged bone at pre-defined anatomic locations | |
Mehboob et al. | A novel design, analysis and 3D printing of Ti-6Al-4V alloy bio-inspired porous femoral stem | |
CN103037809B (en) | Implant component and method | |
Viceconti et al. | Even a thin layer of soft tissue may compromise the primary stability of cementless hip stems | |
Martinez-Marquez et al. | Exploring macroporosity of additively manufactured titanium metamaterials for bone regeneration with quality by design: A systematic literature review | |
US20220354989A1 (en) | Polymer Interlock Support Structure and Method of Manufacture Thereof | |
Liu et al. | Femoral stems with porous lattice structures: a review | |
Koc et al. | Biomanufacturing of customized modular scaffolds for critical bone defects | |
Uklejewski et al. | Structural-Geometric Functionalization of the Additively Manufactured Prototype of Biomimetic Multispiked Connecting Ti-Alloy Scaffold for Entirely Noncemented Resurfacing Arthroplasty Endoprostheses | |
Rati et al. | Triply periodic minimal surface-based porous scaffold design and analysis subjected to hard tissue reconstruction | |
Rahmat et al. | Mechanical Characterization of Additively Manufactured Orthopedic Cellular Implants: Case Study on Different Cell Types and Effect of Defects | |
Khanoki et al. | Multiscale design and multiobjective optimization of orthopaedic cellular hip implants | |
Taheri et al. | Radially and axially graded cellular tibial stems for total knee replacement | |
Goharian et al. | Porous structuring process for osseoconductive surface engineering | |
Jadhav et al. | Finite Element Analysis of Prosthetic Hip Implant | |
Zaharin et al. | Influence of Porous Designs on Mechanical Properties of Ti6Al4V for Biomedical Applications | |
Bagheri | Contribution to the manufacture of porous structures for prostheses by means |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 08788557 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2008788557 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 12994666 Country of ref document: US |