WO2005009930A1 - 炭化水素の分離方法および分離装置 - Google Patents
炭化水素の分離方法および分離装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005009930A1 WO2005009930A1 PCT/JP2004/009101 JP2004009101W WO2005009930A1 WO 2005009930 A1 WO2005009930 A1 WO 2005009930A1 JP 2004009101 W JP2004009101 W JP 2004009101W WO 2005009930 A1 WO2005009930 A1 WO 2005009930A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- distillation column
- cooling
- ethane
- liquid
- Prior art date
Links
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 114
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 161
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 52
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 26
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000025174 PANDAS Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000021155 Paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000000220 Panda oleosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016496 Panda oleosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011555 saturated liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
- C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
- C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/002—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by condensation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G5/00—Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from gases, e.g. natural gas
- C10G5/06—Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from gases, e.g. natural gas by cooling or compressing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
- F25J3/0209—Natural gas or substitute natural gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/0233—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/0238—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 2 carbon atoms or more
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/702—Hydrocarbons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/02—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a single pressure main column system
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/70—Refluxing the column with a condensed part of the feed stream, i.e. fractionator top is stripped or self-rectified
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
- F25J2205/04—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum in the feed line, i.e. upstream of the fractionation step
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/08—Cold compressor, i.e. suction of the gas at cryogenic temperature and generally without afterstage-cooler
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/60—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being hydrocarbons or a mixture of hydrocarbons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/12—External refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/60—Closed external refrigeration cycle with single component refrigerant [SCR], e.g. C1-, C2- or C3-hydrocarbons
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for separating hydrocarbons used for separating and recovering ethane or propane from, for example, natural gas, petroleum accompanying gas, or offgas from a refinery or a petrochemical plant.
- a natural component is cooled, and a light component and ethane (or propane) and heavy are cooled by a demethanizer tower or a deethane tower in the case of propane recovery.
- a method of separating a hydrocarbon component by distillation is widely used.
- a propane refrigeration system and a turboexpander are used to cool the natural gas to the temperature required for separation.
- the liquefaction rate of the stream at the outlet of the turbo expander was low, and the reflux effect in the demethanizer (or deethanizer) was low, so the ethane recovery rate was only about 80%.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved method for recovering ethane or propane that can be carried out at low cost without lowering the energy efficiency.
- a raw material gas containing at least methane and a hydrocarbon having a lower volatility than methane is converted into a residual gas enriched with methane and having a thinner hydrocarbon having a lower volatility than methane by using a distillation column.
- a hydrocarbon separation method wherein methane is separated into a hydrocarbon-enriched heavy fraction which is thinner and less volatile than methane,
- step ⁇ (b) supplying the liquid obtained in step ⁇ to a distillation column;
- step (c) expanding the gas obtained in step (a) by an expander, condensing a part of the gas, and performing gas-liquid separation;
- step (d) supplying the liquid obtained in step (c) to the distillation column;
- step (e) branching the gas obtained in step (c) into a first part and a second part;
- a raw material gas containing at least ethane and a hydrocarbon having a lower volatility than ethane is converted into a residual gas which is enriched in ethane and has a thinner hydrocarbon having a lower volatility than ethane by using a distillation column.
- a process for separating hydrocarbons comprising separating gas and a heavy fraction enriched in hydrocarbons, which is thinner and less volatile than ethane,
- step ⁇ (b) supplying the liquid obtained in step ⁇ to a distillation column;
- step (c) expanding the gas obtained in step (a) by an expander, condensing a part of the gas, and performing gas-liquid separation;
- step (d) supplying the liquid obtained in step (c) to the distillation column;
- step (e) branching the gas obtained in step (c) into a first part and a second part;
- the residual gas as a cooling medium in the cooling in the step (g).
- a raw material gas containing at least methane and a hydrocarbon having a lower volatility than methane is produced.
- a distillation column that discharges the residual gas from the top of the column and discharges the heavy fraction from the bottom of the column; cools the raw material gas, condenses part of the raw material gas, and separates the partially condensed raw material gas into gas and liquid. Separation means;
- the gas obtained by the cooling and separating means is expanded and a part thereof is condensed.
- a gas-liquid separator connected to the expander outlet
- Compression means for compressing the second part
- Cooling means for cooling and condensing the gas compressed by the compression means
- Decompression means for decompressing the condensate obtained by the cooling means
- An apparatus for separating hydrocarbons comprising: a line for supplying the condensate depressurized by the decompression means to the distillation column as reflux.
- a raw material gas containing at least ethane and a hydrocarbon having a lower volatility than ethane is converted into a residual gas enriched with ethane and having a lower volatility of a hydrocarbon having a lower volatility than ethane,
- a hydrocarbon separation device that separates into a lower fraction of hydrocarbons enriched with lower volatility
- a distillation column that discharges the residual gas from the top of the column and discharges the heavy fraction from the bottom of the column; cools the raw material gas, condenses part of the raw material gas, and separates the partially condensed raw material gas into gas and liquid. Separation means;
- the gas obtained by the cooling and separating means is expanded and a part thereof is condensed:
- a gas-liquid separator connected to the expander outlet
- Compression means for compressing the second part
- Cooling means for cooling and condensing the gas compressed by the compression means
- Decompression means for decompressing the condensate obtained by the cooling means
- An apparatus for separating hydrocarbons comprising: a line for supplying the condensate depressurized by the decompression means to the distillation column as reflux.
- the cooling means includes a heat exchanger using a residual gas discharged from the top of the tower as a cooling medium.
- the present invention by allowing the entire amount of gas at the turboexpander to pass through the turboexpander, power recovery accompanying the isentropic expansion is not reduced, and the power required to compress the residual gas to a predetermined pressure is increased.
- the cost of the compression equipment does not increase, and the energy required for compression during operation does not need to be increased, and the cost does not increase.
- the gas with high methane or ethane concentration is compressed and condensed and used as a reflux for the distillation column (demethanizer column for methane recovery, demethanizer column for propane recovery) to obtain residual flux.
- High separation efficiency ethane recovery or propane recovery
- FIG. 1 is a process flow chart showing an embodiment of a method for recovering ethane according to the present invention.
- the fluid at the outlet of the turbo expander is subjected to gas-liquid separation, the separated gas is recompressed, heat-exchanged under high pressure with the demethanizer tower top gas, cooled and condensed, and then decompressed.
- the pressure can be reduced by a valve and fed to the demethanizer.
- a motor, a steam turbine, a gas turbine, or a compressor driven by a turbo expander can be used for the compression of the gas at one outlet of the turbo expander.
- the iethane recovery process is a process in which hydrocarbon components contained in the raw material gas are separated into methane, ethane, and heavy components by distillation.
- the ethane recovery process has a distillation column (demethanizer) and equipment to cool the feed gas to the temperature required for distillation. It should be noted that the following description and drawings are merely for explaining preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
- a raw material gas such as natural gas is cooled by one or more heat exchangers, and gas-liquid separated by a low-temperature separator 4.
- the cooling of the raw material gas is performed by heat exchange with a low-temperature residual gas, which is the top gas of the demethanizer 11, propane refrigeration, and heat exchange with the side stream of the demethanizer.
- the rate at which natural gas is condensed varies depending on the composition of natural gas (the proportion of hydrocarbons with 2 or more carbon atoms), and is about 5 mol% to 20 mol%.
- a known heat exchanger such as a plate fin heat exchanger or a multi-tube heat exchanger can be appropriately used.
- a vertical or horizontal vessel (a cylindrical vessel having end plates at both ends) can be used as the low-temperature separator 4, and a mist separator can be provided inside the vessel to increase gas-liquid separation efficiency. .
- a mist separator can be provided inside the vessel to increase gas-liquid separation efficiency.
- the source gas exchanges heat with the residual gas and the side stream F1 of the demethanizer in the first source gas cooler 1, and is cooled by propane refrigeration in the source gas chiller 1-2. Then, heat exchange is performed again with the residual gas and the side stream F3 of the demethanizer. Note that these side streams F1 and F3 are returned to the demethanizer 11 after the heat exchange, respectively (the returned flows are shown as F2 and F4, respectively).
- the gas cooled at the outlet of the turbo expander 5 is separated into gas and liquid by a separator 7 at the outlet of the turbo expander.
- the gas separated by the turbo-expander outlet separator 7 has a higher methane concentration than the gas at the turbo-expander 5 inlet, and is in a state favorable for use as reflux for the demethanizer.
- the gas at the inlet of the turboexpander 5 is used as reflux for the demethanizer (for example, the technology described in US Pat. No. 4,140,504)
- the amount of methane in the residual gas The effect is that the concentration can be increased. This effect can lower the ethane concentration in the residual gas and increase the ethane recovery rate.
- the term "reflux” in a narrow sense means a liquid that condenses the gas at the top of a distillation column and returns the gas to the distillation column again.
- a distillation column is used for the purpose of rectification. Includes liquid supplied to the top of the tower.
- "reflux” is used in a broad sense, and also includes a liquid having a rectifying effect supplied to a distillation column.
- a vertical or horizontal vessel (a cylindrical vessel having end plates at both ends) can be used as the turbo-expander outlet separator 7, and a mist separator is provided inside the vessel in order to increase the gas-liquid separation efficiency. It can also have.
- the gas exiting the turboexpander outlet separator 7 is split into two streams to provide reflux to the demethanizer tower top, while one (line 105) is compressed by the cold compressor 8 and the other. (Line 103) is fed to the demethanizer 11.
- the gas compressed by the low-temperature compressor 8 can be condensed at a relatively high temperature as the pressure increases, and the propane refrigeration and the low-temperature refrigeration are performed by the reflux cooler 9 and the reflux condenser 10, respectively. It is cooled and condensed by heat exchange with the residual gas. Thereafter, the condensed liquid is reduced in pressure to the operating pressure of the demethanizer tower by the pressure reducing valve 14 and fed (supplied) as reflux to the top of the demethanizer tower 11 (line 104).
- the low-temperature compressor 8 for example, a compressor driven by a motor, a steam turbine, a gas turbine, or a turbo expander can be used.
- the type of the compressor can be appropriately selected from known types such as a centrifugal type and a reciprocating type.
- a known heat exchanger such as a plate fin heat exchanger or a multitubular heat exchanger can be used as appropriate.
- the ratio of splitting the gas exiting the turbo-expander outlet separator 7 into the gas sent to the low-temperature compressor 8 (line 105) and the gas fed to the demethanizer (line 103) is determined by the reflux condenser 10
- the ratio that maximizes the liquefaction rate of the condensed fluid as a result of heat exchange with the low-temperature residual gas is preferred.
- the outlet pressure of the low-temperature compressor 8 is increased until the condensing temperature of the compressed gas is suitable for heat exchange with the low-temperature gas. From this viewpoint, it is preferably from 4. OMPa to 7. OMPa. Further, the temperature at the outlet of the reflux cooler (reflux cooler) 9 is preferably a temperature that can be cooled by propane refrigeration. The outlet temperature of the reflux condenser 10 is set at the top of the demethanizer tower after pressure reduction by the pressure reducing valve 14, which is preferably a temperature at which the liquefaction rate of the outlet fluid of the reflux condenser 10 is as high as possible in order to increase the reflux effect.
- a temperature at which the fed reflux (line 104) can be a saturated or near-saturated liquid. This temperature can be about -100 ° C or more and -90 ° C or less. If the outlet temperature of the reflux condenser 10 can be reduced until the required ethane recovery rate can be achieved only by heat exchange with the residual gas, a reflux cooler (return cooling) is required to reduce the load of propane refrigeration. It is not necessary to install 9).
- the demethanizer 11 has, for example, a tray or a packing inside the tower, and separates a highly volatile component and a low volatile component by a distillation operation. From this viewpoint, it is preferable that the pressure of the demethanizer tower be as high as possible within a range where a predetermined ethane recovery rate can be achieved in order to reduce the power required for compressing the residual gas downstream. 5 MPa or less is preferred 2. 5 MPa or more and 3.5 MPa or less is more preferred.
- a reboiler 12 is provided at the bottom of the demethanizer to volatilize methane in the bottom liquid, and heat is applied so that the methane concentration in the bottom liquid becomes a predetermined value or less.
- a residual gas mainly composed of methane from which components such as ethane'propane have been removed is separated.
- the turbo gas is removed. It is compressed to a specified pressure by the compressor 6 driven by the panda and the residual gas compressor 13.
- Ethane 'propane and heavy components are separated from the bottom of the demethanizer 11 as NGL (Natural Gas Liquid).
- NGL Natural Gas Liquid
- the source gas methane and natural gas containing hydrocarbons having a lower volatility than methane are preferable.
- the feed gas may be petroleum associated gas or off-gas from a refinery or petrochemical plant.
- the concentration of hydrocarbons having lower volatility than methane in the source gas is higher, the difference between the methane concentration in the turbo expander 5 inlet gas and the methane concentration in the turbo expander outlet gas separator 7 is larger.
- the effect of improving the reflux according to the present invention is likely to be produced. Therefore, if the concentration of hydrocarbons less volatile than methane in the source gas is 5 mol ° / 0 or more and 50 mol ° / o or less, or 10 mol ° / o or more and 50 mol ° / o or less, The effects of the invention are particularly remarkable.
- the lower the ethane concentration in the residual gas the higher the ethane recovery rate, the lower the ethane concentration in the residual gas, the lower the ethane concentration is preferably 5 mol% or less, more preferably 1 mol%. The following are more preferred.
- the effect of the present invention is remarkable.
- the ethane recovery rate is 90% or more, or even 94% or more, the prior art (for example, US Patent No. 504, or US Pat. No. 5,568,737), the reduction of the energy required for compression is remarkable.
- the ethane recovery rate is about 9094% or more.
- the separation efficiency is high because the methane concentration is higher and reflux is used. Ethane recovery of more than 90% and even more than 94% can be achieved with much lower energy.
- NGL is composed of hydrocarbons having a lower volatility than liquefied and recovered methane, and is sent out, for example, to an NGL fractionation facility provided further downstream, where it is separated into products such as ethane, propane, and butane.
- the methane in the NGL is preferably low enough to satisfy the specifications of the ethane product, preferably 2 mol% or less, more preferably 1 mol% or less.
- the residual gas is compressed by the residual gas compressor 13, a part thereof is branched, and the low temperature After cooling and condensing by heat exchange with the residual gas and refrigeration with propane, reducing the pressure with a pressure reducing valve, it may be fed as reflux to the top of the demethanizer 11.
- the reflux (line 104) leaving the pressure reducing valve 14 is fed slightly below the top of the column (or several steps down if trays are used).
- a higher ethane recovery rate can be expected by using the residual gas having a higher methane concentration as the reflux in addition to the reflux using the gas that has exited the separator 7 of the turboexpander outlet.
- a gas processing plant having the configuration shown in FIG. 1 is used, and a force for explaining an example in which ethane recovery is performed.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- high-pressure natural gas from which water has been removed in advance is introduced into the gas treatment plant under the conditions of 6.24 MPa and 17.1 ° C.
- the composition of the source gas at this time is as shown in Table 1.
- the flow rate is 13,700 kg-mol / h (10 3 mol Z hour).
- Cn (n is a natural number) represents a hydrocarbon having n carbon atoms.
- C5 + represents a hydrocarbon having 5 or more carbon atoms.
- the raw material gas is heat-exchanged in the first raw material gas cooler 1 with the residual gas at-39.7 ° C and the side stream of the demethanizer 11 at-23.3 ° C and cooled to _29 ° C. . After that, it is cooled down to _37 ° C by propane refrigeration in the raw material gas chiller 2, and -51.5 in the second raw material gas cooler 3. C residual gas and — 82.7. C is cooled to -51.5 ° C by heat exchange with the side stream of the demethanizer 11.
- the first raw material gas cooler 1 and the second raw material gas cooler 3 are plate fin heat exchangers
- the raw material gas chiller 12 is a kettle type multi-tube heat exchanger.
- the raw material gas is gas-liquid separated by the low-temperature separator 4.
- the separated gas is methane 93.02 mole 0/0 gas containing.
- the low-temperature separator 4 is a vertical vessel having a mist separator inside (a cylindrical vessel having end plates at both ends).
- the entire amount of the gas at the outlet of the low-temperature separator 4 is sent to the turbo expander 5, where the pressure is reduced to 3.0 MPa.
- the outlet gas is cooled to -82.3 ° C by the effect of isentropic expansion and gives 1,830 kW of power to the compressor 6 driven by the expander.
- the gas at the outlet of the turbo expander 5 is gas-liquid separated by the separator 7 at the turbo expander outlet.
- the turbo-expander one-outlet separator 7 is a vertical vessel having a mist separator inside (a cylindrical vessel having end plates at both ends).
- the gas exiting the turbo-expander outlet separator 7 is divided at a ratio of 4: 6 and sent to the low-temperature compressor 8 and the demethanizer 11 driven by a motor, respectively (40% to the low-temperature compressor (line 105). ), 60% for demethanizer (line 103)).
- the gas sent to the low-temperature compressor 8 was compressed to 6.2 MPa and cooled to -94.7 ° C by propane refrigeration and heat exchange with low-temperature residual gas in the reflux cooler 9 and the reflux condenser 10, respectively. Is condensed. Thereafter, the condensed liquid is reduced in pressure to 2.8 MPa by the pressure reducing valve 14 and fed to the top of the demethanizer 11 as reflux (line 104). At this time, the required power of the low-temperature compressor 8 is 1,540 kW.
- the demethanizer 11 has a 40-stage tray installed inside, and the reflux condensed by the reflux condenser 10 is fed from the top of the tower to the first tray via the pressure reducing valve 14. (Line 104), the outlet force of the turboexpander outlet separator 7 The split gas is fed to the eighth tray from the top (Line 103).
- the liquid separated by the turbo expander outlet separator 7 is fed to the twelfth stage from the top of the column (line 102). Further, the liquid separated by the low-temperature separator 4 is depressurized to 2.82 MPa by the decompression valve 15, and then fed to the 17th stage from the top of the column (line 101).
- the demethanizer 11 is operated at 2.8 MPa and -96.7 ° C at the top of the tower, and at 2.85 MPa and 25.4 ° C at the bottom of the tower.
- the temperature at the bottom of the tower is determined by the equilibrium temperature at which the methane concentration in the NGL becomes 1 mol% or less.
- 2.23 MW of heat is added from the reboiler 12.
- the composition of the residual gas separated from the top of the demethanizer 11 and the composition of NGL separated from the bottom of the tower are as shown in Table 2.
- Flow rate remains Gas 12, 385kg- mol / hr (10 3 moles / hr), NGL is 1, 31513 ⁇ 4_11101 / hr (10 3 Mo
- the residual gas exiting the top of the demethanizer 11 exchanges heat with the reflux and the raw material gas, and reaches 13.2 ° C at the outlet of the first raw material gas cooler 1. After that, it is compressed to 3.3MPa by compressor 6 driven by a turbo expander, and 3MPa by residual gas compressor 13.
- the refrigeration load is the heat load of the open pan refrigeration system for the raw material gas chiller (raw gas chiller 1 in Fig. 1), and a smaller value means that the propane refrigeration equipment becomes smaller. .
- Example 1 As is apparent from a comparison of these, in Example 1, the refrigeration load and the compressor power were lower than in the case of recovering ethane by the technique described in US Patent No. 4,140,504. It is possible to improve the ethane recovery rate despite the fact that is small. [0054] A decrease in the refrigeration load means a decrease in the propane refrigeration equipment capacity, which has the effect of reducing the energy consumed by the propane refrigeration equipment and reducing the equipment cost of propane refrigeration.
- a decrease in compressor power has the effect of reducing energy consumption.
- expensive gas turbines are often used for driving residual gas compressors that require large power, a relatively inexpensive motor is used as the driving machine by drastically reducing the compressor power. There is an effect that can be.
- Refrigeration load 2.90 MW 2.70 MW Residual gas compressor 3950 kW 1510 kW
Abstract
Description
Claims
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JP2005511987A JP4452239B2 (ja) | 2003-07-24 | 2004-06-28 | 炭化水素の分離方法および分離装置 |
US10/506,241 US7357003B2 (en) | 2003-07-24 | 2004-06-28 | Process and apparatus for separation of hydrocarbons |
EP04746570.3A EP1695951B1 (en) | 2003-07-24 | 2004-06-28 | Method and apparatus for separating hydrocarbon |
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JP2008523186A (ja) * | 2004-12-08 | 2008-07-03 | シエル・インターナシヨネイル・リサーチ・マーチヤツピイ・ベー・ウイ | 液化天然ガス流の製造方法及び装置 |
JP2008531964A (ja) * | 2005-02-24 | 2008-08-14 | ツヴィスター・ベー・ウイ | 天然ガス流を冷却し、冷却流を各種フラクションに分離する方法及びシステム |
JP2016539300A (ja) * | 2013-10-09 | 2016-12-15 | ルマス テクノロジー インコーポレイテッド | 等圧オープン冷凍lpg回収に対する分割供給添加 |
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JP2021076261A (ja) * | 2019-11-05 | 2021-05-20 | 東洋エンジニアリング株式会社 | 炭化水素の分離方法及び分離装置 |
CN110846066A (zh) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-02-28 | 山东华网智能科技股份有限公司 | 一种井口套管伴生气回收装置 |
CN110846066B (zh) * | 2020-01-15 | 2021-01-29 | 山东华网智能科技股份有限公司 | 一种井口套管伴生气回收装置 |
Also Published As
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EP1695951A4 (en) | 2012-02-29 |
US7357003B2 (en) | 2008-04-15 |
JP4452239B2 (ja) | 2010-04-21 |
EP1695951B1 (en) | 2014-08-27 |
US20050155382A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 |
JPWO2005009930A1 (ja) | 2007-09-27 |
EP1695951A1 (en) | 2006-08-30 |
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