WO2003058797A1 - Power factor controller - Google Patents
Power factor controller Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003058797A1 WO2003058797A1 PCT/CA2003/000009 CA0300009W WO03058797A1 WO 2003058797 A1 WO2003058797 A1 WO 2003058797A1 CA 0300009 W CA0300009 W CA 0300009W WO 03058797 A1 WO03058797 A1 WO 03058797A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- power supply
- line
- power factor
- power
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
- H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
- H02M1/4225—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a non-isolated boost converter
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electronic power supply and more particularly to a power factor controller or corrector (PFC).
- PFC power factor controller or corrector
- PFCs have the following drawbacks: They use a double feedback loop, i.e. one to sense the line current and the other to sense the output voltage. This arrangement requires heavy calculating power in the chips that generate the driving pulse width to the power FETs;
- the power factor controller or corrector of the present invention comprises separating load and line regulations in the power supply circuit and providing a 1/x 2 modulator module for the line regulation in which switching
- the load regulation is preferably achieved by a 1/v pulsewidth generator which generates
- the power factor controller of the present invention may be advantageously combined with a hybrid power supply, such as disclosed and claimed in U.S. Patent No. 5,357,418 and having a 1/x frequency modulating module. The combination comprises cascading the 1/x 2 module with the 1/x module.
- the PFC boost circuit will exhibit the following properties:
- the AC line current will be sinusoidal, i.e. will look like the AC line voltage
- the output DC voltage will be about 450 VDC for AC line variations from 85 VAC to 265 VAC. Shown input/output relationship represents a theoretical view on the present power factor corrected power supplies.
- Fig. 1 shows a previously used electronic power supply which is neither
- Fig. 2 shows a block-diagram of the PFC control system of the present invention
- Fig. 3 shows an electronic circuitry illustrations of block-diagram of Fig. 2;
- Fig. 4 shows a cascade arrangement of module of the present invention with module of U.S. Patent No. 5,357,418.
- Fig. 5 shows a diagram of voltage/current phases of the present invention
- Fig. 6 shows a diagram of voltage/current phases of known power supply systems which are not PCF controlled.
- An electronic power supply can be defined as a power converter converting AC line voltage (115 VAC or 220 VAC) into a DC voltage necessary to feed any electromc circuitry.
- the simplest electronic power supply is shown on Fig. 1 and includes a very primitive transformer (TR), rectifying bridge (BR) of capacitor (C) type.
- TR transformer
- BR rectifying bridge
- C capacitor
- Transient response is too low and severely limits the frequency response of user's power circuitry, such as power amplifiers, plasma electrodes, etc.
- High efficiency means the following: • All power which is not used in the load is going to generate heat in the power supply of the user's circuitry. In the past, 75% to 80% efficiency was considered to be acceptable, but in the future, it may be insufficient in view of the following reasons:
- size/weight proportions are about 2-3 cubic inches /l lb (70-100 cubic cm/1 kg) per regulated 1 watt produced.
- the proportion could be even more if the user can handle the heat dissipation problem with which he does not feel comfortable unless he is a heat transfer expert.
- High power factor means the following:
- Power supply should consider the hydro line as a pure ohmic resistor, i.e. current drawn from the grid is sinusoidal with less than 3 amps of harmonic 3 content. Ideally, the power factor should be around 99%. However, nearly all power supplies designed before 1990, and quite a few now have a power factor of around 66%.
- the PFC controller of the present invention was designed with a view of the following factors: • to satisfy impending compulsory PFC requirements for all power supplies above 300 watts in view of IEC 555-2 and other IEC norms;
- Patent No. 5,357,418 clearly separating the line regulation (open loop) from the load regulation (closed loop). This feature allows the use of a single basic equation and to increase predictability of the circuitry. Such approach is general and may be applicable to any power output (watts to kilowatts). It can be shown both mathematically and experimentally that the power output
- P is wanted output power in watts
- F is frequency of switching of power FETs in kilohertz
- V is line RMS voltage in volts
- PW is pulsewidth in microseconds
- L is value of power inductance in millihenries.
- Fig. 2 of the drawings which shows a block-diagram of the PFC controller of the present invention, it provides the following:
- Line regulation step For a given constant power, if line varies for example from 1 lOv to 220v
- Load regulation step In case the load demand varies abruptly, for example from 5 KW to 0 watts, choke will tend to force 5KW into an open circuit, which will raise the output voltage to infinity if pulsewidth is not decreased rapidly to about 0 microseconds. In other words, pulsewidth has to be decreased very fast when output voltages increase.
- Block 2 represents a 1/v pulsewidth generator which will generate a pulse duration which is inversely proportional to V, wherein V comes from differential gain represented by block 4.
- Block 4 produces a control voltage which is proportional to the difference between a fraction of the output voltage and a fixed reference voltage.
- Loop delay represented by block 3 is analogous to a time lag circuitry used in analog control loops, such as Bode or Nyquist criterion techniques.
- block 1 is provided for line regulation and blocks 2, 3 and 4 are
- Fig. 3 shows a preferred embodiment of the circuit representing blocks 1-4 of
- U3 of block 1 is a simple logic CMOS standard (CD 4007) dual complementary pair plus inverter logic gate used for its analog properties.
- This chip contains one P-channel FET and one N-channel FET which can be used as a non- linear voltage controlled resistor.
- R9, R10 and Rll When connected to inverters of the same chip through R9, R10 and Rll, a non-linear voltage controlled oscillator is formed, the
- U4 of block 2 which is a standard CMOS (CD4047).
- U4 is producing fixed duration pulses 100 nanoseconds wide. These short pulses are applied to U5 FET driver (TC 427) which puts element Ql (IRFZ40) of block 2 "ON" in about 30
- comparator U6 switches to a logic "1" state. With subsequent proper gating, net result is a pulse of duration proportional to the voltage
- Voltage appearing on the load side is firstly divided in block 4 into 7.8 VDC corresponding to 350 VDC and 10 VDC corresponding to 450 VDC. Difference between this voltage and a fixed reference voltage of 10 V is amplified by a factor of
- the buffer of block 3 comprises amplifier Lm324/2 element, wherein pin 7 strapped to pin 6 provides infinite input impedance at pin 5 and near "0" output impedance at pin 7.
- Boost circuit can output DC voltage several times higher than the peak voltage
- Input should look to the grid line (110 VAC, 220 VAC, 550 VAC, etc.) like a pure ohmic resistor;
- the current drawn should be pure sinusoid (see Fig. 5), in phase with the AC line voltage.
- the voltage/current relationship shown in Fig. 5 is present in any PFC controlled power supply, including that of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 shows a configuration of the current line which is not useful
- Fig. 4 represents an arrangement according to U.S. Patent No. 5,357,418 in combination with the PFC controller of the present invention.
- Fig. 4 represents an arrangement according to U.S. Patent No. 5,357,418 in combination with the PFC controller of the present invention.
- a 0-lOOV, 10 amps (1 kilowatt) adjustable regulated power supply When cascading one 1/x 2 PFC module of the present invention and one 1/x module of the U. S. Patent No. 5,357,418, as shown in Fig. 4, it is possible to realize, for example, a 0-lOOV, 10 amps (1 kilowatt) adjustable regulated power supply.
- Size and weight 500 cubic inches, 10 lb (2w/cubic inch, lOOw/lb).
- linear grade i.e. line + load of 0.01%, transient response - 20 microseconds, output impedance - 20 milliohms;
- switching type regulated supplies have the following characteristics:
- Ripple + noise 150 millivolt peak to peak.
- a customer has to make a difficult choice between a well regulated, but very hot power supply and a cool, but badly regulated power supply.
- the customer has to pick the lesser of two evils,- but always will have non-negligible risks.
- Separate PFC modules do exist, which will deliver 450 VDC outputs, but the customer is left with the problem of converting the 450 VDC to lower voltages.
- a similar, or at least very close arrangement may be used for efficient, high power battery chargers (kilowatts), efficient, high power current sources (kilowatts) and efficient, high power sinewave inverters (kilowatts).
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002471231A CA2471231A1 (en) | 2002-01-11 | 2003-01-09 | Power factor controller |
AU2003201234A AU2003201234A1 (en) | 2002-01-11 | 2003-01-09 | Power factor controller |
US10/500,164 US7006367B2 (en) | 2002-01-11 | 2003-01-09 | Power factor controller |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US34705202P | 2002-01-11 | 2002-01-11 | |
US60/347,052 | 2002-01-11 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003058797A1 true WO2003058797A1 (en) | 2003-07-17 |
Family
ID=23362119
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CA2003/000009 WO2003058797A1 (en) | 2002-01-11 | 2003-01-09 | Power factor controller |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7006367B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003201234A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2471231A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003058797A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
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---|---|---|---|---|
EP1603219A1 (en) * | 2004-05-25 | 2005-12-07 | TridonicAtco GmbH & Co. KG | Method and device for power factor correction |
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US9504118B2 (en) | 2015-02-17 | 2016-11-22 | Cirrus Logic, Inc. | Resistance measurement of a resistor in a bipolar junction transistor (BJT)-based power stage |
US9609701B2 (en) | 2015-02-27 | 2017-03-28 | Cirrus Logic, Inc. | Switch-mode drive sensing of reverse recovery in bipolar junction transistor (BJT)-based power converters |
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-
2003
- 2003-01-09 US US10/500,164 patent/US7006367B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-01-09 WO PCT/CA2003/000009 patent/WO2003058797A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-01-09 AU AU2003201234A patent/AU2003201234A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-01-09 CA CA002471231A patent/CA2471231A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US5357418A (en) * | 1991-05-02 | 1994-10-18 | Robert Clavel | Hybrid power supply for converting an alternating input signal into a direct output signal |
EP0580919A1 (en) * | 1992-07-28 | 1994-02-02 | STMicroelectronics S.r.l. | Frequency modulated switching power supply |
EP0631371A2 (en) * | 1993-06-25 | 1994-12-28 | AT&T Corp. | Circuit for estimating a peak or RMS value of a sinusoidal voltage waveform |
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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DALLAGO E ET AL: "POWER FACTOR CORRECTOR WITH A MULTIPLIER CONTROL STAGE BASED ON THEDELTA-SIGMA TECHNIQUE", EPE '97. 7TH. EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON POWER ELECTRONICS AND APPLICATIONS. TRONDHEIM, SEPT. 8 - 10, 1997, EPE. EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON POWER ELECTRONICS AND APPLICATIONS, BRUSSELS, EPE ASSOCIATION, B, vol. 2 CONF. 7, 8 September 1997 (1997-09-08), pages 2918 - 2922, XP000792395, ISBN: 90-75815-02-6 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1603219A1 (en) * | 2004-05-25 | 2005-12-07 | TridonicAtco GmbH & Co. KG | Method and device for power factor correction |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20050057237A1 (en) | 2005-03-17 |
US7006367B2 (en) | 2006-02-28 |
CA2471231A1 (en) | 2003-07-17 |
AU2003201234A1 (en) | 2003-07-24 |
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