WO2003038733A1 - Method for the self-trimming of a resonance circuit - Google Patents

Method for the self-trimming of a resonance circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003038733A1
WO2003038733A1 PCT/DE2002/003985 DE0203985W WO03038733A1 WO 2003038733 A1 WO2003038733 A1 WO 2003038733A1 DE 0203985 W DE0203985 W DE 0203985W WO 03038733 A1 WO03038733 A1 WO 03038733A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
transponder
tuning
capacity
voltage
value
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PCT/DE2002/003985
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Horst Symanzik
Falk Hofmann
Joerg Eichler
Stefan Schubert
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Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden Ag
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Publication of WO2003038733A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003038733A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
    • G06K19/0726—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs the arrangement including a circuit for tuning the resonance frequency of an antenna on the record carrier
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for transmitting and receiving signals by a transponder, in which the transponder is brought into an alternating electromagnetic field of a transponder reading and / or writing device, which excites a resonant circuit in the transponder, which on the one hand supplies a voltage for the voltage supply of the transponder is induced and, on the other hand, when its full function is reached, the alternating electromagnetic field is modulated and data is transmitted and processed by this modulation.
  • transponders operated without external power supply, which draw their energy from an electromagnetic field.
  • a voltage is induced in a coil.
  • the coil forms an oscillating circuit with a capacitance connected in parallel. The better the resonance frequency of the resonant circuit and the frequency of the electromagnetic wave match, the more energy the transponder can draw from the electromagnetic field and the further it can operate from the transmitter of the electromagnetic wave.
  • the resonance frequency of the resonant circuit can be due to component tolerances, temperature influences, influences from the environment of the transponder, e.g. Metal bodies, and mutual influence of neighboring transponders vary.
  • Fig. 1 shows a resonant circuit with tunable capacitance
  • Fig. 2 shows an arrangement for precharging the transponder according to the invention.
  • a method is described which enables the resonance circuit to self-adjust while the transponder is in operation.
  • the innovation is the self-comparison during operation and the procedures used for this.
  • the voltage monitoring unit (2) first activates the tuning unit (3). All other transponder units that are not required are switched off during the tuning process in order to save energy.
  • a first tuning method is based on the detection of the phase of current and voltage on the resonance circuit (1).
  • the absent direction results from the phase position.
  • the tunable capacitance is correspondingly reduced or increased until current and voltage are in phase or a maximum voltage is reached. It is also possible to cancel the voting process after a fixed time.
  • An alternative tuning method is a hardware-implemented gradient search method.
  • the tuning direction is determined by a simple state machine or a microcontroller. If the voltage is smaller than n in the case of n consecutive tuning steps than in the previous tuning step, the tuning direction is changed. This process becomes iterative repeated until a maximum voltage is reached. Again, there is the option of canceling the tuning process after a fixed time or continuing to tune in larger time steps after a fixed time. Corresponding large pauses are inserted between the individual iteration steps so that the transponder can again absorb sufficient energy from the electromagnetic field.
  • the setting value determined after the tuning process is stored in a memory (4).
  • a non-volatile memory it is possible to save the last tuning value over a period in which the transponder is not supplied with energy. This means that the last tuning value can be used as the starting point for the next voting process.
  • a first rough tuning of the resonance circuit (1) can take place after the production to compensate for manufacturing-related component tolerances.
  • the resonance circuit (1) is tuned to a reference frequency and the tuning value for the adjustable capacitance is stored in the non-volatile memory.
  • the tuning value is only kept for the time in which the transponder is being supplied with energy. In this case, the next tuning process is started after the transponder is again supplied with energy of a predetermined value for the tunable capacity.
  • the individual change steps for the capacity value can be fixed or adaptively adjustable per iteration.
  • the transponder (6) can be precharged when it approaches the reading unit (5).
  • a slowly frequency-modulated carrier signal (7) is either temporarily generated by the reading unit (5) (time-multiplexed) or generated by a separate coil (8) at another location (diversity-multiplexed).

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the transmission and receiving of signals by means of a transponder (6), whereby the transponder is placed in an alternating electromagnetic field of a transponder read and/or write device (5). The aim of said invention is to improve the efficiency of said transponders, in other words the range thereof, whilst guaranteeing a read and write security without changing the normal parameters, such as, for example, the transmission power of the transponder read and/or write device (5). Said aim is achieved, whereby a self-trimming of the resonance frequency of the oscillating circuit (1) takes place in the transponder, when the above is placed in the alternating field (7) of the transponder read and/or write device. The self-trimming thus occurs before the transponder (6) achieves full function.

Description

Verfahren zum Selbstabgleich eines ResonanzSchaltkreises Method for self-balancing a resonance circuit
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Senden und Empfangen von Signalen durch einen Transponder, bei dem der Transponder in ein elektomagnetisches Wechselfeld einer Transponder-Lese- und/oder -schreibeinrichtung gebracht wird, das einen Schwingkreis in dem Transponder erregt, der einerseits eine Spannung zur SpannungsVersorgung des Transponders induziert und andererseits bei Erreichen seiner vollen Funktion das elektromagnetische Wechselfeld moduliert und durch diese Modulation Daten übertragen und verarbeitet werden.The invention relates to a method for transmitting and receiving signals by a transponder, in which the transponder is brought into an alternating electromagnetic field of a transponder reading and / or writing device, which excites a resonant circuit in the transponder, which on the one hand supplies a voltage for the voltage supply of the transponder is induced and, on the other hand, when its full function is reached, the alternating electromagnetic field is modulated and data is transmitted and processed by this modulation.
Eine mögliche Anwendung sind ohne externe Spannungs ersorgung betriebene Transponder, welche ihre Energie aus einem elektromagnetischen Feld beziehen. In einer Spule wird dabei eine Spannung induziert. Die Spule bildet mit einer parallel geschalteten Kapazität einen Schwingkreis . Je besser die Resonanzfrequenz des Schwingkreises und die Frequenz der elektromagnetischen Welle übereinstimmen, desto mehr Energie kann der Transponder aus dem elektromagnetischen Feld beziehen, und desto weiter kann er vom Sender der elektromagnetischen Welle operieren.One possible application is transponders operated without external power supply, which draw their energy from an electromagnetic field. A voltage is induced in a coil. The coil forms an oscillating circuit with a capacitance connected in parallel. The better the resonance frequency of the resonant circuit and the frequency of the electromagnetic wave match, the more energy the transponder can draw from the electromagnetic field and the further it can operate from the transmitter of the electromagnetic wave.
Die Resonanzfrequenz des Schwingkreises kann auf Grund von Bauelementetoleranzen, Temperatureinflüssen, Einwirkungen aus der Umgebung des Transponders, z.B. Metallkörpern, und gegenseitiger Beeinflussung benachbarter Transponder variieren.The resonance frequency of the resonant circuit can be due to component tolerances, temperature influences, influences from the environment of the transponder, e.g. Metal bodies, and mutual influence of neighboring transponders vary.
Es ist somit Aufgabe der Erfindung, die Wirksamkeit von Transpondern, d.h. deren Reichweite bei Gewährleistung einer Lese- und Schreibsicherheit ohne Veränderung der übrigen Parameter, wie z.B. der Sendeleistung der Transponder-Lese- und/oder -schreibeinrichtung zu erhöhen.It is therefore an object of the invention to determine the effectiveness of transponders, ie their range while ensuring read and write security without changing the other parameters, such as the transmission power of the transponder readers. and / or to increase writing device.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit den Merkmalen des Hauptanspruches 1 gelöst. Besondere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen 2 bis 11 dargestellt.This object is achieved with the features of main claim 1. Particular embodiments of the invention are presented in subclaims 2 to 11.
Die Erfindung soll nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungs- beispieles näher erläutert werden. In den zugehörigen Zeichnungen zeigtThe invention will be explained in more detail below on the basis of an exemplary embodiment. In the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1 einen Resonanzschwingkreis mit abstimmbarer Kapazität undFig. 1 shows a resonant circuit with tunable capacitance and
Fig. 2 eine Anordnung zur Voraufladung des erfindungsgemäßen Transponders .Fig. 2 shows an arrangement for precharging the transponder according to the invention.
Es wird ein Verfahren beschrieben, welches den Selbstabgleich des Resonanzkreises während des Betriebes des Transponders ermöglicht. Die Neuerung ist dabei der Selbstabgleich während des Betriebes und die dazu verwendeten Verfahren.A method is described which enables the resonance circuit to self-adjust while the transponder is in operation. The innovation is the self-comparison during operation and the procedures used for this.
Sobald der Transponder mit Energie versorgt wird, aktiviert die Spannungsüberwachungseinheit (2) zuerst die Abstimmeinheit (3) . Alle anderen nicht benötigten Einheiten des Transponders sind während des Abstimmvorganges abgeschalten, um Energie zu sparen.As soon as the transponder is supplied with energy, the voltage monitoring unit (2) first activates the tuning unit (3). All other transponder units that are not required are switched off during the tuning process in order to save energy.
Eine erste Abstimmmethode basiert auf der Detektierung der Phase von Strom und Spannung an dem Resonanzkreis (1) . Aus der Phasenlage ergibt sich die Abs immrichtung. Im Resonanzkreis (1) wird die abstimmbare Kapazität entsprechend verringert oder erhöht, bis Strom und Spannung in Phase sind, oder eine maximale Spannung erreicht wird. Es besteht auch die Möglichkeit, den Abstimmvorgang nach einer festen Zeit abzubrechen.A first tuning method is based on the detection of the phase of current and voltage on the resonance circuit (1). The absent direction results from the phase position. In the resonant circuit (1), the tunable capacitance is correspondingly reduced or increased until current and voltage are in phase or a maximum voltage is reached. It is also possible to cancel the voting process after a fixed time.
Eine alternative Abstimmmethode ist ein hardwareimplementiertes Gradientensuchverfahren. Bei diesem wird die Abstimmrichtung durch eine einfache Zustandsmaschine oder einen Mikrokontroller bestimmt. Ist bei n von m aufeinanderfolgenden Abstimmschritten die Spannung kleiner als beim vorherigen Abstimmschritt, wird die Abstimmrichtung gewechselt. Dieser Vorgang wird iterativ wiederholt bis eine maximale Spannung erreicht wird. Es besteht wiederum die Möglichkeit, den Abstimmvorgang nach einer festen Zeit abzubrechen oder nach einer festen Zeit in größeren Zeitschritten weiter abzustimmen. Zwischen den einzelnen Iterationsschritten werden entsprechende große Pausen eingelegt, damit der Transponder wieder genügend Energie aus dem elektromagnetischen Feld aufnehmen kann.An alternative tuning method is a hardware-implemented gradient search method. The tuning direction is determined by a simple state machine or a microcontroller. If the voltage is smaller than n in the case of n consecutive tuning steps than in the previous tuning step, the tuning direction is changed. This process becomes iterative repeated until a maximum voltage is reached. Again, there is the option of canceling the tuning process after a fixed time or continuing to tune in larger time steps after a fixed time. Corresponding large pauses are inserted between the individual iteration steps so that the transponder can again absorb sufficient energy from the electromagnetic field.
Der nach dem Abstimmvorgang ermittelte Einstellwert wird in einem Speicher (4) abgespeichert. Bei Verwendung eines nichtflüchtigen Speichers ist es möglich, den letzten Abstimmwert über eine Periode zu speichern in der der Transponder nicht mit Energie versorgt wird. Dadurch kann der letzte Abstimmwert als Startpunkt für den nächsten Abstimmvorgang genutzt werden. Des Weiteren kann nach der Fertigung zum Ausgleich fertigungsbedingter Bauteiletoleranzen eine erste Grobabstimmung des Resonanzkreises (1) erfolgen. Dabei wird der Resonanzkreis (1) auf eine Referenzfrequenz abgestimmt und der Abstimmwert für die einstellbare Kapazität im nichtflüchtigen Speicher abgelegt.The setting value determined after the tuning process is stored in a memory (4). When using a non-volatile memory, it is possible to save the last tuning value over a period in which the transponder is not supplied with energy. This means that the last tuning value can be used as the starting point for the next voting process. Furthermore, a first rough tuning of the resonance circuit (1) can take place after the production to compensate for manufacturing-related component tolerances. The resonance circuit (1) is tuned to a reference frequency and the tuning value for the adjustable capacitance is stored in the non-volatile memory.
Bei Verwendung eines flüchtigen Speichers wird der Abstimmwert nur für die Zeit, in der der Transponder mit Energie versorgt wird, gehalten. In diesem Fall wird der nächste Abstimmvorgang nach erneuter Versorgung des Transponders mit Energie von einem vorgegebenen Wert für die abstimmbare Kapazität gestartet.If a volatile memory is used, the tuning value is only kept for the time in which the transponder is being supplied with energy. In this case, the next tuning process is started after the transponder is again supplied with energy of a predetermined value for the tunable capacity.
Die einzelnen Änderungsschritte für den Kapazitätswert können pro Iteration fest oder adaptiv einstellbar sein.The individual change steps for the capacity value can be fixed or adaptively adjustable per iteration.
Um den Transponder (6) mit einer Startenergie zu versorgen, die die Abstimmeinheit (3) anfänglich speist, kann der Transponder (6) bei Annäherung an die Leseeinheit (5) vorgeladen werden. Dabei wird ein langsam frequenzmoduliertes Trägersignal (7) entweder von der Leseeinheit (5) zeitweise erzeugt (zeitmulti- plex) oder von einer separaten Spule (8) an einem anderen Ort (diversitymultiplex) erzeugt. In order to supply the transponder (6) with a starting energy that initially feeds the tuning unit (3), the transponder (6) can be precharged when it approaches the reading unit (5). A slowly frequency-modulated carrier signal (7) is either temporarily generated by the reading unit (5) (time-multiplexed) or generated by a separate coil (8) at another location (diversity-multiplexed).
Verfahren zum Selbstabgleich eines ResonanzSchaltkreisesMethod for self-balancing a resonance circuit
BezugzeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
abstimmbare Kapazität eine Spannungsüberwachungseinheit Abstimmeinheit Speicher Transponder-Lese- und/oder -schreibeinrichtung Transponder Wechselfeld Spule tunable capacity a voltage monitoring unit tuning unit memory transponder reading and / or writing device transponder alternating field coil

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zum Senden und Empfangen von Signalen durch einen Transponder, bei dem der Transponder in ein elektomagneti- sches Wechselfeld einer Transponder-Lese- und/oder schreibeinrichtung gebracht wird, das einen Schwingkreis in dem Transponder erregt, der einerseits eine Spannung zur Spannungsversorgung des Transponders induziert und andererseits bei Erreichen seiner vollen Funktion das elektromagnetische Wechselfeld moduliert und durch diese Modulation Daten übertragen und verarbeitet werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Selbstabgleich der Resonanzfrequenz des Schwingkreises in dem Transponder erfolgt, wenn dieser in das Wechselfeld der Transponder-Lese- und/oder schreibeinrichtung gelangt, wobei der Selbstabgleich erfolgt, bevor der Transponder seine volle Funktion erlangt.1. Method for sending and receiving signals by a transponder, in which the transponder is brought into an alternating electromagnetic field of a transponder reading and / or writing device, which excites an oscillating circuit in the transponder, which on the one hand supplies a voltage to supply the Transponder induces and on the other hand modulates the electromagnetic alternating field when its full function is achieved and data is transmitted and processed by this modulation, characterized in that the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit is self-balanced in the transponder when it is in the alternating field of the transponder reading and / or writing device, whereby the self-adjustment takes place before the transponder reaches its full function.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Selbstabgleich durch eine Einstellung der Kapazität des Schwingkreises erfolgt, wobei die Abstimmung beginnt, sobald der Transponder mit ausreichend Energie versorgt wird, und dass alle nicht benötigen Einheiten des Transponders während des Abstimmvorganges abgeschaltet sind.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the self-adjustment is carried out by adjusting the capacitance of the resonant circuit, the tuning begins as soon as the transponder is supplied with sufficient energy, and that all unnecessary units of the transponder are switched off during the tuning process.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei der Abstimmung die Kapazität in Änderungsschritten verändert wird und dass die Anderungsschritte der Kapazität des Schwingkreises (1) fest oder adaptiv einstellbar sind. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the capacity is changed in change steps during the tuning and that the steps of changing the capacity of the resonant circuit (1) are fixed or adaptively adjustable.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 3 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kapazität in einem Regelkreis als Regelgröße bis zu einem Maximum einer Messgröße verändert wird.4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the capacity in a control loop is changed as a controlled variable up to a maximum of a measured variable.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wert der Kapazität bei einem erreichten Maximum der Messgröße oder ein dieser Kapazität entsprechender Wert in einem flüchtigen oder nichtflüchtigen Speicher gespeichert und mit diesem Wert bei einem erneuten Einbringen des Transponders in das Wechselfeld die Kapazität direkt eingestellt wird.5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the value of the capacity when a maximum of the measured variable is reached or a value corresponding to this capacity is stored in a volatile or non-volatile memory and with this value the capacity directly when the transponder is reintroduced into the alternating field is set.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Messgröße die im Resonanzkreis (1) detektierte Phase von Strom und Spannung ist.6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the measured variable is the phase of current and voltage detected in the resonance circuit (1).
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abstimmvorgang, dann, wenn Strom und Spannung in Phase sind, eine maximale Spannung erreicht ist oder nach einer festen Zeit abgebrochen wird.7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the tuning process, when current and voltage are in phase, a maximum voltage is reached or is terminated after a fixed time.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wert der Kapazität durch ein Gradientensuchverfahren bestimmt wird, bei dem die Abstimmrichtung durch eine einfache Zustandsmaschine oder einen Mikrokontroller bestimmt wird, und der Wert der abstimmbaren Kapazität entsprechend verringert oder erhöht wird, wobei die Abstimmrichtung gewechselt wird, wenn bei n von m aufeinanderfolgenden Abstimmschritten die Spannung kleiner ist als beim vorherigen Abstimmschritt, und der Vorgang iterativ wiederholt wird, bis eine maximale Spannung erreicht wird, oder nach einer festen Zeit abgebrochen bzw. der Vorgang in größeren Zeitabständen fortgesetzt wird und wobei die Pausen zwischen den einzelnen Iterationsschritten hinreichend groß sind, dass der Transponder genügend Energie für den nächsten Iterationsschritt aufnehmen kann.8. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the value of the capacity is determined by a gradient search method in which the tuning direction is determined by a simple state machine or a microcontroller, and the value of the tunable capacity is correspondingly reduced or increased, the tuning direction is changed when the voltage is lower than in the previous tuning step for n of m consecutive tuning steps, and the process is repeated iteratively until a maximum voltage is reached, or is terminated after a fixed time or the process is continued at larger intervals and where the pauses between the individual iteration steps are sufficiently long that the transponder can absorb enough energy for the next iteration step.
9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Transponder derart programmiert wird, dass bei einer ersten Programmierung ein Grobabgleich er- folgt, bei dem der Resonanzkreis (1) mit einer externen Referenzschwingung beaufschlagt wird, dass dabei eine Bestimmung der Kapazität mit dem bestmöglichen Resonanzergebnis vorgenommen und der dabei auftretende Wert für die einstellbare Kapazität in einem nichtflüchtigen Speicher abgelegt wird.9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the transponder is programmed in such a way that during a first programming a rough comparison is made. follows, in which an external reference oscillation is applied to the resonant circuit (1), the capacitance is determined with the best possible resonance result and the value for the adjustable capacitance is stored in a non-volatile memory.
10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Transponder zur Betriebsspannungsbereitstellung für eine Abstimmeinheit (3) voraufgeladen wird.10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the transponder for supplying operating voltage for a tuning unit (3) is precharged.
11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei Annäherung des Transponders {6) an die Transponder-Lese- und/oder Schreibeinrichtung ein langsam frequenzmoduliertes Trägersignal (7) entweder von der Leseeinheit (5) zeitweise (zeitmultiplex) , oder von einer separaten Spule (8) an einem anderen Ort (diversitymultiplex) erzeugt wird. 11. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that when the transponder {6) approaches the transponder reading and / or writing device, a slowly frequency-modulated carrier signal (7) either from the reading unit (5) temporarily (time-multiplexed), or from one separate coil (8) is generated at another location (diversity multiplex).
PCT/DE2002/003985 2001-10-24 2002-10-22 Method for the self-trimming of a resonance circuit WO2003038733A1 (en)

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