WO2002101842A1 - Light- emitting diode (led) package and packaging method for shaping the external light intensity distribution. - Google Patents
Light- emitting diode (led) package and packaging method for shaping the external light intensity distribution. Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002101842A1 WO2002101842A1 PCT/US2002/018514 US0218514W WO02101842A1 WO 2002101842 A1 WO2002101842 A1 WO 2002101842A1 US 0218514 W US0218514 W US 0218514W WO 02101842 A1 WO02101842 A1 WO 02101842A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- led
- encapsulant
- led die
- capsule
- package
- Prior art date
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000008393 encapsulating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012858 packaging process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/52—Encapsulations
- H01L33/54—Encapsulations having a particular shape
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/15—Details of package parts other than the semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
- H01L2924/181—Encapsulation
- H01L2924/1815—Shape
Abstract
An LED package (10) includes LED die (12) mounted onto lead frame (14) and electrically connected thereto whereby LED die (10) is electrically energized through leads (16,18). An encapsulant (20), preferably an epoxy resin, encapsulates and preferably hermetically seals LED die (12). Encapsulant (20) includes depression (24) defined by preselected curved surfaces (28), at least a portion of which are coated by reflective coating (26). Encapsulant (20) preferably also includes sides (22) with preselected curvature. In operation, LED die (12) emits light (32) directed approximately along LED die surface normal(36). Light rays (32) reflect from reflective surface (22) and reflected rays (38) are subsequently refracted by refracting surface (22) so that refracted rays (40) exit the capsule. The reflecting surface (26) and refracting surface (22) cooperate to convert LED die light distribution (32) into light distribution (40) which appears to emanate from an approximate point source(42).
Description
LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE (LED) PACKAGE AND PACKAGING METHOD FOR SHAPING THE EXTERNAL LIGHT INTENSITY DISTRIBUTION
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to optical sources, and in particular to light emitting diode (LED) light sources. It is particularly applicable to lighting applications where an LED is contemplated for use as an approximation to a point or line light source, or as an approximation to an extended light source which emits with approximately uniform intensity over an extended solid angle. However, the invention is not so limited, and may find application in other situations where a particular external light emission intensity distribution is required. Also with respect to scope, in the following disclosure the word "light" is to be broadly interpreted to include any applicable spectral range including but not limited to visible, ultraviolet, and infra-red radiation.
DISCUSSION OF THE ART
LED's have a number of advantages as light sources, such as relatively cool operating temperatures, high achievable wall plug efficiencies, and a wide range of available emission colors extending throughout the visible and into at least the adjacent infra-red and ultraviolet regions dependent upon the choice of semiconductor material. However, LED's have some disadvantages as well, such as poor light coupling through the LED surface which reduces external quantum efficiency, and a highly directional external intensity distribution.
Because of the relatively large refractive index of most LED materials (refractive index n>3 in most cases), internally generated light rays incident upon the
LED surface at angles greater than about 20° away from the surface normal experience total internal reflection and do not pass through the LED surface. It is known in the prior art to improve external light coupling during LED packaging through the use of a transparent encapsulant typically in the shape of a hemispherical dome. The encapsulant material is usually an epoxy resin or the like, with a refractive index n~1.5. The encapsulant serves the dual purposes of improving light coupling by reducing total internal reflection losses, and hermetically sealing the LED die.
Although hemispherical dome encapsulation improves LED external light coupling efficiency, it does not significantly change the typically highly directional intensity distribution. An LED is typically an essentially Lambertian source in which the light intensity varies approximately with the cosine of the angle away from the LED surface normal. This intensity distribution strongly enhances light intensity in the forward direction, making the LED a highly directional light source. In contrast, the filament of an incandescent light bulb emits with essentially similar intensity at most viewing angles, and is a reasonable approximation to a point light source, or to a line light source in the case of a longer filament. Therefore, direct replacement of an incandescent source by an LED in a lighting system usually results in very inefficient usage of the LED emission. For example, the parabolic reflector of a flashlight is designed to work with approximately point light source such as an incandescent bulb filament, and does not operate properly on the more directed LED emission distribution.
The prior art does not teach a method for packaging an LED in a manner which produces an external emission intensity distribution that more closely approximates a point or line light source. The present invention contemplates an improved LED package and LED packaging method which overcomes these prior art limitations and others.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a light emitting diode (LED) package is disclosed. A transparent encapsulant surrounds the LED die. A reflective surface is disposed on the encapsulant surface essentially opposite the LED die surface.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a method for manufacturing a light-emitting diode (LED) package which emits light in an essentially non-directional manner over at least a predetermined solid angle is disclosed. An LED die is mounted to a lead frame and electrically connected to the leads of the lead frame. At least the LED die is encapsulated in a transparent encapsulant. A reflective coating is applied to a portion of the encapsulant essentially opposite the LED die.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a light emitting diode (LED) capsule is disclosed. An LED die is mounted within a lead frame and electrically connected thereto. A transparent encapsulant encapsulates the LED die and at least a portion of the lead frame. A reflecting surface is disposed on a portion of the encapsulant outer surface. Preferably, the reflecting surface is disposed essentially opposite to the light-emitting surface of the LED die. The capsule preferably further includes a refracting surface which cooperates with the reflecting surface to convert the distribution of the LED light emission intensity into a preselected external light emission intensity distribution. The refracting surface is preferably a portion of the encapsulant outer surface which has a preselected curvature.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention, a light emitting diode (LED) capsule for producing an approximate extended light source with essentially uniform intensity distribution over an extended solid viewing angle is disclosed. An LED die is mounted onto a lead frame and electrically connected thereto. A transparent encapsulant encapsulates the LED die and at least a portion of the lead frame. A roughened surface is disposed on at least a portion of the encapsulant outer
surface. Preferably, the roughened surface is a roughened depression in the encapsulant positioned essentially opposite the LED die, and is either filled with a reflective filling disposed within the depression and essentially conforming with the roughness of the roughened surface, or is coated with a reflective coating material which is disposed upon at least a portion of the roughened surface.
One advantage of the present invention is that it provides an LED package with a preferred external light emission intensity distribution.
Another advantage of the present invention is that it provides an LED package which outputs an approximate point light source distribution and is suitable as a replacement for an incandescent light bulb.
Another advantage of the present invention is that it adds only a single manufacturing step over conventional LED packaging, and that additional step is application of a reflective coating which may be realized using any of a number of established methods.
Another advantage of the present invention is that it is implemented at the package level, rather than as an add-on, thereby reducing costs and increasing performance.
Yet another advantage of the present invention is that it provides an LED package which generates an apparent extended light source with an approximately uniform intensity distribution over an extended solid viewing angle.
Still further advantages and benefits of the present invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading and understanding the following detailed description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention may take form in various components and arrangements of components, and in various steps and arrangements of steps. The drawings are only for
purposes of illustrating a preferred embodiment and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
FIGURE 1 is a diagram of one embodiment of the LED package or capsule;
FIGURE 2 is an enlarged view of FIGURE 1 showing the LED die and associated details;
FIGURE 3 is the same embodiment as shown in FIGURE 1 but including ray tracing identifying the virtual approximate point source;
FIGURE 4 is a diagram of another embodiment of the LED package wherein the encapsulant exhibits reflection symmetry;
FIGURE 5 is a diagram of another embodiment of the LED package wherein the encapsulant exhibits reflection symmetry and has essentially straight sides;
FIGURE 6 is a diagram of another embodiment of the LED package wherein the encapsulant includes a roughened surface for producing an apparent extended light source; and
FIGURE 7 is a flowchart of the LED package or capsule manufacturing process.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
With reference to FIGURES 1 and 2, a preferred embodiment of the invention will be described. The light-emitting diode (LED) package or capsule 10 includes an LED die 12 and a lead frame 14 which includes a plurality of electrical leads 16, 18. For an LED diode there will usually be two leads 16, 18. The terminals of the LED are electrically connected to the electrical leads of the lead frame using conventional means known to the art, such as by wire bonds (not shown).
A transparent encapsulant 20 encapsulates at least the LED die 12. Preferably, encapsulant 20 encapsulates the LED die 12, the lead frame 14, and a portion
of the electrical leads 16, 18 as illustrated in FIGURES 1 and 2. Furthermore, encapsulant 20 preferably hermetically seals the LED die 12 to prevent corrosion or degradation of the die from the outside environment, while providing sufficient heat transfer to prevent overheating of the LED die during operation. Encapsulant 20 has a preselected shape which is preferably essentially hemispherical, but which preferably includes side portions 22 having a preselected curvature, and a depression 24 located essentially opposite to LED die 12.
A reflective coating 26 is disposed upon a portion of the outer surface 28 of encapsulant 20. Reflective coating 26 may be any coating which is reflective and durable, and which is compatible with the encapsulant 20 material. In the preferred embodiment a silver oxide is used for reflective coating 26. The reflective coating is preferably disposed within and around top depression 24 essentially opposite to the surface 30 of LED die 12.
Having thus described the physical structure, the optical operation of the LED package will now be discussed with continuing reference to FIGURES 1 and 2. When powered by an appropriate external electrical source (not shown) through electrical leads 16, 18, LED die 12 emits light with a certain distribution of light intensity. The emitted light is represented in FIGURES 1 and 2 by a plurality of light rays 32, 34. LED emission intensity distribution is usually an essentially Lambertian intensity distribution, wherein the intensity of light emitted perpendicularly to the surface 30 of LED die 12, or equivalently emitted parallel to surface normal 36, represented by rays 32, is much higher than the intensity of light emitted at larger angles away from surface normal 36, such as rays 34. This results in a directional beam 32 aimed predominantly along the surface normal 36. Using prior art packaging, this directional beam 32 would travel unimpeded and exit the LED capsule as a directed beam with very different spatial intensity distribution characteristics from the intensity distribution emitted by an incandescent bulb filament or other point or line source.
In the present invention, however, directed beam 32 is intercepted by reflective coating 26. The curvature of the encapsulant 20 outer surface 28 in the vicinity of depression 24 is such that the reflected light rays 38 are directed toward the sides 22 of the capsule 10. Sides 22 preferably act as refracting surfaces 22 with a preselected curvature. Refracting surface 22 further bends the light rays to produce refracted rays 40.
With reference to FIGURE 3, it will be noted that if refracted rays 40 are traced backward into the capsule 10, they approximately intersect at a point 42 near or within depression 24. Therefore, a viewer 44 observing the capsule from the side would see an apparent approximate point light source 42 near or within depression 24. In other words, the capsule behaves as an approximate point light source which emits light in a non-directional manner within a certain viewing range, or predetermined solid viewing angle, along the side of capsule 10. The viewing range or solid viewing angle is determined at least by the configuration of reflecting surface 26 and the refracting surface 22. This optical conversion from a directed light source LED die emission intensity distribution to an approximate point light source external intensity distribution is achieved through cooperation between the reflecting surface 26 and the refracting surface 22. The precise preselection of the curvatures of the reflecting and refracting surfaces so as to achieve an optimal apparent approximate point light source 42 involves conventional optical engineering methods which are well known to those skilled in the art and which need not be described here for an enabling disclosure of the invention.
Referring back again to FIGURE 2, although the strongest LED die emission intensity is at angles near the surface normal 36 due to the Lambertian distribution, there is also light emission at larger angles, represented in FIGURE 2 by rays 34. Preferably, lead frame 14 has reflective surfaces 46 which reflect light rays 34, producing reflected rays 48 which travel along a path approximately parallel to direct
rays 32. Rays 48 are then reflected by reflecting surface 26 producing reflected rays 50 which contribute to the illumination of refracting surface 22.
In FIGURES 1-3 above, the encapsulant 20 is radially symmetric about an LED die surface normal 36. For this geometry the depression 24 and associated reflecting surface 26 are preferably also radially symmetric, producing an apparent point light source 42 when observed by a viewer 44 at essentially any side of the capsule.
Other encapsulant and reflecting surface geometries are also contemplated and fall within the scope of the invention. With reference to FIGURE 4, an LED package 110 exhibiting a reflection symmetry is described. The LED package includes a lead frame 114 with an LED die (not shown) mounted thereon. In this alternate embodiment encapsulant 120 exhibits reflection symmetry about a plane containing an LED die surface normal (not shown). Depression 124 defined by curved surfaces 128 is an essentially linear depression preferably centered on the plane of symmetry, and reflective coating 126 is disposed on at least a portion of surface 128. Light 132 emanating from the LED die when electrically energized through leads 116, 118 reflects off reflective surface 126 to form reflected rays 138, which are in turn refracted by refracting surface 122 to form refracted rays 140. Because of the reflection symmetry of the encapsulant 120 and the preselected curvature of surfaces 128 and 122, rays 140 appear when viewed from the side to emanate from an apparent approximate line light source (not shown) located nearby and parallel to depression 124. Such a capsule 110 would be appropriate for example in situations where an incandescent bulb with a long filament is to be replaced.
With reference to FIGURE 5, another LED package 210 exhibiting reflection symmetry is described. The LED package includes a lead frame 214 with an LED die (not shown) mounted thereon. In this alternate embodiment encapsulant 220 exhibits reflection symmetry about a plane containing an LED die surface normal (not shown). Depression 224 defined by curved surfaces 228 is an essentially linear
depression preferably lying in the plane of symmetry, and reflective coating 226 is disposed upon at least a portion of surface 228. Light 232 emanating from the LED die when electrically energized through leads 216, 218 reflects off reflective surface 226 to form reflected rays 238 which are in turn refracted by refracting surface 222 to form refracted rays 240. Unlike the embodiment of FIGURE 4, the embodiment of FIGURE 5 includes essentially straight sides 222 without any curvature. As a result, the refractive surface 222 is not preselected to positively contribute to the converting of the relatively directional LED die optical output 232 into an approximate line light source (not shown). Nonetheless, with proper preselection of the curved surface 228 and accounting for the known refractive effect of the planar surface 222, rays 240 emanating from the sides of capsule 210 of FIGURE 5 appear when viewed from the side to emanate from an apparent approximate line light source (not shown) located nearby and parallel to depression 224. Capsule 210 of FIGURE 5 thus operates similarly to capsule 110 of FIGURE 4 with respect to conversion of the optical intensity distribution.
With reference to FIGURE 6, yet another LED package 310 is described. The LED package includes a lead frame 314 with an LED die (not shown) mounted thereon. In this alternate embodiment encapsulant 320 exhibits radial symmetry about a central axis 312 centered approximately on the LED die and approximately parallel to the LED die surface normal (not shown). Depression 324 defined by curved surfaces 328 is centered approximately on symmetry axis 312 and is essentially conical in shape. Unlike the embodiments of FIGURES 1-5, the embodiment of FIGURE 6 preferably has a roughened depression surface 328 which acts to scatter light in a diffuse manner. Light 332 emanating from the LED die when electrically energized through leads 316, 318 scatters off surface 328. The scattering produces a diffuse reflection rather than a specular reflection, and this is indicated in FIGURE 6 by a plurality of rays 338 emanating from each point where an incident ray 332 scatters off inner surface 328. Over an extended solid viewing angle, an associated viewer 344 will observe an apparent
spatially extended and essentially cylindrical light source, somewhat tapered in the direction of the LED die, and essentially coincident with depression 324.
Although light rays 332 are shown in FIGURE 6 as scattering off surface 328, other arrangements are also contemplated. For example, the scattering strength may be increased either by coating the outer surface 328 with a reflective coating, or by filling depression 324 with a metal or other reflective filling material which is pressed against outer surface 328 and conforms to the roughness of that surface. The coating or filling material will approximate diffuse scattering due to conformation to roughened surface 328. It will also be recognized that other encapsulant geometries besides that shown in FIGURE 6 may also be used in LED capsules employing the diffuse scattering mechanism.
An advantage of operation by diffuse scattering rather than by reflection/refraction of light rays is a greater tolerance to structural variation of the encapsulant. In specular reflection/refraction designs such as those illustrated in FIGURES 1-5, the curvature of the reflective and refractive surfaces define a ray path which will be rather sensitive to deviations in encapsulant curvature. The encapsulant formation will therefore require reasonably tight structural tolerances. In contrast, diffuse scattering off surface 328 will not be strongly affected by variations in surface 328 curvature. Additionally, because the light is scattered diffusely, any refraction occurring at side surface 322 will not significantly change the intensity distribution, and so the detailed curvature of the side surfaces is also not critical. However, the diffuse scattering mechanism produces a more extended light source with poor focusing characteristics versus a less extended point-like source.
With reference to FIGURE 7, the manufacturing process for producing the LED package or capsule will be described. The packaging process starts with an LED die and a lead frame. The manufacture of these elements using well known prior art methods need not be described for an enabling disclosure of the packaging process.
The LED die is mounted to the lead frame in a step 400, preferably using an appropriate adhesive which serves the dual purposes of bonding and heat sinking the LED die. Electrical connection between the LED die contact pads and the leads of the lead frame is formed by soldering, wire bonding or the like in a step 402. The LED die, and preferably at least a portion of the lead frame, is encapsulated in an epoxy resin or the like in a step 404. The encapsulant is preferably simultaneously shaped during encapsulation by using an appropriate casting mold. For diffuse scattering designs such as that shown in FIGURE 6, it may be necessary to roughen surface 328 after encapsulant formation. Alternatively, the casting mold may produce this roughened surface directly. Finally, the reflective coating or filling is applied to the appropriate encapsulant outer surface areas in a step 406. It will be noted that, with the exception of the reflective coating application step 406 and the special molding used in encapsulation step 404, the packaging process just described is identical to conventional LED packaging. The invention therefore provides a low cost method for obtaining preferred light intensity distributions using an essentially conventional LED packaging process.
The invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments. Obviously, modifications and alterations will occur to others upon reading and understanding the preceding detailed description. It is intended that the invention be construed as including all such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims
1. A light emitting diode (LED) package, comprising: a transparent encapsulant surrounding the LED die; and a reflective surface disposed on the encapsulant surface essentially opposite the LED die surface.
2. The LED package of claim 1, wherein: the encapsulant surrounding the LED is essentially hemispherical in shape; and the encapsulant surface near the reflective surface is spatially depressed with respect to the essentially hemispherical shape such that LED radiation incident upon the reflective surface is reflected essentially toward a side of the package.
3. The LED package of claim 2, wherein the reflective surface and the curvature of the encapsulant surface are arranged so that LED radiation reflected from the reflective surface and subsequently exiting the encapsulant appears to an associated viewer as emanating from an approximate point light source.
4. The LED package of claim 2, wherein the reflective surface and the curvature of the encapsulant surface are arranged so that LED radiation reflected from the reflective surface and subsequently exiting the encapsulant appears to an associated viewer as emanating from an approximate line light source.
5. The LED package of claim 1, wherein the encapsulant has essentially straight sides; and the encapsulant has a top which includes a depression in - 1 J -
the vicinity of the reflective surface such that LED radiation incident upon the reflective surface is reflected essentially toward a side of the package.
6. The LED package of claim 1, wherein the reflective surface is a reflective coating applied to the encapsulant.
7. The LED package of claim 1 , wherein the encapsulant is an epoxy resin.
8. The LED package of claim 1, wherein the encapsulant is essentially radially symmetric about an LED surface normal.
9. The LED package of claim 1, wherein: the encapsulant exhibits reflection symmetry about a plane containing an LED die surface normal and has a curved surface defining an essentially linear depression; and the reflective coating is disposed upon at least a portion of the curved surface defining the linear depression.
10. The LED package of claim 1, wherein the encapsulant hermetically seals the LED die.
11. A method for manufacturing a light-emitting diode (LED) package which emits light in an essentially non-directional manner over at least a predetermined solid angle, the method comprising: mounting an LED die to a lead frame; electrically connecting the LED die to the leads of the lead frame; and encapsulating at least the LED die in a transparent encapsulant; and applying a reflective coating to a portion of the encapsulant essentially opposite the LED die.
12. The method of claim 1 1, wherein the encapsulating also hermetically seals at least the LED die.
13. A light emitting diode (LED) capsule, comprising: a lead frame; an LED die mounted onto the lead frame and electrically connected thereto; a transparent encapsulant which encapsulates the LED die and at least a portion of the lead frame; and a reflective surface disposed on a portion of the encapsulant outer surface.
14. The LED capsule of claim 13 wherein the reflective surface is disposed essentially opposite to the light-emitting surface of the LED die.
15. The LED capsule of claim 14, further comprising: a refracting surface which cooperates with the reflective surface to convert the distribution of the LED die light emission intensity into a preselected external light emission intensity distribution.
16. The LED capsule of claim 15, wherein reflective portions of the lead frame surface cooperate with the reflective and refracting surfaces to convert the distribution of the LED die light emission intensity into a preselected external light emission intensity distribution.
17. The LED capsule of claim 15, wherein the refracting surface is a portion of the encapsulant outer surface which has a preselected curvature.
18. The LED capsule of claim 15, wherein the preselected external light emission intensity distribution is an apparent approximate point source light emission intensity distribution.
19. The LED capsule of claim 15, wherein the preselected external light emission intensity distribution is an apparent approximate line source light emission intensity distribution.
20. The LED capsule of claim 15, wherein the transparent encapsulant hermetically seals the LED die.
21. A light emitting diode (LED) capsule for producing an approximate extended light source with essentially uniform intensity distribution over an extended solid viewing angle, the LED capsule comprising: a lead frame; an LED die mounted onto the lead frame and electrically connected thereto; a transparent encapsulant which encapsulates the LED die and at least a portion of the lead frame; and a roughened surface disposed on at least a portion of the encapsulant outer surface.
22. The LED capsule of claim 21, wherein the roughened surface is a roughened depression in the encapsulant positioned essentially opposite the LED die.
23. The LED capsule of claim 22, wherein the depression is conically shaped.
24. The LED capsule of claim 22, further comprising: a reflective filling disposed within the depression and essentially conforming with the roughness of the roughened surface.
25. The LED capsule of claim 21 further comprising: a coating of reflective material disposed upon at least a portion of the roughened surface.
26. The method of claim 21, wherein the encapsulant hermetically seals at least the LED die.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/681,806 US6674096B2 (en) | 2001-06-08 | 2001-06-08 | Light-emitting diode (LED) package and packaging method for shaping the external light intensity distribution |
US09/681,806 | 2001-06-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2002101842A1 true WO2002101842A1 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/US2002/018514 WO2002101842A1 (en) | 2001-06-08 | 2002-06-10 | Light- emitting diode (led) package and packaging method for shaping the external light intensity distribution. |
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US (1) | US6674096B2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002101842A1 (en) |
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US6674096B2 (en) | 2004-01-06 |
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