WO2002079868A1 - Unite d'affichage et procede d'actionnement correspondant - Google Patents
Unite d'affichage et procede d'actionnement correspondant Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002079868A1 WO2002079868A1 PCT/JP2002/003209 JP0203209W WO02079868A1 WO 2002079868 A1 WO2002079868 A1 WO 2002079868A1 JP 0203209 W JP0203209 W JP 0203209W WO 02079868 A1 WO02079868 A1 WO 02079868A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/38—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using electrochromic devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/163—Operation of electrochromic cells, e.g. electrodeposition cells; Circuit arrangements therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
- G02F1/1362—Active matrix addressed cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/153—Constructional details
- G02F1/155—Electrodes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
- G09G2300/06—Passive matrix structure, i.e. with direct application of both column and row voltages to the light emitting or modulating elements, other than LCD or OLED
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
- G09G2300/08—Active matrix structure, i.e. with use of active elements, inclusive of non-linear two terminal elements, in the pixels together with light emitting or modulating elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
- G09G2310/02—Addressing, scanning or driving the display screen or processing steps related thereto
- G09G2310/0243—Details of the generation of driving signals
- G09G2310/0251—Precharge or discharge of pixel before applying new pixel voltage
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
- G09G2310/02—Addressing, scanning or driving the display screen or processing steps related thereto
- G09G2310/0264—Details of driving circuits
- G09G2310/0272—Details of drivers for data electrodes, the drivers communicating data to the pixels by means of a current
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
- G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
- G09G2320/0209—Crosstalk reduction, i.e. to reduce direct or indirect influences of signals directed to a certain pixel of the displayed image on other pixels of said image, inclusive of influences affecting pixels in different frames or fields or sub-images which constitute a same image, e.g. left and right images of a stereoscopic display
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
- G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
- G09G2320/0238—Improving the black level
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/2007—Display of intermediate tones
- G09G3/2014—Display of intermediate tones by modulation of the duration of a single pulse during which the logic level remains constant
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/2007—Display of intermediate tones
- G09G3/207—Display of intermediate tones by domain size control
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a display device suitable for a display device (so-called electronic paper) used for reading a document and a driving method thereof.
- a display device so-called electronic paper
- the display methods used for these include an electrophoresis method, a two-color pole display method, and an electoral aperture chromic method.
- an electrophoretic image display EPID
- white pigments black toner, etc. It is laminated on the electrode.
- a two-color pole display twisted ball display; TBD
- TBD twisted ball display
- both methods require a gap to allow the fluid to enter, and it is difficult to obtain high contrast because they cannot be filled in the closest density.
- ECD electrochromic display
- an active matrix driving method in which an active element such as a transistor is arranged for each pixel is considered desirable.
- an electorifice chromic display layer is formed on a glass substrate (TFT substrate) on which a thin film transistor (TFT) or a wiring electrode for each pixel is formed.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide an electrochromic display device capable of high-quality display and a driving method thereof. Disclosure of the invention
- the display device of the present invention includes a transparent electrode, a display layer formed in contact with the transparent electrode and changing color according to the accumulated charge amount, and a display layer formed in contact with a surface of the display layer opposite to the surface in contact with the transparent electrode And a plurality of independent electrodes formed in contact with the surface of the ion conductive layer opposite to the surface in contact with the display layer.
- the method for driving a display device according to the present invention includes: a transparent electrode; a display layer formed in contact with the transparent electrode, the color of which changes according to the amount of accumulated charge; and a surface of the display layer opposite to a surface in contact with the transparent electrode.
- a drive current having a charge amount corresponding to a coloring density or a coloring area is selectively supplied between a plurality of independent electrodes and a transparent electrode, and the charge amount or direction of the driving current is controlled.
- the accumulated charge amount of the display layer is controlled.
- characters and images displayed on the display layer are viewed from the transparent electrode side, and a plurality of independent electrodes and their driving systems (for example, thin film transistors) are located on the back side of the display layer. become. Therefore, the problem of shadows caused by thin-film transistors and the like is eliminated, and high-quality display is realized.
- independent electrodes and their driving systems for example, thin film transistors
- the amount of charge or the direction of the drive current is controlled to control the amount of accumulated charge in the display layer. Even if the driving current flows through the entire surface of the display device and the driving current spreads, or the driving current spreads in the ion conductive layer, the extra coloring (discoloration) of the display layer is reduced or eliminated.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing one configuration example of a display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the display device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an example of a method of driving the display device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining another example of the method of driving the display device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view schematically showing a display state by the driving method shown in FIG. It is.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a modification of the driving method according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view schematically showing a configuration and a display state of a display device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration and a color density distribution of a display device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration and a coloring density distribution of a display device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view showing the configuration of an electrolytic cell used for electrolytic polymerization in an example of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a cross-sectional structure of a display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- This display device includes a display layer 2 and a transparent layer 1 between a transparent electrode 1 formed on a transparent support 5 and a plurality (three in FIG. 1) of pixel electrodes 4 formed on a back support 7. It has a configuration in which the ion conductive layer 3 is provided.
- the display layer 2 displays a character or an image by a combination of minute pixels. The displayed characters or images are visible from the transparent electrode 1 side through the transparent support 5 and the transparent electrode 1.
- FIG. 1 shows a state in which, for example, the display layer 2 at a portion facing the central pixel electrode 4 among the three pixel electrodes 4 is colored.
- the display device is driven by, for example, an active matrix system.
- Each of the pixel electrodes 4 is electrically connected to a thin film transistor (TFT) 6 as a corresponding active element.
- TFT thin film transistor
- the transparent electrode 1 is formed on almost the entire surface of the transparent support 5 as a common electrode.
- a transparent glass substrate such as a quartz glass plate or a white plate glass plate can be used, but is not limited thereto.
- Ester such as polyethylene naphthalate and polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polycarbonate, and vinegar
- Cellulose esters such as acid cell mouths, polyvinylidene fluoride, fluoropolymers such as tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyethers such as polyoxymethylene, polyacetal, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, methylpentene
- polyolefins such as polymers and polyimides such as polyimide-amide / polyesterimide.
- a display layer 2 is formed in contact with the transparent electrode 1, and the display layer 2 displays a character or an image by discoloring according to the accumulated charge amount.
- the display layer 2 contains, for example, an electrochromic material that is colored or discolored by electrochemical oxidation or reduction, or a material that develops or decolors by electrochemical deposition or elution.
- an electrochromic material containing a color or discoloration due to electrochemical oxidation or reduction when anion is doped by applying a potential, the electron absorption of the electoric chromic material becomes stronger, and the quality of the material becomes higher. Good black is displayed.
- any material can be used as long as it exhibits the above-described electochromism, for example, transition metal compounds such as tungsten oxide, iridium oxide, molybdenum oxide, and ruthenium dioxide
- transition metal compounds such as tungsten oxide, iridium oxide, molybdenum oxide, and ruthenium dioxide
- a rare earth diphthalocyanine compound such as phthalocyanine can be used, but a 7 ⁇ -conjugated conductive polymer is preferable because it can display high-quality black. ⁇
- the t-conjugated conductive polymers include polyacetylene, poly (p-phenylene), polythiophene, poly (3-methylthiophene), polyisothianaphthene, poly (p-phenylene sulfide), and poly (p-phenylene sulfide). Fenerenoxide), polyaniline, Examples thereof include poly (p-phenylenevinylene), poly (thiophenvinylene), polyperinaphtalene, and nickel phthalocyanine.
- One of the particularly preferable ones among these T-conjugated conductive polymers is polypropylene. This is because 1) the oxidation potential is low, 2) the Coulomb efficiency is high, 3) the coloring during oxidation is black, and 4) the repetition life is long.
- the reason why a substance having a low oxidation potential is preferred is that a substance having a low oxidation potential is more stable in a color-developed state.
- the reason that a high coulombic efficiency is desirable indicates that side reactions are suppressed so much.
- the fact that high coulombic efficiency is close to 100% means that side reactions almost occur. This means that the life of the device will be prolonged.
- the fact that the coloration during oxidation is black is an important property for the display of documents. Polypyrrole is black on complete oxidation, whereas other polymers are green or reddish black. For this reason, adopting polypyrrole can increase the black density and improve the contrast. Another advantage of polypyrrol is its long life cycle.
- the material that develops and decolors by electrochemical deposition and elution is not particularly limited, but includes bismuth, copper, silver, lithium, iron, chromium, nickel, and force dome.
- An ion or an ion composed of a combination thereof can be exemplified.
- the ion conductive layer 3 is formed in contact with the surface of the display layer 2 opposite to the surface in contact with the transparent electrode 1.
- the ion conductive layer 3 is provided to supply ions to the display layer 2 and is made of a solid polymer electrolyte in which a supporting electrolyte is dispersed in a matrix polymer material.
- Matrix (base material) As a polymer, the skeletal units are represented by — (CCO) n—, — (CCN) n—, and _ (C—C—S) n—, respectively. Sulfide. These may have a branch as a main chain structure. Also preferred are polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polypropionate, and the like.
- the plasticizer When forming the ion conductive layer 3, add the required plasticizer to the matrix polymer Is preferred.
- Preferred examples of the plasticizer include water, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and a mixture thereof when the matrix polymer is hydrophilic, and propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and phenyl carbonate when the polymer is hydrophobic. Preference is given to ethylene carbonate, arbutyrolactone, acetonitrile, sulfolane, dimethoxetane, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylacetamide, n-methylpyrrolidone and mixtures thereof.
- the ion conductive layer 3 is formed by dispersing a supporting electrolyte in a matrix polymer as described above, and the electrolyte may be a lithium salt, for example, LiCl, LiBr, Lil, L i BF 4, and the like L i C L_ ⁇ 4, L i PF 6, L i CF 3 S0 3, Chikarari ⁇ unsalted, for example KC 1, KI, KB r etc.
- a lithium salt for example, LiCl, LiBr, Lil, L i BF 4, and the like L i C L_ ⁇ 4, L i PF 6, L i CF 3 S0 3, Chikarari ⁇ unsalted, for example KC 1, KI, KB r etc.
- Natoriumu salts for example N a C 1 , Na, NaBr, or tetraalkylammonium salts, such as tetraethylammonium borofluoride, tetraethylammonium perchlorate, tetrabutylammonium borofluoride, tetraperchlorate Examples include butylammonium and tetrabutylammonium halide.
- the alkyl chain length of the above-mentioned quaternary ammonium salts may not be uniform.
- a coloring material for example, a white pigment may be added to the ion conductive layer 3 in order to improve the contrast.
- a white pigment titanium oxide or aluminum oxide can be used, and zinc white can also be used.
- the mixing ratio of the white pigment is preferably about 1 to 20% by weight, more preferably about 1 to 10% by weight, and further preferably about 5 to 10% by weight. This ratio is regulated because white pigments such as titanium oxide do not dissolve in the polymer but only disperse.When the mixing ratio increases, the white pigment aggregates, resulting in optical concentration. Is non-uniform. Further, since the white pigment has no ionic conductivity, an increase in the mixing ratio causes a decrease in the conductivity of the solid polymer electrolyte. Considering both, the upper limit of the mixing ratio is about 20% by weight.
- the pixel electrode 4 is formed in contact with the surface of the ion conductive layer 3 opposite to the surface in contact with the display layer 2 and is arranged corresponding to the pixel.
- the pixel electrodes 4 are made of a conductive film formed in a substantially rectangular or square pattern, and are physically and electrically separated between the pixel electrodes 4. Separated.
- Each pixel electrode 4 is provided with a TFT 6.
- a transparent electrode material in the same manner as the transparent electrode 1, for example mixtures of I n 2 0 3 and S N_ ⁇ 2, or so-called I TO film, S n 0 2 or I n 2 ⁇ 3 it is also possible to use the quotes Ingu membrane.
- These I TO film or S n0 2 or coated film I n 2 ⁇ 3 may be those doped with S n and S b, it is also possible to use a like Mg_ ⁇ and Z ⁇ .
- any conductive material such as an electrochemically stable metal can be used.
- a transparent electrode material Preferable are platinum, chromium, aluminum, cobalt, palladium and the like, which can be formed by forming a film made of a good conductor such as a metal film on a support 7 described later.
- a carbon As a method of supporting the electrode on the electrode for this purpose, there is a method of forming an ink using a resin and printing the ink on a substrate surface. The use of force-bon can reduce the price of the electrode.
- the ratio between the length L of the pixel electrode 4 and the distance d between the electrodes is preferably 3: 1 or more. The reason will be described later.
- the TFT 6 is an active element that performs a switching function of the corresponding pixel electrode 4.
- the active matrix method in which the pixel electrodes 4 are driven using the TFTs 6 is extremely effective in preventing crosstalk between pixels.
- the TFT 6 is formed so as to occupy one corner of the pixel electrode 4 as shown in FIG. 1, for example, but may have a structure in which the pixel electrode 4 overlaps the TFT 6 in the laminating direction.
- the configuration of the TFT 6 can be appropriately selected depending on various conditions such as the material of the support 7 described below.
- the pixel electrode 4 and the TFT 6 are formed on a support 7 provided on the back side.
- the support 7 on the back side does not necessarily need to be transparent, and a substrate or a film that can securely hold the pixel electrode 4 and the TFT 6 can be used.
- a glass substrate such as a quartz glass plate or a white plate glass plate, a ceramic substrate, a paper substrate, or a wood substrate can be used.However, the present invention is not limited to this.
- polyolefins such as fluoropolymers
- polyethers such as polyoxymethylene, polyacetals, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, and methylpentene polymers
- polyimides such as polyimide-amide / polyesterimide.
- a sealing resin portion (not shown) for holding the supports 5 and 7 is formed on the peripheral edge of the display device.
- this sealing resin portion both the supports 5 and 7 and the transparent electrode 1, the display layer 2, the ion conductive layer 3, the pixel electrode 4, and the TFT 6 disposed therebetween are securely held.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an electrochromic display device as shown in FIG.
- the pixel electrodes 4 corresponding to the respective pixels and the TFTs 6 corresponding thereto are arranged in a matrix, and the counter electrode side of the capacitor is a common electrode.
- a gate line (scanning line wiring) 12 is connected to the gate electrode of TFT 6, and a data line (signal line wiring) 13 is connected to one of the source and drain of TFT 6.
- the other of the source and drain of TFT 6 is connected to pixel electrode 4.
- the gate line 12 is connected to the gate line driving circuit 10, and the data line 13 is connected to the data line driving circuits 9, 9A.
- the gate line drive circuit 10 and the data line drive circuits 9 and 9 A are connected to the signal control unit 11.
- This display device can be driven by, for example, line-sequential driving. That is, the gate line driving circuit 10 sequentially applies the selection pulse to the gate line 12 within one frame period, and at the same time, the data line driving circuits 9 and 9A The display signal corresponding to 1 2 is sequentially applied to each data line 13.
- the display signal applied to the data line 13 is written from the pixel electrode 4 side via the TFT 6 connected to the selected gate line 12, and characters or images are displayed on the display layer 2.
- the charge amount of the drive current may be twice or less than the charge amount at which the coloring of the display layer 2 in the portion sandwiched between the pixel electrode 4 to which the drive current is supplied and the transparent electrode 1 is saturated. preferable.
- the current distribution is as follows. This is because the charge immediately above the applied pixel electrode 4 is the highest and decreases as the distance increases, so that the amount of charge flowing into the adjacent pixels or the peripheral pixels of the display layer 2 can be suppressed to a small value.
- the charge amount of the drive current is controlled to be less than the charge amount at which the coloring of the display layer 2 in the portion sandwiched between the pixel electrode 4 to which the drive current is supplied and the transparent electrode 1 is saturated. Is also good.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of the coloring density distribution of six pixels arranged along a certain gate line 13 when driving is performed with the charge amount limited to a certain value or less as described above. Is schematically shown.
- the TFT 6 When the TFT 6 is selectively turned on in accordance with the image and, for example, a pulse current is supplied to the second pixel electrode 4 from the left and the second pixel electrode 4 from the right, the display layer 2 has a common potential by the transparent electrode 1 and is displayed. Although the entire layer 2 is colored, the coloring concentration immediately above the second pixel electrode 4 from the left and the second pixel electrode 4 from the right is higher than the others.
- the pixel since the pixel is not defined by the pixel electrode 4, the pixel may be slightly blurred. However, since one piece of image information is given to one pixel, even if the boundary is blurred, the amount of information will not be lost. Rather, in the case of photographs, there is the advantage that the display is good because the pixel boundaries are not noticeable.
- the ratio of the length L of the pixel electrode 4 to the distance d between the electrodes is 3: 1 or more. No. By doing so, the spread of the driving current in the ion conductive layer 3 is suppressed, and the influence on the adjacent pixels can be reduced.
- the direction of the drive current may be reversed. For example, when the entire display layer 2 is colored by the application of the drive current as shown in FIG. 3, the drive current and the drive current are simultaneously applied to all the pixel electrodes 4 every time one frame is written. May supply a current whose direction is reversed.
- FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view schematically showing a display state when the direction of the drive current is reversed for all the pixel electrodes 4 as shown in FIG.
- the pattern of the underlying pixel electrode 4 and TFT 6 cannot be seen, and a display in which only characters stand out on a white background is possible. In particular, it is suitable for character display that requires clarity of the outline.
- the current whose direction is reversed may be applied to all the pixel electrodes 4 at the same time as shown in FIG. 4, but may be applied to the pixel electrodes 4 corresponding to the outline of the display at the same time. Is also good. Thereby, the extra coloring (discoloration) around the pixel due to the spread of the driving current in the ion conductive layer 3 can be eliminated. As a result, blurring and blurring of pixels are improved, and clear display is possible.
- the pixel electrode 4 is formed on the display layer of the ion conductive layer 3.
- the characters and images displayed by the display layer 2 can be viewed from the transparent electrode 1 side, and the pixel electrode 4 and TFT 6 are located on the back side of the display layer 2. Will be located. Therefore, the light transmittance of the TFT substrate does not matter, and the problem of the shadow due to the TFT 6 and the gate lines 12 and the data lines 13 serving as the wiring electrodes is solved. Further, since the pattern of the pixel electrode 4 and the pattern of the TFT 6 are not viewed from the observer side, a true white background is obtained, and high quality display can be realized.
- the electrochromic display layer is seen through the TFT side, so that the display is increased by the area occupied by the TFT and the contrast is reduced.
- the color change of the display layer 2 is viewed directly (through only the transparent electrode 1), there is no parallax, and there is no influence on the light transmittance of the TFT 6, and the brightness and contrast of the display are not changed. High display can be obtained.
- the area of the TFT 6 can be maximized, so that not only the a-Si TFT and the organic TFT can be utilized, but also the pixel electrode 4 does not need to be a transparent material, and any electrode material can be used. It is also possible to use Further, the display layer 2 and the transparent electrode 1 do not require patterning, and have a great advantage in manufacturing such as reduction in the number of steps. Furthermore, since the accumulated charge amount of the display layer 2 is controlled by controlling the charge amount or direction of the drive current, the drive current flows through the entire display layer 2 having a common potential by the transparent electrode 1 and coloring is performed.
- the amount of charge of the drive current is less than twice the amount of charge of the display layer 2 that is sandwiched between the pixel electrode 4 to which the drive current is supplied and the transparent electrode 1, that is, the amount of charge that reacts all.
- the amount of charge flowing into adjacent or peripheral pixels of the display layer 2 can be suppressed. As a result, there is an advantage that substantially no influence is exerted on the adjacent pixels, and in the case of a photograph, the boundaries between the pixels are not conspicuous and the display is good.
- the ratio of the driving current to the distance between 1 and 3 is 3: 1 or more, the spread of the driving current in the ion conductive layer 3 can be suppressed, and the influence on the adjacent pixels can be reduced.
- FIG. 6 shows a modification of the driving method according to the first embodiment.
- the gradation display in which the coloring density of each pixel is changed by modulating the current supply time is possible.
- the coloring area of each pixel of the display layer 2 is reduced. The modulation is performed so that a so-called area gray scale is displayed.
- the coloring area is determined by the electrode area of the pixel electrode.
- the driving current in the ion conductive layer 3 is changed.
- Area gradation display is possible by utilizing the spread of coloring due to the spread of the area.
- the length L of the pixel electrode 4 it is preferable to make the length L of the pixel electrode 4 smaller than that of the first embodiment in order to positively use the spread of the drive current and achieve a reasonably clear display. .
- FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view schematically showing a configuration and a display state of a display device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- the display device according to the present embodiment is driven by a simple matrix method, and includes a pixel electrode 24 formed as a band electrode group parallel to each other, and a pixel electrode 24 formed as a parallel transparent band electrode orthogonal to the pixel electrode X. And the formed transparent electrode 21. Pixels are arranged at intersections between the pixel electrodes 24 and the transparent electrodes 21.
- the materials of the transparent electrode 21 and the pixel electrode 24 are the same as those of the transparent electrode 1 and the pixel electrode 4 of the first embodiment, respectively.
- the components other than the transparent electrode 21 and the pixel electrode 24 are the same as those in the first embodiment, and the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and detailed description thereof. Is omitted.
- the transparent electrode 21 is formed on a transparent support 5 (not shown in FIG. 7, see FIG. 1), and the transparent support 5 is provided on the opposite side of the transparent electrode 21 from the display layer 2. It is located.
- the pixel electrode 24 is formed on a support 7 (not shown in FIG. 7; see FIG. 1), and the support 7 is disposed on the opposite side of the pixel electrode 24 from the display layer 2. Have been.
- the transparent electrode 21 has a pulse width corresponding to the scanning selection period.
- a display signal having a pulse width corresponding to the coloring density is supplied to the pixel electrode 24.
- the same operation as described with reference to FIG. 4 ′ in the first embodiment is performed.
- the method may be such that the direction of the drive current is reversed, and a current whose direction is reversed from the drive current flows through the entire line. As a result, the outline becomes clear, and good image display and character display become possible.
- the process of flowing the current with the direction reversed may be performed for each line, or may be performed for all the lines of the transparent electrode 21 after the writing of one frame is completed.
- the operation principle is the same as that of the active matrix method when viewed in a cross section taken along any one of the transparent electrodes 21 (the dashed line in FIG. 7).
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic configuration of a display device according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and also shows an example of a coloring density distribution of six pixels arranged along a certain gate line 13. Is schematically represented.
- the display device shown in FIG. 1 has the same structure as the first device shown in FIG. 1 except that a groove 3C is provided by selectively removing a region between pixels in an ion conductive layer 3 made of a solid electrolyte. It has the same configuration as the display device of the embodiment. Therefore, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. Further, this display device employs active matrix drive using TFT 6 as in the display device of the first embodiment, and the drive method has been described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. Therefore, the detailed description is omitted.
- the groove 3C provided in the ion conductive layer 3 is, for example, a void, and the ion conductive layer 3 is divided for each pixel by the groove 3C. Therefore, for example, when the drive current is applied to only the second pixel electrode 4 from the left and the second pixel electrode 4 from the right so as to have the same charge amount as in FIG. 3, as shown in the coloring density distribution graph of FIG. To The driving current is concentrated on the upper portion of the pixel electrode 4, and a clear display is possible.
- a sandplast method and a laser processing method are exemplified.
- the sand blast method is a technology to partially cut solid material by blowing a gas such as air mixed with fine powder such as silicon oxide from a small nozzle at high speed. If the pixel electrode 4 or the mask material used to form the pixel electrode 4 and its thickness are appropriately selected, the ion conductive layer 3 between the pixels can be cut off on the self-aligned line using these as a mask.
- Laser processing is a technique that creates a cavity by evaporating a polymer locally using, for example, a powerful ultraviolet laser.
- a powerful ultraviolet laser As in the case of the above sandblast method, if the pixel electrode 4 or the mask material used to form it and the thickness are appropriately selected, laser processing is performed on the self-aligned line using these as masks for the ultraviolet laser. It is possible. Alternatively, a continuous long groove can be formed by forming a linear beam using a light transmission mask or a cylindrical lens on the slit and scanning the beam in parallel.
- An example of such a laser for fine processing is an ultraviolet pulse laser.
- Processing energy density must be more than 500 mJ / cm 2 (per pulse), It can cut about 0.1 to 1 m per pulse.
- the depth to be cut depends on the absorption coefficient and power.
- a KrF laser is preferred in terms of efficiency, output, and stability.
- the processing width is about 5 / _im. If finer processing, processing of shorter absorption edge wavelengths (such as inorganic oxides), and clean processing (in the case of organic substances, longer wavelengths are more contaminated with carbon etc.) are required. It is preferable to use an ArF laser or a fourth harmonic of YAG.
- processing may be performed in an oxygen-free atmosphere, and laser irradiation may be performed in a vacuum or He gas atmosphere in order to prevent reattachment of flying objects.
- the ion conductive layer 3 is separated for each pixel by the groove 3C, which is a void provided in a region between pixels, the driving current spreads in the ion conductive layer 3.
- the clear display can be concentrated on the area 3 A above the pixel electrode 4 without causing the display. Further, since it is not necessary to consider the spread of the drive current in the ion conductive layer 3, the distance d between the electrodes (the distance between the pixel electrode 4 and the transparent electrode 1) can be further reduced, and the display device Can be expected to be thinner.
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic configuration of a display device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, and also shows an example of a coloring density distribution of six pixels arranged along one gate line 13. Is schematically represented.
- the ion conductive layer 3 is spatially divided by selectively removing the ion conductive layer 3, but in the present embodiment, the ion conductivity of the ion conductive layer 3 is selectively reduced.
- the image is divided for each pixel by a process of selectively increasing it. That is, in the display device of the present embodiment, the ion conductive layer 3 is configured such that the ionic conductivity of the region 3A corresponding to the pixel is higher than the ionic conductivity of the region 3B between the pixels.
- This display device employs an active matrix drive using TFTs 6 similarly to the display device of the first embodiment, and the drive method has been described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. Therefore, the detailed description is omitted.
- a conductive polymer is produced by polymerizing a polymer in the production of a solid electrolyte, ultraviolet rays cause partial cross-linking and other chemical changes to reduce the resistance in that region. Can be raised or lowered.
- the pixel electrode 4 or the mask material used to form the pixel electrode 4 and its thickness are appropriately selected, the self-alignment method using these as a mask can be applied, and the manufacturing cost and yield can be reduced.
- the advantage is large in terms of rate.
- the ionic conductivity of the region 3B between the pixels is made smaller than the ionic conductivity of the region corresponding to the pixel, that is, the ionic conductivity of the region 3A above the pixel electrode 4. In other words, the resistivity is reduced.
- the ionic conductivity of the region 3B between the pixels is made smaller than the ionic conductivity of the region corresponding to the pixel, that is, the ionic conductivity of the region 3A above the pixel electrode 4.
- the resistivity is reduced.
- a lead portion was formed at an end of the substrate by a known method.
- This glass substrate 31 was placed in a glass tank 32 for electrolytic polymerization as shown in FIG.
- the electrolytic solution in the glass tank 32 was obtained by dissolving 1 mol / L of tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate and 1 mol / L of pyrrole in propylene carbonate.
- a platinum substrate 33 as a counter electrode and a silver wire 34 as a reference electrode were arranged as shown in FIG.
- a current of 2 mA was applied to the whole by a drive circuit (not shown) at a constant current until the amount of supplied electricity became 3 C (3 OmC / cm 2 ).
- an electropolymerized film of black polypyrrole was formed by doping with tetrafluoroporanion.
- the glass substrate 31 is placed in a glass tank containing an electrolytic solution obtained by dissolving tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate in propylene carbonate at 1 mol / liter, and a current of 1 mA is supplied. Energize until the charge reaches 0.8 C (8 mC / cm 2 ) and dope the polypyrrole during the electropolymerization. The ions were undoped.
- the polypyrrole electropolymerized film turned slightly yellowish and transparent.
- the electrode was immediately bonded to a driving electrode described later, and a polymer solid electrolyte was formed between the two electrodes as an ion conductive layer. Then, the end face of the bonding was sealed with an epoxy-based ultraviolet curable resin (Photorec, manufactured by Catalyst Chemicals, Inc.) as a sealant.
- an epoxy-based ultraviolet curable resin Photorec, manufactured by Catalyst Chemicals, Inc.
- ITO films and TFTs arranged in a plane at a pitch of 150 zm were formed by a known method on a glass substrate having a thickness of 1.1 mm and a thickness of 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm.
- a lead portion connected to a driving circuit was formed on the glass substrate by a known method.
- a known active matrix drive circuit switched between black display and colorless (white) display by oxidizing the display electrode with 2 C per pixel during color development and reducing it with the same amount of electricity during decoloration. .
- the circuit After placing the circuit in the color-developed state, the circuit was opened and left to stand. One week later, the optical density of the display section was about 1.0, indicating that it had memory integrity. When the cycle of color development and decoloration was repeated, the number of repetition cycles until the black density at the time of color development became 1.0 or less was about 8,000,000 times.
- the electrochromic display layer is made of polypyrrole (polymerization conditions: 2 mA constant current, synthetic electricity: 3 OmCZcm 2 ), electrolyte: tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroporate, ion-conductive layer thickness: 200 im. is there.
- polypyrrole polymerization conditions: 2 mA constant current, synthetic electricity: 3 OmCZcm 2
- electrolyte tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroporate
- ion-conductive layer thickness 200 im. is there.
- the response speed was measured under a transmission microscope and detected by photomultiplier intensity.
- the driving waveform is 0.1 ⁇ , square wave, and the applied voltage is ⁇ IV.
- the response speed of the polypyrrole was 19 Oms in the area with electrodes on both substrates, the area with electrodes on only one side, and the area 1.1 mm away from the edge where electrodes were on both substrates.
- the response was another 160 ms longer.
- the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiment and the example.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment and example, and can be variously modified.
- a method for limiting the charge amount of the drive current to a certain value or less as shown in FIG. 3 and a method for inverting the direction of the drive current as shown in FIG. 4 will be described.
- these methods may be used in combination or only one of them may be used.
- the groove 3C is a void, but the groove 3C may be filled with an insulating material.
- the case of the active matrix drive by the TFT has been described as an example.
- the ionic conductive layer 3 is formed.
- the configuration in which each pixel is divided can be similarly employed in the case of simple matrix driving.
- a plurality of independent electrodes are formed on the surface of the ion-conducting layer opposite to the surface in contact with the display layer. Characters and images to be displayed can be viewed from the transparent electrode side, and the electrodes and TFTs as active elements connected to them are located on the back side of the display layer. Therefore, the light transmittance of the TFT substrate does not become a problem, and the problem of the shadow caused by the TFT and the wiring electrode is solved. Also, multiple electrodes and TFT patterns can be viewed from the observer side. Since there is no visual recognition, the display layer becomes a true white background, and high-quality display can be realized.
- the electrochromic display layer is seen through the TFT side, so that the display is darkened by the area occupied by the TFT, resulting in lower contrast.
- the present invention unlike the related art, since the change in the color of the display layer is directly observed (through only the transparent electrode), there is no parallax and there is no influence on the light transmittance by the TFT. Therefore, a bright, high-contrast display can be obtained.
- the area of the TFT can be maximized, and not only can a—Si TFT and organic TFT be utilized, but also the electrodes need not be transparent, and any electrode material can be used. It is also possible to use.
- the display layer and the transparent electrode do not require patterning, and have significant manufacturing advantages such as reduction in the number of steps.
- the display device of one aspect of the present invention since the ion conductive layer is divided for each pixel by the groove provided in the region between the pixels, the driving current spreads in the ion conductive layer. Without clearing, clear display can be concentrated on the upper area of each of the multiple electrodes.
- the ion conductivity in a region corresponding to a pixel is higher than the ion conductivity in a region between pixels. Therefore, the spread of the driving current is suppressed, and the blur of the pixel can be ignored. Therefore, the display layer is colored corresponding to only the electrode to which the drive current is supplied, and a clear display is possible.
- the plurality of electrodes are a group of parallel strip electrodes
- the transparent electrodes are a group of parallel transparent electrodes orthogonal to each other. Since the pixels are arranged at the intersections between the electrodes and the strip-shaped transparent electrodes, it is possible to employ a simple matrix drive, which has conventionally been difficult due to crosstalk. Therefore, a display device with excellent image quality at low cost can be provided.
- the ratio of the length of the plurality of electrodes to the distance between the transparent electrode and the plurality of electrodes is 3: 1 or more.
- multiple electrodes Since the ratio of the width of the band-shaped electrode to the distance between the transparent electrode and the plurality of electrodes is set to 3: 1 or more, the spread of the drive current in the ion conductive layer is suppressed, and the influence on adjacent pixels is reduced. Can be reduced.
- the amount of charge or the direction of the driving current is controlled to control the amount of accumulated charge in the display layer, so that the transparent electrode has a common potential. Even when the drive current flows through the entire display layer and becomes colored, or when the drive current spreads in the ion conductive layer, the extra coloring (discoloration) of the display layer is reduced or eliminated. You. As a result, there is no need to significantly affect substantially adjacent pixels, and a quality that does not cause any problem as a display element can be obtained.
- the amount of charge of the drive current is changed by changing the color of the display layer in a portion sandwiched between the plurality of electrodes to which the drive current is supplied and the transparent electrode. Since the coloring is saturated, that is, the charge is limited to twice or less the amount of charge that reacts to all, it is possible to suppress the amount of charge flowing into pixels adjacent to or around the display layer. As a result, there is an advantage that substantially no influence is exerted on the adjacent pixels, and in the case of a photograph, the boundaries between the pixels are not conspicuous, resulting in a good display.
- the direction of the driving current is reversed, so that characters and images can be favorably displayed on the display layer, and the parallax is bright. Reflection-free display is realized.
- a current whose direction is reversed is supplied to all of the plurality of electrodes at the same time.
- the colored area can be subtracted, and the colored area returns to the originally intended size. Therefore, only the area corresponding to the electrode to which the drive current is supplied is colored, and a plurality of underlying electrodes and TFT patterns are not visible, and a display in which only characters are raised on a white background is possible. It is particularly suitable for character display that requires clarity of the outline.
- the current whose direction is reversed is simultaneously supplied to the electrode corresponding to the contour portion of the display among the plurality of electrodes.
- Extra coloration (discoloration) can be eliminated.
- blurring and blurring of pixels are improved, and clear display is possible.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/473,288 US6885489B2 (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2002-03-29 | Display unit and driving method therefor |
DE60226581T DE60226581D1 (de) | 2001-03-30 | 2002-03-29 | Anzeigeeinheit und ansteuerverfahren dafür |
JP2002577639A JPWO2002079868A1 (ja) | 2001-03-30 | 2002-03-29 | 表示装置及びその駆動方法 |
EP02713271A EP1376214B1 (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2002-03-29 | Display unit and driving method therefor |
KR10-2003-7012739A KR20030092035A (ko) | 2001-03-30 | 2002-03-29 | 표시 장치 및 그 구동 방법 |
US11/103,028 US7002721B2 (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2005-04-11 | Display unit and its driving method |
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JP2001098072 | 2001-03-30 | ||
JP2001-98072 | 2001-03-30 |
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WO2002079868A1 true WO2002079868A1 (fr) | 2002-10-10 |
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PCT/JP2002/003209 WO2002079868A1 (fr) | 2001-03-30 | 2002-03-29 | Unite d'affichage et procede d'actionnement correspondant |
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US (2) | US6885489B2 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP1376214B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2002079868A1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20030092035A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1288492C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE60226581D1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2002079868A1 (ja) |
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WO2004049294A1 (ja) * | 2002-11-22 | 2004-06-10 | Sony Corporation | 電気化学表示装置および駆動方法 |
JP2007316257A (ja) * | 2006-05-24 | 2007-12-06 | Casio Comput Co Ltd | エレクトロクロミック表示デバイス |
WO2010147041A1 (ja) * | 2009-06-16 | 2010-12-23 | コニカミノルタホールディングス株式会社 | メモリ性表示デバイス及びメモリ性表示デバイスシステム |
WO2012017864A1 (ja) * | 2010-08-02 | 2012-02-09 | シャープ株式会社 | 表示素子、表示装置および表示方法 |
JP2013117609A (ja) * | 2011-12-02 | 2013-06-13 | Funai Electric Advanced Applied Technology Research Institute Inc | 表示装置 |
JP2016145925A (ja) * | 2015-02-09 | 2016-08-12 | 株式会社リコー | エレクトロクロミック表示装置の駆動方法及びエレクトロクロミック表示装置 |
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- 2002-03-29 EP EP07020312A patent/EP1873749A1/en not_active Ceased
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Also Published As
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CN1288492C (zh) | 2006-12-06 |
EP1376214A4 (en) | 2005-08-03 |
US7002721B2 (en) | 2006-02-21 |
JPWO2002079868A1 (ja) | 2004-07-22 |
CN1500228A (zh) | 2004-05-26 |
KR20030092035A (ko) | 2003-12-03 |
EP1376214B1 (en) | 2008-05-14 |
EP1873749A1 (en) | 2008-01-02 |
US20040108819A1 (en) | 2004-06-10 |
US6885489B2 (en) | 2005-04-26 |
DE60226581D1 (de) | 2008-06-26 |
EP1376214A1 (en) | 2004-01-02 |
US20050174623A1 (en) | 2005-08-11 |
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