WO2002045759A2 - Contact lens packaging solutions - Google Patents

Contact lens packaging solutions Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002045759A2
WO2002045759A2 PCT/US2001/044022 US0144022W WO0245759A2 WO 2002045759 A2 WO2002045759 A2 WO 2002045759A2 US 0144022 W US0144022 W US 0144022W WO 0245759 A2 WO0245759 A2 WO 0245759A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
surfactant
solution
lens
poloxamer
contact lens
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/044022
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2002045759A3 (en
Inventor
Frank F. Molock
James D. Ford
Annie C. Maiden
Robert N. Love
Original Assignee
Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. filed Critical Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc.
Priority to AU3047202A priority Critical patent/AU3047202A/en
Priority to DE60104888T priority patent/DE60104888T2/en
Priority to BR0116037-0A priority patent/BR0116037A/en
Priority to CA2430984A priority patent/CA2430984C/en
Priority to JP2002547541A priority patent/JP4790203B2/en
Priority to AU2002230472A priority patent/AU2002230472C1/en
Priority to EP01990708A priority patent/EP1339434B1/en
Priority to KR1020037007652A priority patent/KR100843993B1/en
Publication of WO2002045759A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002045759A2/en
Publication of WO2002045759A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002045759A3/en
Priority to HK03107671A priority patent/HK1055403A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/667—Neutral esters, e.g. sorbitan esters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L12/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/662—Carbohydrates or derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
    • C11D3/0078—Compositions for cleaning contact lenses, spectacles or lenses
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
    • C11D1/52—Carboxylic amides, alkylolamides or imides or their condensation products with alkylene oxides
    • C11D1/521—Carboxylic amides (R1-CO-NR2R3), where R1, R2 and R3 are alkyl or alkenyl groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/722—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols having mixed oxyalkylene groups; Polyalkoxylated fatty alcohols or polyalkoxylated alkylaryl alcohols with mixed oxyalkylele groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/74—Carboxylates or sulfonates esters of polyoxyalkylene glycols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/75—Amino oxides

Definitions

  • This invention relates to packaging solutions for use with contact lenses.
  • the invention provides packaging solutions for use with contact lenses made of hydrophobic materials.
  • contact lenses are made of materials with high oxygen permeabilities, or oxygen permeabilities of about 10 Dk or greater. However, as a material's oxygen permeability increases, typically the material becomes increasingly hydrophobic.
  • the invention provides a packaging solution for contact lenses made of hydrophobic materials.
  • the invention provides a packaging solution for contact lenses made of hydrophobic materials that substantially prevents adherence of the lenses to a package's surfaces.
  • the invention provides a contact lens packaging solution comprising, consisting essentially of, and consisting of between about QU and about 250 ppm of a surfactant, preferably 0J to about 40 ppm, more preferably about 1 to about 40 ppm, wherein the surfactant has a hydrophile-lipophile balance of about 10 to about 30. It is an unexpected discovery of the invention that the use of very small amounts of certain surfactants in a lens packaging solution substantially prevents adherence of the hydrophobic lens to a package surfaces substantially eliminating breakage or deformation of the lens in the package.
  • hydrophobic lens is a lens made from at least one hydrophobic monomer.
  • the packaging solutions of the invention may find particular utility when used for the storage of non-ionic lenses.
  • Lenses for use with the solutions of the invention may be made from acquafilcon, alphafilcon, atlafilcon, etafilcon, bulifilcon, lenefilcon, lidifilcon, lotrafilcon, methafilcon, ocufilcon, perfilcon, phemfilcon, vilifilcon, Saufon, Hydron, and the like, and combinations thereof.
  • the lens is an acquafilcon or lenefilcon lens.
  • the surfactants suitable for use in the invention are of any suitable molecular weight, preferably about 200 to about 1,000,000, more preferably about 10,000 to about 18,000, most preferably about 12,000 to about 18,000.
  • Useful surfactants have a hydrophile-lipophile balance ("HLB") of about 10 to about 30, preferably about 15 to about 25, more preferably about 18 to about 23.
  • HLB hydrophile-lipophile balance
  • any of the known surfactants fitting the aforementioned criteria may be used in the solution of the invention provided that the surfactant is compatible, in terms of solubility, in the solution with which it is used.
  • suitable surfactants include, without limitation, cationic, ionic, non-ionic surfactants, and combinations thereof.
  • the use of a lens packaging solution containing cationic and ionic surfactants may cause eye irritation. Therefore, preferably the surfactant is a non- ionic surfactant.
  • Suitable non-ionic surfactants for use in the invention include, without limitation, polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids, such as polysorbate 20, 60 or 80, all available as TWEEN® surfactants, alkanolamides, amine oxides, ethoxylated alcohols and acids, and surfactants having one or more poly(oxyalkylene) chains, such as poloxamine or poloxamer surfactants, and the like, and combinations thereof.
  • the surfactant is a polysorbate or poloxamer surfactant.
  • Poloxamer surfactants are commercially available under the name PLURONIC® that are polyoxyethylene - polyoxypropylene non-ionic surfactants having polyoxy ethyl hydrophilic group ends that make up about 10 to about 80 percent by weight of the molecule. Although any of the PLURONIC® surfactants are preferred, particularly preferred for use in the invention is PLURONIC® 127, which is about 70 percent by weight ethylene oxide and has a molecular weight of about 12,000 to about 15,0000.
  • the surfactant may be combined with any known active and carrier components useful for lens packaging solution.
  • suitable active ingredients for lens packaging solutions include, without limitation, antibacterial agents, anti-dryness agents, such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and dextran, tonicity agents, and the like, and combinations thereof.
  • the packaging solution may be any water-based solution that is used for the storage of contact lenses.
  • Typical solutions include, without limitation, saline solutions, other buffered solutions, and deionized water.
  • the preferred aqueous solution is saline solution containing salts including, without limitation, sodium chloride, sodium borate, sodium phosphate, sodium hydrogenphosphate, sodium dihydrogenphosphate, or the corresponding potassium salts of the same. These ingredients are generally combined to form buffered solutions that include an acid and its conjugate base, so that addition of acids and bases cause only a relatively small
  • the buffered solutions may additionally include 2-(N- morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES), sodium hydroxide, 2,2- bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,2',2"-nitrilotriethanol, n-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-2- aminoethanesulfonic acid, citric acid, sodium citrate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, acetic acid, sodium acetate, and the like and combinations thereof.
  • the solution is a borate buffered or phosphate buffered saline solution.
  • the surfactant along with any additional ingredients are combined with the water-based solution, stirred, and dissolved.
  • the pH of the solution preferably is adjusted to about 6.2 to about 7.5.
  • the lens to be stored in the packaging solution of the invention is immersed in the solution and the solution and lens placed in the package in which the lens is to be stored.
  • the solution may be placed into the package and the lens then placed, into the solution.
  • the package is then sealed by any convenient method, such as by heat sealing, and undergoes a suitable sterilization procedure.

Abstract

The invention provides a packaging solution for use with hydrophobic contact lenses. The packaging solution of the invention substantially prevents adherence of the lenses to the packages' surfaces, thus preventing deformation or breakage of the lens.

Description

CONTACT LENS PACKAGING SOLUTIONS Field of the Invention This invention relates to packaging solutions for use with contact lenses. In particular, the invention provides packaging solutions for use with contact lenses made of hydrophobic materials.
Background of the Invention The use of contact lenses for correction of ocular refractive disorders is widespread due, in part, to the cosmetic appeal of contact lenses. Preferably, contact lenses are made of materials with high oxygen permeabilities, or oxygen permeabilities of about 10 Dk or greater. However, as a material's oxygen permeability increases, typically the material becomes increasingly hydrophobic.
When a contact lens made of a hydrophobic material comes in contact with another hydrophobic material, the lens' surface adheres to the material's surface. This is problematic in the packaging of the lenses because typical contact lens packaging materials are hydrophobic. Thus, the contact lens can adhere to the packaging material causing lens deformation or breakage.
Description of the Invention and Preferred Embodiments.
The invention provides a packaging solution for contact lenses made of hydrophobic materials. In particular, the invention provides a packaging solution for contact lenses made of hydrophobic materials that substantially prevents adherence of the lenses to a package's surfaces.
In one embodiment, the invention provides a contact lens packaging solution comprising, consisting essentially of, and consisting of between about QU and about 250 ppm of a surfactant, preferably 0J to about 40 ppm, more preferably about 1 to about 40 ppm, wherein the surfactant has a hydrophile-lipophile balance of about 10 to about 30. It is an unexpected discovery of the invention that the use of very small amounts of certain surfactants in a lens packaging solution substantially prevents adherence of the hydrophobic lens to a package surfaces substantially eliminating breakage or deformation of the lens in the package.
For purposes of the invention, by "hydrophobic lens" is a lens made from at least one hydrophobic monomer. The packaging solutions of the invention may find particular utility when used for the storage of non-ionic lenses. Lenses for use with the solutions of the invention may be made from acquafilcon, alphafilcon, atlafilcon, etafilcon, bulifilcon, lenefilcon, lidifilcon, lotrafilcon, methafilcon, ocufilcon, perfilcon, phemfilcon, vilifilcon, Saufon, Hydron, and the like, and combinations thereof. Preferably, the lens is an acquafilcon or lenefilcon lens.
The surfactants suitable for use in the invention are of any suitable molecular weight, preferably about 200 to about 1,000,000, more preferably about 10,000 to about 18,000, most preferably about 12,000 to about 18,000. Useful surfactants have a hydrophile-lipophile balance ("HLB") of about 10 to about 30, preferably about 15 to about 25, more preferably about 18 to about 23.
Any of the known surfactants fitting the aforementioned criteria may be used in the solution of the invention provided that the surfactant is compatible, in terms of solubility, in the solution with which it is used. Thus, suitable surfactants include, without limitation, cationic, ionic, non-ionic surfactants, and combinations thereof. However, the use of a lens packaging solution containing cationic and ionic surfactants may cause eye irritation. Therefore, preferably the surfactant is a non- ionic surfactant. Suitable non-ionic surfactants for use in the invention include, without limitation, polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids, such as polysorbate 20, 60 or 80, all available as TWEEN® surfactants, alkanolamides, amine oxides, ethoxylated alcohols and acids, and surfactants having one or more poly(oxyalkylene) chains, such as poloxamine or poloxamer surfactants, and the like, and combinations thereof. Preferably, the surfactant is a polysorbate or poloxamer surfactant. Poloxamer surfactants are commercially available under the name PLURONIC® that are polyoxyethylene - polyoxypropylene non-ionic surfactants having polyoxy ethyl hydrophilic group ends that make up about 10 to about 80 percent by weight of the molecule. Although any of the PLURONIC® surfactants are preferred, particularly preferred for use in the invention is PLURONIC® 127, which is about 70 percent by weight ethylene oxide and has a molecular weight of about 12,000 to about 15,0000.
The surfactant may be combined with any known active and carrier components useful for lens packaging solution. Suitable active ingredients for lens packaging solutions include, without limitation, antibacterial agents, anti-dryness agents, such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and dextran, tonicity agents, and the like, and combinations thereof.
The packaging solution may be any water-based solution that is used for the storage of contact lenses. Typical solutions include, without limitation, saline solutions, other buffered solutions, and deionized water. The preferred aqueous solution is saline solution containing salts including, without limitation, sodium chloride, sodium borate, sodium phosphate, sodium hydrogenphosphate, sodium dihydrogenphosphate, or the corresponding potassium salts of the same. These ingredients are generally combined to form buffered solutions that include an acid and its conjugate base, so that addition of acids and bases cause only a relatively small
change in pH. The buffered solutions may additionally include 2-(N- morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES), sodium hydroxide, 2,2- bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,2',2"-nitrilotriethanol, n-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-2- aminoethanesulfonic acid, citric acid, sodium citrate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, acetic acid, sodium acetate, and the like and combinations thereof. Preferably, the solution is a borate buffered or phosphate buffered saline solution.
To form the packaging solution, the surfactant along with any additional ingredients are combined with the water-based solution, stirred, and dissolved. The pH of the solution preferably is adjusted to about 6.2 to about 7.5. The lens to be stored in the packaging solution of the invention is immersed in the solution and the solution and lens placed in the package in which the lens is to be stored.
Alternatively, the solution may be placed into the package and the lens then placed, into the solution. Typically, the package is then sealed by any convenient method, such as by heat sealing, and undergoes a suitable sterilization procedure.

Claims

What is claimed is:
1. A contact lens packaging solution comprising about 0.1 and about 250 ppm of a surfactant selected from the group consisting of a polyethylene glycol ester of a fatty acid, an alkanolamide, an amine oxide, an ethoxylated alcohol, an ethoxylated acid, and combinations thereof, wherein the surfactant has a hydrophile-lipophile balance of about 10 to about 30.
2. The solution of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant is a polyethylene glycol ester of a fatty acid.
3. The solution of claim 1, wherein the surfactant is a polysorbate.
4. A contact lens packaging solution comprising about 0.1 to about 40 ppm of a surfactant having one or more poly(oxyalkylene) chains, wherein the surfactant has a hydrophile-lipophile balance of about 10 to about 30.
5. The solution of claim 4, wherein the non-ionic surfactant is a poloxamine surfactant, a poloxamer surfactant, or a combination thereof.
6. The solution of claim 4, wherein the surfactant is a poloxamer surfactant.
7. The solution of claim 6, wherein the poloxamer surfactant is a polyoxyethylene - polyoxypropylene non-ionic surfactant having polyoxyethyl hydrophilic group ends that make up about 10 to about 80 percent by weight of the molecule.
8. The solution of claim 7, wherein the non-ionic surfactant is about 70 percent by weight ethylene oxide and has a molecular weight of about 12,000 to about 15,0000.
9. A method for storing a hydrophobic contact lens, comprising the step of immersing the lens for storage in a packaging solution comprising about 0J and about 250 ppm of a surfactant selected from the group consisting of a polyethylene glycol ester of a fatty acid, an alkanolamide, an amine oxide, an ethoxylated alcohol, an ethoxylated acid, and combinations thereof, wherein the surfactant has a hydrophile-lipophile balance of about 10 to about 30.
10. The solution of claim 9, wherein the surfactant is a polyethylene glycol ester of a fatty acid.
11. The solution of claim 10, wherein the surfactant is a polysorbate.
12. A method for storing a hydrophobic contact lens, comprising the step of immersing the lens for storage in a packaging solution comprising about 0.1 to about 40 ppm of a surfactant having one or more poly(oxyalkylene) chains, wherein the surfactant has a hydrophile-lipophile balance of about 10 to about 30.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the surfactant is a poloxamine surfactant, a poloxamer surfactant, or a combination thereof.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the surfactant is a poloxamer surfactant.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the poloxamer surfactant is a polyoxyethylene — polyoxypropylene non-ionic surfactant having polyoxyethyl hydrophihc group ends that make up about 10 to about 80 percent by weight of the molecule.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the surfactant is about 70 percent by weight ethylene oxide and has a molecular weight of about 12,000 to about 15,0000.
PCT/US2001/044022 2000-12-07 2001-11-14 Contact lens packaging solutions WO2002045759A2 (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU3047202A AU3047202A (en) 2000-12-07 2001-11-14 Contact lens packaging solutions
DE60104888T DE60104888T2 (en) 2000-12-07 2001-11-14 SOLUTIONS FOR PACKAGING CONTACT LENSES
BR0116037-0A BR0116037A (en) 2000-12-07 2001-11-14 Contact Lens Packaging Solutions
CA2430984A CA2430984C (en) 2000-12-07 2001-11-14 Contact lens packaging solutions
JP2002547541A JP4790203B2 (en) 2000-12-07 2001-11-14 Contact lens packaging solution
AU2002230472A AU2002230472C1 (en) 2000-12-07 2001-11-14 Contact lens packaging solutions
EP01990708A EP1339434B1 (en) 2000-12-07 2001-11-14 Contact lens packaging solutions
KR1020037007652A KR100843993B1 (en) 2000-12-07 2001-11-14 An article comprising a sterile lens package, a contact lens packaging solution, a method for packaging a hydrophobic contact lens, and a method for storing a hydrophobic contact lens
HK03107671A HK1055403A1 (en) 2000-12-07 2003-10-23 Contact lens packaging solutions.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/731,553 2000-12-07
US09/731,553 US6531432B2 (en) 2000-12-07 2000-12-07 Contact lens packaging solutions

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002045759A2 true WO2002045759A2 (en) 2002-06-13
WO2002045759A3 WO2002045759A3 (en) 2003-02-13

Family

ID=24940006

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2001/044022 WO2002045759A2 (en) 2000-12-07 2001-11-14 Contact lens packaging solutions

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US6531432B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1339434B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4790203B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100843993B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1213773C (en)
AR (1) AR035403A1 (en)
AU (2) AU3047202A (en)
BR (1) BR0116037A (en)
CA (1) CA2430984C (en)
DE (1) DE60104888T2 (en)
HK (1) HK1055403A1 (en)
TW (1) TWI231220B (en)
WO (1) WO2002045759A2 (en)

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JP2006526807A (en) * 2003-04-24 2006-11-24 オキュラー サイエンシス インコーポレイテッド Hydrogel contact lenses and packaging systems and methods for their production
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US7968050B2 (en) 2006-02-17 2011-06-28 Novartis Ag Method for sterilization of hydrogel contact lenses
US9463425B2 (en) 2011-09-02 2016-10-11 Menicon Co., Ltd. System for improving hydrophilicity of contact lens and application of the same to packaging of contact lens

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KR102411923B1 (en) 2010-07-30 2022-06-22 알콘 인코포레이티드 Silicone hydrogel lenses with water-rich surfaces
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BR0116037A (en) 2004-02-17
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WO2002045759A3 (en) 2003-02-13
CA2430984A1 (en) 2002-06-13
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KR20030068169A (en) 2003-08-19
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AU2002230472B2 (en) 2005-11-24
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US6531432B2 (en) 2003-03-11
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CN1479633A (en) 2004-03-03
CA2430984C (en) 2010-10-05
AU3047202A (en) 2002-06-18
AU2002230472C1 (en) 2006-09-21
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EP1339434B1 (en) 2004-08-11
US20020071789A1 (en) 2002-06-13

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