WO2000079696A1 - Underfoot tactile safety guidance system - Google Patents
Underfoot tactile safety guidance system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000079696A1 WO2000079696A1 PCT/US2000/040195 US0040195W WO0079696A1 WO 2000079696 A1 WO2000079696 A1 WO 2000079696A1 US 0040195 W US0040195 W US 0040195W WO 0079696 A1 WO0079696 A1 WO 0079696A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- guidance system
- tactile guidance
- tactile
- thermoplastic
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
- E01C5/22—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units composed of a mixture of materials covered by two or more of groups E01C5/008, E01C5/02 - E01C5/20 except embedded reinforcing materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
- A61H3/00—Appliances for aiding patients or disabled persons to walk about
- A61H3/06—Walking aids for blind persons
- A61H3/066—Installations on the floor, e.g. special surfaces, to guide blind persons
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
- A61H3/00—Appliances for aiding patients or disabled persons to walk about
- A61H3/06—Walking aids for blind persons
- A61H3/061—Walking aids for blind persons with electronic detecting or guiding means
- A61H2003/063—Walking aids for blind persons with electronic detecting or guiding means with tactile perception
Definitions
- This invention relates to a system for marking walking surfaces for the safety of persons walking thereon. More particularly, this invention relates to a system for marking walking surfaces to provide an underfoot tactile indication to persons walking at or near potentially hazardous areas.
- railroad platforms are raised areas at train stations located adjacent the tracks and on which passengers and crew members walk when boarding or disembarking from railroad trains.
- the platform surface is generally at a level of a foot or more above the railroad tracks.
- Such surfaces have been formed from materials such as pre-formed concrete slabs or linoleum having a top surface with a pattern formed therein.
- materials such as pre-formed concrete slabs or linoleum having a top surface with a pattern formed therein.
- Each of these materials has significant disadvantages for this purpose. Concrete slabs are heavy, making their installation time consuming and more labor- intensive. Concrete slabs have a substantial thickness, which may require that the surface on which the slabs are to be installed either be formed with a depressed ledge to accommodate the slabs, or undergo a pre-installation preparation to reduce the surface height to accommodate the slabs. Also, since the concrete slabs must be pre-formed, it is difficult to modify them at the installation site to accommodate irregularities in the platform configuration.
- Linoleum having a raised pattern on its top surface is lightweight and easy to install using either a water-based or solvent-based adhesive. Linoleum, however, poses a significant safety hazard in the event of fire, which can cause it to emit significant quantities of smoke and toxic fumes. For this reason, linoleum has been banned for use on railroad platforms in the United Kingdom. There is a need for a railroad platform safety marking system that will provide tactile underfoot guidance to visually impaired persons at the edge of railroad platforms, will be easy to install and adaptable to a variety of installation configurations, and will not cause a safety hazard by emitting significant smoke or toxic fumes in the event of fire. There is also a need for an underfoot tactile guidance system for use on sidewalks, cross-walks, and public walkways, particularly in those areas that are hazardous for visually impaired persons.
- an underfoot tactile guidance system comprises a multi-layer structure comprising a layer of highly durable, pliant, preformed material having a raised pattern formed on the top surface thereof and installed in a potentially hazardous area in which persons may walk, the raised pattern being physically detectable to the footstep of a person stepping thereon, so that the person will be aware of stepping in a potentially hazardous area, even if the person cannot see the guidance system.
- a separate bottom layer of thermoplastic material of the hot-melt adhesive type is melted in place to the area to be marked. The molten thermoplastic bottom layer serves as an adhesive.
- One or more additional layers of material are placed on the molten bottom thermoplastic layer, the top surface of the one or more additional layers having the preformed raised pattern.
- the bottom layer is allowed to cool and solidify to provide a secure attachment between the raised pattern of the top surface and the area to be marked.
- the top layer of the guidance system can also be a hot-melt adhesive-type of thermoplastic, and can have the same or similar composition as the molten bottom layer.
- the multi -layer structure can also comprise layers of fabric or other thermoplastic materials, to impart improved tensile strength and tear resistance to the guidance system.
- the tactile guidance comprises preformed tiles or slabs having a raised pattern on the top surface thereof and a pressure-sensitive adhesive covered by a release liner on the bottom surface thereof.
- the tactile guidance system of the invention can be cut and shaped to conform to a variety of configurations.
- the guidance system can be adapted at the installation site to fit unique corners, angles, and other shapes as may be required.
- the top layer can be made skid-resistant, to provide surer footing in potentially hazardous areas.
- the top layer can also be provided with enhanced visibility, such as by the use of bright colors and/or retroreflective elements, to also serve as a visual guidance system for sighted persons.
- the underfoot tactile guidance system of the instant invention comprises a multilayer structure comprising a bottom layer of a thermoplastic material of the hot-melt adhesive type that can be melted in place, the top surface of the multi-layer structure being a preformed, durable, pliant material provided with a pre-formed raised pattern on at least one surface thereof, the pattern being of sufficient unevenness to be detectable to the footstep of a person stepping thereon.
- the material of the top layer can be a thermoplastic hot-melt adhesive, and can be the same composition as the material of the bottom layer, although other materials and compositions can be used.
- Thermoplastic visible marking systems for roadway surfaces are known in the prior art.
- One such system is produced and sold by the assignee herein under the name HotTape ® preformed pavement markings for traffic control solutions, and is a hot-melt adhesive product used for providing stripes, arrows, and other visible legends on concrete and asphalt surfaces.
- HotTape ® pre-formed pavement markings have a substantially smooth top surface, and do not have a preformed raised pattern detectable to the footstep of a person.
- an advantage of the instant invention is that the desired raised pattern is pre-formed in the top layer prior to installation, rather than at the job site.
- the raised pattern can be formed on the preformed thermoplastic material used in the instant invention by known means such as embossing.
- Other suitable methods of forming the raised pattern in the top layer include casting, molding, stamping, and impressions by a pattern wheel on an extruded layer of material.
- the bottom layer of hot-melt adhesive thermoplastic material is melted in place.
- the bottom layer material can be provided as preformed tiles or sheets that are laid in place and melted by an applied heat source, such as a propane torch or a heat gun.
- the material of the bottom layer can be provided at the installation site in a form such as powder or pellets, which are melted and extruded in the molten state in a layer directly on the surface to be marked.
- the tiles of the one or more additional layers having a raised pattern on the top surface thereof are then set on top of the molten bottom layer and pressed in place.
- the bottom layer is allowed to cool and solidify, whereby the tiles of one or more additional layers are secured in position, with the solidified bottom layer acting as an adhesive between the tiles and the surface on which they are installed.
- the durable pliant material used in the one or more additional layers of the guidance system of the instant invention can be provided in a variety of sizes and dimensions in accordance with customer specifications.
- the additional layers can be provided conveniently as tiles of dimension 400 mm x 400 mm, although other shapes and sizes can be used.
- the material of the top layer can be about 50-150 mils in average thickness, although thicker or thinner materials can be used in accordance with the requirements of particular installations.
- the raised pattern on the top surface of the top layer can have a depth variation above the 50-150 mils average thickness selected according to the customer's specification.
- the bottom layer of hot-melt adhesive thermoplastic can have an average thickness of about 30-90 mils .
- the tiles of preformed material can be provided on their bottom surface with a pressure-sensitive adhesive covered by a release liner. At the installation site the system can be installed by removing the release liner and pressing the tiles into place.
- the underfoot tactile guidance system of the instant invention is lighter weight, and faster and easier to install than concrete tactile guidance systems of the prior art, which will result in substantial savings in labor and installation costs.
- the inventive guidance system is also readily adaptable to a wide variety of installation configurations, including curves, angles, and corner surfaces, because tiles of the durable pliant thermoplastic material can be cut to conform to any surface.
- the use of a hot -melt thermoplastic adhesive in the tactile guidance system of the instant invention advantageously avoids the use of prior art water-based or solvent-based adhesive systems.
- the installation of the inventive tactile guidance system is less time-consuming and labor-intensive than prior art concrete systems.
- the tactile guidance system of the instant invention will be slightly raised with respect to the adjoining walking surface, but will not be so thick as to require the removal of a portion of the surface to which it is to be applied. If it is desired that the top surface of the inventive tactile guidance system be flush with the adjoining walking surface, then optionally a corresponding thickness can be removed form the guidance system installation surface prior to the installation of the bottom layer.
- the top layer can be provided with retroreflective elements such as retroreflective glass beads, to make the guidance system more visible, particularly at night. Glass beads can also serve to make the surface of the top layer more skid-resistant. Other materials can also be incorporated into the top layer to improve skid-resistance.
- the top layer can also be provided with a colored pigment to improve visibility of the guidance system.
- the tactile guidance system may include additional layers to impart certain desired properties to the system.
- a fabric layers can be used to provide improved tensile strength and tear resistance.
- additional layers advantageously can be pre-formed with the top layer as a composite structure which can then be applied to the molten bottom layer in a single step.
- thermoplastic material of the top layer can be the same or different from the thermoplastic hot-melt adhesive material of the bottom layer. In either case, the materials can be selected from materials that do not emit significant quantities of smoke or toxic fumes in the event of fire.
- the tactile guidance system of the instant invention will find utility in those areas where persons walk and which are potentially hazardous.
- the tactile guidance system can be installed along the edges of railroad platforms to alert visually impaired persons that they are approaching the edge of the platform.
- the tactile guidance system will also find utility on stair steps, walkways, parking lots, curbs, cross-walks, and other places that are potentially hazardous for visually impaired persons .
- the composition of the tactile and adhesive layers may depend on the site at which the system is to be installed.
- the tactile layer can comprise calcium carbonate filler in the amount of 60-85 wt%, and preferably 70-80 wt%; an alkyd resin in the amount of 7-15 wt% and preferably 8-10 wt%; a polyamide resin the in the amount of 5-10 wt% and preferably 6-8 wt%; plasticizer in the amount of 3-8 wt% and preferably 4-6 wt%; cullets dropped on the top surface in the amount of 1.5-5 wt% and preferably 2-4 wt%; paraffinic wax in the amount of 1-4 wt% and preferably 1.5-2.5 wt%; anti-oxidant in the amount of less than 2 wt% and preferably less than 1 wt%, and pigment in the amount of less than 5 wt% and preferably less than 2 wt%.
- the bottom adhesive layer is of the hot-melt type rather than the pressure-sensitive type, then the bottom layer can be of a composition substantially identical to the tactile layer except omitting the cullets.
- the pigment may impart a gray color, or any color desired for the particular environment.
- the tactile layer can comprise calcium carbonate filler in the amount of 60-85 wt% and preferably 70-80 wt%; alkyd resin in the amount of 7-13 wt% and preferably 9-11 wt%; polyamide resin in the amount of 5-10 wt% and preferably 6-8 wt%; cullets dropped on the surface in the amount of 5-10 wt% and preferably 6-8 wt%; plasticizer in the amount of 2-4 wt% and preferably 2.5-3.5 wt%; paraffinic wax in the amount of 1-4 wt% and preferably
- a hot melt adhesive layer suitable for use with the pedestrian cross-walks tactile layer can comprise calcium carbonate further in the amount of 60-85 wt% and preferably 70-80 wt%; alkyd resin in the amount of 10-16 wt% and preferably 12-14 wt%; polyamide resin in the amount of 6-10 wt% and preferably 7-9 wt%; plasticizer in the amount of 1.5-4.5 wt% and preferably in the amount of 2-4 wt%; paraffinic wax in the amount of less than 2 wt% and preferably less than 1 wt%; anti-oxidant in the amount of less than 2 wt% and preferably less than 1 wt%; and pigment in the amount of less than 2 wt% and preferably less than 1 wt%.
- the filler can comprise talc, mica, barytes, fiberglass, glass beads, cullets, all alone or in any combination with or without calcium carbonate, and with suspending agents, thickness, or extenders.
- alkyd resin one could use hydro resins, polyester resins, maleic resins, phenolic resins, epoxy resins, or acrylic resins.
- Suitable equivalents for the polyamide resin include ethylene vinyl acetate, propylene vinyl acetate, and polystyrene.
- glass beads can be applied to the top surface of the tactile layer.
- Suitable equivalents for paraffinic wax include polyethylene wax and polypropylene wax.
- Other ingredients that can be used in both the tactile and adhesive layers include leveling agents, anti-corrosion agents, and UV stabilizers .
- Example 1 illustrate various embodiments of the instant invention.
- a quantity of Stimsonite HotTape ® brand hot melt thermoplastic was melted to sufficient viscosity and drawn into a flat sheet to an average thickness of approximately 125 mils.
- a cylinder with a carved-in square pattern was rolled over the molten sheet. Water was sprayed onto the sheet while the cylinder was rolled and served as a mold release material between the cylinder and the molten flat sheet. As the cylinder was rolled, the square pattern was transferred into the molten sheet thus producing the tactile layer. The tactile layer was allowed to cool off and served as the top layer.
- the bottom layer was a hot melt thermoplastic adhesive melted to sufficient viscosity to serve as an adhesive for the top tactile layer.
- the top tactile layer with the pattern formed thereon was not heated, but pressed firmly into the molten bottom layer and allowed to cool off.
- a quantity of Stimsonite HotTape ® brand hot melt thermoplastic was melted to sufficient viscosity and drawn into a flat sheet to an average thickness of approximately 125 mils. This drawn sheet was allowed to cool. To this, a Teflon flat mold with specific round holes was laid on the cooled thermoplastic sheet. A molten hot melt adhesive was poured into the cavities of the Teflon sheet. Excess molten material was scraped off the Teflon sheets while still hot. The material was allowed to cool off, and the
- Teflon sheet was removed leaving the tactile pattern formed on the thermoplastic sheet.
- a silicone or other mold release agent can be used to aid in the demolding of the Teflon sheet.
- This tactile layer served as the top layer.
- the bottom layer was a hot melt thermoplastic adhesive melted to sufficient viscosity to serve as an adhesive for the top tactile layer.
- the top tactile layer with the pattern formed thereon was not heated, but pressed firmly into the molten bottom layer and allowed to cool off.
- a quantity of Stimsonite HotTape ® brand hot melt thermoplastic was melted to sufficient viscosity and drawn into a flat sheet to average thickness of approximately 125 mils. The drawn sheet was allowed to slightly cool off. A dollop of molten thermoplastic was poured onto the warm thermoplastic sheet forming a raised surface from the sheet. The dollop was repeated several times across the surface to form the tactile layer. This tactile layer served as the top layer.
- the bottom layer was a hot melt thermoplastic melted to sufficient viscosity to serve as an adhesive to the top tactile layer.
- the top tactile layer with the pattern formed thereon was not heated, but pressed firmly into the molten bottom layer and allowed to cool off.
- Example 4 A quantity of Stimsonite HotTape ® brand hot melt thermoplastic was melted to sufficient viscosity and drawn into a flat sheet to average thickness of approximately 125 mils. Round tabs were cut from a second sheet of hot melt thermoplastic. These round tabs were placed onto the melt thermoplastic sheet while the drawn sheet was still in a semi -molten state, thus creating a tactile layer. This served as the top layer.
- the bottom layer was a hot melt thermoplastic melted to sufficient viscosity to serve as an adhesive to the top tactile layer.
- the top tactile layer with the pattern formed thereon was not heated, but pressed firmly into the molten bottom layer and allowed to cool off.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Rehabilitation Therapy (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR0006875-6A BR0006875A (en) | 1999-06-18 | 2000-06-15 | Tactile safety guide system underfoot |
GB0106150A GB2359100A (en) | 1999-06-18 | 2000-06-15 | Underfoot tactile safety guidance system |
AU65397/00A AU6539700A (en) | 1999-06-18 | 2000-06-15 | Underfoot tactile safety guidance system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14004899P | 1999-06-18 | 1999-06-18 | |
US60/140,048 | 1999-06-18 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000079696A1 true WO2000079696A1 (en) | 2000-12-28 |
Family
ID=22489512
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2000/040195 WO2000079696A1 (en) | 1999-06-18 | 2000-06-15 | Underfoot tactile safety guidance system |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN1336043A (en) |
AU (1) | AU6539700A (en) |
BR (1) | BR0006875A (en) |
GB (1) | GB2359100A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000079696A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3531406B1 (en) * | 2012-07-30 | 2020-09-16 | CTA Australia Pty Ltd. | Improvements relating to tactile ground surface indicators |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3915771A (en) * | 1974-03-04 | 1975-10-28 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Pavement-marking tape |
US4162998A (en) * | 1977-04-22 | 1979-07-31 | Kao Soap Co., Ltd. | Process for preparation of asphalt-epoxy resin composition |
US4401050A (en) * | 1981-06-08 | 1983-08-30 | Britt Laurence D | Phosphorescent escape route indicator |
US4715743A (en) * | 1986-06-13 | 1987-12-29 | Schmanski Donald W | Mobility guide tile for visually handicapped |
US5331918A (en) * | 1993-01-14 | 1994-07-26 | Honigsbaum Richard F | Tactiovisual exit finding system for aircraft cabins and the like |
US5409325A (en) * | 1994-02-10 | 1995-04-25 | Wu; Ming-Hsin | Vinyl walkway paver |
US5626094A (en) * | 1995-03-03 | 1997-05-06 | Jeffery; Robert T. | Tactile last-step indicator for stair safety |
US6025773A (en) * | 1998-02-09 | 2000-02-15 | Bresnan; William P. | Tactile safety guidance system for low visibility situations |
-
2000
- 2000-06-15 GB GB0106150A patent/GB2359100A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-06-15 CN CN 00801731 patent/CN1336043A/en active Pending
- 2000-06-15 BR BR0006875-6A patent/BR0006875A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-06-15 WO PCT/US2000/040195 patent/WO2000079696A1/en active Application Filing
- 2000-06-15 AU AU65397/00A patent/AU6539700A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3915771A (en) * | 1974-03-04 | 1975-10-28 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Pavement-marking tape |
US4162998A (en) * | 1977-04-22 | 1979-07-31 | Kao Soap Co., Ltd. | Process for preparation of asphalt-epoxy resin composition |
US4401050A (en) * | 1981-06-08 | 1983-08-30 | Britt Laurence D | Phosphorescent escape route indicator |
US4715743A (en) * | 1986-06-13 | 1987-12-29 | Schmanski Donald W | Mobility guide tile for visually handicapped |
US5331918A (en) * | 1993-01-14 | 1994-07-26 | Honigsbaum Richard F | Tactiovisual exit finding system for aircraft cabins and the like |
US5409325A (en) * | 1994-02-10 | 1995-04-25 | Wu; Ming-Hsin | Vinyl walkway paver |
US5626094A (en) * | 1995-03-03 | 1997-05-06 | Jeffery; Robert T. | Tactile last-step indicator for stair safety |
US6025773A (en) * | 1998-02-09 | 2000-02-15 | Bresnan; William P. | Tactile safety guidance system for low visibility situations |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU6539700A (en) | 2001-01-09 |
BR0006875A (en) | 2001-08-07 |
GB0106150D0 (en) | 2001-05-02 |
GB2359100A (en) | 2001-08-15 |
CN1336043A (en) | 2002-02-13 |
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