WO2000027847A1 - Porphyrin compounds, their conjugates and assay methods based on the use of said conjugates - Google Patents
Porphyrin compounds, their conjugates and assay methods based on the use of said conjugates Download PDFInfo
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- WO2000027847A1 WO2000027847A1 PCT/FI1999/000898 FI9900898W WO0027847A1 WO 2000027847 A1 WO2000027847 A1 WO 2000027847A1 FI 9900898 W FI9900898 W FI 9900898W WO 0027847 A1 WO0027847 A1 WO 0027847A1
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- 0 C*(C(CCC(C(C)=C(C1C*23*(C(C(C)=C4CCC(*)=O)=C5)C4=C4)C=C6*2=C4C(CCC(*)=O)=C6C)=C1C=C1*3=C5C(C)=C1CCC(C)=O)=O)N Chemical compound C*(C(CCC(C(C)=C(C1C*23*(C(C(C)=C4CCC(*)=O)=C5)C4=C4)C=C6*2=C4C(CCC(*)=O)=C6C)=C1C=C1*3=C5C(C)=C1CCC(C)=O)=O)N 0.000 description 6
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/58—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances
- G01N33/582—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances with fluorescent label
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10S436/80—Fluorescent dyes, e.g. rhodamine
Definitions
- This invention relates to the chemistry and applications of the metalloporphyiins.
- it is related to novel photoluminescent metalloporphyrin compounds, their preparation and to the use of the said compounds as labelling reagents for biologically active molecules.
- This invention can be applied for example, in biomedical research and in-vitro diagnostics, in food industry, in chemical and pharmaceutical industry, in biotechnology as well as in environmental monitoring.
- photoluminescent dyes are frequently used for labelling of biomolecules in different analytical applications.
- Various photoluminescent dyes with different physical, chemical and spectral properties have been described, that suit a wide range of applications, such as staining of proteins, nucleic acids, cells, for use in microscopy, immunoassays and DNA hybridisation assays.
- Families of the dyes which enable high detection sensitivity include photoluminescent lanthanide chelates and phosphorescent metalloporphyiins.
- photoluminescent fluorescent dyes and their biomolecule conjugates such as protein conjugates and nucleic acid conjugates, have been developed in recent years.
- Many photoluminescent dyes as well as the corresponding labelling reagents and biomolecule conjugates are available commercially (see for example R.P.Haugland, Handbook of fluorescent probes and research chemicals, 6 th Edn., Molecular Probes Inc., 1996) and widely used for diagnostics and research purposes.
- Photoluminescent conjugates of biomolecules are usually prepared by contacting a native biomolecule or a derivative of the biomolecule with a reactive derivative of a photoluminescent dye, also called labelling reagent.
- a reactive derivative of a photoluminescent dye also called labelling reagent.
- reactive groups in common labelling reagents include reactive esters (for example succinimidyl ester, sulphosuccinimidyl esters), isothiocyanato, chlorosulphonato, dichlorotriazinyl and maleimidyl groups. They enable simple and selective labelling of biomolecules via certain functional groups, most commonly via primary amino, thiol or hydroxy groups. Labelling can be performed under mild conditions and without using additional reagents.
- Fluorescent complexes of ruthenium(II), osmium (II), and some other metals were suggested recently for use as long decay time fluorescent labels, particularly for oxygen sensors and for sensitive fluorescence immunoassays (J. Lakowicz et al., US 5660991).
- Succinimidyl derivatives of Ruthenium bis(2,2'-bipyridine) (2,2'bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid) have been described as labelling reagents for electrochemiluminescence immunoassays (US Pat. 5310687).
- Free base porphyrins usually emit fluorescence in red range of visible spectrum, whereas their metal complexes, mainly platinum(II) and palladium(II) porphyrins, exhibit bright phosphorescence in the same wavelength range even at room temperature (D. Dolphin, The Porphyrins, 1978, New York, Academic Press, vol. 3).
- platinum(II) and palladium(II) porphyrins exhibit bright phosphorescence in the same wavelength range even at room temperature (D. Dolphin, The Porphyrins, 1978, New York, Academic Press, vol. 3).
- Such properties make the porphyrin dyes promising in fluorescent and phosphorescent probing of biomolecules and particularly in time-resolved phosphorescence bioaffinity assays.
- carbodiimide chemistry does not allow the active product to be isolated in pure form, but the product remains in form of undefined mixture.
- the active carbodiimide adduct is instable. It is sensitive to hydrolysis as well as to many other nucleophiles.
- the carbodiimide adducts react intramolecularly producing non-reactive N-acylurea.
- the chemical instability of the carbodiimide-activated porphyrin adducts makes their use difficult and unreliable.
- porphyrin-antibody conjugates prepared by carbodiimide mediated coupling has been found to exhibit poor storage stability (Martsev et al., J.Immunol.
- the reactive product formed in this process was used as such, without any purification or isolation of the reactive species. Since in such an activation process a mixture of undefined and unstable products is formed, the isolation of a single reactive species in pure form is very difficult.
- An additional drawback of the method is that the multiple activated porphyrins formed in the process may cause crosslinking and subsequent inactrvation of the bioactive molecules.
- Hendrix's patent Furthermore, the same confusion with structures and names as found in the patent of Sagner et al., is also present in Hendrix's patent.
- the chemical structures of the compounds of issue remain ambiguous. Since the compound presented by Hendrix are octaalkyl porphyrins, which are not dealt in this invention, the Hendrix's patent is out of the scope of this invention.
- Braman et. al. (WO 96/11937) describes use of tetraphenylporphyrins for labelling of nucleosides, nucleotides, oligonucleotides and polynuleotides.
- the porphyrin moiety on the labelled compound is detected on the basis of a reaction product produced by a porphyrin catalysed oxidation reaction.
- Said oxidation reaction may result in the formation of light, i.e., a chemiluminescent reaction, or a coloured compound, i.e., a colorimetric reaction.
- Braman' s publication deals with tetraphenylporphyrins which are not dealt in the present invention, and since detection in Braman' s publication is not based on phosphorescence as in the present invention but on colorimetry and chemiluminescence, is the Braman' s publication out of the scope of the present invention.
- the present invention describes novel phosphorescent metalloporphyrin compounds, their preparation and the use of said compounds as labelling reagents for preparation of phosphorescent conjugates with biomolecules.
- the labelling reagents obtainable according to this invention are preferably water soluble monofunctional derivatives of Pt- and Pd-coproporphyrins.
- the term 'monofunctional' indicates that one of the four originally equal carboxy containing side chains of coproporhyrin has been differentiated and can be selectively further reacted.
- This invention offers also a route for preparation of such labelling reagents as well as the key intermediate compounds in a pure form, in other words, in form of stable organic compounds having defined chemical structure and properties.
- the compounds can be used as labelling reagents for labelling of biomolecules like peptides, proteins, hormones, nucleic acids, for labelling of cells, tissue or other chemical species having at least one functional group suitable for labelling reaction.
- the labelling reaction takes place under mild and slightly alkaline condition and can be carried out by any skilled person in the art.
- This invention also describes preparation of various bioconjugates using said metalloporphyrins as labelling reagents and the properties and the use of the such bioconjugates.
- the invention also describes the use of such bioconjugates in high sensitivity bioaffinity assays based on time-resolved phosphorescence.
- the bioaffinity assay may be e.g.
- an immunoassay nucleic acid hybridisation and it can be performed in solution or on a solid substrate and the sample can be analysed with a time-resolved fluorometer/phosphorimeter.
- the assay can also be microscopic investigation of an immunocytological or immunohistological specimen.
- the chemistry in the field of the use of the labelling reagents according to this invention most often takes place in aqueous media. Consequently, an applicable label needs to be water soluble and preferably hydrophilic.
- the aromatic tetrapyrrole unit i.e. po hin found in all porphyrins is hydrophobic in nature and not water soluble.
- the porphin unit In order to make the porphin unit water soluble, it must be substituted with hydrophilic side groups.
- One of the most preferable groups for this purpose is the carboxy group.
- the term 'carboxy group' means the chemical group that equals with the chemical formula -COOH, i.e. the group that corresponds to carboxy lie acids.
- the term 'oxycarbonyl group' means the chemical group that equals with the chemical formula -COO-, i.e. the diyl component found in carboxy group as well as in alkoxycarbonyl groups.
- the carboxy group is anionic in nature and has a tendency to make otherwise hydrophobic species water soluble in neutral and alkaline pH. Therefore, the most promising porphyrin compounds for labelling of biomolecules are those having carboxy (or the corresponding carboxylate) functional groups as substituents on the porphin periphery.
- coproporphyrins, which contains carboxy groups are sufficiently water-soluble and can be used as a label in aqueous media.
- the term 'coproporphyrin' includes both free bases as well as metallocomplexes of coproporhyrin I and/or II.
- a basic requirement for a commercially valuable labelling reagent is the monofunctionality with respect to the number of chemically reactive groups in the labelling reagent. This feature enables conjugation with biomolecules even in high target molecule concentration and high reagent concentration without causing deleterious cross-linking. The use of high concentrations makes labelling process more reliable and produces a product with higher degree of label substitution.
- a further requirement for a commercially valuable labelling reagent is that the method used for the preparation of said reagent must enable reasonably high synthetic yield.
- An additional requirement is that the method of preparation enables isolation of the labelling reagent in pure form, in other words, in the form of a stable organic compound having a defined chemical structure and defined properties.
- an additional spacer arm (usually 2 to 20 atoms long) between the reactive site and the chromophoric moiety of the reagent.
- the spacer arm can serve for example to reduce steric hindrance around the reactive site, to make the reactive site more mobile, and to reduce the physical interaction between the label and the biomolecule.
- the phosphorescent porhyrin-based labelling reagents according to prior art, usually lack one or more of the preferred properties.
- M is palladium (II) or platinum (II)
- Rj is -OH, or -0 ⁇ X + group where X is a cation, most usually alkali metal cations or ammonium cations and R 2 is a chemical moiety bearing a linker unit -Y- and a functional group -Z where said functional -Z group can be used for selective covalent linkage to other molecules, such as biomolecules, and/or for further chemical modifications.
- the linker unit -Y- is either a covalent bond or a d- C 20 straight or branched alkylene, arylene, alkarylene or aralkylene group, which also may contain heteroatoms or heteroatoms containing side chains, or cyclic residues.
- the linker unit may also comprise or be composed of residues of polymers, preferably residues of hydrophilic polymers such as residues of polypeptides, polysaccarides, polynucleotides, polyethers or other.
- -YZ those having a general formula -(CH 2 ) n -Ph-Z, where - Z is either amino (- NH 2 ) or isothiocyanato (-NCS) group, -Ph- is a phenylene group, and n is an integer from 1 to 10.
- the main object of this invention is the differentiation and subsequent functionalisation of one single oxycarbonyl group in coproporphyrins used as starting material.
- Such differentiation is realised via selective hydrolysis of the appropriate tetraalkyl esters of corresponding coproporphyrins, by using simple chemical procedure and technique.
- the monoacid of coproporphyrin is the key compound for further monofunctionalisation and preparation of labelling reagents and bioconjugates according to this invention.
- This compound obtained in a pure form can easily be modified into the form of appropriate monofunctionalised derivative(s), labelling reagent(s) or a precursor of a labelling reagent.
- the modification of the carboxylic acid residue in coproporphyrin monoacid can be performed easily by applying the conventional chemistry related to modification of carboxy groups.
- the carboxy group of coproporphyrin monoacid can be modified, so as to introduce various functional groups via this site using a variety of available chemical methods .
- the preferred methods of monofunctionalisation of the monoacid of coproporphyrins include, for example, activation of the carboxy group for subsequent coupling reactions using methods that involve succinimide esters, sulfosuccinimide esters, pentafluorophenyl esters, 4-nitrophenol esters, N-hydroxy benzotriazole esters, carbodiimide adducts and others.
- an additional spacer may be attached to the differentiated side chain.
- the preferable heterobifunctional compounds according to this invention include, for example, those in which the two functional groups are an aliphatic primary amino group and an aromatic primary amino group.
- This class of linker compounds is particularly preferred in the scope of this invention because of following reasons. First, due to the remarkable difference in reactivities between the two amino groups, the coupling with an active ester proceeds without a risk of deleterious crosslinking. Second, said class of linkers compounds comprise an inherent precursor for the reactive isothiocyanato group. However, the scope of this invention is not limited to the use of said class of linker compounds, but any of linker compounds, such as homobifunctional linker compounds and polyfunctional linker compounds can also be applied.
- the next step in the synthetic scheme of a coproporphyrin labelling reagent is the transformation of relatively hydrophobic triester of the monofunctionalised coproporphyrin into a water-soluble form by alkaline hydrolysis of the remaining alkoxycarbonyl groups.
- the three carboxy substituents provide a structure with solubility in neutral and alkaline aqueous solutions.
- This stage is expected to preserve the introduced functional group, the spacer and the main structure of the coproporphyrin derivative from undesirable transformations.
- a water-soluble derivative of coproporphyrin is obtained which bears three carboxy groups and one differentiated side chain.
- the differentiated side chain that comprises a spacer unit and a reactive chemical group, such as amino or hydroxy, can be used for covalent coupling as such or after further chemical modification.
- a coproporphyrin having an aromatic primary amino group can be used for covalent coupling as such, or in the form of its conversion product isothiocyanate, which is obtained from said aromatic primary amino group by treatment with thiophosgene.
- Corresponding phenyl-isothiocyanato derivatives of phosphorescent Pt- and Pd-coproporphyrins are preferred target compounds and labelling reagents according to this invention.
- the scope of this invention is not limited to the use of isothiocyanato group as final reactive group, but other chemical groups can also be applied.
- the non-water soluble form of a differentiated coproporhyrin i.e. coproporphyrin comprising up to three alkoxycarbonyl groups
- Scheme 1 (Structure I and Structure II) can also be used to illustrate the general structures of such compounds.
- M is palladium (II) or platinum (II)
- Ri is -OR group where R is C C 20 straight or branched alkyl, aryl, alkaryl or aralkyl group
- R 2 is a chemical moiety bearing a linker unit -Y- and a functional group -Z where said functional -Z group can be used for selective covalent linkage to other molecules, such as biomolecules, and/or for further chemical modifications.
- the linker unit -Y- is either a covalent bond or a C C 20 straight or branched alkylene, arylene, alkarylene or aralkylene group, which also may contain heteroatoms or heteroatoms containing sidechains, or cyclic residues.
- the linker unit may also comprise or be composed of residues of polymers, preferably residues of hydrophilic polymers such as residues of polypeptides, polysaccarides, polynucleotides, polyethers or other.
- residues of polymers preferably residues of hydrophilic polymers such as residues of polypeptides, polysaccarides, polynucleotides, polyethers or other.
- chemical moieties -YZ are, according to this invention, those having a general formula -(CH 2 ) n -Ph-Z, where - Z is either amino (-NH 2 ) or isothiocyanato (-NCS) group, -Ph- is a phenylene group, and n is an integer from 1 to 10.
- the phosphorescent labelling reagents described above such as water-soluble phenyl-isothiocyanate derivatives of Pt- and Pd-coproporphyrins, can be used for facile labelling of various biomolecules such as peptides, proteins, haptens, nucleic acids; labelling of cells, tissue or other chemical species.
- biomolecules such as peptides, proteins, haptens, nucleic acids
- the phosphorescent conjugates can be obtained, which are also the object of this invention.
- Said conjugates can be used as probes in sensitive bioaffinity assays, which are based on bioaffinity reactions and time-resolved phosphorescence detection.
- the products of hydrolysis were separated by column chromatography on silica gel using a stepwise gradient of methanol (0% -20%) in chloroform, as eluent.
- the first eluting compound was the recovered starting material (Compound 6), yield 164 mg (42%).
- the second eluting compound was the desired product (Compound 7), yield 115 mg (31%).
- EXAMPLE 14 Synthesis of Compound 22, a derivative of Pd-coproporphyrin II triethyl ester having 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethylamino side chain.
- the solution was diluted with methylene chloride (10 mL), washed with water (15 mL), hydrochloric acid (15 mL, 1 M, aq.), water (15 mL), sodium bicarbonate (15 ml, 1 M, aq.) , dried with anhydrous sodium sulphate and evaporated to dryness.
- the product was crystallised from methylene chloride / methanol, fitrated off and dried under atmosphere to give 29, 1 mg ( 90 %) of Compound 22.
- Compound 25 (N-(2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl)-2- aminopropanamide was prepared according to an analogous procedure as for N-(2- (4-aminophenyl)ethyl)-2-aminoethanamide.
- the solution was diluted with methylene chloride (10 mL) and washed with sodium carbonate (10 mL, 1M, aq.), water (10 mL), citric acid (10 mL,10%, aq.) and with water (10 mL).
- the solution was dried with anhydrous sodium sulphate, concentrated to volume of 2 ml and the product was precipitated by addition of hexane.
- the product was separated by centrifugation and dried under vacuum to give 65 mg (76%) of Compound 26.
- EXAMPLE 18 Synthetis of Compound 28, a derivative of Pd-coproporphyrin I triethyl ester having 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethylcarbamylethylamino side chain.
- EXAMPLE 22 Synthesis of Compound 32, a derivative of Pd-coproporphyrin I having 4-(N-m eimidomethyl)cyclohexylcarboxamidoethylammo side chain.
- 12-well microtiter strips (Nunc) were coated with polyclonal goat anti-mouse-IgG antibody. 0.2 mL of antibody solution (10 microgram/mL) in carbonate buffer, pH 9.6, were added to each well and incubated overnight at room temperature. To inhibit non-specific binding the strips were post-coated with PBS containing bovine serum albumine (bovine serum albumine 10 mg/mL, phosphate 50 mM, NaCl 150 mM, pH 7.5, lh, room temperature). The strips were washed with PBS containing 0.05% (w/w) of Tween-20 (PBST).
- PBST Tween-20
- mice IgG Serial dilutions of mouse IgG were made in PBST, 0.2 mL of each concentration was added to the wells of microtiter strip, incubated for lh at 37°C and washed 4 times with PBST. Then 0J mL of anti-mouse-IgG antibody labelled with Compound 38 (1 microgram/mL) was added to each well, incubated for 1 h at 37°C and then washed 4 times with PBST.
- the anti-mouse-IgG conjugate was prepared by analogous manner to Example 27 but using Compound 38 and Mouse IgG instead of 34 and Rabbit IgG.
- EXAMPLE 29 Immunocytochemical staining of human colon cancer cells Detection of cancer antigen C242 in isolated human colon cancer cell line (C205) was used as model for investigation the feasibility of Compound 34 for in-situ immunostaining.
- the cells were grown in plastic Petri dishes in RPMI-1640 culture medium for 24 hours at 38°C.
- the cultured cells were rinsed once with PBS-BSA (0.1% bovine serum albumin and 0.9 % NaCl in phosphate buffer, pH 7.4) and incubated with a monoclonal anti-human C242 antibody (Wallac, Turku, Finland) at a concentration of 10 ⁇ g/mL in PBS for 30 min at room temperature.
- PBS-BSA 0.1% bovine serum albumin and 0.9 % NaCl in phosphate buffer, pH 7.4
- the cells were then rinsed three times for 5 min with PBS-BSA. After removing the cells from the Petri dish by scraping, they were incubated with Rabbit anti mouse IgG labelled with Compound 34, at a concentration of 10 ⁇ g/mL for 30 minutes. The cells were rinsed with PBS, fixed with 3 % glutaraldehyde (Fluka) in PBS for 10 min at room temperature and rinsed with PBS. The cells were dehydrated through increasing alcohol concentrations, cleared in xylene in a Coplin jar and mounted in Merckoglas (trademark of Merck, Germany).
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JP2000581025A JP4195200B2 (en) | 1998-11-09 | 1999-10-27 | Porphyrin compounds, their conjugates and assay methods based on the use of said conjugates |
DE69923859T DE69923859T2 (en) | 1998-11-09 | 1999-10-27 | Porphyrin compounds, their conjugates and test methods based on the use of said conjugates |
EP99954031A EP1129092B1 (en) | 1998-11-09 | 1999-10-27 | Porphyrin compounds, their conjugates and assay methods based on the use of said conjugates |
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FI982422 | 1998-11-09 | ||
FI982422A FI982422A0 (en) | 1998-11-09 | 1998-11-09 | Porphyrin compounds, their conjugates and assay methods based on the use of said conjugate |
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EP (1) | EP1129092B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4195200B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69923859T2 (en) |
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WO (1) | WO2000027847A1 (en) |
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WO2002097439A2 (en) * | 2001-05-28 | 2002-12-05 | Kreatech Biotechnology B.V. | A differential labelling method |
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US7704755B2 (en) | 2001-05-28 | 2010-04-27 | Kreatech Biotechnology B.V. | Differential labelling method |
US20100267056A1 (en) * | 2001-05-28 | 2010-10-21 | Kreatech Biotechnology B.V. | Differential labelling method |
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US7138520B2 (en) | 2003-01-13 | 2006-11-21 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Coordination complexes having tethered therapeutic agents and/or targeting moieties, and methods of making and using the same |
US8078670B2 (en) | 2003-06-02 | 2011-12-13 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Method and apparatus for providing support for an electronic device |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP4195200B2 (en) | 2008-12-10 |
DE69923859D1 (en) | 2005-03-31 |
EP1129092B1 (en) | 2005-02-23 |
US6582930B1 (en) | 2003-06-24 |
EP1129092A1 (en) | 2001-09-05 |
DE69923859T2 (en) | 2006-04-13 |
JP2002529466A (en) | 2002-09-10 |
FI982422A0 (en) | 1998-11-09 |
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