WO2000025527A3 - Alarm correlation in a large communications network - Google Patents

Alarm correlation in a large communications network Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2000025527A3
WO2000025527A3 PCT/SE1999/001696 SE9901696W WO0025527A3 WO 2000025527 A3 WO2000025527 A3 WO 2000025527A3 SE 9901696 W SE9901696 W SE 9901696W WO 0025527 A3 WO0025527 A3 WO 0025527A3
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
alarm
nes
domains
alarms
alarmed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1999/001696
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2000025527A2 (en
Inventor
Edwin Tse
Nicolas Gosselin
Original Assignee
Ericsson Telefon Ab L M
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ericsson Telefon Ab L M filed Critical Ericsson Telefon Ab L M
Priority to CA002348766A priority Critical patent/CA2348766A1/en
Priority to AU63807/99A priority patent/AU6380799A/en
Priority to BR9914830-7A priority patent/BR9914830A/en
Publication of WO2000025527A2 publication Critical patent/WO2000025527A2/en
Publication of WO2000025527A3 publication Critical patent/WO2000025527A3/en

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04QSELECTING
    • H04Q3/00Selecting arrangements
    • H04Q3/0016Arrangements providing connection between exchanges
    • H04Q3/0062Provisions for network management
    • H04Q3/0075Fault management techniques
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/06Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications
    • H04L41/0631Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications using root cause analysis; using analysis of correlation between notifications, alarms or events based on decision criteria, e.g. hierarchy, tree or time analysis
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/06Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications
    • H04L41/0604Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications using filtering, e.g. reduction of information by using priority, element types, position or time
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04QSELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13103Memory
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04QSELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13106Microprocessor, CPU
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04QSELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13162Fault indication and localisation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04QSELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13163Fault alarm
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04QSELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13349Network management

Abstract

A system and method of correlating alarms from a plurality of network elements (NEs) in a large communications network. A plurality of uncorrelated alarms are collected by an alarm collector (11) from alarm reporters (12). An alarm correlator (15) then partitions the alarms into correlated alarm clusters (61-63) such that alarms of one cluster have a high probability that they are caused by one network fault. The partitioning of the alarms is performed by creating alarm sets, expanding the alarm sets into alarm domains, and merging the alarm domains into alarm clusters if predefined conditions are met. The sets are formed by selecting an alarmed NE at the highest network hierarchy level which is not tagged, finding all of its contained NEs, and finding NEs that are peer-related to those contained NEs that are in an alarmed state (31-39). The sets are expanded into domains by finding NEs that are not in an alarmed state which contain the highest level alarmed NE in each alarm set (41-47). The domains are merged into one alarm cluster if the two domains have at least one common NE, at least one of the common NEs is not tagged, and the majority of the NEs contained by the non-tagged common NE are in an alarmed state (51-59).
PCT/SE1999/001696 1998-10-28 1999-09-24 Alarm correlation in a large communications network WO2000025527A2 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002348766A CA2348766A1 (en) 1998-10-28 1999-09-24 Alarm correlation in a large communications network
AU63807/99A AU6380799A (en) 1998-10-28 1999-09-24 Alarm correlation in a large communications network
BR9914830-7A BR9914830A (en) 1998-10-28 1999-09-24 System for correlating alarms of a plurality of network elements (nes) in a large communications network, and, method for correlating alarms of network elements (nes) in a large communications network

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/181,583 US6253339B1 (en) 1998-10-28 1998-10-28 Alarm correlation in a large communications network
US09/181,583 1998-10-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000025527A2 WO2000025527A2 (en) 2000-05-04
WO2000025527A3 true WO2000025527A3 (en) 2000-08-17

Family

ID=22664896

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1999/001696 WO2000025527A2 (en) 1998-10-28 1999-09-24 Alarm correlation in a large communications network

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6253339B1 (en)
AU (1) AU6380799A (en)
BR (1) BR9914830A (en)
CA (1) CA2348766A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2000025527A2 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9027121B2 (en) 2000-10-10 2015-05-05 International Business Machines Corporation Method and system for creating a record for one or more computer security incidents

Families Citing this family (86)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6321338B1 (en) 1998-11-09 2001-11-20 Sri International Network surveillance
JP3266126B2 (en) * 1999-01-14 2002-03-18 日本電気株式会社 Network fault information management system and storage medium
US6707795B1 (en) * 1999-04-26 2004-03-16 Nortel Networks Limited Alarm correlation method and system
US6418487B1 (en) * 1999-04-30 2002-07-09 Intel Corporation Method to track agents after a loss of state event
US6513129B1 (en) * 1999-06-30 2003-01-28 Objective Systems Integrators, Inc. System and method for managing faults using a gateway
US6876991B1 (en) 1999-11-08 2005-04-05 Collaborative Decision Platforms, Llc. System, method and computer program product for a collaborative decision platform
US7716077B1 (en) 1999-11-22 2010-05-11 Accenture Global Services Gmbh Scheduling and planning maintenance and service in a network-based supply chain environment
US8271336B2 (en) 1999-11-22 2012-09-18 Accenture Global Services Gmbh Increased visibility during order management in a network-based supply chain environment
US7130807B1 (en) 1999-11-22 2006-10-31 Accenture Llp Technology sharing during demand and supply planning in a network-based supply chain environment
US7124101B1 (en) 1999-11-22 2006-10-17 Accenture Llp Asset tracking in a network-based supply chain environment
US8032409B1 (en) 1999-11-22 2011-10-04 Accenture Global Services Limited Enhanced visibility during installation management in a network-based supply chain environment
US6606744B1 (en) 1999-11-22 2003-08-12 Accenture, Llp Providing collaborative installation management in a network-based supply chain environment
US6671818B1 (en) * 1999-11-22 2003-12-30 Accenture Llp Problem isolation through translating and filtering events into a standard object format in a network based supply chain
US7139728B2 (en) * 1999-12-30 2006-11-21 Rod Rigole Systems and methods for online selection of service providers and management of service accounts
US6604208B1 (en) * 2000-04-07 2003-08-05 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Incremental alarm correlation method and apparatus
US7574740B1 (en) 2000-04-28 2009-08-11 International Business Machines Corporation Method and system for intrusion detection in a computer network
GB2362536B (en) * 2000-05-17 2002-05-15 3Com Corp Network management apparatus and method for identifying events on a network
US6832086B1 (en) 2000-06-13 2004-12-14 Motorola, Inc. Manager-directed method for event pressure reduction
US6748432B1 (en) * 2000-06-16 2004-06-08 Cisco Technology, Inc. System and method for suppressing side-effect alarms in heterogenoeus integrated wide area data and telecommunication networks
US6694364B1 (en) * 2000-06-16 2004-02-17 Cisco Technology, Inc. System and method for suppressing out-of-order side-effect alarms in heterogeneous integrated wide area data and telecommunication networks
US6816461B1 (en) * 2000-06-16 2004-11-09 Ciena Corporation Method of controlling a network element to aggregate alarms and faults of a communications network
WO2002006972A1 (en) * 2000-07-13 2002-01-24 Aprisma Management Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for monitoring and maintaining user-perceived quality of service in a communications network
US7917393B2 (en) 2000-09-01 2011-03-29 Sri International, Inc. Probabilistic alert correlation
US20020029266A1 (en) * 2000-09-07 2002-03-07 Edwin Tse Parallel processing architecture for alarm management network entities
US7000011B1 (en) * 2000-11-06 2006-02-14 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, Lp. Designing interconnect fabrics
KR100357636B1 (en) * 2000-12-01 2002-10-25 삼성전자 주식회사 Method for managing alarm information in nms
US6966015B2 (en) * 2001-03-22 2005-11-15 Micromuse, Ltd. Method and system for reducing false alarms in network fault management systems
US7215360B2 (en) * 2001-04-06 2007-05-08 Triveni Digital, Inc. Error propagation tree technology
US20030069959A1 (en) * 2001-10-04 2003-04-10 Edwin Tse Alarm lists synchronization in an alarm management system
US7437450B1 (en) 2001-11-30 2008-10-14 Cisco Technology Inc. End-to-end performance tool and method for monitoring electronic-commerce transactions
US6862698B1 (en) * 2002-01-22 2005-03-01 Cisco Technology, Inc. Method of labeling alarms to facilitate correlating alarms in a telecommunications network
CA2369351A1 (en) * 2002-01-24 2003-07-24 Alcatel Canada Inc. System and method for providing error analysis and correlation in a network element
US20030145294A1 (en) * 2002-01-25 2003-07-31 Ward Julie Ann Verifying interconnect fabric designs
US9009004B2 (en) * 2002-01-31 2015-04-14 Hewlett-Packasrd Development Comany, L.P. Generating interconnect fabric requirements
US7367055B2 (en) * 2002-06-11 2008-04-29 Motorola, Inc. Communication systems automated security detection based on protocol cause codes
US7316016B2 (en) * 2002-07-03 2008-01-01 Tripwire, Inc. Homogeneous monitoring of heterogeneous nodes
US8140635B2 (en) 2005-03-31 2012-03-20 Tripwire, Inc. Data processing environment change management methods and apparatuses
US7149917B2 (en) * 2002-07-30 2006-12-12 Cisco Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for outage measurement
US7434109B1 (en) * 2002-09-26 2008-10-07 Computer Associates Think, Inc. Network fault manager for maintaining alarm conditions
US7962589B1 (en) 2002-11-07 2011-06-14 Cisco Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for providing notification of network alarms using a plurality of distributed layers
DE602004001356T2 (en) * 2003-03-17 2007-06-21 Tyco Telecommunications (Us) Inc. System and method for error diagnosis by means of distributed alarm correlation
US7681068B2 (en) * 2003-07-02 2010-03-16 Tyco Telecommunications (Us) Inc. System and method for providing event hysteresis in network management systems
CA2486780C (en) * 2003-11-07 2009-06-23 Tropic Networks Inc. A method and system for network wide fault isolation in an optical network
US7788109B2 (en) * 2004-04-03 2010-08-31 Altusys Corp. Method and apparatus for context-sensitive event correlation with external control in situation-based management
US8694475B2 (en) * 2004-04-03 2014-04-08 Altusys Corp. Method and apparatus for situation-based management
US20050222810A1 (en) * 2004-04-03 2005-10-06 Altusys Corp Method and Apparatus for Coordination of a Situation Manager and Event Correlation in Situation-Based Management
US20050222895A1 (en) * 2004-04-03 2005-10-06 Altusys Corp Method and Apparatus for Creating and Using Situation Transition Graphs in Situation-Based Management
CN100375435C (en) * 2004-06-22 2008-03-12 中兴通讯股份有限公司 Alarm correlation analysis of light synchronous transmitting net
US20060031473A1 (en) * 2004-07-07 2006-02-09 Wood John A System and method for high capacity fault correlation
US7912055B1 (en) * 2004-08-25 2011-03-22 Emc Corporation Method and apparatus for configuration and analysis of network multicast routing protocols
US20060072707A1 (en) * 2004-09-30 2006-04-06 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for determining impact of faults on network service
US7408441B2 (en) * 2004-10-25 2008-08-05 Electronic Data Systems Corporation System and method for analyzing user-generated event information and message information from network devices
US7408440B2 (en) 2004-10-25 2008-08-05 Electronics Data Systems Corporation System and method for analyzing message information from diverse network devices
US20060168170A1 (en) * 2004-10-25 2006-07-27 Korzeniowski Richard W System and method for analyzing information relating to network devices
GB2421656A (en) * 2004-12-23 2006-06-28 Nortel Networks Ltd Distributed network fault analysis
US7599308B2 (en) * 2005-02-04 2009-10-06 Fluke Corporation Methods and apparatus for identifying chronic performance problems on data networks
US9256740B2 (en) 2005-02-22 2016-02-09 International Business Machines Corporation Method and system for analysis of security events in a managed computer network
US7150689B2 (en) * 2005-03-21 2006-12-19 Balingit Ronald F Pitching practice apparatus
CN100395994C (en) * 2005-06-23 2008-06-18 华为技术有限公司 Channel failure handling method in ASON
WO2007021823A2 (en) 2005-08-09 2007-02-22 Tripwire, Inc. Information technology governance and controls methods and apparatuses
US10318894B2 (en) * 2005-08-16 2019-06-11 Tripwire, Inc. Conformance authority reconciliation
US7792045B1 (en) * 2005-08-25 2010-09-07 Emc Corporation Method and apparatus for configuration and analysis of internal network routing protocols
US7907532B2 (en) * 2005-11-23 2011-03-15 Jds Uniphase Corporation Pool-based network diagnostic systems and methods
WO2007073257A2 (en) * 2005-12-21 2007-06-28 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Network alarm management
JP4583312B2 (en) * 2006-01-30 2010-11-17 富士通株式会社 Communication status determination method, communication status determination system, and determination device
US20080019286A1 (en) * 2006-07-21 2008-01-24 Wurst Michael J Method and apparatus for optical network alarm/event management
US8914341B2 (en) 2008-07-03 2014-12-16 Tripwire, Inc. Method and apparatus for continuous compliance assessment
US8000252B1 (en) * 2008-07-07 2011-08-16 Sprint Communications Company L.P. Multi-path network element monitoring
US8700761B2 (en) * 2008-09-04 2014-04-15 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and system for detecting and managing a fault alarm storm
US8284044B2 (en) 2008-12-23 2012-10-09 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Poll-based alarm handling system and method
US8375255B2 (en) * 2009-12-23 2013-02-12 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Device and method for detecting and diagnosing correlated network anomalies
US8423827B2 (en) * 2009-12-28 2013-04-16 International Business Machines Corporation Topology based correlation of threshold crossing alarms
US9680567B2 (en) * 2011-03-03 2017-06-13 Acacia Communications, Inc. Fault localization and fiber security in optical transponders
US8948587B2 (en) * 2012-06-27 2015-02-03 Centurylink Intellectual Property Llc Use of dying gasp to locate faults in communications networks
US20140245066A1 (en) * 2013-02-27 2014-08-28 Lionel J. Riviere-Cazaux Scan diagnosis analysis using callout clustering
EP3001606B1 (en) * 2013-06-27 2018-12-19 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Fault processing method, device and system
US20170346676A1 (en) * 2014-12-12 2017-11-30 Nokia Solutions And Networks Oy Alarm correlation in network function virtualization environment
US10447526B2 (en) * 2016-11-02 2019-10-15 Servicenow, Inc. Network event grouping
US10158522B2 (en) * 2016-12-29 2018-12-18 Nokia Of America Corporation Network monitor and method for event based prediction of radio network outages and their root cause
US10447807B1 (en) * 2017-09-21 2019-10-15 Sprint Communications Company L.P. Dynamic middleware source selection for optimizing data retrieval from network nodes
CN109829833A (en) * 2018-12-07 2019-05-31 国网浙江省电力有限公司 Power distribution network alarm method and system, electronic equipment and computer readable storage medium
CN109714213B (en) * 2018-12-29 2021-07-30 上海携程商务有限公司 Website alarm method and system
CN113839802A (en) * 2020-06-24 2021-12-24 中兴通讯股份有限公司 Tree model construction method, device, equipment and storage medium
CN114124654B (en) * 2020-08-10 2023-10-27 中国移动通信集团浙江有限公司 Alarm merging method, device, computing equipment and computer storage medium
CN113835976B (en) * 2021-09-23 2024-03-29 阿里巴巴(中国)有限公司 Method and device for carrying out alarm processing on Internet data center
CN114500229B (en) * 2021-12-30 2024-02-02 国网河北省电力有限公司信息通信分公司 Network alarm positioning and analyzing method based on space-time information

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0549937A1 (en) * 1992-01-03 1993-07-07 International Business Machines Corporation Methods and systems for alarm correlation and fault localization in communication network
US5646864A (en) * 1993-02-23 1997-07-08 British Telecommunications Public Limited Company Event correlation in telecommunications networks
US5768501A (en) * 1996-05-28 1998-06-16 Cabletron Systems Method and apparatus for inter-domain alarm correlation
US5946373A (en) * 1996-06-21 1999-08-31 Mci Communications Corporation Topology-based fault analysis in telecommunications networks
US5949759A (en) * 1995-12-20 1999-09-07 International Business Machines Corporation Fault correlation system and method in packet switching networks

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5500853A (en) * 1992-04-02 1996-03-19 Applied Digital Access, Inc. Relative synchronization system for a telephone network
US5495470A (en) * 1992-04-02 1996-02-27 Applied Digital Access, Inc. Alarm correlation system for a telephone network
WO1994019912A1 (en) * 1993-02-23 1994-09-01 British Telecommunications Public Limited Company Event correlation
US5473596A (en) 1993-12-09 1995-12-05 At&T Corp. Method and system for monitoring telecommunication network element alarms
US5737319A (en) * 1996-04-15 1998-04-07 Mci Corporation Dynamic network topology determination
GB2318479B (en) 1996-10-21 2001-04-04 Northern Telecom Ltd Problem model for alarm correlation
US6012152A (en) * 1996-11-27 2000-01-04 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Software fault management system
US6124790A (en) * 1998-11-20 2000-09-26 Lucent Technologies Inc. System and method for filtering an alarm

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0549937A1 (en) * 1992-01-03 1993-07-07 International Business Machines Corporation Methods and systems for alarm correlation and fault localization in communication network
US5646864A (en) * 1993-02-23 1997-07-08 British Telecommunications Public Limited Company Event correlation in telecommunications networks
US5949759A (en) * 1995-12-20 1999-09-07 International Business Machines Corporation Fault correlation system and method in packet switching networks
US5768501A (en) * 1996-05-28 1998-06-16 Cabletron Systems Method and apparatus for inter-domain alarm correlation
US5946373A (en) * 1996-06-21 1999-08-31 Mci Communications Corporation Topology-based fault analysis in telecommunications networks

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
KÄTKER S ET AL: "Fault Isolation and Event Correlation for Integrated Fault Management", CHAPMAN & HALL; LONDON, PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH IFIP/IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED NETWORK MANAGEMENT, SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA, US, XP002900953 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9027121B2 (en) 2000-10-10 2015-05-05 International Business Machines Corporation Method and system for creating a record for one or more computer security incidents

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6253339B1 (en) 2001-06-26
WO2000025527A2 (en) 2000-05-04
AU6380799A (en) 2000-05-15
BR9914830A (en) 2001-11-06
CA2348766A1 (en) 2000-05-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2000025527A3 (en) Alarm correlation in a large communications network
EP0979020A3 (en) A rerouting method for a PVC route on an ATM network and a network management system using the rerouting method
CN101808274A (en) Terminal and network searching method thereof
WO2005022854A3 (en) Systems and methods for automatically placing nodes in an ad hoc network for achieving biconnectivity
DE60003292D1 (en) DISTRIBUTED DATABASE SYSTEM
CN102664747A (en) Cloud calculating platform system
US5301104A (en) Method for allocating processing elements interconnected in a hypercube topology
US20020141334A1 (en) Dynamic protection bandwidth allocation in BLSR networks
Ramanathan et al. Sympathy: a debugging system for sensor networks [wireless networks]
WO2002030136A3 (en) System and method for quantifying accuracy of interference analysis in a wireless telecommunications network
Zhou et al. An efficient algorithm for data association in multitarget tracking
CN113645240A (en) Malicious domain name community mining method based on graph structure
WO2004051474A3 (en) Clustering system and method having interconnect
Mamun et al. Policy based intrusion detection and response system in hierarchical WSN architecture
CN101262246B (en) Method and apparatus for spreading signal acquisition and tracking
JPH08503343A (en) Network configuration
CN100365954C (en) Cell scramble distributing method for time division-synchronous code division multiple access system
JP2001159670A (en) Correlation detecting circuit for gps receiver
Brahmi et al. Discovering multi-stage attacks using closed multi-dimensional sequential pattern mining
CN114297182A (en) Industrial model data management method, device, equipment and readable storage medium
Law et al. A novel key redistribution scheme for wireless sensor networks
Haghighat et al. A subspace scheme for blind user identification in multiuser DS-CDMA
CN109040290B (en) Method for electing main node based on node characteristics
Erciyes Cluster based distributed mutual exclusion algorithms for mobile networks
Tuchs et al. Intelligent search for correlated alarm events in databases

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref country code: AU

Ref document number: 1999 63807

Kind code of ref document: A

Format of ref document f/p: F

AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AE AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CR CU CZ DE DK DM EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT TZ UA UG UZ VN YU ZA ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW SD SL SZ TZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): AE AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CR CU CZ DE DK DM EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT TZ UA UG UZ VN YU ZA ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW SD SL SZ TZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2348766

Country of ref document: CA

Ref country code: CA

Ref document number: 2348766

Kind code of ref document: A

Format of ref document f/p: F

REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8642

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase