WO1998057318B1 - Electrostatic video display system - Google Patents

Electrostatic video display system

Info

Publication number
WO1998057318B1
WO1998057318B1 PCT/US1998/011769 US9811769W WO9857318B1 WO 1998057318 B1 WO1998057318 B1 WO 1998057318B1 US 9811769 W US9811769 W US 9811769W WO 9857318 B1 WO9857318 B1 WO 9857318B1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pixel
row
pixels
display
display according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1998/011769
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO1998057318A2 (en
WO1998057318A9 (en
WO1998057318A3 (en
Inventor
Charles G Kalt
Original Assignee
Dielectric Syst Int
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dielectric Syst Int filed Critical Dielectric Syst Int
Priority to EP98926393A priority Critical patent/EP1010161A4/en
Priority to AU78241/98A priority patent/AU7824198A/en
Publication of WO1998057318A2 publication Critical patent/WO1998057318A2/en
Publication of WO1998057318A9 publication Critical patent/WO1998057318A9/en
Publication of WO1998057318A3 publication Critical patent/WO1998057318A3/en
Publication of WO1998057318B1 publication Critical patent/WO1998057318B1/en

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/3433—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/02—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the intensity of light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
    • G02B26/0816—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
    • G09F9/37—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being movable elements
    • G09F9/372—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being movable elements the positions of the elements being controlled by the application of an electric field
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G5/00—Capacitors in which the capacitance is varied by mechanical means, e.g. by turning a shaft; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G5/04—Capacitors in which the capacitance is varied by mechanical means, e.g. by turning a shaft; Processes of their manufacture using variation of effective area of electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
    • H04N9/30—Picture reproducers using solid-state colour display devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F13/00—Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
    • G09F13/04—Signs, boards or panels, illuminated from behind the insignia
    • G09F13/0418—Constructional details
    • G09F13/0472—Traffic signs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
    • G09G2300/04—Structural and physical details of display devices
    • G09G2300/0469—Details of the physics of pixel operation
    • G09G2300/0473—Use of light emitting or modulating elements having two or more stable states when no power is applied
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
    • G09G2300/06—Passive matrix structure, i.e. with direct application of both column and row voltages to the light emitting or modulating elements, other than LCD or OLED
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/0209—Crosstalk reduction, i.e. to reduce direct or indirect influences of signals directed to a certain pixel of the displayed image on other pixels of said image, inclusive of influences affecting pixels in different frames or fields or sub-images which constitute a same image, e.g. left and right images of a stereoscopic display

Abstract

Disclosed are cross-talk resistant drive circuitry for electrostatic video displays and flexible, foldable and shaped embodiments of such displays including books, fanfolds and scrolls employing flexible polymer film construction. Transistorless drive circuitry uses row and column dumping capacitors (108) to charge electrostatic pixels (A1...F5) in a traveling group to avoid simultaneously charging row-adjacent pixels (A1...F5). Also, individual pixels (A1...F5) can be shielded each with their own Faraday cage (60-62) to control charge leakage from the pixel. The pixels (A1...F5)' have spiral rollout shutters whose time parameters can be controlled by the use of suitable bleed resistors. Low-cost film technology manufacturing methods are also described.

Claims

AMENDED CLAIMS[received by the International Bureau on 28 September 1999 (28.09.99); original claims 8-10 amended; remaining claims unchanged (5 pages)]
1. An electrostatic display having drive circuitry comprising: a) an array of pixels (A1...F5) each including a capacitivelv drivable shutter electrode (20) movable between an open, light-transmitting position and a closed, light-blocking position; and b) drive circuitry for the pixel array capable of applying control signals to selected pixels (A1...F5) to move selected individual ones of the electrode shutters between their respective open and closed positions; characterized in that the drive circuitry is operable to charge each selected pixel (B3) in a relatively short charging interval and to discharge each selected pixel (B3) in a relatively longer discharging interval.
2. A display according to claim 1 characterized in that the movable electrode (20) is mechanically biased to return to a starting position whereby no negative pulse is required to retract the electrode (20).
3. A display according to claim 1, or 2 characterized in that the ratio of the discharging interval to the charging interval is at least 5:1 or is at least 500:1.
4. A display according to claim 1 characterized in that the drive circuitry effects charging by applying a short charging pulse to one or more pixels (A1...F5) to be charged, the charging pulse having a pulse width determining the charging interval.
5. A display according to claim 1, 2, or 4 characterized in that the charging pulse is applied to a dumping capacitor (110) servicing a group of pixels (A1...F5) and the dumping capacitor (110) is connected to charge each and every specified pixel in the pixel group on each refresh cycle.
6. A display according to claim 1 characterized in that the drive circuitry further includes a number of bleed resistances (120) for draining charge from the pixels (A1...F5) and each pixel is connected with one of said bleed resistances (120) to drain charge therefrom.
7. A display according to claim 1,2, 4 or 6 characterized in that the value of each bleed resistance (120) is selected, in relation to the capacitance characteristics of the pixel, to determine the duration of the discharge interval.
-51 -
8. A display according to claim 1, 2, 4 or 6 characterized in that each individual pixel comprises a Faraday cage (60-62) extending around the area of contact to shield the movable electrode (20) and control leakage of charge from the pixel.
9. An electrostatic video display comprising a raster of rows (1-5) of capacitively driven light- modulating pixels (A1...F5) having distinct logical pixel addresses, and drive circuitrv' to provide charging pulses to specified pixels (A1...F5) according to an intended display image, the drive circuitry providing an image refresh cycle characterized in that the drive circuitry generates a traveling scan in which a pixel activation pulse is applied to all specified ones of a horizontally contiguous pixel group, the pixel activation pulse moves progressively from row to row across the raster to visit every pixel address (A1...F5) during each refresh cycle, the number of pixels (A1...F5) in the group being less than the number of pixels (A1...F5) in a row so that specified row-adjacent pixels (A1...F5) receive charging pulses at different times whereby cross-talk is inhibited.
10. A display according to claim 9, wherein each pixel includes a capacitively drivable shutter electrode (20) movable between an open, light-transmitting position and a closed, light-blocking position characterized in that a row dumping capacitor (110) is connected to each row of the raster to receive charging pulses from the drive circuitry and discharge to specified pixels (A1...F5) in the row.
11. A display according to claim 9 or 10 characterized by comprising a bleed resistor for each said row of the raster wherein each pixel comprises a movable electrode (20) and a fixed electrode (22) and characterized in that each movable electrode (20) is connected to the drive circuitry through a respective one of the bleed resistances (120) to delay bleed-off of charge from the pixel.
12. A display according to claim 9, 10 or 11 characterized by comprising a radio frequency choke (122) for each pixel row to inhibit drive pulses from traveling in an unintended row.
13. A display according to claim 9, 10, 11 or 12 characterized in that each row of pixels (A1...F5) is supplied with a biasing direct current voltage to a value below a pixel activation threshold.
14. A display according to claim 9 characterized in that the drive circuitry includes a power source and, for each row of pixels (A1...F5), a clock switch to connect the row to the power source (130) .
-52-
15. A display according to claim 9 or 14 characterized in that a row dumping capacitor (110) is connected to each row of the raster to receive charging pulses from the drive circuitry and discharge to specified pixels (A1...F5) in the row and a radio frequency choke (122) is provided for each pixel row to inhibit drive pulses from traveling in an unintended row, each row of pixels (A1...F5) is supplied with a biasing d. c. voltage to a value below a pixel activation threshold, each pixel comprises a movable electrode and a fixed electrode (22) and each movable electrode (20) is connected to the drive circuitry through a bleed resistance (120) to delay bleed-off of charge from the pixel.
16. A display according to claim 9 characterized in that each pixel comprises a movable electrode (20) and a fixed electrode (22), the movable electrodes (20) of each row of pixels (A1...F5) being interconnected, the fixed electrodes (22) are connected in columns extending transversely of the pixel rows and the drive circuitry further includes a column dumping capacitor (108) for each column of pixels (A1...F5).
17. A display according to claim 9 characterized in that the drive circuitry includes a power source (130) and, for each column (A-F) of pixels a clock switch (104) to connect the column to the power source (130).
18. A display according to claim 17 characterized in that the drive circuitry comprises a drain resistor for each column of pixels (A1...F5) connected in parallel across the column dumping capacitor (108) to leak charge across the dumping capacitor (108)and drain static build up.
19. A display according to claim 18 characterized in that the drive circuitry includes: a) a power source (130) and, for each row of pixels (A1...F5), a clock switch (117) to connect the row to the power source (130); b) a row dumping capacitor (110) connected to each row of the raster to receive charging pulses from the drive circuitry and discharge to specified pixels (A1...F5) in the row; and c) and a radio frequency choke (122) for each pixel row to inhibit drive pulses from traveling in an unintended row; wherein each row of pixels (A1...F5) is supplied with a biasing d. c. voltage to a value below a pixel activation threshold, each pixel comprises a movable electrode (20) and a fixed electrode (22) and each movable electrode (20) is connected to the drive circuitry through a bleed resistance (120) to delay bleed-off of charge from the pixel.
20. A display according to claim 9, 14, 16 or 19 characterized in that each pixel, or every alternate pixel, in the display raster is shielded by a Faraday cage (60-62) to control leakage of charge from the pixel.
21. A display according to claim 9, 14, 16 or 19 characterized in that the display raster is enclosed in a Faraday cage (60-62) to shield the display from electrostatic interference.
22. A display according to claim 9, 14, 16 or 19 characterized in that each pixel comprises a movable electrode (20) and a fixed electrode, the movable electrodes (20) of each row of pixels (A1...F5) are interconnected and the fixed electrodes (22) are connected in columns extending transversely of the pixel rows, the drive circuitry further comprising: a) a row dumping capacitor (110) connected to each row of the raster to receive charging pulses from the drive circuitry and discharge to specified pixels (A1...F5) in the row; b) a bleed resistor for each said row of the raster, each movable electrode (20) being connected to the drive circuitry through a respective one of the bleed resistors to delay bleed-off of charge from the pixel; c) a radio frequency choke (122) for each pixel row to inhibit drive pulses from traveling in an unintended row; d) a power source (130) supplying each row of pixels (A1...F5) with a biasing d. c. voltage at a value below a pixel activation threshold value; e) a clock switch (117) for each row of pixels (A1...F5) to connect the row to the power source (130) ; f) a radio frequency choke (122) for each pixel row to inhibit drive pulses from traveling in an unintended row; g) a column dumping capacitor (108) for each column of pixels (A1...F5); h) a clock switch (104) for each column of pixels (A1...F5) to connect the column to the power source (130) ; and i) a drain resistor for each column of pixels (A1...F5) connected in parallel across the column dumping capacitor (108) to leak charge across the dumping capacitor and drain static build up.
23. A display according to claim 22 characterized by comprising a housing for the display, the housing providing a Faraday cage (60-62) enclosing the display and shielding the display from electrostatic interference.
24. A display according to claim 21 characterized bv being configured as a thin, flat panel computer, information appliance, television or indicator display.
-54-
25. A rasterized electronic display having an array of pixels (A1...F5) each comprising a dielectric element and an electrostatically movable, light-modulating electrode movable into contact with the dielectric element and having an area of contact with the dielectric, characterized in that each individual pixel comprises a Faraday cage (60-62) extending around the area of contact to shield the movable electrode (20) and control leakage of charge from the pixel.
26. A display according to claim 25 characterized in that each pixel comprises a fixed electrode (22) opposed to the movable electrode (20) across the dielectric element and in that the fixed electrode (22) is larger than the area of contact of the movable electrode (20) and provides a marginal zone around the periphery of the area of contact.
27. A display according to claim 25 or 26 characterized in that the movable electrode (20) comprises a spiral rollout having a rectangular shape when extended and the fixed electrode (22) has a corresponding rectangular shape and larger size providing lateral extensions on all four sides of the rollout whereby all four sides of the rollout are shielded.
28. A thin panel video display characterized by the display being non-planar and flexible, or being foldable, or being shaped, or being flexible and shaped.
29. A thin panel video display according to claim 28 characterized by comprising a display raster of electrostatic pixels (A1...F5).
30. A thin panel video display characterized by having a flexible displav matrix comprising a polymer film laminate of eiectricallv addressable and activatabie pixels (A1...F5).
31. A thin panel video displav according to claim 30 characterized in that the pixels (A1...F5) are electrostaticallv actuated and the polymer film laminate comprises a first polymer film dielectric layer, a pattern of fixed electrodes (22) contacting said dielectric layer and a second polymer film movable electrode (20) layer comprising a corresponding pattern of movable electrodes (20) being movable across a light path through the pixel to modulate light rays traveling on said light path.
-55- STATEMENT UNDER ARTICLE 19
With regard to the references cited in the International Search Report, Togashi et al. teaches, in Figure 1, a liquid crystal display drive circuit employing a thin film field effect transistor switch S ( column 4, line 35) to switch a liquid crystal displav element LC. Togashi teaches that an optional additional capacitance C* can be provided for each display element, if necessary (column 4, lines 53-54). The purpose of capacitance C* is not stated. To reduce cross talk, Togashi relies upon transistor switch S. Togashi does not remotely suggest a traveling scan wherein a pixel activation pulse moves progressively across the raster, as set forth in Applicant's claim 9. Nor does Togashi provide a movable shutter electrode as now set forth in the preamble of amended claim 10. Applicant's invention does not require a transistor for each display element, or pixel, which is an expensive practice for displays having some hundreds of thousands of pixels, as do present-day video monitors. Hebiguchi does not correct the deficiencies of Togashi.
It is not seen from its disclosure that Kalt et al. USP 4,336,536 discloses a Faraday cage extending around the area of contact of the movable electrode, as required by claim 25.
Simpson's video display lacks the configurational characteristics set forth in claim 28 as this claim now reads, which calls for the display itself to be non-planar and flexible, or foldable, or shaped, or flexible and shaped. Simpson teaches a display composed of display elements 10 each having a flexible member 14. Flexible member 14 is accommodated between a substrate 12 and a transparent cover 22, both of which may be of glass, which is rigid. Figure 7 shows the display elements arranged in a planar array.
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PCT/US1998/011769 1997-06-09 1998-06-08 Electrostatic video display system WO1998057318A2 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98926393A EP1010161A4 (en) 1997-06-09 1998-06-08 Electrostatic video display drive circuitry and displays incorporating same
AU78241/98A AU7824198A (en) 1997-06-09 1998-06-08 Electrostatic video display drive circuitry and displays incorporating same

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US87148697A 1997-06-09 1997-06-09
US08/871,486 1997-06-09
US09/055,575 US6057814A (en) 1993-05-24 1998-04-06 Electrostatic video display drive circuitry and displays incorporating same
US09/055,575 1998-04-06

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998057318A2 WO1998057318A2 (en) 1998-12-17
WO1998057318A9 WO1998057318A9 (en) 1999-04-08
WO1998057318A3 WO1998057318A3 (en) 1999-09-23
WO1998057318B1 true WO1998057318B1 (en) 1999-11-25

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1998/011769 WO1998057318A2 (en) 1997-06-09 1998-06-08 Electrostatic video display system

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (2) US6057814A (en)
EP (1) EP1010161A4 (en)
AU (1) AU7824198A (en)
WO (1) WO1998057318A2 (en)

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WO1998057318A2 (en) 1998-12-17
WO1998057318A9 (en) 1999-04-08
US6317108B1 (en) 2001-11-13
EP1010161A2 (en) 2000-06-21
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AU7824198A (en) 1998-12-30
US6057814A (en) 2000-05-02

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