WO1998053360A1 - Decentered bifocal contact lenses - Google Patents

Decentered bifocal contact lenses Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998053360A1
WO1998053360A1 PCT/GB1998/001466 GB9801466W WO9853360A1 WO 1998053360 A1 WO1998053360 A1 WO 1998053360A1 GB 9801466 W GB9801466 W GB 9801466W WO 9853360 A1 WO9853360 A1 WO 9853360A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lens
zone
vision
contact lens
distance
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1998/001466
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
John Trevor De Carle
Original Assignee
Aspect Vision Care Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aspect Vision Care Ltd. filed Critical Aspect Vision Care Ltd.
Publication of WO1998053360A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998053360A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/04—Contact lenses for the eyes
    • G02C7/048—Means for stabilising the orientation of lenses in the eye
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/04—Contact lenses for the eyes
    • G02C7/041—Contact lenses for the eyes bifocal; multifocal
    • G02C7/042—Simultaneous type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/04—Contact lenses for the eyes
    • G02C7/041—Contact lenses for the eyes bifocal; multifocal
    • G02C7/043—Translating type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/04—Contact lenses for the eyes
    • G02C7/041—Contact lenses for the eyes bifocal; multifocal
    • G02C7/044—Annular configuration, e.g. pupil tuned
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C2202/00—Generic optical aspects applicable to one or more of the subgroups of G02C7/00
    • G02C2202/04—Lenses comprising decentered structures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C2202/00—Generic optical aspects applicable to one or more of the subgroups of G02C7/00
    • G02C2202/20—Diffractive and Fresnel lenses or lens portions

Definitions

  • This invention relates to multifocal contact lenses, and in particular to bifocal contact lenses.
  • the present invention is based on that observation that when a bifocal contact lens is displaced nasally in an average person, the vision, especially the distance vision, improves.
  • a multifocal contact lens which comprises a generally circular first vision zone intended for distance or near vision and an annular second vision zone surrounding said first vision zone and intended for the other of near or distance vision, wherein in use the optical axis of the first zone is displaced nasally with respect to the geometric axis of the lens.
  • the first circular vision zone is a distance vision zone and the adjacent annular surrounding zone is a near vision zone.
  • a more complex lens may include further annular zones surrounding the first annular zone and these zones may be alternately distance and near vision zones.
  • multi-focal lenses may be constructed by providing a multipUcity of zones which cover three or more focal lengths. Because it is important that the optical axis of at least the inner vision zone of the lens is displaced or decentered nasally, the lenses of this invention will normally incorporate some kind of retaining means which will ensure the desired orientation on the lens.
  • a 'slab off technique This method is conventionally used for ensuring the correct orientation of toric lenses.
  • the lens is thinned at the top and bottom, e.g. by machining or polishing over arcuate portions of the lens.
  • the lens can be truncated at the bottom to cause the lens to sit with the truncated portion downwardly. This technique can be combined with a prism.
  • the lens may be manufactured with a thicker area in the lower part of the lens. Although lenses of this shape are difficult to produce on a lathe, it becomes the preferred system if the lens is moulded.
  • Lenses of the present invention may operate by refraction and/or diffraction, although lenses which operate at least partly by refraction are preferred. Diffraction is conveniently employed to apply a plus correction for near vision to a lens in which the distance vision is corrected by the power curve of the lens.
  • An example of such a lens and a method of manufacture is described in US Patent No. 4637697, the disclosure of which is specifically incorporated herein by reference.
  • Figure 1 is a plan view of a bifocal lens in accordance with the invention
  • Figure 2 is a cross-section on the line X-X in Figure 1
  • Figure 3 is a cross-section on the line Y-Y in Figure 1
  • Figure 4 is a plan view of a second embodiment of a bifocal lens in accordance with the invention.
  • the lens has a base curve 1 cut to a profile which corresponds to the patient's cornea and a power curve 2 which determines the optical power of the lens.
  • the power curve is machined with a central circular area 3 which forms one vision zone having a first power and an annular surrounding area 4 which forms a different vision zone having a second power.
  • zone 3 has a power appropriate for distance vision and zone 4 a power suitable for near vision. Differences in power are attained by the relative steepness of the portions of the power curve forming the zones.
  • the base curve may be shaped to provide the differences in power or contribute to the differences in power of the two vision zones.
  • the point P represents the point through which the geometric axis A-A passes.
  • P represents the geometric centre of the lens.
  • Zone 3 is displaced or decentered to one side of the lens so that when the lens is worn, its optical axis B-B passing through point O is displaced nasally when the lens is centered geometrically on the cornea.
  • the optimum degree of displacement d varies with patients but is normally in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 mm, e.g. about 1 mm.
  • the lens is formed with a thicker portion 6.
  • This thicker portion tends to retain the lens on the cornea in the orientation shown in Figure 1 and preferably also acts to return the lens to this orientation if it becomes rotationally displaced during wearing.
  • Figure 4 shows a bifocal lens which is the same in most respects as the lens shown in Figures 1 to 3. The embodiment of Figure 4 differs from the first embodiment only in the retaining means for maintaining the lens on the eye in the desired orientation.
  • the lower segment 10 is formed with two thickened portions 11. These thickened portions are spaced from the line Y-Y so that when the wearer is looking through the lower part of the near vision portion, his vision will not be disturbed by a thickened portion which is present to maintain the correct orientation of the lens.
  • the lenses of the invention will move on the cornea as the wearer changes his viewpoint between distance and near vision.
  • the near vision correction is provided by the peripheral region or zone 4
  • when the wearer looks down to read the lower lid will tend to push the lens up so that a larger proportion of light will enter the cornea from the near vision zone, than from the distance vision zone.
  • large amounts of movement of the lens on the cornea tend to upset some contact lens wearers and in the lenses of this invention it is unnecessary for the wearer to be looking exclusively through one type of zone, rather than the other, to achieve good near and distance vision corrections. Good results are obtained where the wearer looks through both zones at the same time, and he will quickly learn to discriminate between the two images since one will be in sharper focus.
  • a small amount of movement can be helpful, particularly where the cornea receives more light or a greater light intensity through the zone appropriate for the vision required at that point. For example, where the wearer switches from distance to near vision, upward movement of the lower eyelid may raise the lens by a small amount, which then causes more light to enter the eye through the near vision zone.
  • the surface contours making up the Fresnel zone plate can be shaped so that the step height is different in one region of the lens from another.
  • the intensity of light associated with an image seen by diffraction at one order in that region of the lens is greater than the light intensity of the same image, when seen at the same order through other regions of the lens.
  • the lens surface in the concentric outer region 2 may be formed with zone plate rings having a height such that the intensity of Ught in, say, the zero order diffraction, has a higher intensity than the intensity of Ught diffracted by the central region of the lens.
  • the distance vision may be provided by refraction produced by the power surface of the lens and near vision by the zone plate rings.
  • Lenses in accordance with the invention are most conveniently manufactured by moulding. However, they may also be manufactured by machining, poUshing or laser ablation.
  • a decentered lens in accordance with the invention may, for example, be cut on a high precision lathe to an overaU diameter greater than required, and then cropped to the desired size in such a way that the optical axis of the central region is decentered by the desired amount.
  • lenses in accordance with the invention are manufactured by moulding. This is done by machining a metal mould insert with a high precision computer-controlled lathe, such as a Rank Optoform 50 lathe (available from Taylor, Hobson Pneumo of 2 Star Road, Sheffield LE4 9JQ, England. Such a lathe is N.C. controUed and can be digitally programmed to shape the surface of the insert by using a variety of cutting tools, whose position with respect to the work piece is determined by control means which define the position of the tools in relation to X, Y and Z axes. Unlike conventional lathes, the tools are not mounted on radius arms and it is possible to readily cut aspherical surfaces.
  • a high precision computer-controlled lathe such as a Rank Optoform 50 lathe (available from Taylor, Hobson Pneumo of 2 Star Road, Sheffield LE4 9JQ, England.
  • a lathe is N.C. controUed and can be digitally programmed to shape the surface of the insert by
  • the shaped metal insert is then used to mould a plastic, e.g. a polypropylene mould, from which the lens if formed by casting, curing and, if water-sweUable, by swelling in saline.
  • a plastic e.g. a polypropylene mould
  • the shaping of the metal insert is carried out in such a way that there is no sharp transition between the near and distance vision zones but instead a continuous variation in curvature.
  • Lenses in accordance with the invention are preferably of the so-called concentric type in which there is a central area surrounded by one or more peripheral areas, it wiU be appreciated that for the purposes of this invention, the peripheral and central areas will not be strictly concentric. Bifocal lenses of this kind are described, for example, in US Patent No. 4890913 and UK Patent No. 2295686, the disclosure of which is specificaUy incorporated herein by reference.
  • the lens construction will fall into the following types and aU are included in the present invention.
  • an alternative system is to provide one lens with distance vision in the centre and near vision in a peripheral area, whUe the lens on the other eye has the near and distance vision areas reversed.
  • Lenses in accordance with the invention may be 'soft', especiaUy hydrophiUc soft contact lenses manufactured from polymers such as those described in British patents Nos. 1385677, 1475605 and 1436705.
  • the polymer is produced in a non- hydrated condition (known as a xerogel) and shaped in this form to provide the power and base curves and the nasaUy decentered zone. After shaping, the lens is hydrated by swelling in isotonic saline to form the final lens.
  • the lens may be manufactured from hard polymer material, e.g. hard, gas-permeable polymer.

Abstract

Multifocal contact lenses are disclosed having a circular first zone (3) intended for near or distance vision and an annular second zone (4) surrounding the first zone and intended for the other of near or distance vision. The optical axis B-B of the lens is displaced with respect to the geometric axis A-A so that in use the lens is decentered nasally.

Description

DECENTERED BIFOCAL CONTACT LENSES
This invention relates to multifocal contact lenses, and in particular to bifocal contact lenses.
Many attempts have been made to design a fully satisfactory bifocal contact lens. However, most designs are essentially a compromise and result in relatively poor near or distance vision. A common problem found by optometrists is that a bifocal lens which gives reasonably good reading vision results in poor distance clarity. It has been thought that this problem was caused by discontinuities in the lenticular surfaces at the boundaries between the different vision zones. Although there is an improvement when the lens surfaces of the zones are cut and polished so as to merge smoothly into one another, the above problem still remains.
The present invention is based on that observation that when a bifocal contact lens is displaced nasally in an average person, the vision, especially the distance vision, improves.
According to one form of the present invention, therefore, there is provided a multifocal contact lens which comprises a generally circular first vision zone intended for distance or near vision and an annular second vision zone surrounding said first vision zone and intended for the other of near or distance vision, wherein in use the optical axis of the first zone is displaced nasally with respect to the geometric axis of the lens.
Preferably, the first circular vision zone is a distance vision zone and the adjacent annular surrounding zone is a near vision zone. A more complex lens may include further annular zones surrounding the first annular zone and these zones may be alternately distance and near vision zones. Instead of having zones of only two focal lengths, multi-focal lenses may be constructed by providing a multipUcity of zones which cover three or more focal lengths. Because it is important that the optical axis of at least the inner vision zone of the lens is displaced or decentered nasally, the lenses of this invention will normally incorporate some kind of retaining means which will ensure the desired orientation on the lens.
This can be achieved by known devices and procedures. In essence, these are as follows :-
1. Machining the lens with a vertical prism so as to increase the mass of the lens in the lower segment.
2. A 'slab off technique. This method is conventionally used for ensuring the correct orientation of toric lenses. The lens is thinned at the top and bottom, e.g. by machining or polishing over arcuate portions of the lens.
3. Truncation. The lens can be truncated at the bottom to cause the lens to sit with the truncated portion downwardly. This technique can be combined with a prism.
4. The lens may be manufactured with a thicker area in the lower part of the lens. Although lenses of this shape are difficult to produce on a lathe, it becomes the preferred system if the lens is moulded.
Lenses of the present invention may operate by refraction and/or diffraction, although lenses which operate at least partly by refraction are preferred. Diffraction is conveniently employed to apply a plus correction for near vision to a lens in which the distance vision is corrected by the power curve of the lens. An example of such a lens and a method of manufacture is described in US Patent No. 4637697, the disclosure of which is specifically incorporated herein by reference.
The invention will now be illustrated by the accompanying drawings of one embodiment of a bifocal lens in accordance with the invention. In the accompanying drawings:-
Figure 1 is a plan view of a bifocal lens in accordance with the invention, Figure 2 is a cross-section on the line X-X in Figure 1, Figure 3 is a cross-section on the line Y-Y in Figure 1 , and Figure 4 is a plan view of a second embodiment of a bifocal lens in accordance with the invention.
Referring to Figures 1 to 3 of the drawings, the lens has a base curve 1 cut to a profile which corresponds to the patient's cornea and a power curve 2 which determines the optical power of the lens. The power curve is machined with a central circular area 3 which forms one vision zone having a first power and an annular surrounding area 4 which forms a different vision zone having a second power. Preferably, zone 3 has a power appropriate for distance vision and zone 4 a power suitable for near vision. Differences in power are attained by the relative steepness of the portions of the power curve forming the zones. Although not preferred, the base curve may be shaped to provide the differences in power or contribute to the differences in power of the two vision zones.
As can be seen best in Figure 1 , the point P represents the point through which the geometric axis A-A passes. In Figure 1 , P represents the geometric centre of the lens. Zone 3 is displaced or decentered to one side of the lens so that when the lens is worn, its optical axis B-B passing through point O is displaced nasally when the lens is centered geometrically on the cornea. The optimum degree of displacement d varies with patients but is normally in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 mm, e.g. about 1 mm.
In order to ensure that the lens is oriented correctly on the cornea, the lens is formed with a thicker portion 6. This thicker portion tends to retain the lens on the cornea in the orientation shown in Figure 1 and preferably also acts to return the lens to this orientation if it becomes rotationally displaced during wearing. Figure 4 shows a bifocal lens which is the same in most respects as the lens shown in Figures 1 to 3. The embodiment of Figure 4 differs from the first embodiment only in the retaining means for maintaining the lens on the eye in the desired orientation. In Figure 4, the lower segment 10 is formed with two thickened portions 11. These thickened portions are spaced from the line Y-Y so that when the wearer is looking through the lower part of the near vision portion, his vision will not be disturbed by a thickened portion which is present to maintain the correct orientation of the lens.
To some extent, the lenses of the invention will move on the cornea as the wearer changes his viewpoint between distance and near vision. For example, where the near vision correction is provided by the peripheral region or zone 4, when the wearer looks down to read the lower lid will tend to push the lens up so that a larger proportion of light will enter the cornea from the near vision zone, than from the distance vision zone. However, large amounts of movement of the lens on the cornea tend to upset some contact lens wearers and in the lenses of this invention it is unnecessary for the wearer to be looking exclusively through one type of zone, rather than the other, to achieve good near and distance vision corrections. Good results are obtained where the wearer looks through both zones at the same time, and he will quickly learn to discriminate between the two images since one will be in sharper focus. A small amount of movement can be helpful, particularly where the cornea receives more light or a greater light intensity through the zone appropriate for the vision required at that point. For example, where the wearer switches from distance to near vision, upward movement of the lower eyelid may raise the lens by a small amount, which then causes more light to enter the eye through the near vision zone.
In the case of diffractive lenses of the kind described in US Patent No. 4637697, the surface contours making up the Fresnel zone plate can be shaped so that the step height is different in one region of the lens from another. As a result, the intensity of light associated with an image seen by diffraction at one order in that region of the lens is greater than the light intensity of the same image, when seen at the same order through other regions of the lens. Thus, for example, the lens surface in the concentric outer region 2 may be formed with zone plate rings having a height such that the intensity of Ught in, say, the zero order diffraction, has a higher intensity than the intensity of Ught diffracted by the central region of the lens. In such an embodiment, the distance vision may be provided by refraction produced by the power surface of the lens and near vision by the zone plate rings.
Lenses in accordance with the invention are most conveniently manufactured by moulding. However, they may also be manufactured by machining, poUshing or laser ablation. A decentered lens in accordance with the invention may, for example, be cut on a high precision lathe to an overaU diameter greater than required, and then cropped to the desired size in such a way that the optical axis of the central region is decentered by the desired amount.
Preferably, lenses in accordance with the invention are manufactured by moulding. This is done by machining a metal mould insert with a high precision computer-controlled lathe, such as a Rank Optoform 50 lathe (available from Taylor, Hobson Pneumo of 2 Star Road, Leicester LE4 9JQ, England. Such a lathe is N.C. controUed and can be digitally programmed to shape the surface of the insert by using a variety of cutting tools, whose position with respect to the work piece is determined by control means which define the position of the tools in relation to X, Y and Z axes. Unlike conventional lathes, the tools are not mounted on radius arms and it is possible to readily cut aspherical surfaces. The shaped metal insert is then used to mould a plastic, e.g. a polypropylene mould, from which the lens if formed by casting, curing and, if water-sweUable, by swelling in saline. The shaping of the metal insert is carried out in such a way that there is no sharp transition between the near and distance vision zones but instead a continuous variation in curvature.
It wiU be appreciated that a different lens will be required for each eye but this is no disadvantage for patients since it is common to have a different prescription for each eye.
Lenses in accordance with the invention are preferably of the so-called concentric type in which there is a central area surrounded by one or more peripheral areas, it wiU be appreciated that for the purposes of this invention, the peripheral and central areas will not be strictly concentric. Bifocal lenses of this kind are described, for example, in US Patent No. 4890913 and UK Patent No. 2295686, the disclosure of which is specificaUy incorporated herein by reference.
In general, the lens construction will fall into the following types and aU are included in the present invention.
1. Lenticular surfaces spherical with distance vision in the centre and near vision in the peripheral region.
2. Lenticular surfaces spherical but with near vision in the centre and distance vision in the peripheral area.
3. As in type 1 above but the surfaces are aspherical but Rx graduaUy changing from distance to reading.
4. As in type 2, but with aspherical surfaces and Rx graduaUy changing from distance to near vision.
5. Diffractive bifocals as in the lenses sold under the trade marks 'Diffrax' and Echelon and described in US Patent No. 4637697 and European Patent AppUcatio No. 0343067.
Although it is currently preferred to provide the distance vision in the central area, an alternative system is to provide one lens with distance vision in the centre and near vision in a peripheral area, whUe the lens on the other eye has the near and distance vision areas reversed.
Lenses in accordance with the invention may be 'soft', especiaUy hydrophiUc soft contact lenses manufactured from polymers such as those described in British patents Nos. 1385677, 1475605 and 1436705. The polymer is produced in a non- hydrated condition (known as a xerogel) and shaped in this form to provide the power and base curves and the nasaUy decentered zone. After shaping, the lens is hydrated by swelling in isotonic saline to form the final lens. Alternatively, the lens may be manufactured from hard polymer material, e.g. hard, gas-permeable polymer.

Claims

CLAIMS -
1. A multifocal contact lens which comprises a generaUy circular first vision zone intended for distance or near vision and an annular second vision zone surrounding said first vision zone and intended for the other of near or distance vision, wherein in use the optical axis of the first zone is displaced nasaUy with respect to the geometric axis of the lens.
2. A contact lens as claimed in claim 1 in which the first zone is a distance vision zone and the second zone is for near vision.
3. A contact lens as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein the optical axes of both zones are displaced nasaUy with respect to the geometric axes of the lens.
4. A contact lens as claimed in any one of the preceding claims which includes retaining means for retaining the lens oriented on the eye with the optical axis of the fist zone decentered nasaUy.
5. A contact lens as claimed in claim 4 wherein said retaining means comprises a thickened portion of the lens adapted to retain said lens in the desired orientation.
6. A contact lens as claimed in claim 5 wherein the retaining means comprises two or more thickened portions in the lower segment of the lens, said thickened portions being spaced from a vertical Une passing through the geometric centre of the lens.
7. A contact lens as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the optical axis of the fist zone is displaced nasaUy by a distance of about 0.05 to 1.5 mm.
8. A contact lens as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the circular zone is surrounded by a pluraUty of annular vision zones, each zone being adapted alternately for distance or near vision.
9. A contact lens as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the annular vision zone or zones are essentiaUy concentric with the first vision zone.
10. A multi-focal contact lens having a geometric axis passing through the centre of the lens, said lens comprising a multipUcity of concentric rings forming a zone plate which provides by diffraction, optionaUy, together with refraction, at least two distinct foci, one of which provides for near vision and the other for distance vision, wherein one or more of the foci are displaced nasaUy with respect to said geometric axis.
11. A contact lens as claimed in claim 10 wherein distance vision is provided by refractive power and near vision is provided by said zone plate.
PCT/GB1998/001466 1997-05-23 1998-05-21 Decentered bifocal contact lenses WO1998053360A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9710781.7A GB9710781D0 (en) 1997-05-23 1997-05-23 Decentred bifocal contact lenses
GB9710781.7 1997-05-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998053360A1 true WO1998053360A1 (en) 1998-11-26

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WO (1) WO1998053360A1 (en)

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US6682195B2 (en) 2001-10-25 2004-01-27 Ophthonix, Inc. Custom eyeglass manufacturing method
US6712466B2 (en) 2001-10-25 2004-03-30 Ophthonix, Inc. Eyeglass manufacturing method using variable index layer
US6813082B2 (en) 2000-11-27 2004-11-02 Ophthonix, Inc. Wavefront aberrator and method of manufacturing
US7217375B2 (en) 2001-06-04 2007-05-15 Ophthonix, Inc. Apparatus and method of fabricating a compensating element for wavefront correction using spatially localized curing of resin mixtures
US7293871B2 (en) 2000-11-27 2007-11-13 Ophthonix, Inc. Apparatus and method of correcting higher-order aberrations of the human eye
US7434931B2 (en) 2001-10-25 2008-10-14 Ophthonix Custom eyeglass manufacturing method
WO2012044534A1 (en) * 2010-09-27 2012-04-05 Johnson & Johnson Vision Care. Inc. Translating presbyopic contact lens
WO2012047549A1 (en) * 2010-09-27 2012-04-12 Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. Translating presbyopic contact lens
CN103180777A (en) * 2010-09-27 2013-06-26 庄臣及庄臣视力保护公司 Asymmetric translating presbyopic contact lens
US8808256B2 (en) 2012-01-16 2014-08-19 Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. Eye drug delivery system

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EP0618474A1 (en) * 1993-03-31 1994-10-05 Menicon Co., Ltd. Contact lens
EP0732608A1 (en) * 1995-03-15 1996-09-18 Ciba-Geigy Ag Rotationally stabilized contact lens and methods of lens stabilization
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Cited By (28)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6989938B2 (en) 2000-11-27 2006-01-24 Ophthonix, Inc. Wavefront aberrator and method of manufacturing
US7695134B2 (en) 2000-11-27 2010-04-13 Ophthonix, Inc. Apparatus and method of correcting higher-order aberrations of the human eye
US6813082B2 (en) 2000-11-27 2004-11-02 Ophthonix, Inc. Wavefront aberrator and method of manufacturing
US7293871B2 (en) 2000-11-27 2007-11-13 Ophthonix, Inc. Apparatus and method of correcting higher-order aberrations of the human eye
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GB9810992D0 (en) 1998-07-22
GB9710781D0 (en) 1997-07-23

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