WO1998039164A1 - Substrate with hidden images and method of making such images appear - Google Patents
Substrate with hidden images and method of making such images appear Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998039164A1 WO1998039164A1 PCT/US1998/004096 US9804096W WO9839164A1 WO 1998039164 A1 WO1998039164 A1 WO 1998039164A1 US 9804096 W US9804096 W US 9804096W WO 9839164 A1 WO9839164 A1 WO 9839164A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ink
- image
- layer
- migrating
- game
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D15/00—Printed matter of special format or style not otherwise provided for
- B42D15/02—Postcards; Greeting, menu, business or like cards; Letter cards or letter-sheets
- B42D15/025—Postcards; Greeting, menu, business or like cards; Letter cards or letter-sheets with peel-away layer hiding information
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63F—CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- A63F3/00—Board games; Raffle games
- A63F3/06—Lottos or bingo games; Systems, apparatus or devices for checking such games
- A63F3/065—Tickets or accessories for use therewith
Definitions
- This invention relates to substrates, such as game cards and lottery tickets, with hidden images that are made to appear.
- substrates such as game cards and lottery tickets
- hidden images and the technology relating thereto are found in game cards that contain hidden play indicia such as numbers, symbols or messages that indicate whether or not the card is a winner or has a certain value to the player.
- the play indicia is normally covered by an opaque coating material, for example a latex compound which can be scratched off by the player to reveal the play indicia after the ticket has been purchased or otherwise obtained by the player.
- a confusion pattem obscures or otherwise confuses the image of the play indicia when visible light is shined through the game card thus making it difficult or impossible to read the indicia before the latex covering is removed.
- Confusion patterns may be printed on the back of a lottery ticket. Although confusion patterns printed on the back of the ticket help to prevent candling, other methods exist for compromising the security of the ticket. For example, delamination can be used to overcome the security provided by confusion patterns printed on the back of the ticket. The back ticket layer containing the confusion layer is separated or delaminated from the ticket. Once delaminated, the indicia can be read by candling.
- Confusion patterns consisting of irregular opaque areas have also been printed on the top surface of the card stock below the opaque mask.
- a confusion pattem is printed over the play indicia using a transparent media or a media having a color differing from the color of the play indicia so that the confusion pattern will not obscure the play indicia when the opaque mask is removed by a player.
- Another confusion pattern is then printed below the play indicia on the card material immediately below the play indicia.
- One disadvantage of this approach is that unless the upper confusion pattem is completely transparent its existence will be apparent to those individuals who may be considering methods for breaching game card security. In addition the upper confusion pattem as described makes very little contribution to the prevention of candling.
- Wicking is another technique that has been used to read the play indicia without having to remove the opaque mask.
- a solvent containing alcohols, ketones, acetate, esters, aliphatic or a ine solutions is applied to either the back or the front of the game card resulting in the bleed through of an image of the play indicia. This makes it possible to determine if a game card is a winner before the opaque coating is removed.
- TEM Tunneling Electron Microscope
- SEM Scanning Electron Microscope
- ATM Atomic Force Microscope
- the composition of the different inks might be determined. By detecting which ink dots are of one composition and a second type of ink dots are of a second composition. It doesn't matter what the actual composition is, as long as they are different.
- various analytical techniques such as Neutron Activation Analysis, x-ray fluorescence, electron beam fluorescence, and various other two- dimensional techniques, one could plot the responses as to each ink dot composition and hence, map out the hidden image within the printing.
- a material such as plasticized vinyl, oilpaper, and polyester under heat in direct contact with the back part ink, one may be able to absorb out of the ink enough dye to make the image legible.
- Any substrate bearing a hidden image particularly a game card or lottery ticket, must be able to withstand most if not all of these methods of improperly viewing the hidden image.
- the aforedescribed techniques and other techniques for hiding images on printed documents are particularly useful for the production of printed materials for promotion, advertising, game, and novelty devices.
- One common feature of all of these techniques for hiding images be it hiding a printed message under a paper cover, label, removable opaque coating or layer, e.g., "Scratch-Off' coating, is that once the opaque layer is removed, the information appears instantly.
- 5,286,061 to Behm describes validation data that is printed with a developable invisible ink capable of being rendered visible to determine if it is valid by application of a developing agent.
- 5,346,258 to Behm et al describes a game card substrate wherein to enhance the security of the card a confusion pattem is printed with an ink that bleeds in the presence of a solvent that also causes the bleeding of the hidden play indicia
- Time dependant security products e.g., badges
- U.S. Patents and applications 4,903,254 to Haas; 5,364,132 Haas et al. ; 4.212.153 to Kvdonieus et al. ; 5,107.470 to Pedicano: 5.364.132 to Haas et al.: 5,446,705 to Haas etal; 5,058,088 to Haas; 4,432,630 to Haas; 4,542,982 to Haas; 4,779,120 to Haas: U.S. Patent No.5,719,828, to Haas (3.0-011/cip); U.S.
- the game card of this invention has a hidden game image or game indicia thereon that is developed over a predetermined period of time.
- the document comprises: a front part and a rear part; the rear part including: a migrating ink pattern layer overlaying a rear support member to form a game image; an non-migrating printed pattem layer overlaying the rear support member to form a confusion pattern to hide the image; the front part including a front support layer having an adhesive layer on one side and a front ink display surface on the other side, the adhesive layer capable of causing the migrating ink pattem to migrate upon contact therewith.
- the adhesive layer activates the migration of ink in a selected time interval from the ink pattern layer, through the adhesive layer to the front ink display surface for viewing the game image.
- the game card image or indicia e.g., play indicia
- the game card permits the indicia or image to gradually change or appear over a predetermined time interval.
- Such a game card can provides many benefits to the distributor of such cards. For example, it may cause the viewer or game player to wonder over the period of time for development, what the information is disclosed in the indicia. It provokes the viewers interest in the device and/or message being conveyed; the card can present several answers at different time intervals, thus increasing the interest in the printing; the card can make the image appear out of nowhere in a magical fashion.
- the indicia can be made visible to the viewer from the initial viewing but it is not legible or understandable until the viewer activates the card with a self-adhesive sticker to permit the indicia or image to fully appear over the predetermined period of time.
- the game card or "image change paper” of this invention is a novel printing technology that enables the image or indicia, e.g., words, to appear at different times, e.g., minutes, hours, days.
- the image change paper is activated by placing a self-adhesive activation cover (front part) on top of a printed pattem (back part) that contains the hidden indicia, message or image. As soon as the two parts are together, the game card is "activated", and the image appearing process begins. The words or image become legible after the time interval selected for the product.
- the timing control is dependent on the materials in the front part and back part of the game card.
- the image is caused to appear through a dye migration system wherein the dyes migrates out of the printing ink on the backpart into the adhesive on the activation cover. As long as the front part and back part are kept separate from each other, nothing happens. But when the adhesive comes into contact with the printed pattern, the timing begins (for the appearance of the image) because the dyes begin to be dissolved immediately.
- image change paper is the development of self- appearing printing which only requires a pressure sensitive sticker to activate it.
- the ink printed pattern and the activation cover can be offered either on the same card or they can be supplied separately, depending on the particular promotion format.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic of a cross-section of a document, e.g., game ticket, of this invention.
- FIG. 1 is an example of a game card 10 of this invention.
- Card 10 is assembled by the purchaser or recipient of the game card.
- the card 10 is made of two parts, a front part 12 being the face of the card and a back portion 14.
- An game indicia 44 is printed with a special ink that when activated by an adhesive 32 migrates through the opaque adhesive layer 32 to be viewed through the transparent front support layer 30 of the front part 12.
- a non-migrating printed pattem layer 38 overlays the rear support member to form a confusion pattem to hide the game image 44.
- the self-adhesive face or front portion 12 is placed over the back part 14 and the timing process begins.
- the ink 44 passes or migrates through the opaque adhesive layer 32 of the front part 12 within the predetermined time period whereupon the game image 38 becomes visible through the transparent front support layer 30, thus informing the purchaser or recipient of the game card whether they have a winning card.
- Patent No. to Haas (3.0-022);U.S. Serial No. 08/718,268 to Frommer. et al filed
- the front part is used to activate or initiate the development of the latent image.
- the front part may be clear or opaque (white), a laminated material with pressure sensitive adhesive or may self- stick through other type attractive forces 77 ⁇ e Article
- a latent image is an image that exists, even though you cannot see it.
- a two part system comprising a Back Part that includes a hidden or latent printed image and a second part (Front Part) used to activate (develop) the image into a visible form.
- Ink containing migrating and non-migrating dye develops (migrates) out of the ink and may be of a different color than the original mixture.
- Migrating and non-migrating ink printed at a random or uniform dot pattern to hide the latent image.
- legible image/picture/text presented to the observer after development by the Activation cover.
- the special ink printed patterns can be printed in a number of forms, some, but not all are disclosed herein.
- One technique of forming a hidden image on the back part is printing with two inks (one migrating, the other permanent) in a dot pattem with substantial white space between the dots. This is termed herein "the multiple ink dot printing technique".
- the adhesive on the front part touches all of the dots, however only the migrating ink dots grow and develop to reveal the image.
- the dot pattern may be a uniform array, or it may be random pattem, of any colors that match to hide the different inks.
- a second printing technique is termed “the clear barrier ink printing technique”.
- the migrating ink is printed on the substrate in a uniform pattem and a clear barrier (coating) containing a design or pattern is printed over it.
- the adhesive touches only the exposed migrating ink and this exposed ink develops into the image.
- Another printing technique employs either of the two above methods, but additionally overprints it with a clear or colored confusion pattern to hide the image printed below.
- the overprint ink is very thin or dilute so as not to block the migrating ink.
- the adhesive comes in contact with the migrating ink through the overprinted confusion pattem to cause the image to appear in the adhesive.
- Still another printing technique employs either the first or second technique, additionally overprinted with a clear coating or a solid colored coating (not a confusion pattem) to hide the image below.
- the adhesive front part
- a dissolving agent carrier molecule
- Yet another printing technique employs chemically reactive dyes that change color upon being absorbed into the adhesive layer.
- These reactive dyes may be colored or colorless.
- the dyes may change color either because they react within the adhesive layer or an organic reactant diffuses from the adhesive into the printed ink on the back part.
- Activation covers for Image Change Paper
- the self-adhesive Activation covers may be of two basic forms: One type of activation cover is a clear cover wherein the printing on the back part can be seen through the cover. Another type of cover is a white or opaque cover wherein the printing on the back part is obscured from the observer.
- the activation covers may also contain an organic dissolving agent (carrier) that assists in making the color change very rapid, e.g., minutes. If the activation cover only consists of a cured adhesive and does not have an organic dissolving agent (carrier) or diffusing component, then one cannot use any of the printing techniques that require overprint barriers to be penetrated.
- the image development can be presented to the observer as simply a hidden message that appears rapidly within minutes ("hidden information function”) or the image development can be made to appear over specific predetermined time intervals such as hours/days ("timing function"). It is also possible to make different portions of a single hidden message appear at different times.
- the image change paper may be printed on flexographic and offset printing presses. It has been found that it is highly desirable, and perhaps even necessary, that the press or technique used to print the image change paper provide an ink that rapidly drys. This is necessary because if the clear offset ink vehicle spreads (creeps) before it fully dries, it may cause the migrating dye to travel with it and reveal images as each dot grows in size (the image is no longer hidden in the back part). Additionally, it has been found that printing with offset oxidizing inks reveals the hidden image on uncoated (litho) thin stock when the paper is thin (20#, 60#).
- Printing of image change paper should be satisfactory with flexographic printing techniques that dry by evaporation or UV drying (curing), and with offset printing that employs UV drying.
- inks do not perform as well as others. Inks that cure or polymerize will trap the migrating dye within the print. Inks that use a drier (catalyst) or other reactive ingredients have shown difficulties. This might be overcome with the use of an organic diffusion molecule (carrier) such as a plasticizer in the adhesive of the front part.
- carrier organic diffusion molecule
- Plasticizer s are excellent carriers. These carriers rapidly dissolve the dyes and cause the color to appear.
- a 1 mil acrylic adhesive layer may be used with 5%-10% plasticizer. If it is desired to make the activator cover white, about 15-30% TiO2 may be added to the adhesive.
- the adhesive is applied as a coating on the substrate. The actual time of image development will depend on the particular dyes that are used. Each dye is different in speed and color intensity. The time can also be controlled by using different plasticizers or other additives. The type of adhesive can also vary the timing.
- the dyes After activation and the image starts to form, the dyes continue to migrate laterally throughout the adhesive. The more rapid the image appearance, the faster it will diffuse laterally to cause the image to blur.
- Two methods have been used to prevent blurring.
- One method involves the use of a patterned adhesive in which each of the discrete adhesive dots traps the dyes and prevent dye mobility to the next adhesive dot, see U.S. Patent Number 5,058,088 to Haas.
- Another technique uses dyes that chemically bind to and covalently react with the adhesive directly above the printed image. In using this reacting dye technique, it is preferred to have all the dyes employed react with or bind to the adhesive layer in the same chemical manner. This enables the dyes to react slowly enough to produce sufficient color development, enables the dyes to migrate at similar rates, and assures that the dye color, after reaction, is suitable and stable.
- the color intensity of the dyes using a clear adhesive front part is usually very strong.
- the dye color intensity becomes diluted with the TiO2 within the adhesive when a white adhesive front part is used.
- the dye color intensity can be increased substantially by employing a clear enhancement layer directly above the white adhesive, into which the dye migrates and leaves the TiO2 behind, see U.S. Patent Number 4,903,254 to Haas.
- the time delay before an image appears with migrating inks is proportional to the rate-of-color-change of the image from the first moment it is detectable to 100%) of its color development.
- the image first appears (becomes detectable) in 5 minutes after activation it will usually reach its full color in about 10-20 minutes.
- This transition time or "gray time” is usually not a problem with short time intervals, e.g., minutes to hours, but becomes a major problem when the time intervals are weeks or months. If the image first appears in a week, it may take 7 more days before the image reaches 50-100%) color development. If one is using this device for its time function, then the observer will have a difficult time deciding if the elapsed time is 7, 8, 9+ days.
- the printing is by means of patterns of individual ink dots that appear indistinguishable.
- the ink dots can be printed in uniform or random patterns.
- the inks are of two types: permanent (non-migrating) inks and migrating inks that develop out the image.
- the inks should be made from the same vehicle so that their absorption characteristics and reflection properties are identical.
- the migrating ink dots grow in size so that you see an increase in density and/or a color change as the dots become larger.
- the migrating ink dots grow through the opaque material.
- Dot printed patterns may be printed on a white (light) background so they can be viewed through a clear adhesive PSA film in which the dots grow in size over the white space (fill-in) to increase the apparent density.
- Dot printed patterns may also be printed on a black (dark) background, in which case they must be viewed with a white adhesive PSA film . This is because lateral dot growth over the black space is not directly visible, and the only way to detect the migrating ink is by its appearance through the white adhesive of the activation cover.
- the color change occurs when the dyes in the inks migrate into the adhesive itself.
- the dye migration can actually perform two functions:
- mixed dye colors in the printed ink are selectively absorbed by the adhesive and present themselves as color changes.
- the ink contains migrating and non-migrating dyes. Since the migrating dye is moving out over the white spaces, its color can be clearly differentiated from the color of the dot itself.
- the light dot patterns (about 20% tint) have 80% white area around them.
- Some dots are printed with permanent ink and others are printed with migrating ink.
- the migrating dye inks diffuse (bleed) into the pressure sensitive adhesive layer as time passes. The rate of diffusion is dependent on: 1) the particular dye molecule itself, 2) the adhesive composition, and 3) the size of and distance between the dots. The closer together the dots are, the faster they coalesce as the dots grow larger. Thus, these images appear faster. The further apart the dots are, the slower they coalesce and the slower the images appear.
- the dot printing technique offers several unique advantages.
- using a clear adhesive information can be made to appear at different rates within the same film when the dots are printed (with the same ink) in different sizes at different spacings.
- Clear films can be used instead of the opaque films. Clear films offer lower costs film construction and can give multiple colors when one uses different dyes in the various dots.
- the hidden image is formed by a clear barrier that prevents the adhesive on the activation cover from contacting any of the migrating ink.
- the exposed (unprinted) areas of the migrating ink developed into the visible image once the activation cover is applied.
- the activation cover may employ either clear or white (opaque) adhesive.
- the migrating ink must be printed as a dot pattern with white space between the dots. This will provide white space for the color to develop, causing the white space to turn dark.
- the Activation cover must be opaque (white adhesive) in order that the developed color can be seen. There will be little or no contrast if the color development is viewed with the solid ink as the background. In both cases, the clear barrier defines the image that will develop. With white activation covers, the viewer initially sees only the blank white film when the cover is placed over the printing. As the dyes migrate through the white adhesive, one sees the "migrating ink" image on the face of the activation cover.
- White adhesive images appear uniformly, all at the same time.
- a barrier can also be incorporated into the adhesive of the front part to block the migrating ink.
- the migrating ink that passes in regions that it is not blocked will produce the image. This appears to be less practical than employing all the variable designs in the printed back part.
- the clear barrier ink printing technique provides the following features:
- a single color (migrating) ink can be used and a single clear barrier (varnish) can be applied over it; artwork registration and the printing is easier than with the multiple ink dot technique; 3) Clear barrier printing cannot provide images that appear at different time intervals because all the ink migrates at the same rate (unless one uses several different dyes for the hidden image printing);
- opaque films provide more attractive blank surfaces for image development than do clear films over dot patterns.
- Confusion printing is employed to prevent reading of documents or data printed on a different surface below or within the packaging of the article.
- confusion patterns are printed on the inside of business/pay envelopes to prevent reading the contents through the outer envelope paper and confusion patterns are printed on or within layers of games cards, promotion forms, or lottery tickets.
- the printing is with dark ink in specific patterns to prevent reading of numbers and text on subsequent layers within the item itself.
- confusion printing is permanent and not intended to interfere with the actual hidden data itself.
- the confusion printing on a lottery ticket could be on or within the scratch-off layer of the lottery ticket, so that when this scratch-off layer is removed, the confusion printing is also removed.
- the confusion printing is on or within a flap covering the lottery ticket printing, it also is removed at the time the flat is lifted.
- the printing on a business or paycheck envelope is left behind when the actual document or check is removed from the envelope itself. Most, if not all, confusion printing produced on documents has been separate from the printing of the hidden data itself at the time of reading the hidden data.
- Confusion pattem printing conceals the hidden image by either: 1) printing a solid opaque (colored) ink over the entire hidden image so that nothing is visible below; 2) printing irregular colored confusion shapes over the image so as to hide the migrating ink of the hidden image within the irregular colored printed confusion pattern; 3) printing a more reflective confusion pattem than the contrast differences in the migrating and non-migrating inks used to produce the hidden image. All of these hiding techniques must permit the migrating dyes to pass through to produce the visible image of the hidden image.
- This technique involves concealing the hidden image with a confusion pattem that does not cover or prevent the dyes in the migrating inks from being developed by the activation cover (with or without a carrier).
- This technique involves concealing the hidden image with an opaque coating or a confusion pattern that covers the migrating inks.
- the hidden image printed with migrating ink can be concealed by printing over the migrating image a solid opaque coating or a confusion pattern of various shapes/inks that completely hides the hidden image so that nothing is visible below.
- the latent image hidden below the obscuring layer(s) is developed by the activation (adhesive) cover by means of an organic diffusion molecule leaving the activation cover and causing the dyes to penetrate the concealing layers.
- This technique involves hiding dyes in identical colored (colorless) inks and making them appear by reacting with agents in the activation cover.
- Reactive migrating dyes hiding in an ink with a non-migrating dye can be made to appear after reacting with chemical components in the adhesive. After reacting, the new form of the migrating dye changes color and a image appears.
- dots of the same color such as black
- black the color does not have to be closely matched; also, black ink can conceal dyes of different color so that all printed dots look black.
- dot pattem that is not a uniform array (with all dots the same size)
- dot printing is performed on a white (light) background, with less than 40 dots per inch. This permits one to use a clear adhesive Activation cover because each dot grows larger over the white background.
- camouflage techniques are presently not preferred. For example, printing two identical colors to form a solid image. It is almost impossible to print two identical inks in a solid pattern so that one is indistinguishable from the other. It is also very difficult to make their registration so perfect that no edge effects are visible. This is why solid color printing does not work for hiding images.
- Another technique that is not preferred is printing one or more inks on a dark background. By printing one or more dark inks on a dark background, one may be able to camouflage the image printed with the migrating ink. However, the slight differences in reflectivity permits a person to see the printing when viewed at a glancing angle.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP53868398A JP2001511728A (en) | 1997-03-03 | 1998-03-03 | Substrate having hidden image and method of expressing hidden image |
CA002283451A CA2283451A1 (en) | 1997-03-03 | 1998-03-03 | Substrate with hidden images and method of making such images appear |
AU63452/98A AU745990B2 (en) | 1997-03-03 | 1998-03-03 | Substrate with hidden images and method of making such images appear |
EP98907706A EP1011988A4 (en) | 1997-03-03 | 1998-03-03 | Substrate with hidden images and method of making such images appear |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US4000197P | 1997-03-03 | 1997-03-03 | |
US60/040,001 | 1997-03-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998039164A1 true WO1998039164A1 (en) | 1998-09-11 |
Family
ID=21908526
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1998/004096 WO1998039164A1 (en) | 1997-03-03 | 1998-03-03 | Substrate with hidden images and method of making such images appear |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1011988A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2001511728A (en) |
AU (1) | AU745990B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2283451A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998039164A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1277501A1 (en) * | 1998-10-01 | 2003-01-22 | Oberthur Gaming Technologies, Inc. | Security enhanced document and method of making the same |
AU766286B2 (en) * | 2000-03-10 | 2003-10-16 | Oberthur Gaming Technologies Inc. | Security enchanced document and method making the same |
US7294379B2 (en) | 2002-03-07 | 2007-11-13 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Color changing device for time indicating label and methods of making and using the same |
US10830753B2 (en) | 2014-12-19 | 2020-11-10 | Stryker Corporation | Composite material with failure detection properties |
US11254112B2 (en) | 2019-07-31 | 2022-02-22 | Stryker Corporation | Cover with wear detection properties |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10285885B2 (en) | 2015-12-23 | 2019-05-14 | Stryker Corporation | Medical apparatus cover |
JP7413156B2 (en) | 2020-06-15 | 2024-01-15 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Image forming method, device and program |
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1998
- 1998-03-03 EP EP98907706A patent/EP1011988A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-03-03 AU AU63452/98A patent/AU745990B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-03-03 WO PCT/US1998/004096 patent/WO1998039164A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-03-03 CA CA002283451A patent/CA2283451A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-03-03 JP JP53868398A patent/JP2001511728A/en active Pending
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1277501A1 (en) * | 1998-10-01 | 2003-01-22 | Oberthur Gaming Technologies, Inc. | Security enhanced document and method of making the same |
AU766286B2 (en) * | 2000-03-10 | 2003-10-16 | Oberthur Gaming Technologies Inc. | Security enchanced document and method making the same |
AU766286C (en) * | 2000-03-10 | 2004-04-29 | Oberthur Gaming Technologies Inc. | Security enchanced document and method making the same |
US7294379B2 (en) | 2002-03-07 | 2007-11-13 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Color changing device for time indicating label and methods of making and using the same |
US10830753B2 (en) | 2014-12-19 | 2020-11-10 | Stryker Corporation | Composite material with failure detection properties |
US11254112B2 (en) | 2019-07-31 | 2022-02-22 | Stryker Corporation | Cover with wear detection properties |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2001511728A (en) | 2001-08-14 |
AU745990B2 (en) | 2002-04-11 |
AU6345298A (en) | 1998-09-22 |
EP1011988A4 (en) | 2006-02-08 |
EP1011988A1 (en) | 2000-06-28 |
CA2283451A1 (en) | 1998-09-11 |
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