WO1998009586A1 - Zwischenwirbel-implantat - Google Patents

Zwischenwirbel-implantat Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998009586A1
WO1998009586A1 PCT/CH1996/000303 CH9600303W WO9809586A1 WO 1998009586 A1 WO1998009586 A1 WO 1998009586A1 CH 9600303 W CH9600303 W CH 9600303W WO 9809586 A1 WO9809586 A1 WO 9809586A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
implant
implant according
ceramic material
intervertebral
base surface
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CH1996/000303
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
John Webb
Inga Maren Knothe
Thomas Haefeli
Alfred Benoit
Original Assignee
Synthes Ag Chur
Synthes (U.S.A)
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Synthes Ag Chur, Synthes (U.S.A) filed Critical Synthes Ag Chur
Priority to JP10512080A priority Critical patent/JP2000517221A/ja
Priority to PCT/CH1996/000303 priority patent/WO1998009586A1/de
Priority to CA002264720A priority patent/CA2264720C/en
Priority to EP96927498A priority patent/EP0927011B1/de
Priority to DE59610079T priority patent/DE59610079D1/de
Priority to US09/254,206 priority patent/US6503279B1/en
Priority to AT96927498T priority patent/ATE231370T1/de
Publication of WO1998009586A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998009586A1/de
Priority to HK99105975A priority patent/HK1020669A1/xx
Priority to US10/337,267 priority patent/US6843805B2/en

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/50Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • A61L27/56Porous materials, e.g. foams or sponges
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/4465Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs for the fusion of spinal bodies, e.g. intervertebral fusion of adjacent spinal bodies, e.g. fusion cages having a circular or kidney shaped cross-section substantially perpendicular to the axis of the spine
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S606/912Radiolucent material

Definitions

  • intervertebral implants are used in the fusion of vertebral bodies - after removal of the intervertebral disc - in particular in the area of the lumbar spine.
  • One to two implants are used per intervertebral space.
  • Another major advantage is the x-ray transparency of the implant, which avoids disruptive effects when assessing the surrounding bony structures.
  • the intervertebral implant can be designed either as a prismatic or cylindrical body.
  • the porosity of the ceramic material is at most 9% by volume, preferably at most 5% by volume. Thanks to the reduced porosity of the implant, there is high compressive strength, which is a basic requirement, especially in the lumbar region of the spine. The largest possible pressure-stable contact area from end plate to implant is important here.
  • the wall thickness of the annular intervertebral implant should therefore be at least 4 mm, preferably at least 6 mm, in order to prevent the implant from sinking into the end plates.
  • the density of the ceramic material is more than 2.8, preferably more than 3.1, which further improves the compressive strength of the implant.
  • the implant is preferably designed as a hollow circular cylinder in order to enable the introduction of the body's own bone chips or similar biocompatible materials and thus to promote rapid fusion of the implant.
  • the top surface and / or the base surface of the implant is not planar, but has grooves and / or elevations running transversely to the cylinder axis of the implant.
  • This three-dimensional structuring of the top and base areas enables primary anchoring immediately after the implant has been introduced into the intervertebral space, which increases the positional stability of the implant or the rotational stability of the adjacent vertebral bodies.
  • the three-dimensional structuring is preferably in the form of "waves" (elevations or stiffeners with pronounced radii) in the longitudinal and transverse directions.
  • the usual ceramic materials already tested in medicine with the porosity defined according to the invention are suitable, polycrystalline ceramics in which the foreign phase fraction is less than 3, preferably less than 2, being particularly preferred % By weight.
  • the compressive strength of the ceramic material is expediently 400-600 MPa, preferably 450-550 MPa.
  • the intervertebral implant shown in the single figure consists essentially of a hollow cylinder with an inner space 8, longitudinal axis 3, top surface 1 and base area 2.
  • the intervertebral implant essentially consists of a polycrystalline, ceramic material.
  • the ceramic material has a porosity of 5% by volume, the pores being filled with air.
  • the pore size is less than 100 ⁇ m, preferably less than 50 ⁇ m.
  • the top surface 1 and the base surface 2 are arranged tapering towards one another and are slightly convexly curved outwards.
  • the implant shown in the single figure is filled with bone chips (bone graft or bone substitute material), possibly with compression thereof, gripped with a suitable instrument inserted into the perforation 7 and under With the help of a distraction instrument introduced into the cleared intervertebral space.
  • bone chips bone graft or bone substitute material

Abstract

Das hohlzylinderförmige Zwischenwirbel-Implantat mit der Längsachse (3), der Deckfläche (1) und der Grundfläche (2) besteht im wesentlichen aus einem keramischen Werkstoff, der eine Porosität von höchstens 30 Vol.-% aufweist und dessen Poren mit Luft gefüllt sind. Das erfindungsgemässe Implantat zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass es - nach erfolgter Primärfusion - die Distanz (entsprechend der Bandscheibenhöhe) zwischen den beiden Wirbelkörpern während des Resorptionsprozesses - bei gleichzeitig adäquater Fusion - ausgleicht und nach einer bestimmten Zeit vom Körper resorbiert wird.

Description

Zwischenwirbel-Implantat
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Zwischenwirbel-Implantat gemass dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.
Solche Zwischenwirbel-Implantate werden bei der Fusion von Wirbelkörpern - nach der Entfernung der dazwischenliegenden Bandscheibe - eingesetzt, insbesondere im Bereich der lumbalen Wirbelsäule. Pro Zwischenwirbelraum werden ein bis zwei Implantate verwendet .
Aus der EP-B 346.269 FUHRMANN ET AL . ist bereits ein Zwischenwirbelimplantat bekannt, bei dem die nach aussen weisenden Stirn- und Seiten-Oberflächen des Implantats aus Hydroxyl-Apatit oder keramischem HIP-Material beschichtet sind. Nachteilig bei diesem bekannten Implantat ist der Umstand, dass der Grundkörper des Implantats aus üblichen nicht-keramischen und damit auch nich -resorbierbaren Materialien besteht.
Aus der US-A-5 306 303 LYNCH ist bereits ein Zwischenwirbelimplantat bekannt, welches vollständig aus einem porösen keramischen Material besteht. Nachteilig bei diesem bekannten Implantat ist jedoch einerseits die geringe Druckstabilität , die sich aus der relativ hohen Porosität ergibt und anderseits, dass sich das Implantat nicht mit Knochenspänen füllen lässt, um eine schnellere Knochen-Einbettung zu erzielen.
Aus der EP 505 634 OKA et al . ist schliesslich ein weiteres Zwischenwirbelimplantat bekannt, welches aus einem porösen Keramik-Grundkörper mit in den Poren eingelagertem Hydrogel besteht. Auch bei diesem bekannten Implantat ist, wegen seiner mit Hydrogel gefüllten Poren, die Druckstabilität ungenügend.
Hier will die Erfindung Abhilfe schaffen. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Zwischenwirbel- Implantat zu schaffen, welches den verschiedenen Krafteinwirkungen an der Wirbelsäule standhalten kann und eine genügend grosse Auflage an den Endplatten aufweist, um ein Einsinken derselben zu verhindern. Es soll zudem eine möglichst rasche Fusion der beiden Wirbelkörper und eine rasche Inkorporation des Implantats ermöglichen unter Berücksichtigung der Höhe, welche die Bandscheibe vor deren Entfernung einnahm. In einem nächsten Schritt soll sich das Implantat vollständig (oder annähernd vollständig) durch körpereigenen Knochen ersetzen können.
Zur Lösung dieses Problems ist das eingangs genannte Implantat durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 weitergebildet . Damit ist der Vorteil erzielbar, dass das erfindungsgemässe Implantat - nach der erfolgten Primärfusion - die Distanz (entsprechend der Bandscheibenhöhe) zwischen den beiden Wirbelkörpern während des Resorptionsprozesses - bei gleichzeitig adäquater Fusion - ausgleicht und dass das Implantat nach einer bestimmten Zeit, wegen der auftretenden Resorption, im Körper nicht mehr nachweisbar ist.
Ein weiterer wesentlicher Vorteil ergibt sich auch aus der Röntgentransparenz des Implantats, welche störende Effekte bei der Beurteilung der umliegenden knöchernen Strukturen vermeidet ..
Das Zwischenwirbelimplantat kann entweder als prismatischer oder zylindrischer Körper ausgebildet sein. Gem ss einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung der Erfindung beträgt die Porosität des keramischen Werkstoffs höchstens 9 Vol.-%, vorzugsweise höchstens 5 Vol.- . Dank der verringerten Porosität des Implantats ergibt sich eine hohe Druckfestigkeit, was vor allem im lumbalen Bereich der Wirbelsäule eine Grundvoraussetzung bildet. Eine möglichst grosse druckstabile Kontaktfläche von Endplatte zu Implantat ist hier wichtig. Deshalb sollte die Wandstärke des ringförmigen Zwischenwirbel -Implantats mindestens 4 mm, vorzugsweise mindestens 6 mm betragen, um einem Einsinken des Implantats in die Endplatten vorzubeugen. Bei einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausfuhrungsform der Erfindung beträgt die Dichte des keramischen Werstoffs mehr als 2,8, vorzugsweise mehr als 3,1, was die Druckfestigkeit des Implantats weiter verbessert.
Vorzugsweise ist das Implantat als hohler Kreiszylinder ausgebildet, um das Einbringen von körpereigenen Knochenspänen oder ähnlichen biokompatiblen Materialien zu ermöglichen und somit einer raschen Fusion des Implantats Vorschub zu leisten.
Gemass einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausfuhrungsform der Erfindung ist die Deckfläche und/oder die Grundfläche des Implantats nicht planar ausgebildet, sondern weist quer zur Zylinderachse des Implantats verlaufenden Rillen und/oder Erhöhungen auf. Diese dreidimensionale Strukturierung der Deck- und Grundfläche ermöglich direkt nach dem Einführung des Implantats in den Zwischenwirbelraum eine Primärverankerung, womit die Lagestabilität des Implantats , bzw. die Rotationεstabilität der benachbarten Wirbelkörper erhöht wird. Die dreidimensionale Strukturierung ist vorzugsweise in Form von "Wellen" (Erhöhungen, bzw. Versteifungen mit ausgeprägten Radien) in Längs- und Querrichtung ausgebildet.
Je nach Anwendungsbereich des Implantats ist die Deckfläche und/oder die Grundflächen parallel oder keilförmig zueinander zulaufend angeordnet, um in jedem Bereich der Wirbelsäule die Kurvenbildung adäquat nachformen zu können (Lordose, Kyphose) . Das Implantat besitzt vorzugsweise eine nach aussen gewölbte konvexe Deckfläche und/oder Grundfläche, welche der konkaven Formgebung der natürlichen Wirbelkörper-Endplatten angeglichen ist, um eine bessere Kontaktzone zwischen Implantat und Endplatten zu erreichen.
Vorzugsweise weist der Mantel des Zwischenwirbel -Implantats eine oder mehrere Perforationen auf, welche primär der Aufnahme eines Instrumentes zur Manipulation des Implantats dienen. Die Perforationen können sowohl an der anterioren Seite des Implantats, als auch in der lateralen Zone des Implantats angebracht werden. Im weiteren dienen die Perforationen in der Mantelfläche zur Förderung der primären knöchernen Durchbauung des Implantats.
Die Lagestabilität des Implantats kann noch dadurch verbessert werden, dass der Mantel des Zwischenwirbel -Implantat mit einer feinen dreidimensionalen Strukturierung versehen wird, welche das Anwachsen des Knochens in einer frühen Phase fördert . Diese Feinεtrukturierung ist vorzugsweise 0,5 - 1,0 mm tief bei einer Rillenbreite von 0,5 - 1,0 mm. Die Anordnung der Strukturierung kann über die gesamte Mantelfläche erfolgen.
Für das erfindungsgemässe Implantat eignen sich die üblichen in der Medizin bereits erprobten keramischen Materialien mit der erfindungsgemäss definierten Porosität, wobei insbesondere polykristalline Keramiken bevorzugt werden, bei welchen der Fremdphasenanteil kleiner als 3 vorzugsweise kleiner als 2 Gew.-% ist. Die Druckfestigkeit des keramischen Werkstoffs beträgt zweckmässigerweise 400 - 600 MPa, vorzugsweise 450 - 550 MPa.
Die Erfindung und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung werden im folgenden anhand der teilweise schematischen Darstellungen eines Ausführungsbeispiels noch näher erläutert.
Die einzige Figur zeigt :
Eine perspektivische Darstellung des erfindungsgemässen Implantats .
Das in der einzigen Figur dargestellte Zwischenwirbel -Implantat besteht im wesentlichen aus einem Hohlzylinder mit Innenraum 8, Längsachse 3, Deckfläche 1 und Grundfläche 2. Das Zwischenwirbel -Implantat besteht im wesentlichen aus einem polykristallinen, keramischen Werkstoff. Der keramische Werkstoff weist eine Porosität von 5 Vol.-% auf, wobei die Poren mit Luft gefüllt sind. Die Porenweite ist kleiner als 100 μm, vorzugsweise kleiner als 50 μm.
Der Fremdphasenanteil des keramischen Materials beträgt 1,5 Gew.-%. Die Druckfestigkeit des keramischen Werkstoffs beträgt 500 MPa. Die Deck- und Grundflächen 1,2 sind für den Knochenkontakt zu den Deckplatten zweier Wirbelkörper bestimmt und entsprechend ausgebildet. Die Wandstärke des Zwischenwirbel -Implantats beträgt 7 mm und die Dichte des keramischen Werkstoffs beträgt 3,2. Die Deckfläche 1 und die Grundfläche 2 sind nicht planar ausgebildet, sondern sind mit einer Anzahl quer (d.h. radial) zur Längsachse 3 verlaufender Rillen 4 und Erhöhungen 5 versehen.
Die Deckfläche 1 und die Grundfläche 2 sind zueinander keilförmig zulaufend angeordnet und sind leicht nach aussen konvex gewölbt .
Im Mantel 6 des Zwischenwirbel-Implantats ist anterior eine Perforation 7 vorgesehen, welche der Aufnahme eines Manipulations- Instrumentes dient. Der Mantel ist ferner mit einer dreidimensionalen Strukturierung 9 versehen, welche eine Tiefe von 0,75 mm aufweist.
Nachstehend wird nun die klinische Anwendung des erfindungε- gemässen Zwischenwirbelimplantats im Detail beschrieben.
Das in der einzigen Figur gezeigte Implantat wird mit Knochenspänen (bone graft oder Knochenersatzmaterial) , eventuell unter Komprimierung derselben, gefüllt, mit einem geeigneten in die Perforation 7 eingeführten Instrument gefasst und unter Zuhilfenahme eines Distraktionsinstrumentes in den ausgeräumten Zwischenwirbelraum eingeführt .

Claims

Patentansprüche
1. Zwischenwirbel-Implantat prismatischer oder zylindrischer Gestalt mit der Längsachse (3) , dessen Deckfläche (1) und Grundfläche (2) für den Knochenkontakt zu den Deckplatten zweier Wirbelkörper bestimmt sind, wobei das Zwischenwirbel -Implantat im wesentlichen aus einem keramischen Werkstoff besteht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
A) der keramische Werkstoff eine Porosität von höchstens 30 Vol.-% aufweist und
B) die Poren des keramischen Werkstoffs mit Luft gefüllt sind.
2. Implantat nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Porosität des keramischen Werstoffs höchstens 9 Vol.-%, vorzugsweise höchstens 5 Vol.-% beträgt.
3. Implantat nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wandstärke des Zwischenwirbel -Implantats mindestens 4 mm, vorzugsweise mindestens 6 mm beträgt.
4. Implantat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dichte des keramischen Werεtoffs grösser als 2,8, vorzugsweise grösser als 3,1 ist.
5. Implantat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Zwischenwirbel -Implantat als hohler Kreiszylinder mit der Längsachse (3) ausgebildet ist.
6. Implantat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Deckfläche (l) und/oder die Grundfläche (2) nicht planar ausgebildet ist und vorzugsweise mit quer zur Längsachse (3) verlaufenden Rillen (4) und/oder Erhöhungen (5) versehen ist.
7. Implantat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Deckfläche (1) und die Grundfläche (2) parallel zueinander angeordnet sind.
8. Implantat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Deckfläche (1) und die Grundfläche (2) keilförmig zueinander zulaufend angeordnet sind.
9. Implantat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Deckfläche (1) und/oder die Grundfläche (2) nach aussen konvex gewölbt ist.
10. Implantat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mantel (6) des Zwischenwirbel- Implantats mit einer oder mehreren Perforationen (7) versehen ist.
11. Implantat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mantel (6) des Zwischenwirbel -Implantat mit einer dreidimensionalen Strukturierung (9) versehen ist, vorzugsweise mit einer Tiefe der Strukturierung von 0,5 - 1,0 mm.
12. Implantat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das keramische Material polykristallin ist.
13. Implantat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das keramische Material einen Fremdphasenanteil von kleiner als 3 vorzugsweise kleiner als 2 Gew. -% aufweist .
14. Implantat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Druckfestigkeit des keramischen Werkstoffs 400 - 600 MPa, vorzugsweise 450 - 550 MPa beträgt.
15. Implantat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Porenweite kleiner als 100 μm, vorzugsweise kleiner als 50 μm ist.
16. Implantat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der keramische Werkstoff röntgentransparent ist.
PCT/CH1996/000303 1996-09-04 1996-09-04 Zwischenwirbel-implantat WO1998009586A1 (de)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP10512080A JP2000517221A (ja) 1996-09-04 1996-09-04 椎間移植体
PCT/CH1996/000303 WO1998009586A1 (de) 1996-09-04 1996-09-04 Zwischenwirbel-implantat
CA002264720A CA2264720C (en) 1996-09-04 1996-09-04 Intervertebral implant
EP96927498A EP0927011B1 (de) 1996-09-04 1996-09-04 Zwischenwirbel-implantat
DE59610079T DE59610079D1 (de) 1996-09-04 1996-09-04 Zwischenwirbel-implantat
US09/254,206 US6503279B1 (en) 1996-09-04 1996-09-04 Intervertebral implant
AT96927498T ATE231370T1 (de) 1996-09-04 1996-09-04 Zwischenwirbel-implantat
HK99105975A HK1020669A1 (en) 1996-09-04 1999-12-20 Intervertebral implant
US10/337,267 US6843805B2 (en) 1996-09-04 2003-01-07 Intervertebral implant

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CH1996/000303 WO1998009586A1 (de) 1996-09-04 1996-09-04 Zwischenwirbel-implantat
US09/254,206 US6503279B1 (en) 1996-09-04 1996-09-04 Intervertebral implant
US10/337,267 US6843805B2 (en) 1996-09-04 2003-01-07 Intervertebral implant

Related Child Applications (3)

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US09254206 A-371-Of-International 1996-09-04
US09/254,206 A-371-Of-International US6503279B1 (en) 1996-09-04 1996-09-04 Intervertebral implant
US10/337,267 Continuation US6843805B2 (en) 1996-09-04 2003-01-07 Intervertebral implant

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WO1998009586A1 true WO1998009586A1 (de) 1998-03-12

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US (2) US6503279B1 (de)
EP (1) EP0927011B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2000517221A (de)
AT (1) ATE231370T1 (de)
DE (1) DE59610079D1 (de)
WO (1) WO1998009586A1 (de)

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DE59610079D1 (de) 2003-02-27
EP0927011A1 (de) 1999-07-07
US20030114932A1 (en) 2003-06-19
ATE231370T1 (de) 2003-02-15
US6503279B1 (en) 2003-01-07
US6843805B2 (en) 2005-01-18
EP0927011B1 (de) 2003-01-22
JP2000517221A (ja) 2000-12-26

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