WO1998007321A1 - Method for inhibiting the expression of fas - Google Patents

Method for inhibiting the expression of fas Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998007321A1
WO1998007321A1 PCT/US1997/014792 US9714792W WO9807321A1 WO 1998007321 A1 WO1998007321 A1 WO 1998007321A1 US 9714792 W US9714792 W US 9714792W WO 9807321 A1 WO9807321 A1 WO 9807321A1
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Prior art keywords
carbon atoms
hydrogen
lower alkyl
adrenoceptor
oxygen
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1997/014792
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Giora Zeev Feuerstein
Tian-Li Yue
Original Assignee
Boehringer Mannheim Pharmaceuticals Corporation-Smithkline Beckman Corporation Limited Partnership No. 1
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Boehringer Mannheim Pharmaceuticals Corporation-Smithkline Beckman Corporation Limited Partnership No. 1 filed Critical Boehringer Mannheim Pharmaceuticals Corporation-Smithkline Beckman Corporation Limited Partnership No. 1
Priority to EP97938525A priority Critical patent/EP0924985A4/en
Priority to AU40830/97A priority patent/AU4083097A/en
Priority to US09/242,595 priority patent/US6096777A/en
Priority to JP51099998A priority patent/JP2001504804A/en
Priority to BR9711228-3A priority patent/BR9711228A/en
Priority to CA002264178A priority patent/CA2264178A1/en
Priority to NZ334307A priority patent/NZ334307A/en
Priority to IL12861397A priority patent/IL128613A/en
Priority to CZ99591A priority patent/CZ59199A3/en
Publication of WO1998007321A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998007321A1/en
Priority to NO990792A priority patent/NO990792L/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
    • A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A61P35/04—Antineoplastic agents specific for metastasis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a new method of treatment using compounds which are dual non-selective ⁇ -adrenoceptor and ⁇ -adrenoceptor antagonists, in particular the carbazolyl-(4)-oxypropanola ⁇ une compounds of
  • Formula I preferably carvedilol, for inhibiting the expression of Fas, a cell surface protein
  • Fas ligand is a cytokine It is one of the few known cytokines that is a death factor This ligand binds to its receptor, Fas, a cell-surface protein, and induces apoptosis (cell death).
  • FasL Fas ligand
  • Many tissues and cell lines weakly express Fas, but abundant expression has been found in mouse heart, liver, lung, kidney, ovary and thymus (R. Watanabe-Fukunaga, et al., J.
  • Fas and FasL are involved in down-regulation of immune reactions as well as in T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Malfunction of the Fas system causes lymphoprohferative disorders and accelerates autoimmune diseases, whereas its exacerbation may cause tissue destruction (S. Nagata, et al., Science, 267, 1449- 1456 ( 1995)).
  • carvedilol a dual non-selective ⁇ - adrenoceptor and c -adrenoceptor antagonist, inhibits the expression of Fas.
  • This inhibition may mean that carvedilol and related Formula I compounds are useful for diseases wherein inhibition of Fas-mediated apoptosis is indicated Particularly, thus inhibition may mean that carvedilol and related Formula I compounds are useful for blocking ischemia-induced apoptosis in cardiac cells, for preventing or inhibiting tissue remodeling, in particular in cardiac tissue and blood vessels, for treating autoimmune diseases, and for inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis Summary of the Invention
  • the present invention relates to a new method of treatment using compounds which are dual non-selective ⁇ -adrenoceptor and cq -adrenoceptor antagonists, in particular the carbazolyl-(4)-oxypropanolamine compounds of
  • Formula I preferably carvedilol, for inhibiting the expression of Fas.
  • the invention also relates to a method of treatment using compounds which are dual non-selective ⁇ -adrenoceptor and cq -adrenoceptor antagonists, in particular the carbazolyl-(4)- oxypropanolamine compounds of Formula I, preferably carvedilol, for inhibiting apoptosis.
  • this invention relates to a method of treatment using compounds which are dual non-selective ⁇ -adrenoceptor and cq -adrenoceptor antagonists, in particular the carbazolyl-(4)-oxypropanolamine compounds of Formula I, preferably carvedilol, for diseases wherein inhibition of Fas-mediated apoptosis is indicated.
  • this invention is directed to the use of Formula I compounds, preferably carvedilol, to specifically induce Fas-mediated apoptosis of undesirable cells, such as cancer or autoreactive immune cells.
  • the Formula I compounds, preferably carvedilol are used to prevent cell depletion in AIDS or neurodegenerative diseases.
  • This invention also relates to a method of treatment using compounds which are dual non-selective ⁇ -adrenoceptor and cq -adrenoceptor antagonists, in particular the carbazolyl-(4)-oxypropanolamine compounds of Formula I, preferably carvedilol, for preventing or inhibiting tissue remodeling, in particular in cardiac tissue and blood vessels.
  • the present method includes the use of compounds which are dual non-selective ⁇ -adrenoceptor and cq -adrenoceptor antagonists, in particular the carbazolyl-(4)-oxypropanolamine compounds of Formula I, preferably carvedilol, to block ischemia-induced apoptosis in cardiac cells.
  • Fas using compounds which are dual non-selective ⁇ -adrenoceptor and cq- adrenoceptor antagonists Preferably, this invention provides a new method for inhibiting the expression of Fas using compounds of Formula I:
  • R7-R13 are independently -H or-OH; and A is a moiety of Formula II:
  • R* is hydrogen, lower alkanoyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or aroyl selected from benzoyl and naphthoyl;
  • R2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or arylalkyl selected from benzyl, phenylethyl and phenylpropyl;
  • R3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms
  • R4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, or when X is oxygen, R4 together with R5 can represent -CH2-O-
  • X is a single bond, -CH2, oxygen or sulfur;
  • Ar is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl and tetrahydronaphthyl; R5 and R ⁇ are individually selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, hydroxyl, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, a
  • R5 and Rg together represent methylenedioxy; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • the present invention provides a new method for inhibiting the expression of Fas using compounds of Formula III:
  • Rj is hydrogen, lower alkanoyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or aroyl selected from benzoyl and naphthoyl;
  • R2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or arylalkyl selected from benzyl, phenylethyl and phenylpropyl;
  • R3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms
  • R4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, or when X is oxygen, R4 together with R5 can represent -CH2-O-
  • X is a single bond, -CH2, oxygen or sulfur;
  • AT is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl and tetrahydronaphthyl; R5 and R are individually selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, hydroxyl, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, a -
  • CONH2- group lower alkoxy of up to 6 carbon atoms, benzyloxy, lower alkylthio of up to 6 carbon atoms, lower alkysulphinyl of up to 6 carbon atoms and lower alkylsulphonyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; or R5 and Rg together represent methylenedioxy; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • the present invention provides a new method for inhibiting the expression of Fas using a compound of Formula IV, better known as carvedilol or ( 1 -(carbazol-4-yloxy-3-[[2-(o-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino]-2-propanol):
  • the compounds of the present invention are novel multiple action drugs useful in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension.
  • Carvedilol is known to be both a competitive non-selective ⁇ -adrenoceptor antagonist and a vasodilator, and is also a calcium channel antagonist at higher concentrations.
  • the vasodilatory actions of carvedilol result primarily from o -adrenoceptor blockade, whereas the ⁇ -adrenoceptor blocking activity of the drug prevents reflex tachycardia when used in the treatment of hypertension.
  • These multiple actions of carvedilol are responsible for the antihypertensive efficacy of the drug in animals, particularly in humans. See Willette, R.N., Sauermelch, C.F.
  • the antihypertensive action of carvedilol is mediated primarily by decreasing total peripheral vascular resistance without causing the concomitant reflex changes in heart rate commonly associated with other antihypertensive agents.
  • Carvedilol also markedly reduces infarct size in rat, canine and porcine models of acute myocardial infarction, Ruffolo, R.R., Jr., et al., Drugs of Today, supra, possibly as a consequence of its antioxidant action in attenuating oxygen free radical-initiated lipid peroxidation. Yue, T.-L., et al. supra.
  • the compounds of Formula I preferably carvedilol
  • the compounds of Formula I can be used to treat diseases wherein inhibition or control of Fas- mediated apoptosis is indicated.
  • the compounds of the current invention preferably carvedilol
  • the compounds of the current invention can be used for blocking ischemia-induced apoptosis in cardiac cells, for preventing or inhibiting tissue remodeling, in particular m cardiac tissue and blood vessels, for treating autoimmune diseases, and for inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis.
  • the Formula I compounds, preferably carvedilol are used to prevent cell depletion in AIDS or neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Some of the compounds of Formula I are known to be metabolites of carvedilol.
  • Certain preferred compounds of the present invention that is, the compounds of Formula I wherein A is the moiety of Formula II wherein RI is -H, R2 is -H, R3 is -H, R4 is -H, X is O, Ar is phenyl, R5 is ortho -OH, and R6 is -H. and one of R7, R9, or R 10 is -OH, are metabolites of carvedilol.
  • compositions of the compounds of Formula I may be administered to patients according to the present invention in any medically acceptable manner, preferably orally.
  • the pharmaceutical composition will be in the form of a sterile injectable liquid stored in a suitable container such as an ampoule, or in the form of an aqueous or nonaqueous liquid suspension.
  • suitable container such as an ampoule
  • the nature and composition of the pharmaceutical carrier, diluent or excipient will, of course, depend on the intended route of administration, for example whether by intravenous or intramuscular injection
  • Pharmaceutical compositions of the compounds of Formula I for use according to the present invention may be formulated as solutions or lyophilized powders for parenteral administration.
  • Powders may be reconstituted by addition of a suitable diluent or other pharmaceutically acceptable carrier prior to use.
  • the liquid formulation is generally a buffered, isotonic, aqueous solution.
  • suitable diluents are normal isotonic saline solution, standard 5% dextrose in water or buffered sodium or ammonium acetate solution.
  • Such formulation is especially suitable for parenteral administration, but may also be used for oral administration or contained in a metered dose inhaler or nebulizer for insufflation.
  • excipients such as ethanol, polyvinyi-pyrrolidone, gelatin, hydroxy cellulose, acacia, polyethylene glycol, mannitol, sodium chloride or sodium citrate.
  • these compounds may be encapsulated, tableted or prepared in a emulsion or syrup for oral administration.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable solid or liquid carriers may be added to enhance or stabilize the composition, or to facilitate preparation of the composition.
  • Liquid carriers include syrup, peanut oil, olive oil, glycerin, saline, ethanol, and water.
  • Solid carriers include starch, lactose, calcium sulfate dihydrate, terra alba, magnesium stearate or stearic acid, talc, pectin, acacia, agar or gelatin.
  • the carrier may also include a sustained release material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate, alone or with a wax.
  • the amount of solid carrier varies but, preferably, will be between about 20 mg to about 1 g per dosage unit.
  • the pharmaceutical preparations are made following the conventional techniques of pharmacy involving milling, mixing, granulating, and compressing, when necessary, for tablet forms; or milling, mixing and filling for hard gelatin capsule forms.
  • the preparation When a liquid carrier is used, the preparation will be in the form of a syrup, elixir, emulsion or an aqueous or non-aqueous suspension Such a liquid formulation may be administered directly p.o. or filled into a soft gelatin capsule.
  • Dosing in humans for the treatment of disease according to the present invention should not exceed a dosage range of from about 3 125 to about 50 mg of the compounds of Formula I, particularly carvedilol, preferably given twice daily
  • the patient should be started on a low dosage regimen of the desired compound of Formula I, particularly carvedilol, and momtered for well-known symptoms of intolerance, e.g , fainting, to such compound.
  • the patient should be brought slowly and incrementally up to the maintenance dose.
  • the choice of initial dosage most approp ⁇ ate for the particular patient is determined by the practitioner using well-known medical principles, including, but not limited to, body weight.
  • the dosage is doubled at the end of the two weeks and the patient is maintained at the new, higher dosage for two more weeks, and observed for signs of intolerance. This course is continued until the patient is brought to a maintenance dose
  • compositions of this invention will vary according to the particular composition formulated, the mode of administration, the particular site of administration and the host being treated
  • Heart tissue was fixed in NBF for 24-48 hr at 4 ⁇ C and cut longitudinally into 2-3 mm-thick piece. Following standard histological processing and embedding in paraffin, 5 ⁇ m-thick sections were prepared for immunoperoxidase staining using the Vectastain ABC kit (Vector Laboratories) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Briefly, endogenous peroxidase was quenched with 0.3% H2O2 in methanol for 30 minutes. Nonspecific immunoglobulin binding sites were blocked with normal goat serum for 1 hour and then the sections were incubated with the primary antibody (mouse anti-FAS, 2 ⁇ g/ml, Upstate Biotechnology) for 1 hour at room temperature.
  • the primary antibody mouse anti-FAS, 2 ⁇ g/ml, Upstate Biotechnology
  • the sections were then incubated for 30 minutes with a biotinylated goat anti-mouse IgM secondary antibody ( 1 :200, Vector Laboratories) followed by 30 minutes of incubation with the Vectastain ABC reagent solution. Immunoglobulin complexes were visualized upon incubation with 3,3'- diaminobenzidine (DAB, Vector Laboratories) at 0.5 mg ml in 50 rnM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4 and 3% H2O2. DAB staining was enhanced by treating the sections for 10 seconds with DAB Enhancing Solution (Vector Laboratories). Sections were washed, counterstained with Gill's Hematoxylin, cleared, mounted with Aquamount (Poly sciences), and then examined by light microscopy.
  • DAB 3,3'- diaminobenzidine

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Abstract

The present invention provides a method for inhibiting the expression of Fas which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of a compound which is a dual non-selective β-adrenoceptor and α1-adrenoceptor antagonist.

Description

METHOD FOR INHIBITING THE EXPRESSION OF FAS
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a new method of treatment using compounds which are dual non-selective β-adrenoceptor and \ -adrenoceptor antagonists, in particular the carbazolyl-(4)-oxypropanolaπune compounds of
Formula I, preferably carvedilol, for inhibiting the expression of Fas, a cell surface protein
Background of the Invention Cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival are often regulated by growth, differentiation, and survival factors, respectively, which are collectively called cytokines Cytokines bind to their complementary receptors, which transduce the extracellular signal into an mtracellular signaling cascade. Fas ligand (FasL) is a cytokine It is one of the few known cytokines that is a death factor This ligand binds to its receptor, Fas, a cell-surface protein, and induces apoptosis (cell death). Many tissues and cell lines weakly express Fas, but abundant expression has been found in mouse heart, liver, lung, kidney, ovary and thymus (R. Watanabe-Fukunaga, et al., J. Immunol, 148, 1274-1279 (1992)). In the immune system, Fas and FasL are involved in down-regulation of immune reactions as well as in T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Malfunction of the Fas system causes lymphoprohferative disorders and accelerates autoimmune diseases, whereas its exacerbation may cause tissue destruction (S. Nagata, et al., Science, 267, 1449- 1456 ( 1995)).
Surprisingly, it has been found that carvedilol, a dual non-selective β- adrenoceptor and c -adrenoceptor antagonist, inhibits the expression of Fas. This inhibition may mean that carvedilol and related Formula I compounds are useful for diseases wherein inhibition of Fas-mediated apoptosis is indicated Particularly, thus inhibition may mean that carvedilol and related Formula I compounds are useful for blocking ischemia-induced apoptosis in cardiac cells, for preventing or inhibiting tissue remodeling, in particular in cardiac tissue and blood vessels, for treating autoimmune diseases, and for inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis Summary of the Invention
The present invention relates to a new method of treatment using compounds which are dual non-selective β-adrenoceptor and cq -adrenoceptor antagonists, in particular the carbazolyl-(4)-oxypropanolamine compounds of
Formula I, preferably carvedilol, for inhibiting the expression of Fas. The invention also relates to a method of treatment using compounds which are dual non-selective β-adrenoceptor and cq -adrenoceptor antagonists, in particular the carbazolyl-(4)- oxypropanolamine compounds of Formula I, preferably carvedilol, for inhibiting apoptosis. Furthermore, this invention relates to a method of treatment using compounds which are dual non-selective β-adrenoceptor and cq -adrenoceptor antagonists, in particular the carbazolyl-(4)-oxypropanolamine compounds of Formula I, preferably carvedilol, for diseases wherein inhibition of Fas-mediated apoptosis is indicated. In particular, this invention is directed to the use of Formula I compounds, preferably carvedilol, to specifically induce Fas-mediated apoptosis of undesirable cells, such as cancer or autoreactive immune cells. Additionally, when control of aberrant forms of Fas activation is desired, the Formula I compounds, preferably carvedilol, are used to prevent cell depletion in AIDS or neurodegenerative diseases. This invention also relates to a method of treatment using compounds which are dual non-selective β-adrenoceptor and cq -adrenoceptor antagonists, in particular the carbazolyl-(4)-oxypropanolamine compounds of Formula I, preferably carvedilol, for preventing or inhibiting tissue remodeling, in particular in cardiac tissue and blood vessels. The present method includes the use of compounds which are dual non-selective β-adrenoceptor and cq -adrenoceptor antagonists, in particular the carbazolyl-(4)-oxypropanolamine compounds of Formula I, preferably carvedilol, to block ischemia-induced apoptosis in cardiac cells.
Detailed Description of the Invention The present invention provides a new method for inhibiting the expression of
Fas using compounds which are dual non-selective β-adrenoceptor and cq- adrenoceptor antagonists. Preferably, this invention provides a new method for inhibiting the expression of Fas using compounds of Formula I:
Figure imgf000005_0001
(I) wherein:
R7-R13 are independently -H or-OH; and A is a moiety of Formula II:
Figure imgf000005_0002
(ID wherein: R* is hydrogen, lower alkanoyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or aroyl selected from benzoyl and naphthoyl;
R2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or arylalkyl selected from benzyl, phenylethyl and phenylpropyl;
R3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; R4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, or when X is oxygen, R4 together with R5 can represent -CH2-O-; X is a single bond, -CH2, oxygen or sulfur;
Ar is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl and tetrahydronaphthyl; R5 and Rβ are individually selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, hydroxyl, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, a
-CONH2- group, lower alkoxy of up to 6 carbon atoms, benzyloxy, lower alkylthio of up to 6 carbon atoms, lower alkysulphinyl of up to 6 carbon atoms and lower alkylsulphonyi of up to 6 carbon atoms; or R5 and Rg together represent methylenedioxy; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
More preferably, the present invention provides a new method for inhibiting the expression of Fas using compounds of Formula III:
Figure imgf000006_0001
(III)
wherein: Rj is hydrogen, lower alkanoyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or aroyl selected from benzoyl and naphthoyl;
R2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or arylalkyl selected from benzyl, phenylethyl and phenylpropyl;
R3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; R4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, or when X is oxygen, R4 together with R5 can represent -CH2-O-; X is a single bond, -CH2, oxygen or sulfur;
AT is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl and tetrahydronaphthyl; R5 and R are individually selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, hydroxyl, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, a -
CONH2- group, lower alkoxy of up to 6 carbon atoms, benzyloxy, lower alkylthio of up to 6 carbon atoms, lower alkysulphinyl of up to 6 carbon atoms and lower alkylsulphonyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; or R5 and Rg together represent methylenedioxy; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
Most preferably, the present invention provides a new method for inhibiting the expression of Fas using a compound of Formula IV, better known as carvedilol or ( 1 -(carbazol-4-yloxy-3-[[2-(o-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino]-2-propanol):
Figure imgf000006_0002
The compounds of the present invention are novel multiple action drugs useful in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. Carvedilol is known to be both a competitive non-selective β-adrenoceptor antagonist and a vasodilator, and is also a calcium channel antagonist at higher concentrations. The vasodilatory actions of carvedilol result primarily from o -adrenoceptor blockade, whereas the β-adrenoceptor blocking activity of the drug prevents reflex tachycardia when used in the treatment of hypertension. These multiple actions of carvedilol are responsible for the antihypertensive efficacy of the drug in animals, particularly in humans. See Willette, R.N., Sauermelch, C.F. & Ruffolo, R.R., Jr. (1990) Eur. J Pharmacol, 176, 237-240; Nichols, A.J., Gellai, M. & Ruffolo, R.R., Jr. (1991) Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol, 5, 25-38; Ruffolo, R.R., Jr., Gellai, M., Hieble, J.P., Willette, R.N. & Nichols, A.J. (1990) Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol, 38, S82-S88; Ruffolo, R.R., Jr., Boyle, D.A., Venuti, R.P. & Lukas, M.A. (1991) Drugs of Today, 27, 465-492; and Yue, T.-L., Cheng, H., Lysko, P.G., Mckenna, P.J , Feuerstem, R., Gu, J., Lysko, K.A., Davis, L.L. & Feuerstem, G. ( 1992) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 263, 92-98.
The antihypertensive action of carvedilol is mediated primarily by decreasing total peripheral vascular resistance without causing the concomitant reflex changes in heart rate commonly associated with other antihypertensive agents. Willette, R.N., et al. supra; Nichols, A.J., et al. supra; Ruffolo, R.R., Jr., Gellai, M., Hieble, J.P , Willette, R.N. & Nichols, A.J. (1990) Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol, 38, S82-S88.. Carvedilol also markedly reduces infarct size in rat, canine and porcine models of acute myocardial infarction, Ruffolo, R.R., Jr., et al., Drugs of Today, supra, possibly as a consequence of its antioxidant action in attenuating oxygen free radical-initiated lipid peroxidation. Yue, T.-L., et al. supra.
Recently, it has been discovered that compounds which are dual non- selective β-adrenoceptor and cq -adrenoceptor antagonists, in particular the compounds of Formula I, preferably carvedilol, inhibit the expression of Fas and inhibit Fas-mediated apoptosis. Based on this mechanism of action, the instant compounds can be used to treat diseases wherein inhibition or control of Fas- mediated apoptosis is indicated. In particular, the compounds of the current invention, preferably carvedilol, can be used for blocking ischemia-induced apoptosis in cardiac cells, for preventing or inhibiting tissue remodeling, in particular m cardiac tissue and blood vessels, for treating autoimmune diseases, and for inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis. Additionally, when control of aberrant forms of Fas activation is desired, the Formula I compounds, preferably carvedilol, are used to prevent cell depletion in AIDS or neurodegenerative diseases.
Some of the compounds of Formula I are known to be metabolites of carvedilol. Certain preferred compounds of the present invention, that is, the compounds of Formula I wherein A is the moiety of Formula II wherein RI is -H, R2 is -H, R3 is -H, R4 is -H, X is O, Ar is phenyl, R5 is ortho -OH, and R6 is -H. and one of R7, R9, or R 10 is -OH, are metabolites of carvedilol.
Compounds of Formula I may be conveniently prepared as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,503,067. Reference should be made to said patent for its full disclosure, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Pharmaceutical compositions of the compounds of Formula I, including carvedilol, may be administered to patients according to the present invention in any medically acceptable manner, preferably orally. For parenteral administration, the pharmaceutical composition will be in the form of a sterile injectable liquid stored in a suitable container such as an ampoule, or in the form of an aqueous or nonaqueous liquid suspension. The nature and composition of the pharmaceutical carrier, diluent or excipient will, of course, depend on the intended route of administration, for example whether by intravenous or intramuscular injection Pharmaceutical compositions of the compounds of Formula I for use according to the present invention may be formulated as solutions or lyophilized powders for parenteral administration. Powders may be reconstituted by addition of a suitable diluent or other pharmaceutically acceptable carrier prior to use. The liquid formulation is generally a buffered, isotonic, aqueous solution. Examples of suitable diluents are normal isotonic saline solution, standard 5% dextrose in water or buffered sodium or ammonium acetate solution. Such formulation is especially suitable for parenteral administration, but may also be used for oral administration or contained in a metered dose inhaler or nebulizer for insufflation. It may be desirable to add excipients such as ethanol, polyvinyi-pyrrolidone, gelatin, hydroxy cellulose, acacia, polyethylene glycol, mannitol, sodium chloride or sodium citrate. Alternatively, these compounds may be encapsulated, tableted or prepared in a emulsion or syrup for oral administration. Pharmaceutically acceptable solid or liquid carriers may be added to enhance or stabilize the composition, or to facilitate preparation of the composition. Liquid carriers include syrup, peanut oil, olive oil, glycerin, saline, ethanol, and water. Solid carriers include starch, lactose, calcium sulfate dihydrate, terra alba, magnesium stearate or stearic acid, talc, pectin, acacia, agar or gelatin. The carrier may also include a sustained release material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate, alone or with a wax. The amount of solid carrier varies but, preferably, will be between about 20 mg to about 1 g per dosage unit. The pharmaceutical preparations are made following the conventional techniques of pharmacy involving milling, mixing, granulating, and compressing, when necessary, for tablet forms; or milling, mixing and filling for hard gelatin capsule forms. When a liquid carrier is used, the preparation will be in the form of a syrup, elixir, emulsion or an aqueous or non-aqueous suspension Such a liquid formulation may be administered directly p.o. or filled into a soft gelatin capsule.
Dosing in humans for the treatment of disease according to the present invention should not exceed a dosage range of from about 3 125 to about 50 mg of the compounds of Formula I, particularly carvedilol, preferably given twice daily As one of ordinary skill in the art will readily comprehend, the patient should be started on a low dosage regimen of the desired compound of Formula I, particularly carvedilol, and momtered for well-known symptoms of intolerance, e.g , fainting, to such compound. Once the patient is found to tolerate such compound, the patient should be brought slowly and incrementally up to the maintenance dose. The choice of initial dosage most appropπate for the particular patient is determined by the practitioner using well-known medical principles, including, but not limited to, body weight. In the event that the patient exhibits medically acceptable tolerance of the compound for two weeks, the dosage is doubled at the end of the two weeks and the patient is maintained at the new, higher dosage for two more weeks, and observed for signs of intolerance. This course is continued until the patient is brought to a maintenance dose
It will be appreciated that the actual preferred dosages of the compounds being used in the compositions of this invention will vary according to the particular composition formulated, the mode of administration, the particular site of administration and the host being treated
No unacceptable toxicological effects are expected when the compounds of Formula I are used according to the present invention.
The example which follows is intended in no way to limit the scope of this invention, but is provided to illustrate how to use the compounds of this invention Many other embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.
Experimental
The effect of carvedilol on myocardial apoptosis was investigated in a rabbit model of cardiac ischemia and reperfusion (R Gottlieb, et al., J Clin Invest., 94, 1621-1628 (1994)) In this model, ischemia and reperfusion elicits widespread apoptosis in cardiac myocytes. Carvedilol treatment prior to the ischemic insult significantly reduced the apoptotic myocytes from 14.7 cells per field to 4.5 cells per field (p<0.01).
Immunoche ical Detection of Fas Expression of Rabbit Cardiomyocytes
Heart tissue was fixed in NBF for 24-48 hr at 4ϋC and cut longitudinally into 2-3 mm-thick piece. Following standard histological processing and embedding in paraffin, 5 μm-thick sections were prepared for immunoperoxidase staining using the Vectastain ABC kit (Vector Laboratories) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Briefly, endogenous peroxidase was quenched with 0.3% H2O2 in methanol for 30 minutes. Nonspecific immunoglobulin binding sites were blocked with normal goat serum for 1 hour and then the sections were incubated with the primary antibody (mouse anti-FAS, 2 μg/ml, Upstate Biotechnology) for 1 hour at room temperature. The sections were then incubated for 30 minutes with a biotinylated goat anti-mouse IgM secondary antibody ( 1 :200, Vector Laboratories) followed by 30 minutes of incubation with the Vectastain ABC reagent solution. Immunoglobulin complexes were visualized upon incubation with 3,3'- diaminobenzidine (DAB, Vector Laboratories) at 0.5 mg ml in 50 rnM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4 and 3% H2O2. DAB staining was enhanced by treating the sections for 10 seconds with DAB Enhancing Solution (Vector Laboratories). Sections were washed, counterstained with Gill's Hematoxylin, cleared, mounted with Aquamount (Poly sciences), and then examined by light microscopy.
In summary, comparative studies were conducted wherein basil levels of Fas was expressed in normal heart cardiomyocytes. In ischemic reperfusion injury, the expression of Fas in cardiomyocytes was stimulated. With carvedilol treatment, this reperfusion-induced expression of Fas in cardiomyocytes was inhibited.
The foregoing is illustrative of the use of the compounds of this invention. This invention, however, is not limited to the precise embodiment described herein, but encompasses all modifications within the scope of the claims which follow.

Claims

What is claimed is:
1. A method for inhibiting the expression of Fas which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of a compound which is a dual non-selective β-adrenoceptor and oq -adrenoceptor antagonist.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the compound is a compound of Formula I:
Figure imgf000011_0001
(I) wherein:
R7-R13 are independently -H or-OH; and A is a moiety of Formula II:
Figure imgf000011_0002
(II) wherein:
R 1 is hydrogen, lower alkanoyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or aroyl selected from benzoyl and naphthoyl;
R2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or arylalkyl selected from benzyl, phenylethyl and phenylpropyl;
R3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms;
R4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, or when X is oxygen, R4 together with R5 can represent -CH2-O-;
X is a single bond, -CH2, oxygen or sulfur;
Ar is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl and tetrahydronaphthyl;
R5 and Rg are individually selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, hydroxyl, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, a -CONH2- group, lower alkoxy of up to 6 carbon atoms, benzyloxy, lower alkylthio of up to 6 carbon atoms, lower alkysulphinyl of up to 6 carbon atoms and lower alkylsulphonyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; or R5 and Rg together represent methylenedioxy, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the compound is a compound of Formula Ill:
Figure imgf000012_0001
wherein:
Rl is hydrogen, lower alkanoyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or aroyl selected from benzoyl and naphthoyl;
R2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or arylalkyl selected from benzyl, phenylethyl and phenylpropyl;
R3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms;
R4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, or when X is oxygen, R4 together with R5 can represent -CH2-O-;
X is a valency bond, -CH2, oxygen or sulfur;
Ar is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl and tetrahydronaphthyl;
R5 and R($ are individually selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, hydroxyl, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, a -CONH2- group, lower alkoxy of up to 6 carbon atoms, benzyloxy, lower alkylthio of up to 6 carbon atoms, lower alkysulphinyl of up to 6 carbon atoms and lower alkylsulphonyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; or or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
4. The method according to Claim 1 wherein said compound is carvedilol.
5. A method for inhibiting Fas-mediated apoptosis which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of a compound which is a dual non-selective β-adrenoceptor and oq -adrenoceptor antagonist. The method of claim 5 wherein the compound is a compound of Formula I:
Figure imgf000013_0001
(I) wherein:
R7-R 13 are independently -H or-OH; and A is a moiety of Formula II:
Figure imgf000013_0002
(ID wherein:
R* is hydrogen, lower alkanoyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or aroyl selected from benzoyl and naphthoyl;
R2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or arylalkyl selected from benzyl, phenylethyl and phenylpropyl;
R3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms;
R4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, or when X is oxygen, R4 together with R5 can represent -CH2-O-;
X is a single bond, -CH2, oxygen or sulfur;
Ar is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl and tetrahydronaphthyl;
R5 and Rg are individually selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, hydroxyl, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, a -CONH2- group, lower alkoxy of up to 6 carbon atoms, benzyloxy, lower alkylthio of up to 6 carbon atoms, lower alkysulphinyl of up to 6 carbon atoms and lower alkylsulphonyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; or
R5 and Rg together represent methylenedioxy; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein the compound is a compound of Formula Ill:
Figure imgf000014_0001
wherein:
R\ is hydrogen, lower alkanoyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or aroyl selected from benzoyl and naphthoyl;
R2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or arylalkyl selected from benzyl, phenylethyl and phenylpropyl;
R3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms;
R4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, or when X is oxygen, R4 together with R5 can represent -CH2-O-;
X is a valency bond, -CH2, oxygen or sulfur;
Ar is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl and tetrahydronaphthyl;
R5 and Rg are individually selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, hydroxyl, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, a -CONH2- group, lower alkoxy of up to 6 carbon atoms, benzyloxy, lower alkylthio of up to 6 carbon atoms, lower alkysulphinyl of up to 6 carbon atoms and lower alkylsulphonyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; or or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
8. The method according to Claim 5 wherein said compound is carvedilol.
9. A method for treating diseases wherein inhibition of Fas-mediated apoptosis is indicated which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of a compound which is a dual non-selective β-adrenoceptor and oq -adrenoceptor antagonist.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the compound is a compound of Formula I:
Figure imgf000015_0001
(I) wherein:
R7-R 13 are independently -H or-OH; and A is a moiety of Formula II:
Figure imgf000015_0002
(ID wherein: Ri is hydrogen, lower alkanoyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or aroyl selected from benzoyl and naphthoyl;
R2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or arylalkyl selected from benzyl, phenylethyl and phenylpropyl;
R3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; R4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, or when X is oxygen, R4 together with R5 can represent -CH2-O-; X is a single bond, -CH2, oxygen or sulfur;
Ar is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl and tetrahydronaphthyl; R5 and R are individually selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, hydroxyl, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, a
-CONH2- group, lower alkoxy of up to 6 carbon atoms, benzyloxy, lower alkylthio of up to 6 carbon atoms, lower alkysulphinyl of up to 6 carbon atoms and lower alkylsulphonyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; or R5 and Rg together represent methylenedioxy; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
1 1. The method of claim 9 wherein the compound is a compound of Formula Ill:
Figure imgf000016_0001
wherein:
Rj is hydrogen, lower alkanoyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or aroyl selected from benzoyl and naphthoyl; R2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or arylalkyl selected from benzyl, phenylethyl and phenylpropyl;
R3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms;
R4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, or when X is oxygen, R4 together with R5 can represent -CH2-O-; X is a valency bond, -CH2, oxygen or sulfur;
Ar is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl and tetrahydronaphthyl;
R5 and Rg are individually selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, hydroxyl, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, a -CONH2- group, lower alkoxy of up to 6 carbon atoms, benzyloxy, lower alkylthio of up to 6 carbon atoms, lower alkysulphinyl of up to 6 carbon atoms and lower alkylsulphonyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; or or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
12. The method according to Claim 9 wherein said compound is carvedilol.
13. A method for blocking ischemia-induced apoptosis in cardiac cells which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of a compound which is a dual non-selective β-adrenoceptor and cq -adrenoceptor antagonist.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the compound is a compound of Formula I:
Figure imgf000017_0001
(I) wherein:
R7-R13 are independently -H or-OH; and A is a moiety of Formula II:
Figure imgf000017_0002
(ID wherein: R 1 is hydrogen, lower alkanoyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or aroyl selected from benzoyl and naphthoyl;
R2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or arylalkyl selected from benzyl, phenylethyl and phenylpropyl;
R3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; R4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, or when X is oxygen, R4 together with R5 can represent -CH2-O-; X is a single bond, -CH2, oxygen or sulfur;
Ar is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl and tetrahydronaphthyl; R5 and Rg are individually selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, hydroxyl, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, a
-CONH2- group, lower alkoxy of up to 6 carbon atoms, benzyloxy, lower alkylthio of up to 6 carbon atoms, lower alkysulphinyl of up to 6 carbon atoms and lower alkylsulphonyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; or R5 and Rg together represent methylenedioxy; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
15. The method of claim 13 wherein the compound is a compound of Formula Ill:
Figure imgf000018_0001
wherein:
R is hydrogen, lower alkanoyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or aroyl selected from benzoyl and naphthoyl; R2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or arylalkyl selected from benzyl, phenylethyi and phenylpropyl;
R3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms;
R4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, or when X is oxygen, R4 together with R5 can represent -CH2-O-; X is a valency bond, -CH2, oxygen or sulfur;
Ar is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl and tetrahydronaphthyl;
R5 and R6 are individually selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, hydroxyl, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, a -CONH2- group, lower alkoxy of up to 6 carbon atoms, benzyloxy, lower alkylthio of up to 6 carbon atoms, lower alkysulphinyl of up to 6 carbon atoms and lower alkylsulphonyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; or or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
16. The method according to Claim 13 wherein said compound is carvedilol.
17. A method for preventing or inhibiting tissue remodeling, for treating autoimmune diseases, or for inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of a compound which is a dual non-selective β-adrenoceptor and cq -adrenoceptor antagonist.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the compound is a compound of Formula I:
Figure imgf000019_0001
(I) wherein:
R7-R13 are independently -H or-OH; and A is a moiety of Formula II:
Figure imgf000019_0002
(II) wherein: Ri is hydrogen, lower alkanoyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or aroyl selected from benzoyl and naphthoyl;
R2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or arylalkyl selected from benzyl, phenylethyl and phenylpropyl;
R3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; R4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, or when X is oxygen, R4 together with R5 can represent -CH2-O-; X is a single bond, -CH2, oxygen or sulfur;
Ar is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl and tetrahydronaphthyl; R5 and Rg are individually selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, hydroxyl, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, a
-CONH2- group, lower alkoxy of up to 6 carbon atoms, benzyloxy, lower alkylthio of up to 6 carbon atoms, lower alkysulphinyl of up to 6 carbon atoms and lower alkylsulphonyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; or R5 and Rβ together represent methylenedioxy; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
19. The method of claim 17 wherein the compound is a compound of Formula HI:
Figure imgf000020_0001
wherein:
R i is hydrogen, lower alkanoyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or aroyl selected from benzoyl and naphthoyl; R2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or arylalkyl selected from benzyl, phenylethyl and phenylpropyl;
R3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms;
R4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, or when X is oxygen, R4 together with R5 can represent -CH2-O-; X is a valency bond, -CH2, oxygen or sulfur;
Ar is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, indanyi and tetrahydronaphthyl;
R5 and Rg are individually selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, hydroxyl, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, a -CONH2- group, lower alkoxy of up to 6 carbon atoms, benzyloxy, lower alkylthio of up to 6 carbon atoms, lower alkysulphinyl of up to 6 carbon atoms and lower alkylsulphonyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; or or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
20. The method according to Claim 17 wherein said compound is carvedilol.
21. The use of a dual non-selective β-adrenoceptor and cq -adrenoceptor antagonist in the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting the expression of Fas.
22. The use of a dual non-selective β-adrenoceptor and cq -adrenoceptor antagonist according to claim 21 of the formula I:
Figure imgf000021_0001
(I) wherein:
R7-R 13 are independently -H or-OH; and A is a moiety of Formula II:
Figure imgf000021_0002
(H) wherein: Rj is hydrogen, lower alkanoyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or aroyl selected from benzoyl and naphthoyl;
R2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or arylalkyl selected from benzyl, phenylethyl and phenylpropyl;
R3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; R4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, or when X is oxygen, R4 together with R5 can represent -CH2-O-; X is a single bond, -CH2, oxygen or sulfur;
Ar is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl and tetrahydronaphthyl; R5 and Rg are individually selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, hydroxyl, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, a
-CONH2- group, lower alkoxy of up to 6 carbon atoms, benzyloxy, lower alkylthio of up to 6 carbon atoms, lower alkysulphinyl of up to 6 carbon atoms and lower alkylsulphonyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; or R5 and Rg together represent methylenedioxy; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
23. The use of a dual non-selective β-adrenoceptor and oq -adrenoceptor antagonist according to claim 21 of the formula III:
Figure imgf000022_0001
(III)
wherein: Ri is hydrogen, lower alkanoyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or aroyl selected from benzoyl and naphthoyl;
R2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or arylalkyl selected from benzyl, phenylethyl and phenylpropyl;
R3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; R4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, or when X is oxygen, R4 together with R5 can represent -CH2-O-; X is a single bond, -CH2, oxygen or sulfur;
Ar is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl and tetrahydronaphthyl; R5 and Rg are individually selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, hydroxyl, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, a -
CONH2- group, lower alkoxy of up to 6 carbon atoms, benzyloxy, lower alkylthio of up to 6 carbon atoms, lower alkysulphinyl of up to 6 carbon atoms and lower alkylsulphonyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; or R5 and Rg together represent methylenedioxy; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
24. The use of a dual non-selective β-adrenoceptor and cq -adrenoceptor antagonist according to claim 21 wherein said antagonist is carvedilol.
25. The use of a dual non-selective β-adrenoceptor and cq -adrenoceptor antagonist in the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting Fas-mediated apoptosis.
26. The use of a dual non-selective β-adrenoceptor and cq -adrenoceptor antagonist according to claim 25 of the formula I:
Figure imgf000023_0001
(I) wherein:
R7-R13 are independently -H or-OH; and A is a moiety of Formula II:
Figure imgf000023_0002
(II) wherein: Ri is hydrogen, lower alkanoyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or aroyl selected from benzoyl and naphthoyl;
R2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or arylalkyl selected from benzyl, phenylethyl and phenylpropyl;
R3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; R4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, or when X is oxygen, R4 together with R5 can represent -CH2-O-; X is a single bond, -CH2, oxygen or sulfur;
Ar is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl and tetrahydronaphthyl; R5 and Rg are individually selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, hydroxyl, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, a
-CONH2- group, lower alkoxy of up to 6 carbon atoms, benzyloxy, lower alkylthio of up to 6 carbon atoms, lower alkysulphinyl of up to 6 carbon atoms and lower alkylsulphonyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; or R5 and Rg together represent methylenedioxy; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
27. The use of a dual non-selective β-adrenoceptor and oq -adrenoceptor antagonist according to claim 25 of the formula III:
Figure imgf000024_0001
(HI)
wherein: R* is hydrogen, lower alkanoyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or aroyl selected from benzoyl and naphthoyl;
R2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or arylalkyl selected from benzyl, phenylethyl and phenylpropyl;
R3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; R4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, or when X is oxygen, R4 together with R5 can represent -CH2-O-; X is a single bond, -CH2, oxygen or sulfur;
Ar is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl and tetrahydronaphthyl; R5 and Rg are individually selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, hydroxyl, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, a -
CONH2- group, lower alkoxy of up to 6 carbon atoms, benzyloxy, lower alkylthio of up to 6 carbon atoms, lower alkysulphinyl of up to 6 carbon atoms and lower alkylsulphonyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; or R5 and Rg together represent methylenedioxy; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
28. The use of a dual non-selective β-adrenoceptor and oq -adrenoceptor antagonist according to claim 25 wherein said antagonist is carvedilol.
29. The use of a dual non-selective β-adrenoceptor and oq -adrenoceptor antagonist in the manufacture of a medicament for treating diseases wherein inhibition of Fas-mediated apoptosis is indicated.
30. The use of a dual non-selective β-adrenoceptor and cq -adrenoceptor antagonist according to claim 29 of the formula I:
Figure imgf000025_0001
(I) wherein:
R7-R13 are independently -H or-OH; and A is a moiety of Formula II:
Figure imgf000025_0002
(ID wherein: Ri is hydrogen, lower alkanoyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or aroyl selected from benzoyl and naphthoyl;
R2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or arylalkyl selected from benzyl, phenylethyl and phenylpropyl;
R3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; R4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, or when X is oxygen, R4 together with R5 can represent -CH2-O-; X is a single bond, -CH2, oxygen or sulfur;
Ar is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl and tetrahydronaphthyl; R5 and Rg are individually selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, hydroxyl, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, a
-CONH2- group, lower alkoxy of up to 6 carbon atoms, benzyloxy, lower alkylthio of up to 6 carbon atoms, lower alkysulphinyl of up to 6 carbon atoms and lower alkylsulphonyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; or R5 and Rg together represent methylenedioxy; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
31. The use of a dual non-selective β-adrenoceptor and oq -adrenoceptor antagonist according to claim 29 of the formula III:
Figure imgf000026_0001
(III)
wherein: Rj is hydrogen, lower alkanoyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or aroyl selected from benzoyl and naphthoyl;
R2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or arylalkyl selected from benzyl, phenylethyl and phenylpropyl;
R3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; R4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, or when X is oxygen, R4 together with R5 can represent -CH2-O-; X is a single bond, -CH2, oxygen or sulfur;
Ar is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl and tetrahydronaphthyl; R5 and Rg are individually selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, hydroxyl, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, a -
CONH2- group, lower alkoxy of up to 6 carbon atoms, benzyloxy, lower alkylthio of up to 6 carbon atoms, lower alkysulphinyl of up to 6 carbon atoms and lower alkylsulphonyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; or R5 and Rg together represent methylenedioxy; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
32. The use of a dual non-selective β-adrenoceptor and oq -adrenoceptor antagonist according to claim 29 wherein said antagonist is carvedilol.
33. The use of a dual non-selective β-adrenoceptor and cq -adrenoceptor antagonist in the manufacture of a medicament for blocking ischemia-induced apoptosis in cardiac cells.
34. The use of a dual non-selective β-adrenoceptor and cq -adrenoceptor antagonist according to claim 33 of the formula I:
Figure imgf000027_0001
(I) wherein:
R7-R13 are independently -H or-OH; and A is a moiety of Formula II:
Figure imgf000027_0002
(ID wherein: Ri is hydrogen, lower alkanoyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or aroyl selected from benzoyl and naphthoyl;
R2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or arylalkyl selected from benzyl, phenylethyl and phenylpropyl;
R3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; R4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, or when X is oxygen, R4 together with R5 can represent -CH2-O-; X is a single bond, -CH2, oxygen or sulfur;
Ar is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl and tetrahydronaphthyl; R5 and Rg are individually selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, hydroxyl, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, a
-CONH2- group, lower alkoxy of up to 6 carbon atoms, benzyloxy, lower alkylthio of up to 6 carbon atoms, lower alkysulphinyl of up to 6 carbon atoms and lower alkylsulphonyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; or R5 and Rg together represent methylenedioxy; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
35. The use of a dual non-selective β-adrenoceptor and oq -adrenoceptor antagonist according to claim 33 of the formula III:
Figure imgf000028_0001
(III)
wherein: R 1 is hydrogen, lower alkanoyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or aroyl selected from benzoyl and naphthoyl;
R2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or arylalkyl selected from benzyl, phenylethyl and phenylpropyl;
R3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; R4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, or when X is oxygen, R4 together with R5 can represent -CH2-O-; X is a single bond, -CH2, oxygen or sulfur;
Ar is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl and tetrahydronaphthyl; R5 and Rg are individually selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, hydroxyl, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, a -
CONH2- group, lower alkoxy of up to 6 carbon atoms, benzyloxy, lower alkylthio of up to 6 carbon atoms, lower alkysulphinyl of up to 6 carbon atoms and lower alkylsulphonyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; or R5 and Rg together represent methylenedioxy; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
36. The use of a dual non-selective β-adrenoceptor and cq -adrenoceptor antagonist according to claim 33 wherein said antagonist is carvedilol.
37. The use of a dual non-selective β-adrenoceptor and oq -adrenoceptor antagonist in the manufacture of a medicament for preventing or inhibiting tissue remodeling, for treating autoimmune diseases, or for inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis.
38. The use of a dual non-selective β-adrenoceptor and cq -adrenoceptor antagonist according to claim 37 of the formula I:
Figure imgf000029_0001
(I) wherein:
R7-R13 are independently -H or-OH; and A is a moiety of Formula II:
Figure imgf000029_0002
(II) wherein:
Rl is hydrogen, lower alkanoyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or aroyl selected from benzoyl and naphthoyl;
R2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or arylalkyl selected from benzyl, phenylethyl and phenylpropyl; R3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms;
R4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, or when X is oxygen, R4 together with R5 can represent -CH2-O-; X is a single bond, -CH2, oxygen or sulfur;
Ar is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl and tetrahydronaphthyl; R5 and Rg are individually selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, hydroxyl, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, a -CONH2- group, lower alkoxy of up to 6 carbon atoms, benzyloxy, lower alkylthio of up to 6 carbon atoms, lower alkysulphinyl of up to 6 carbon atoms and lower alkylsulphonyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; or R5 and Rg together represent methylenedioxy; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
39. The use of a dual non-selective β-adrenoceptor and cq -adrenoceptor antagonist according to claim 37 of the formula III:
Figure imgf000030_0001
(HI)
wherein:
Rl is hydrogen, lower alkanoyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or aroyl selected from benzoyl and naphthoyl;
R2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms or arylalkyl selected from benzyl, phenylethyl and phenylpropyl; R3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms;
R4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, or when X is oxygen, R4 together with R5 can represent -CH2-O-; X is a single bond, -CH2, oxygen or sulfur;
Ar is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl and tetrahydronaphthyl; R5 and Rg are individually selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, hydroxyl, lower alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms, a - CONH2- group, lower alkoxy of up to 6 carbon atoms, benzyloxy, lower alkylthio of up to 6 carbon atoms, lower alkysulphinyl of up to 6 carbon atoms and lower alkylsulphonyl of up to 6 carbon atoms; or R5 and Rg together represent methylenedioxy; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
40. The use of a dual non-selective β-adrenoceptor and oq -adrenoceptor antagonist according to claim 37 wherein said antagonist is carvedilol.
PCT/US1997/014792 1996-08-23 1997-08-22 Method for inhibiting the expression of fas WO1998007321A1 (en)

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EP97938525A EP0924985A4 (en) 1996-08-23 1997-08-22 Method for inhibiting the expression of fas
AU40830/97A AU4083097A (en) 1996-08-23 1997-08-22 Method for inhibiting the expression of fas
US09/242,595 US6096777A (en) 1996-08-23 1997-08-22 Method for inhibiting the expression of Fas
JP51099998A JP2001504804A (en) 1996-08-23 1997-08-22 Method for inhibiting FAS expression
BR9711228-3A BR9711228A (en) 1996-08-23 1997-08-22 Method for inhibiting the expression of fas
CA002264178A CA2264178A1 (en) 1996-08-23 1997-08-22 Method for inhibiting the expression of fas
NZ334307A NZ334307A (en) 1996-08-23 1997-08-22 Compounds for treating diseases wherein inhibition of Fas-mediated apoptosis is indicated
IL12861397A IL128613A (en) 1996-08-23 1997-08-22 Dual non-selective beta-adrenoreceptor and alpha1-adrenoreceptor antagonist for inhibiting the expression of fas
CZ99591A CZ59199A3 (en) 1996-08-23 1997-08-22 INHIBITION METHOD OF FaS EXPRESSION
NO990792A NO990792L (en) 1996-08-23 1999-02-19 Method for inhibiting the expression of FAS

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WO2007042912A2 (en) * 2005-10-13 2007-04-19 Orchid Research Laboratories Limited Heterocyclic compounds as pstat3/il-6 inhibitors
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