WO1996035939A1 - Gerät zur bestimmung der puderdichte auf einem bestäubten druckerzeugnis - Google Patents
Gerät zur bestimmung der puderdichte auf einem bestäubten druckerzeugnis Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996035939A1 WO1996035939A1 PCT/EP1996/001680 EP9601680W WO9635939A1 WO 1996035939 A1 WO1996035939 A1 WO 1996035939A1 EP 9601680 W EP9601680 W EP 9601680W WO 9635939 A1 WO9635939 A1 WO 9635939A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- image
- printed product
- evaluation unit
- converter
- measuring
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F23/00—Devices for treating the surfaces of sheets, webs, or other articles in connection with printing
- B41F23/04—Devices for treating the surfaces of sheets, webs, or other articles in connection with printing by heat drying, by cooling, by applying powders
- B41F23/06—Powdering devices, e.g. for preventing set-off
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
- B41F33/0036—Devices for scanning or checking the printed matter for quality control
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/14—Electro-optical investigation, e.g. flow cytometers
- G01N15/1468—Electro-optical investigation, e.g. flow cytometers with spatial resolution of the texture or inner structure of the particle
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N2015/0096—Investigating consistence of powders, dustability, dustiness
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/14—Electro-optical investigation, e.g. flow cytometers
- G01N2015/1486—Counting the particles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/14—Electro-optical investigation, e.g. flow cytometers
- G01N2015/1493—Particle size
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for determining the
- Powder density on a dusted printed product according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Such a measuring device is the subject of the earlier patent application 195 01 346.8.
- the present invention is intended to develop such a measuring device in such a way that even better recognition of the individual powder particles on the printed printed product is ensured.
- a diaphragm body at the focal point on the image side of the optics imaging a region of the surface of the printed product on the image converter. Since the axis of the optics is set at an angle to the surface of the printed product that differs from the reflection angle of the measuring light beam, this results in a further improved suppression of light that is not reflected by powder particles.
- the shape of the opening provided in the diaphragm body is adapted to the geometry of the image converter used in each case.
- the powder density measurement can also be reliably extended to the entire area of the printed product, and thus not only measured in a direction that is transverse to the direction in which the printed product is passed through the pollination device, but also in the conveying direction itself. In this way, it is not only possible to determine whether some of the nozzles of the powder dusting device arranged transversely to the conveying direction of the printed product deliver unequal amounts of powder, but also to determine whether the various powder dispensing nozzles work constantly, that is to say without time fluctuations.
- the development of the invention according to claim 8 permits grazing illumination of the surface of the printed product with compact dimensions of the measuring head and illumination unit.
- the development of the invention according to claim 9 also serves to increase the contrast when generating the powder particle image, since reflections from measuring light on the underside of the housing of the measuring head and lighting unit are eliminated.
- the conversion of a commercially available scanner into a powder density measuring device can be implemented with simple means and without serious intervention in the scanner.
- the development of the invention according to claim 14 enables the same software to be used for determining the surface roughness in terms of number and size as for determining the powder density and the size of the various powder particles.
- the angle of incidence of the measuring light beam can be varied, and so the most favorable conditions can be set for the measurement of the powder density and the measurement of the surface roughness.
- a grazing incidence of the measuring light bundle is advantageous, while a slightly stronger adjustment of the axis of the measuring light bundle is advantageous when determining the number and measurement of surface roughness.
- Figure 1 a schematic plan view of a measuring device for determining the powder density on a printed product and for determining the surface roughness of a printing substrate to be printed;
- FIG. 2 a vertical central section through an illumination unit and a measuring head of the measuring device shown in FIG. 1 and through the underlying sections of a dusted printed product and a platen of the measuring device according to FIG. 1;
- Figure 3 is an enlarged view of part of the
- FIG. 4 a further enlarged view of a section of the image of a powder particle generated by the image converter, which is used to explain a program section which is used to determine the number and size of powder particles;
- FIG. 5 a flow chart in which the most important sections of a program for determining the number and size of powder particles are shown.
- Figure 6 a vertical section through a modified lighting unit and a modified
- Measuring head which are obtained by converting a commercially available hand-held scanner.
- 10 denotes a measuring table on which an arched printed product 12 lies. After printing, this has been dusted with a thin layer of powder, which prevents printing products from sticking together in a stack.
- an optical measuring head is provided above the printed product, which in turn carries an illumination unit 16.
- the measuring head 14 is attached to a carriage 18 which runs on a guide rod 20 and through a
- Threaded spindle 22 is driven. The latter is rotated by a motor 24 which is coupled to a resolver 26.
- a slide 27 carrying the guide rod 20 and the threaded spindle 22 in turn runs on a guide rod 28 and is moved by a threaded spindle 30 which is driven by a motor 32.
- the latter is assigned a resolver 34.
- a control and evaluation unit serves to evaluate the partial images of the surface of the printed product 12 generated by an image converter of the measuring head 14 and to supply energy to the lighting unit 16 and to control the motors 24 and 32 and to measure the position of the two carriages 18 and 27.
- flexible and / or length-variable line sections are indicated by interruptions.
- the control and evaluation unit 36 moves, via the motors 24 and 32, the unit formed by the measuring head 14 and the lighting unit step by step over the print template, the step sizes in the horizontal or vertical direction being predetermined by the edge lengths of the image field of the measuring head 14. Furthermore, the control and evaluation unit 36 evaluates the output signals of an image converter of the measuring head 14, as will be described in more detail later.
- the control and evaluation unit 36 has a display 38 which, for. B. can be formed by an LCD panel.
- Operating buttons 40, 42 serve to specify basic working methods of the control and evaluation unit 36, in particular to switch from the measurement of the density of powder particles already mentioned above to a working method in which the roughness of an unprinted printing pad is determined .
- the lighting unit 16 has a housing 44 in which a light source 46 is arranged.
- the light source 46 is a small halogen lamp that is close to a point light source.
- the light source 46 is imaged by a lens 48 in the focal point of a small short focal length lens 50, which thus produces a parallel measuring light bundle 52 with a small cross section.
- the latter then runs into a transparent prism body 56 which is provided with a mirrored deflection surface 58 at the lower end.
- a measuring light beam which is incident on the printed product at a small angle to the surface thereof is obtained.
- the angle of incidence can be between 2 and 10.
- the measuring head 14 has a housing 68, in the lower wall of which a sleeve-shaped lens holding part 70 is inserted, which carries a lens 72 at its lower end.
- a small circular opening 76 is provided in a transversely formed diaphragm body 74 of the holding part 70. The distance of the opening 76 from the main plane of the lens 72 corresponds to the focal length of this lens or is in the vicinity thereof.
- an image converter 78 is arranged, which is supported by a printed circuit board 80.
- the image converter 78 and the printed circuit board 80 and the components carried by them correspond to the functionally identical parts of a commercially available television camera.
- the optical axis of the measuring head 14 is perpendicular to the surface of the printed product 12, and if this surface were free of powder particles 60 and ideally flat and smooth, no portions of the measuring light bundle 52 would reach the image converter 72.
- the powder particles 60 located on the surface of the printed product scatter portions of the measuring light bundle 52, so that the lens 72 on the image converter 78 generates an image of the powder particles 60.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows an image as it is obtained by the image converter 78 when the incidence is not extremely grazing.
- the powder particles 60 appear as bright circular disks, the depressions 62 as darker irregular areas.
- the image of the image converter 78 is organized in successive lines ZI, Z2, Zi, Zi + 1, ..., each of which is a sequence of pixels Pil, Pi2, Pi3, ..., Pij, Pij + 1, ... have.
- FIG. 5 shows how the powder density and the size distribution of the powder particles can be determined from the image obtained by the image converter 78. The image is evaluated line by line.
- the particle numbers in the various size classes are first set to zero and the measuring head 14 is moved into an initial position lying at a sheet corner.
- the image of the image converter present in each case is read in and the mean image brightness is calculated by summing the brightness values for all pixels and dividing by the total number of pixels.
- a powder image is generated in that all image pixels whose brightness is greater is set as the mean to be light, all other image pixels are set to dark.
- a line counter is also set to zero.
- the last line evaluated is saved as a comparison line, the line counter is increased by one, and the next line is read.
- the bright line areas and their length are determined in a subsequent program block 90. Furthermore, a line area counter is set to zero.
- the line area counter is increased by one.
- the comparison line is used to check whether a light line area has disappeared. If this is the case, the number of particles in the particle class corresponding to the previously determined diameter is increased by one in a program block 94.
- a branch 96 is used to check whether the dimension of the corresponding image area has increased or not. If this is the case, the object diameter is updated in a program block 98.
- a further branch 99 checks whether the last image area of the line has already been reached. If this is not the case, the program jumps back to program block 91.
- a further branch 102 it is checked whether the corner of the printed product opposite the starting point has already been reached. If this is not the case, the motors 24 and 32 are controlled in a program block 104 in such a way that the measuring head 14 is moved by a grid on a meandering path which leads from the exit corner of the printed product 12 to the opposite corner, or more generally from Measurement starting point leads to the measurement end point.
- the average particle density and average particle size are calculated in a further program block 106.
- a further program block 108 it is checked whether particle density and particle size lie within a predetermined window. If this is not the case, an alarm is triggered, e.g. B. by outputting an alphanumeric message on the screen of the control and evaluation unit 36.
- the carriage 27 can also be provided in a fixed manner and the measuring head 14 can only be moved transversely over the printed product 12, so that only the transverse powder density profile is measured. It goes without saying that the flow chart according to FIG. 5 can then be simplified accordingly.
- FIG. 6 shows a modified measuring head 14, the structure of which largely corresponds to that of a hand-held scanner, such as that used for reading in texts and graphics is used in a PC. Parts of the scanner which functionally correspond to parts of the measuring head 14 shown in FIG. 2 are again provided with the same reference symbols.
- the holding part 70 is designed as a rectangular cross-section housing, on the rear side of which the image converter 78 and the printed circuit board 80 carrying it are attached.
- the lens holder is arranged on a further printed circuit board 110, which is equipped with various electronic components 112, including a fork light barrier 114.
- This works together with a stroboscope disc 116, which is driven by a friction wheel 118, which works together with the surface of the printed product 12.
- the surface of the printed product 12 is imaged via a window 120 provided in the lower wall of the housing 68 and a triangular cross section of the strip-shaped deflection prism 122, the oblique prism side of which is mirrored.
- the lighting unit 16 is mounted on the end face of the housing 68 on the left in FIG. 6.
- This comprises a diode row 124 which comprises a plurality of diodes which follow one another perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in FIG.
- the diode row 124 is imaged via a cylindrical lens 126 onto a prism bar 128 which has a mirrored prism surface which is essentially set at 45 ° at the lower end.
- two narrow sliding ribs 130 are provided on the two sides of the housing 44 of the lighting unit 16, which protrude downward beyond the housing underside.
- a wedge-shaped gap there is between the bottom of the housing 44 and the herewith aligned lower side of the housing 68 and the upper side of the printed product 12 a wedge-shaped gap, into the left end of which the lower end of the prism bar 128 protrudes.
- light is directed in a substantially grazing manner against the surface of the printed product 12.
- the lower surfaces of the housings 44 and 68 are colored black.
- the measuring head 14 differs from a commercially available hand-held scanner only in the following:
- the diode bar used there for illuminating the template has been removed and, together with the associated lens bar, is accommodated in the housing 44 of the lighting unit 16. Furthermore, the friction wheel provided for driving the stroboscope disk is replaced by a friction wheel which has an enlarged diameter in accordance with the height of the sliding ribs 130. Finally, the upper wall of the housing or holding part 70 has been drilled through, through which the diaphragm body 74 is inserted.
- Its opening 76 is designed as a gap in view of the fact that the image converter 78 now only comprises one pixel line, the long gap axis lying in the plane of the drawing and being perpendicular to the axis of the image converter, while the short gap axis is perpendicular to the plane of the drawing and runs parallel to the converter axis.
- the hand-held scanner is simply passed across a pollinating printed product to be tested, and the signals emitted by the line image converter 78 are stored in a read / write memory of the control and evaluation unit 36, which is called addressing of the individual memory cells as a function of the status of a counter which counts up according to the output pulses of the fork light barrier 114.
- An image of an area of the powder layer running across the printed product is thus obtained in the read / write memory. This image can be evaluated in a similar manner to that described above.
- the measuring device shown in FIG. 6 can equally be used to measure the surface roughness of a printing substrate to be printed, as described in detail above with reference to the measuring device according to FIG.
- the angle at which the measuring light beam strikes the surface of the printed product can also be made adjustable, e.g. B. in that the lens 50 or the lens strip 126 is tilted or deflected in the lateral direction.
- a somewhat enlarged angle between the measuring light beam and the surface of the printed product can then be used in the roughness measurement, while again working with the grazing light as possible to determine the powder density.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP96914974A EP0824683B1 (de) | 1995-05-07 | 1996-04-22 | Gerät zur bestimmung der puderdichte auf einem bestäubten druckerzeugnis |
DE59610029T DE59610029D1 (de) | 1995-05-07 | 1996-04-22 | Gerät zur bestimmung der puderdichte auf einem bestäubten druckerzeugnis |
US08/952,532 US6115490A (en) | 1995-05-07 | 1996-04-22 | Apparatus for determining the powder density on a dusty printed article |
AT96914974T ATE230483T1 (de) | 1995-05-07 | 1996-04-22 | Gerät zur bestimmung der puderdichte auf einem bestäubten druckerzeugnis |
JP8533696A JPH11505609A (ja) | 1995-05-07 | 1996-04-22 | 粉状物が吹きつけられた印刷物上の粉状物の密度の測定装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19516188A DE19516188A1 (de) | 1995-01-18 | 1995-05-07 | Gerät zur Bestimmung der Puderdichte auf einem bestäubten Druckerzeugnis |
DE19516188.2 | 1995-05-07 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1996035939A1 true WO1996035939A1 (de) | 1996-11-14 |
Family
ID=7760952
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1996/001680 WO1996035939A1 (de) | 1995-05-07 | 1996-04-22 | Gerät zur bestimmung der puderdichte auf einem bestäubten druckerzeugnis |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5982500A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0824683B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH11505609A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE230483T1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1996035939A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105136622A (zh) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-12-09 | 河海大学 | 一种批量测试粗集料扁平率的方法 |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7385694B2 (en) * | 2002-06-04 | 2008-06-10 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Tribological debris analysis system |
DE102009013167A1 (de) * | 2009-03-13 | 2010-09-16 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag | Verfahren zum Steuern einer Pudervorrichtung einer Druckmaschine |
CN104197866B (zh) * | 2014-07-28 | 2017-01-11 | 山东农业大学 | 玉米籽粒剖面角质与粉质百分比的定量测定方法 |
JP6744574B2 (ja) * | 2016-12-14 | 2020-08-19 | 日本電気硝子株式会社 | ガラス物品の製造方法、及び離型粉散布装置 |
US10502691B1 (en) | 2019-03-29 | 2019-12-10 | Caastle, Inc. | Systems and methods for inspection and defect detection |
DE102020001874B4 (de) | 2020-03-23 | 2021-09-30 | Winfried Labuda | Vorrichtung zur Visualisierung von Partikeln, Faserfragmenten und anderen Materialteilchen und Materialschichten |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP0257749A1 (de) * | 1986-07-04 | 1988-03-02 | De La Rue Systems Limited | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Messung der Streureflexion einer Oberfläche |
US5276481A (en) * | 1991-05-14 | 1994-01-04 | Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha | Method and apparatus for optically measuring toner density |
US5317380A (en) * | 1991-02-19 | 1994-05-31 | Inspex, Inc. | Particle detection method and apparatus |
Family Cites Families (17)
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US3801349A (en) * | 1970-08-07 | 1974-04-02 | Caterpillar Tractor Co | Coating a continuous metallic strip with pulverant material with a non-destructive measuring method |
DE3213145A1 (de) * | 1982-04-08 | 1983-10-20 | Fa. Carl Zeiss, 7920 Heidenheim | Mikroskopphotometer |
JPS60127403A (ja) * | 1983-12-13 | 1985-07-08 | Anritsu Corp | 厚み測定装置 |
DE3534973C2 (de) * | 1985-10-01 | 1995-02-09 | Eppendorf Geraetebau Netheler | Durchflußimpulsphotometer zur Partikelmessung |
US4974261A (en) * | 1988-11-15 | 1990-11-27 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. | Optical surface inspection method |
US4950905A (en) * | 1989-02-06 | 1990-08-21 | Xerox Corporation | Colored toner optical developability sensor with improved sensing latitude |
US5160981A (en) * | 1989-09-07 | 1992-11-03 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Method of measuring the reflection density of an image |
JPH03188358A (ja) * | 1989-12-19 | 1991-08-16 | Hajime Sangyo Kk | 物体の表面検査装置 |
JP2897342B2 (ja) * | 1990-05-15 | 1999-05-31 | ミノルタ株式会社 | 現像装置 |
US5053822A (en) * | 1990-12-24 | 1991-10-01 | Xerox Corporation | Densitometer for measuring marking particle density on a photoreceptor having a compensation ratio which adjusts for changing environmental conditions and variability between machines |
US5301244A (en) * | 1991-07-18 | 1994-04-05 | Eastman Kodak Company | Computer input scanner incorporating multiple scanning modes |
US5274713A (en) * | 1991-09-23 | 1993-12-28 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Real-time apparatus for detecting surface defects on objects |
US5357335A (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1994-10-18 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Optical detection device for screening magnetic tape |
US5608817A (en) * | 1993-11-18 | 1997-03-04 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Optical measuring method |
JP3258821B2 (ja) * | 1994-06-02 | 2002-02-18 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 微小異物の位置決め方法、分析方法、これに用いる分析装置およびこれを用いた半導体素子もしくは液晶表示素子の製法 |
US5519497A (en) * | 1994-11-25 | 1996-05-21 | Xerox Corporation | Control develop mass in a color system |
US5907405A (en) * | 1995-09-01 | 1999-05-25 | Nikon Corporation | Alignment method and exposure system |
-
1995
- 1995-12-29 US US08/714,120 patent/US5982500A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-04-22 AT AT96914974T patent/ATE230483T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-04-22 WO PCT/EP1996/001680 patent/WO1996035939A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1996-04-22 JP JP8533696A patent/JPH11505609A/ja active Pending
- 1996-04-22 US US08/952,532 patent/US6115490A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-04-22 EP EP96914974A patent/EP0824683B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0257749A1 (de) * | 1986-07-04 | 1988-03-02 | De La Rue Systems Limited | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Messung der Streureflexion einer Oberfläche |
US5317380A (en) * | 1991-02-19 | 1994-05-31 | Inspex, Inc. | Particle detection method and apparatus |
US5276481A (en) * | 1991-05-14 | 1994-01-04 | Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha | Method and apparatus for optically measuring toner density |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105136622A (zh) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-12-09 | 河海大学 | 一种批量测试粗集料扁平率的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0824683B1 (de) | 2003-01-02 |
US6115490A (en) | 2000-09-05 |
JPH11505609A (ja) | 1999-05-21 |
ATE230483T1 (de) | 2003-01-15 |
EP0824683A1 (de) | 1998-02-25 |
US5982500A (en) | 1999-11-09 |
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