WO1993006310A1 - Bausatz aus beton-formsteinen sowie eine hieraus erstellte schwergewichts-stützmauer - Google Patents
Bausatz aus beton-formsteinen sowie eine hieraus erstellte schwergewichts-stützmauer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1993006310A1 WO1993006310A1 PCT/EP1992/002153 EP9202153W WO9306310A1 WO 1993006310 A1 WO1993006310 A1 WO 1993006310A1 EP 9202153 W EP9202153 W EP 9202153W WO 9306310 A1 WO9306310 A1 WO 9306310A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- anchoring
- shaped
- piece
- kit according
- coupling
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/205—Securing of slopes or inclines with modular blocks, e.g. pre-fabricated
Definitions
- Kit made of concrete blocks and a heavyweight retaining wall created from them
- the invention relates to a kit for constructing (heavyweight) retaining walls from a plurality of concrete shaped blocks lying one above the other and one next to the other, adjacent shaped blocks being at least partially secured against displacement relative to one another.
- the shaped blocks have a circumferential, at least however, instruction opposite one another, in particular upper and lower side surfaces, a groove or depression which extends in each case in the plane of the wall, here molded blocks arranged one above the other and / or next to one another are connected to separate coupling pieces which extend into the depressions of adjacent ones Enter shaped stones.
- the object of the present invention is to create a kit, the components of which form a stable association and at the same time enable the retaining wall to be designed flexibly.
- each coupling piece is frustoconical in design with a corresponding cross-sectional shape of the recess.
- the coupling piece thus has a certain freedom in its positioning in the recess. straight up. In particular, rotation is possible. As a result, adjacent shaped blocks can be arranged rotated relative to one another. Nevertheless, the protection of the bandage, i.e. the shaped stones in the retaining wall, is retained.
- the part of the coupling piece described as a truncated cone can also be rectangular in cross section and thus round rod-shaped. This applies analogously to the cross-sectional shape of the depression.
- the coupling pieces are designed differently with respect to a parting plane between two shaped blocks, such that an anchoring piece facing a shaped block - as part of the coupling piece - is frustoconical and rotatable in the associated recess and an anchoring piece facing an adjacent shaped block elongated (trapezoidal) and therefore cannot be rotated in the assigned depression.
- the degrees of freedom described above are retained. A twisting or tilting of the coupling piece in the depression is prevented.
- the coupling pieces have two different anchoring pieces for use in depressions of adjacent shaped stones, one anchoring piece being frustoconical with a closed outer surface and the other anchoring piece being designed as a hollow body with ribs or webs crossing each other in particular.
- the anchoring piece designed as a hollow body comes to lie, in particular, facing downwards and thus in a depression open at the top.
- the ribs and webs save material and reduce the weight.
- unevenness in the depression that is caused by concrete residues, gravel or other increases is compensated. Such dirt or loose parts can be in the downward depressions fall out due to its own weight and deposit in the open recesses.
- the anchoring piece designed as a hollow body can be elongated in the direction parallel to the associated depression, in particular with two longitudinal ribs parallel to one another and crossing trapezoidal transverse ribs. The retention of the coupling piece in the recess is improved in this way.
- FIG. 1 is a front view of a new shaped block for a kit according to the invention
- FIG. 2 is a side view of the shaped block of FIG. 1 in the direction of arrow II,
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of the shaped block according to FIG. 1 in the direction of arrow III,
- 4a is a plan view of a coupling piece
- 4b is a front view of the coupling piece according to FIG. 4a in the direction of arrow IVb
- 4c is a side view of the coupling piece according to FIG. 4a in the direction of arrow IVc
- FIG. 5a shows a side view of another embodiment of a coupling piece
- FIG. 5b shows a plan view of the coupling piece according to FIG. 5a f
- FIG. 5c is a bottom view of the coupling piece according to FIG. 5a.
- FIG. 5d is an end view of the coupling piece according to FIG. 5a
- FIG. 6a shows a side view of a further embodiment of a coupling piece
- FIG. 6b is a plan view of the coupling piece according to FIG. 6a
- FIG. 6c is a bottom view of the coupling piece according to FIG. 6a.
- FIG. 7b shows two shaped stones lying against one another in cross section, similar to FIG. 7a, with a coupling piece corresponding to FIGS. 5a to 5d,
- FIG. 11 shows a retaining wall according to the invention with coupling pieces and anchoring members in cross section
- FIG. 13 shows a further embodiment of a retaining wall according to the invention in the front view
- FIG. 14 shows an embodiment of a retaining wall according to the invention in a front view.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 A new concrete block 10 for a kit according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.
- the basic shape of the shaped block 10 is rectangular with a rectangular front side 11, narrow sides 12, 13 and a broader upper side 14 and underside 15 in each case.
- the sides 12 to 15 are generally longer than the front side 11 and each have a recess 16 .
- This is arranged around the shaped block 10 and forms a plane parallel to the plane of the front side 11. Between the front side 11 and the recess 16 there are approximately two thirds of the longitudinal extent of the sides 12 to 15. A largely central arrangement is also advantageous.
- the recess 16 is trapezoidal or V-shaped in profile with an outwardly increasing cross-section and can thus also be formed during the manufacture of the shaped block 10. It is also possible to form the recess 16 only on some sides, for example on the top and bottom 14, 15.
- the front side 11 also has circumferential inclined surfaces 17 for better demolding.
- a rear side 18 opposite the front side 11 has a recess in the form of a continuous groove 19 with undercuts 20.
- the cross-sectional profile of the groove 19 is ham head-like.
- a dovetail profile is also advantageous. What is important is the increasing cross-section towards the middle of the stone.
- the groove 19 extends in a straight line parallel to the top 14 over the entire width of the back 18. The function is explained in more detail below in connection with FIG. 11.
- FIG. 4a to 4c show a coupling piece 21 in different views.
- the coupling piece 21 is formed with two halves or anchoring pieces of different cross-section.
- a lower anchoring piece in FIG. 4c likewise FIG. 4b, is designed as a bar 22 with a trapezoidal profile, while the upper anchoring piece is a truncated cone 23, each with a cross-section that decreases towards the outside.
- An almost play-free connection of the shaped stones 10 is particularly favorable, the trapezoidal profiles of the depressions 16, the ingot 22 and the truncated cone 23 corresponding to one another for positive engagement.
- the coupling piece 21 is made of concrete, advantageously also of plastic, for example as an injection molded part.
- 5a to 6c show views of two further coupling pieces.
- the coupling piece 21 with the truncated cone 23 described above is designed as an upper anchoring piece.
- the lower anchoring piece is elongated, similar to FIGS. 4a to 4c f , but here with longitudinal ribs 23a and transverse webs 23b crossing each other. Two longitudinal ribs and four transverse webs can be seen in the figures.
- the former are legal formed angular and in the middle of the anchoring piece and thus arranged outside the cone area.
- the transverse webs 23b are designed in a trapezoidal shape, the outer transverse webs in each case being located at the outermost edge of the anchoring or coupling piece.
- the longitudinal ribs and crossbars are about the same height. Cavities 23c which are open at the bottom (outside) are formed between them. On the one hand, the ribs and webs save material and reduce the overall weight. On the other hand, unevenness in the upper depressions of the lower shaped stones is compensated for by concrete residues, gravel grains and other increases.
- a similar coupling piece 21 is shown in FIGS. 6a to 6c. There, in turn, the upper anchoring piece is designed as a truncated cone 23. In contrast to FIGS. 5a to 5c, a lower anchoring piece is not elongated, but rather is designed analogously to the truncated cone 23 as a rib cross 23d.
- the crossing ribs each have a trapezoidal shape, forming four cavities 23e separated from one another.
- FIGS. 5a to 5d show views of two concrete shaped blocks 10 connected by coupling pieces 21 - corresponding to FIGS. 5a to 5d. Concrete crumbs 23f can be seen in FIG. 7b between the longitudinal ribs 23a.
- the (upper) anchoring piece is not designed as a truncated cone, but, like the (lower) anchoring piece in FIGS. 5a to 6c, with ribs and webs.
- FIG. 8 shows a view of three molded blocks 10 connected to one another. Successive depressions 16 of adjacent molded blocks 10 are connected to one another by the bars 22 of the coupling piece 21.
- the truncated cone 23 is directed out of the image plane and serves to receive a depression in a shape indicated by dashed lines. stone, also outside the image plane.
- FIG. 9 and 10 show, as a special feature, two concrete shaped blocks 10 arranged adjacent to form a gap that opens on one side.
- the gap 24 leads to a clear distance between the shaped stones 10 in the region of the depressions 16.
- FIG Gap 24 at the location mentioned is not quite as large as in FIG. 10 due to the eccentric arrangement of the depressions 16 and the tilting opposite in both figures.
- a shaped block lying outside the picture plane and shown in dashed lines is also arranged above two adjacent shaped blocks 10. This is connected with a total of two coupling pieces 21 arranged laterally adjacent to the edges thereof with the shaped stones underneath.
- the coupling pieces 21 lie with their bars 22 in the recesses 16 of the shaped blocks 10 drawn with solid lines.
- the truncated cones 23 each extend into the recess shown in dashed lines of the shaped block shown in dashed lines.
- the special shape of the coupling pieces 21 with bars 22 and truncated cone 23 enables the described angled arrangement, without thereby reducing the retention of the shaped blocks among themselves.
- a reverse position of the coupling pieces 21 with the bars 22 in the recess of the shaped block shown in dashed lines is also possible.
- FIG. 11 shows a heavy weight retaining wall 25 created from a kit according to the invention. This serves for the lateral covering or support of an earth wall 26.
- the subsurface is designated by 26a in FIG. 11.
- the sectional view reveals the depressions 16 in the individual shaped blocks 10, as well as the coupling pieces 21 connecting the shaped blocks 10.
- the side of the retaining wall 25 facing the earth wall 26 is called the earth side, while the outside is referred to as the air side.
- the shaped blocks 10 are aligned that the grooves 19 described in connection with FIGS. 1 to 3 are directed towards the earth side.
- anchoring members 27 are inserted into the grooves.
- connecting pieces 28 are formed, for example as disks which can be fixed against one another and are seated on a pin or a thread.
- Nets or grid systems 29 are connected to the anchoring members 27 via the connecting pieces 28.
- the grid systems 29 are rot-proof, tensile and preferably made of plastic and are inserted in layers into the earth wall when the retaining wall is erected. As a result, the grid systems 29 extend in the horizontal direction. In Fig. 11 it can be seen that the distances between the individual grids increase from bottom to top. The lower five layers each have a smaller distance a from one another.
- the lattice systems 29 are placed in such a way that they initially run a small distance from the connecting piece 28 - approximately half a stone width - downwards along the retaining wall 25 and are then angled in the horizontal direction.
- a connection of a lattice system to a plurality of shaped stones 10 arranged parallel to the base 26a is preferably provided.
- the grating system 29 is first guided downwards via two shaped blocks 10 and corresponding connecting pieces 28 and then angled horizontally.
- Fig. 12 shows a finished retaining wall with a special arrangement of the Formste.ine 10.
- Three shaped stones 10a are arranged upright and two shaped stones 10b are arranged transversely within a group 30.
- the groups 30 are aligned with the outer arranged from essu ⁇ gen, so that mutually perpendicular, continuous joints 31a, 31b arise.
- individual shaped blocks 10c with specially designed visible surfaces are arranged within the groups.
- the visible surfaces are provided with a continuous V-shaped recess 32 in accordance with the design of the inclined surfaces 17.
- the shaped blocks 10 are arranged transversely in horizontal rows 33. Within a row, special shaped blocks are visible, namely half-length shaped blocks, so-called half-stones 34. Like the full-length shaped block 10 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, these are provided with depressions and grooves not visible in FIG. 13.
- the use of the half stones 34 in particular enables a loosened arrangement for the targeted creation of planting gaps 35.
- the half stones 34 can also be used in a different constellation, for example in a retaining wall according to FIGS. 11, 12 or 14.
- FIG. 14 relates to an arrangement similar to FIG. 12.
- Individual rows 33 are arranged between individual groups 30.
- the rows 33 extend in the horizontal direction and separate the groups 30 in the vertical direction.
- the shaped blocks 10 lie within the rows 33 so that from group 30 to group 30 there are no continuous joints, but rather interrupted joints 36.
- the retaining wall in FIG. 14 has greater stability than in FIG. 12.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002119458A CA2119458C (en) | 1991-09-20 | 1992-09-18 | Kit of moulded concrete blocks and gravity retaining wall made therefrom |
EP92919596A EP0616655B1 (de) | 1991-09-20 | 1992-09-18 | Bausatz aus beton-formsteinen sowie eine hieraus erstellte schwergewichts-stützmauer |
JP5505782A JPH07502085A (ja) | 1991-09-20 | 1992-09-18 | コンクリートブロックから成る構造体と、それから成る土留め擁壁 |
US08/211,118 US5480267A (en) | 1991-09-20 | 1992-09-18 | Set of structural elements made up of concrete blocks, and a gravity retaining wall erected therefrom |
DE59208871T DE59208871D1 (de) | 1991-09-20 | 1992-09-18 | Bausatz aus beton-formsteinen sowie eine hieraus erstellte schwergewichts-stützmauer |
AU25672/92A AU659676B2 (en) | 1991-09-20 | 1992-09-18 | Kit of moulded concrete blocks and gravity retaining wall made therefrom |
FI935181A FI935181A0 (fi) | 1991-09-20 | 1993-11-22 | Byggnadsserie bestaoende av formstenar av betong samt massiv stoedmur byggd av dem |
NO940999A NO306170B1 (no) | 1991-09-20 | 1994-03-18 | Byggesett av stöpte betongblokker samt en herav fremstilt tung stöttemur |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEP4131423.9 | 1991-09-20 | ||
DE4131423A DE4131423A1 (de) | 1991-09-20 | 1991-09-20 | Bausatz aus beton-formsteinen sowie eine hieraus erstellte schwergewichts-stuetzmauer |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1993006310A1 true WO1993006310A1 (de) | 1993-04-01 |
Family
ID=6441129
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1992/002153 WO1993006310A1 (de) | 1991-09-20 | 1992-09-18 | Bausatz aus beton-formsteinen sowie eine hieraus erstellte schwergewichts-stützmauer |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5480267A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0616655B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH07502085A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE157723T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU659676B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2119458C (de) |
DE (2) | DE4131423A1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK0616655T3 (de) |
FI (1) | FI935181A0 (de) |
NO (1) | NO306170B1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1993006310A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4333942A1 (de) * | 1993-10-06 | 1995-04-13 | Sf Koop Gmbh Beton Konzepte | Bausatz aus Beton-Formsteinen sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung derselben |
DE19616622A1 (de) * | 1996-04-25 | 1997-10-30 | Sf Koop Gmbh Beton Konzepte | Beton-Formstein, Bausatz aus Beton-Formsteinen sowie eine hieraus hergestellte Stützmauer |
EP2423399A3 (de) * | 2010-08-23 | 2014-02-26 | Rolf Scheiwiller | Mauersystem |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5984589A (en) * | 1998-03-10 | 1999-11-16 | Ciccarello; Charles | Wall construction block with retaining pin inserts |
US6948282B2 (en) | 2003-01-09 | 2005-09-27 | Allan Block Corporation | Interlocking building block |
US7124754B2 (en) * | 2004-08-06 | 2006-10-24 | Custom Precast & Masonry, Inc. | Method and device for creating a decorative block feature |
DE102005050456A1 (de) | 2005-10-19 | 2007-04-26 | Sf-Kooperation Gmbh Beton-Konzepte | Stützwand |
US10648147B2 (en) * | 2016-02-08 | 2020-05-12 | Tensar International Corporation | Multi-oriented segmental wall blocks, soil reinforcing system, and methods |
ES1223839Y (es) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-04-22 | Cavero Francisco Javier Vidal | Estructura de hormigon |
CN113789792B (zh) * | 2021-08-21 | 2022-09-13 | 丽水学院 | 预制混凝土砌块及其护坡砌筑方法 |
Citations (5)
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FR1258423A (fr) * | 1960-03-04 | 1961-04-14 | Bloc de construction | |
GB1064451A (en) * | 1963-04-04 | 1967-04-05 | Skovde Gasbetong Aktiebolag | An improved assembly of concrete blocks |
US3422588A (en) * | 1967-01-18 | 1969-01-21 | Stark Ceramics Inc | Interlocking building block |
WO1988002050A1 (en) * | 1986-09-15 | 1988-03-24 | Forsberg Paul J | Wall and block therefor |
US4824293A (en) * | 1987-04-06 | 1989-04-25 | Brown Richard L | Retaining wall structure |
Family Cites Families (23)
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DE93232C (de) * | ||||
DD93232A (de) * | ||||
US1787199A (en) * | 1926-11-01 | 1930-12-30 | Massey Concrete Products Corp | Cribbing |
US2392551A (en) * | 1943-05-10 | 1946-01-08 | Albert Kahn | Interlocking building block |
US2703963A (en) * | 1952-02-26 | 1955-03-15 | Gutierrez Placido Alvarez | Sheet piling anchorage |
FR2055983A5 (de) * | 1969-08-14 | 1971-05-14 | Vidal Henri | |
GB1332297A (en) * | 1970-11-09 | 1973-10-03 | Parfrement B | Building blocks and structures made therefrom |
FR2374478A1 (fr) * | 1976-12-16 | 1978-07-13 | Famy Jean | Element de soutenement de talus |
SU727767A1 (ru) * | 1977-11-02 | 1980-04-15 | Грузинский Государственный Институт По Проектированию Водохозяйственного Строительства "Грузгипроводхоз" | Объемный элемент подпорных стен |
DE2753243A1 (de) * | 1977-11-29 | 1979-06-07 | Bayer Ag | Bewehrung von armierten erdbauwerken |
US4324508A (en) * | 1980-01-09 | 1982-04-13 | Hilfiker Pipe Co. | Retaining and reinforcement system method and apparatus for earthen formations |
US4367615A (en) * | 1980-09-09 | 1983-01-11 | Louis Feldman | Reinforced interlocking building block |
SU1011793A1 (ru) * | 1981-04-30 | 1983-04-15 | Магнитогорский государственный институт по проектированию металлургических заводов | Способ возведени подпорного сооружени |
US4619560A (en) * | 1984-02-08 | 1986-10-28 | Crinnion Edward V | Structural module for retaining walls and the like |
DE3505531A1 (de) * | 1985-02-18 | 1986-08-21 | Wolfgang Dipl.-Ing. 7500 Karlsruhe Schuster | Elektronisches mehrzweckanzeigegeraet |
DE3507531A1 (de) * | 1985-03-04 | 1986-09-04 | Kasamentbau GmbH & Co KG, 4500 Osnabrück | Verfahren zur herstellung von waenden aus kunststein sowie bauelement hierzu |
US4684294A (en) * | 1986-01-15 | 1987-08-04 | Neill Raymond J O | Retaining wall construction element |
DE3913335A1 (de) * | 1989-04-22 | 1990-10-25 | Rolf Hoelzer | Mauer |
DE3917500A1 (de) * | 1989-05-30 | 1990-12-06 | Sf Vollverbundstein | (beton-) formstein fuer stuetzmauern, form fuer die herstellung sowie stuetzmauer |
US4957395A (en) * | 1989-06-19 | 1990-09-18 | Ned Nelson | Pre-cast, reinforced concrete retaining wall system |
FR2651258B1 (fr) * | 1989-08-31 | 1991-10-25 | Cueilhes Andre | Element de construction de forme de omega destine principalement au soutenement des terres. |
KR910020277A (ko) * | 1990-05-17 | 1991-12-19 | 데이비드 바우즈 케이드 | 조립건축재 |
DE9015196U1 (de) * | 1990-10-08 | 1991-02-21 | Sf-Vollverbundstein-Kooperation Gmbh, 2820 Bremen, De |
-
1991
- 1991-09-20 DE DE4131423A patent/DE4131423A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1992
- 1992-09-18 DK DK92919596.4T patent/DK0616655T3/da active
- 1992-09-18 US US08/211,118 patent/US5480267A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-09-18 AT AT92919596T patent/ATE157723T1/de active
- 1992-09-18 CA CA002119458A patent/CA2119458C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-09-18 JP JP5505782A patent/JPH07502085A/ja active Pending
- 1992-09-18 WO PCT/EP1992/002153 patent/WO1993006310A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1992-09-18 AU AU25672/92A patent/AU659676B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1992-09-18 DE DE59208871T patent/DE59208871D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-09-18 EP EP92919596A patent/EP0616655B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1993
- 1993-11-22 FI FI935181A patent/FI935181A0/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1994
- 1994-03-18 NO NO940999A patent/NO306170B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR1258423A (fr) * | 1960-03-04 | 1961-04-14 | Bloc de construction | |
GB1064451A (en) * | 1963-04-04 | 1967-04-05 | Skovde Gasbetong Aktiebolag | An improved assembly of concrete blocks |
US3422588A (en) * | 1967-01-18 | 1969-01-21 | Stark Ceramics Inc | Interlocking building block |
WO1988002050A1 (en) * | 1986-09-15 | 1988-03-24 | Forsberg Paul J | Wall and block therefor |
US4824293A (en) * | 1987-04-06 | 1989-04-25 | Brown Richard L | Retaining wall structure |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4333942A1 (de) * | 1993-10-06 | 1995-04-13 | Sf Koop Gmbh Beton Konzepte | Bausatz aus Beton-Formsteinen sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung derselben |
DE19616622A1 (de) * | 1996-04-25 | 1997-10-30 | Sf Koop Gmbh Beton Konzepte | Beton-Formstein, Bausatz aus Beton-Formsteinen sowie eine hieraus hergestellte Stützmauer |
DE19616622B4 (de) * | 1996-04-25 | 2006-04-13 | Sf-Kooperation Gmbh Beton-Konzepte | Bausatz zur Erstellung von Stützmauern |
EP2423399A3 (de) * | 2010-08-23 | 2014-02-26 | Rolf Scheiwiller | Mauersystem |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK0616655T3 (da) | 1998-04-27 |
NO940999D0 (no) | 1994-03-18 |
NO940999L (no) | 1994-03-21 |
CA2119458A1 (en) | 1993-04-01 |
DE4131423A1 (de) | 1993-03-25 |
CA2119458C (en) | 2003-04-22 |
ATE157723T1 (de) | 1997-09-15 |
FI935181A (fi) | 1993-11-22 |
AU659676B2 (en) | 1995-05-25 |
US5480267A (en) | 1996-01-02 |
JPH07502085A (ja) | 1995-03-02 |
NO306170B1 (no) | 1999-09-27 |
AU2567292A (en) | 1993-04-27 |
DE59208871D1 (de) | 1997-10-09 |
EP0616655A1 (de) | 1994-09-28 |
FI935181A0 (fi) | 1993-11-22 |
EP0616655B1 (de) | 1997-09-03 |
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