WO1992021114A1 - Stylus for handwriting identification - Google Patents

Stylus for handwriting identification Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992021114A1
WO1992021114A1 PCT/US1992/002169 US9202169W WO9221114A1 WO 1992021114 A1 WO1992021114 A1 WO 1992021114A1 US 9202169 W US9202169 W US 9202169W WO 9221114 A1 WO9221114 A1 WO 9221114A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure
shaft
tip
sensitive sensor
stylus
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1992/002169
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Larry S. Gullman
Original Assignee
Kumahira Safe Co., Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kumahira Safe Co., Inc. filed Critical Kumahira Safe Co., Inc.
Publication of WO1992021114A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992021114A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/033—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor
    • G06F3/0354—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor with detection of 2D relative movements between the device, or an operating part thereof, and a plane or surface, e.g. 2D mice, trackballs, pens or pucks
    • G06F3/03545—Pens or stylus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
    • B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
    • B43K7/00—Ball-point pens
    • B43K7/005—Pen barrels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
    • B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
    • B43K8/00—Pens with writing-points other than nibs or balls
    • B43K8/22—Pens with writing-points other than nibs or balls with electrically or magnetically activated writing-points
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V10/00—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding
    • G06V10/10—Image acquisition
    • G06V10/12—Details of acquisition arrangements; Constructional details thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to signature recognition devices and in particular to a writing stylus sensitive to writing pressure.
  • Various devices exist for verifying a person's identity through indicia unique to that individual. Common indicia include fingerprints, voice graphs, retina scans and signature verification. Comparison of a sample signature wi a reference, or valid, signature is a practical and efficien method of identity verification. Each individual signature characteristics unique to that signature. These characteristics can be measured and used to discern a forged signature from a genuine signature.
  • Measurable signature characteristics include pen pressure as a function of a dynamic such as time, pen direct and pen velocity. Of these characteristics, pen pressure i the most commonly measured characteristic. Pressure can be detected either on the writing surface or on the writing too itself. Measuring the pressure on the writing tool proves t be the more convenient of these two choices, since instrumentation need not be provided at the location of ever possible writing surface.
  • Some pressure-sensitive writing tools are known in the art.
  • One such tool is described in U.S. Patent No. 4,896,543.
  • a three-axis pressure measurement stylus contains a plurality of pressure sensitive mylar sheets located adjacent to the tip of the device.
  • the pressure measurement should not depend on the indirect measurement of pressure by sensing strain, as with a strain gage, since the modulus and dimensional accuracy of the material used are subject to manufacturing variations and environmental influences.
  • the assembly should preferably measure writing pressures directly, without significant compliance between the pen tip and pen housing. Systems depending on spring deflection provide unwanted compliance.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,111,052 shows strain measurement in a bending tube using separate strain gages.
  • the use of separate strain gages requires special additional structures in order to obtain bending parameter inputs.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,078,226, on the other hand, shows the measurement of deflection along long PZT beams, wherein the bending of the pen cartridge is measured, rather than the stress in the cartridge itself.
  • What is needed is a stylus suited to detecting applied pressures that is substantially immune to damage from the inadvertent application of excessive pressures and that is capable of accurate measurements of strain without impediments due to the mechanical and environmental characteristics of the carrier structure.
  • a stylus for sensing strain in multiple dimensions comprises a stylus tip assembly that has embedded in the shaft structure at a predetermined distance from the tip, an integral sensing means sensitive to bending moments caused by tactile writing pressures in the shaft and the axial pressure.
  • the pressure-sensitive sensors are integrated into and located within a particularly sturdy portion of the structure of the larger shaft body and are not constructed as part of a more fragile tip or tip/shaft assembly.
  • the writing stylus of the present invention provides a more durable writing stylus than writing tools having strain measurement means mechanically coupled to the stylus tip. The resulting stylus is thus more rugged and durable than that of other known devices.
  • the pressure sensitive sensors provide more reliable measurements, since they sense pressure directly and since the pen does not require the high precision manufacturing needed for sensors which measure strain of the pen components.
  • the hollow shaft that houses the tip is substantially circularly cylindrical in shape.
  • Four pressure-sensitive sensors are built into an annular sensing means imbedded in the shaft and are spaced equally about the hollow shaft.
  • the pressure sensing is not dependant upon the particular orientation of th stylus in the user's hand and the stylus need not be grasped i a particular orientation in order to yield consistent results.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a writing stylus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a writing stylus in plane A-A of Fig. 1 showing orientation of pressure-sensitive sensors according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 a cross-sectional view of a writing stylu 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention is illustrated.
  • the stylus 2 is formed of a hollow shaft 4, through which passes a tip shaft 6.
  • a tip 8 protrudes from hollow shaft 4 at the extreme end of tip shaft 6.
  • Tip shaft 6 may be filled with ink, such as a ballpoint pen cartridge.
  • Pressure-sensitive sensor means 10 may be an annularly-shaped PZT sensor module constructed with, for example, four quadrants of sensors, with each of four sensors coupled separately to provide electric signals in response to strain applied locally to each module by pressures within the adjacent shaft body.
  • the sensor means 10 is integral to the shaft 4 and physically a member of the beam structure.
  • the four quadrants are coupled to electronic processing circuitry (not shown) .
  • other pressure- sensing devices well-known to those of skill in the art, which
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross sectional view of stylus 2 taken at section A-A.
  • sensor means 10 may be constructed of a singular annulus which is metallized on one side of the PTZ annulus in regions 12 at quadrants around the shaft 4 to provide electrodes across which signals may be detected in accordance with the piezo-electric effect.
  • On the opposing face of the PZT annulus is a ground metallization. The masking may be accomplished using conventional metallization deposition techniques prior to imbedding the sensor means 10 in the shaft 4.
  • Metallization regions 12 subdivide sensor 10 into four quadrants and thus provide four regions of sensor separation 10-1 through 10-4 about the stylus shaft 4. Signals are extracted only from the regions 12, and primarily parallel to the axis of the shaft.
  • the sensor means 10 is integral with the structure of the shaft 4 and surrounded on all sides with cylindrical structure of the hollow shaft 4. Preferably, the sensor means 10 are positioned between the tip 8 and the place the user grips the shaft 4.
  • the location of one sensor per quadrant enables pressures to be detected by differential sensing.
  • the pressures within the shaft on each of the sensors 10 can be sorted out to determine the orthogonal components in each of the three axes shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
  • Processing means associated with the electronic processing module may decipher the four signals.
  • Verification of the signature can be achieved by rotating (mathematically) the observed measurements so that they may be compared with the reference measurements.
  • the tip shaft 8 of the present invention is less costly than devices having the sensor coupled to the tip shaft because the tip shaft need not be made larger to support this structure and is inherently less complex.
  • the writing pressure is measured by directly measuring bending stress in the hollow shaft 4. Stress is not measured by sensing strain, so the physical properties, variation and environmental sensitivity of shaft 4 have no direct effect on the accuracy of writing pressure measurement.
  • the solid coupling of the pen cartridge 6 and the hollow shaft 4 provides a stable and rigid pen, with.no deflection or compliance experienced by the pen tip 8 during writing.
  • the location of sensor means 10 also physically distances the signal pickup portion from the tip itself, which bears the pressure of the writing act on a very small surface.
  • the sensor means 10 bears a distributed load imparted by the user in moving the stylus and does not directly bear the load of the stylus and the act of writing, as would be encountered if sensors 10 were placed at or near tip 8.
  • the stylus of the present invention is therefore a more rugged and durable device than a stylus in which the pressure sensor is integral with the tip. In operation, a user grasps stylus 2 to apply pressure to tip 8 to write a signature or phrase.
  • Pressure- sensitive sensors 10 detect the pressure variations imposed on shaft 4 when the user puts stylus 2 in contact with the writin surface to pressure the stylus to move in the pattern necessary to form the signature or phrase. Suitable signal processing can be used to compare the pressure pattern generated with the pressure pattern of the reference signature or phrase to determine authenticity.

Abstract

A stylus (2) formed of a shaft (4) containing pressure sensors (10-1, 10-2) and useful in signature verification and in identification of individuals. The pressure sensors are imbedded in an integral with the shaft of the stylus at a predetermined distance from the tip (8) used for writing. The sensors are preferably disposed in an annulus (12) and located in each of four quadrants (10-1, 10-2, 10-3, 10-4) surrounding the shaft enabling three-axis pressure detection.

Description

STYLUS FOR HANDWRITING IDENTIFICATION
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to signature recognition devices and in particular to a writing stylus sensitive to writing pressure. Various devices exist for verifying a person's identity through indicia unique to that individual. Common indicia include fingerprints, voice graphs, retina scans and signature verification. Comparison of a sample signature wi a reference, or valid, signature is a practical and efficien method of identity verification. Each individual signature characteristics unique to that signature. These characteristics can be measured and used to discern a forged signature from a genuine signature.
Measurable signature characteristics include pen pressure as a function of a dynamic such as time, pen direct and pen velocity. Of these characteristics, pen pressure i the most commonly measured characteristic. Pressure can be detected either on the writing surface or on the writing too itself. Measuring the pressure on the writing tool proves t be the more convenient of these two choices, since instrumentation need not be provided at the location of ever possible writing surface.
Some pressure-sensitive writing tools are known in the art. One such tool is described in U.S. Patent No. 4,896,543. In the device of the '543 patent, a three-axis pressure measurement stylus contains a plurality of pressure sensitive mylar sheets located adjacent to the tip of the device. However, for the pressure-sensitive writing tool to accurate and reliable, the pressure measurement should not depend on the indirect measurement of pressure by sensing strain, as with a strain gage, since the modulus and dimensional accuracy of the material used are subject to manufacturing variations and environmental influences. The assembly should preferably measure writing pressures directly, without significant compliance between the pen tip and pen housing. Systems depending on spring deflection provide unwanted compliance. Other writing tools disclosed in"the prior art also contain measuring hardware which is coupled to the tip or to the ink shaft of the tip. The device disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,646,351 to Asbo et al. and in U.S. Patent No. Re 29,765 to Crane et al. each contain a set of strain gages located on a suspended flexible diaphragm which is disposed on the shaft of the stylus. The strain gages measure the flexure of the tip shaft.
In addition, U.S. Patent No. 4,111,052 shows strain measurement in a bending tube using separate strain gages. The use of separate strain gages requires special additional structures in order to obtain bending parameter inputs. U.S. Patent No. 4,078,226, on the other hand, shows the measurement of deflection along long PZT beams, wherein the bending of the pen cartridge is measured, rather than the stress in the cartridge itself.
It is useful to note that it is known to use selective metallization of PZT structures to provide selective outputs. See for example U.S. Patent No. 4,513,437.
What is needed is a stylus suited to detecting applied pressures that is substantially immune to damage from the inadvertent application of excessive pressures and that is capable of accurate measurements of strain without impediments due to the mechanical and environmental characteristics of the carrier structure.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, a stylus for sensing strain in multiple dimensions comprises a stylus tip assembly that has embedded in the shaft structure at a predetermined distance from the tip, an integral sensing means sensitive to bending moments caused by tactile writing pressures in the shaft and the axial pressure. Specifically, the pressure-sensitive sensors are integrated into and located within a particularly sturdy portion of the structure of the larger shaft body and are not constructed as part of a more fragile tip or tip/shaft assembly. The writing stylus of the present invention provides a more durable writing stylus than writing tools having strain measurement means mechanically coupled to the stylus tip. The resulting stylus is thus more rugged and durable than that of other known devices. The pressure sensitive sensors provide more reliable measurements, since they sense pressure directly and since the pen does not require the high precision manufacturing needed for sensors which measure strain of the pen components.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the hollow shaft that houses the tip is substantially circularly cylindrical in shape. Four pressure-sensitive sensors are built into an annular sensing means imbedded in the shaft and are spaced equally about the hollow shaft. Thus, the pressure sensing is not dependant upon the particular orientation of th stylus in the user's hand and the stylus need not be grasped i a particular orientation in order to yield consistent results. The invention will be better understood by reference to the following detailed description in connection with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a writing stylus according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a writing stylus in plane A-A of Fig. 1 showing orientation of pressure-sensitive sensors according to an embodiment of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS In Fig. 1, a cross-sectional view of a writing stylu 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. The stylus 2 is formed of a hollow shaft 4, through which passes a tip shaft 6. A tip 8 protrudes from hollow shaft 4 at the extreme end of tip shaft 6. Tip shaft 6 may be filled with ink, such as a ballpoint pen cartridge. Disposed within the structure of the hollow shaft 4 at a predetermined distance from tip 8 is pressure-sensitive sensor means 10. Pressure-sensitive sensor means 10 may be an annularly-shaped PZT sensor module constructed with, for example, four quadrants of sensors, with each of four sensors coupled separately to provide electric signals in response to strain applied locally to each module by pressures within the adjacent shaft body. Importantly, the sensor means 10 is integral to the shaft 4 and physically a member of the beam structure. The four quadrants are coupled to electronic processing circuitry (not shown) . Optionally, other pressure- sensing devices, well-known to those of skill in the art, which
* can be imbedded in the shank portion of the shaft 4 adjacent the cone portion, may be used. Fig. 2 shows a cross sectional view of stylus 2 taken at section A-A. This sectional view reveals that sensor means 10 may be constructed of a singular annulus which is metallized on one side of the PTZ annulus in regions 12 at quadrants around the shaft 4 to provide electrodes across which signals may be detected in accordance with the piezo-electric effect. On the opposing face of the PZT annulus is a ground metallization. The masking may be accomplished using conventional metallization deposition techniques prior to imbedding the sensor means 10 in the shaft 4. Metallization regions 12 subdivide sensor 10 into four quadrants and thus provide four regions of sensor separation 10-1 through 10-4 about the stylus shaft 4. Signals are extracted only from the regions 12, and primarily parallel to the axis of the shaft. The sensor means 10 is integral with the structure of the shaft 4 and surrounded on all sides with cylindrical structure of the hollow shaft 4. Preferably, the sensor means 10 are positioned between the tip 8 and the place the user grips the shaft 4.
The location of one sensor per quadrant enables pressures to be detected by differential sensing. The pressures within the shaft on each of the sensors 10 can be sorted out to determine the orthogonal components in each of the three axes shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Processing means associated with the electronic processing module may decipher the four signals. Furthermore, if the shaft is cylindrical, o substantially cylindrical, the particular orientation with which the user grasps stylus 2 will be immaterial. Verification of the signature can be achieved by rotating (mathematically) the observed measurements so that they may be compared with the reference measurements.
The process of housing sensor means 10 in hollow shaft 4, for example by bonding or brazing, removes the sensor means 10 from any direct mechanical connection to the more fragile tip and tip shaft structures. In addition, the tip shaft 8 of the present invention is less costly than devices having the sensor coupled to the tip shaft because the tip shaft need not be made larger to support this structure and is inherently less complex. The writing pressure is measured by directly measuring bending stress in the hollow shaft 4. Stress is not measured by sensing strain, so the physical properties, variation and environmental sensitivity of shaft 4 have no direct effect on the accuracy of writing pressure measurement.
The solid coupling of the pen cartridge 6 and the hollow shaft 4 provides a stable and rigid pen, with.no deflection or compliance experienced by the pen tip 8 during writing. The location of sensor means 10 also physically distances the signal pickup portion from the tip itself, which bears the pressure of the writing act on a very small surface. Thus the sensor means 10 bears a distributed load imparted by the user in moving the stylus and does not directly bear the load of the stylus and the act of writing, as would be encountered if sensors 10 were placed at or near tip 8. The stylus of the present invention is therefore a more rugged and durable device than a stylus in which the pressure sensor is integral with the tip. In operation, a user grasps stylus 2 to apply pressure to tip 8 to write a signature or phrase. Pressure- sensitive sensors 10 detect the pressure variations imposed on shaft 4 when the user puts stylus 2 in contact with the writin surface to pressure the stylus to move in the pattern necessary to form the signature or phrase. Suitable signal processing can be used to compare the pressure pattern generated with the pressure pattern of the reference signature or phrase to determine authenticity.
The invention has now been explained with reference to specific embodiments. Variations and modifications will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. For example, three, five or even more sensor portions may be employed without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention should be construed in light of the claims.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A stylus for generating signals in response to tactile pressure comprising: a shaft having a tip; at least a first pressure-sensitive sensor embedded in said shaft at a first location at a first displacement from said tip; at least a second pressure-sensitive sensor embedded in said shaft at a second location at said first displacement from said tip; and at least a third pressure-sensitive sensor embedded in said shaft at a third location at said first displacement from said tip.
2. The stylus according to claim 1 further including a fourth pressure-sensitive sensor embedded in said shaft at a fourth location at said first displacement from said tip, said first, second, third and fourth sensors being disposed in an annulus about said shaft at a preselected distance from said tip.
3. The stylus according to claim 1 wherein said pressure-sensitive sensors are disposed at a position adjacent a junction of a barrel portion and a cone portion of the shaft in order to sense pressure in the shaft as between gripping fingers and the tip in contact with a writing surface, at a preselected distance from said tip.
4. The stylus according to claim 2 wherein said first pressure-sensitive sensor and said third pressure-sensitive sensor are disposed opposing one another across said shaft.
5. The stylus according to claim 4 wherein said second pressure-sensitive sensor and said fourth pressure-sensitive sensor are disposed opposing one another across said shaft.
6. The stylus according to claim 5 wherein said first pressure-sensitive sensor and said third pressure-sensitive sensor are disposed along a first axis and said second pressure-sensitive sensor and said fourth pressure-sensitive sensor are disposed along a second axis, said first axis being orthogonal to said second axis, and said first and second axis being orthogonal to a central axis of said shaft.
7. The stylus according to claim 6 wherein said first pressure-sensitive sensor and said third pressure-sensitive sensor are sensitive only to pressures along said first axis and wherein said second pressure-sensitive sensor and said fourth pressure-sensitive sensor are sensitive only to pressures along said second axis.
8. The stylus according to claim 1 wherein said shaft is substantially circularly cylindrical.
PCT/US1992/002169 1991-05-23 1992-03-17 Stylus for handwriting identification WO1992021114A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/704,761 US5111004A (en) 1991-05-23 1991-05-23 Stylus for handwriting identification
US704,761 1991-05-23

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JP (1) JPH05173694A (en)
AU (1) AU2224492A (en)
WO (1) WO1992021114A1 (en)

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DE19649573A1 (en) * 1996-11-29 1998-06-04 Harald Reiter Computer input device for controlling movement on monitor display
WO2003057505A2 (en) * 2002-01-10 2003-07-17 H & M Gutberlet Gmbh Writing utensil, writing head for a writing utensil, and production method for a writing head of this type
CN107776282A (en) * 2017-09-25 2018-03-09 南京律智诚专利技术开发有限公司 Intelligent posture correction pen based on pressure sensor

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US6549935B1 (en) * 1999-05-25 2003-04-15 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Method of distributing documents having common components to a plurality of destinations
KR100408518B1 (en) 2001-04-12 2003-12-06 삼성전자주식회사 Pen input device and Measuring method of coordinate
WO2002093351A1 (en) * 2001-05-16 2002-11-21 Axiom Co., Ltd. Writing instrument for writing discriminating system
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US6882340B2 (en) * 2001-10-19 2005-04-19 Wacom Co., Ltd. Electronic pen
WO2004102929A2 (en) * 2003-05-12 2004-11-25 Future Dial, Inc. Mobile electronic device with integrated stylus input device
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US8836653B1 (en) 2011-06-28 2014-09-16 Google Inc. Extending host device functionality using a mobile device
KR101979680B1 (en) 2012-12-05 2019-05-20 삼성전자주식회사 Tactile sensor
US9851818B2 (en) 2015-10-19 2017-12-26 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Handheld input apparatus
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US10126842B2 (en) * 2016-12-28 2018-11-13 Intel Corporation Device for writing with character stroke sensing
CN112248684A (en) * 2020-11-10 2021-01-22 中科海微(北京)科技有限公司 Holding posture correcting and myopia preventing and controlling intelligent pen
CN115593137A (en) * 2022-11-04 2023-01-13 南京工程学院（Cn） Method for manufacturing handwriting identification piezoelectric pen based on three-dimensional force detection

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DE19649573C2 (en) * 1996-11-29 1998-11-05 Harald Reiter Input device for the transmission of movements
WO2003057505A2 (en) * 2002-01-10 2003-07-17 H & M Gutberlet Gmbh Writing utensil, writing head for a writing utensil, and production method for a writing head of this type
WO2003057505A3 (en) * 2002-01-10 2004-01-15 H & M Gutberlet Gmbh Writing utensil, writing head for a writing utensil, and production method for a writing head of this type
CN107776282A (en) * 2017-09-25 2018-03-09 南京律智诚专利技术开发有限公司 Intelligent posture correction pen based on pressure sensor

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JPH05173694A (en) 1993-07-13
AU2224492A (en) 1992-12-30
US5111004A (en) 1992-05-05

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