WO1991003053A1 - A method of and apparatus for assisting in editing recorded audio material - Google Patents

A method of and apparatus for assisting in editing recorded audio material Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1991003053A1
WO1991003053A1 PCT/GB1990/001304 GB9001304W WO9103053A1 WO 1991003053 A1 WO1991003053 A1 WO 1991003053A1 GB 9001304 W GB9001304 W GB 9001304W WO 9103053 A1 WO9103053 A1 WO 9103053A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
audio
video
components
audio material
representation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1990/001304
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jerome Trevor Prince
Original Assignee
Jemani Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jemani Ltd. filed Critical Jemani Ltd.
Publication of WO1991003053A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991003053A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
    • G11B27/10—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel
    • G11B27/34—Indicating arrangements 
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
    • G11B27/02—Editing, e.g. varying the order of information signals recorded on, or reproduced from, record carriers
    • G11B27/022—Electronic editing of analogue information signals, e.g. audio or video signals
    • G11B27/024—Electronic editing of analogue information signals, e.g. audio or video signals on tapes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
    • G11B27/02—Editing, e.g. varying the order of information signals recorded on, or reproduced from, record carriers
    • G11B27/022—Electronic editing of analogue information signals, e.g. audio or video signals
    • G11B27/028—Electronic editing of analogue information signals, e.g. audio or video signals with computer assistance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B2220/00—Record carriers by type
    • G11B2220/90—Tape-like record carriers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of and apparatus for assisting in editing recorded audio material, which material may be recorded on its own or in conjunction with associated video material.
  • audio and visual material can be made to be static by holding a frame constant. Furthermore sequential frames around an edit point can be viewed backwards and forwards at a number of different speeds with the pictures still being recognisable. With sound mate ⁇ rial this is much more difficult - firstly because of the dynamic nature of sound it cannot be 'frozen' and listened to constantly. There is no audio equivalent of a video still frame, and secondly, when audio is played at different speeds it soon becomes unrecog ⁇ nisable.
  • Another known solution is to convert the audio information to visual information and display both the visual information and video frames in synchroni ⁇ sation. It is well known that if an instrument such as an oscilloscope is connected to an audio device such as an amplifier then the wave-form displayed will be a visual representation of the sound coming from the loud speakers. The height of the wave-form could represent the loudness of the sound and the distance between waves represents the frequency or pitch of the sound. Many differing displays are possible depending on what kind of analysis is re ⁇ quired. Using digital techniques the electrical frequencies within an audio system can be easily converted to a sequence of numbers representing discrete pieces of information at the sampling inter ⁇ val.
  • This known technique is useful in the context of audio editing because it allows a sequence of audio to be displayed linearly across a monitor in the manner of a graph. The audio can then be viewed as a pattern which has a recognisable correlation with the sound which caused it. It also has the benefit of being made static so that it can be viewed simultane ⁇ ously with associated pictures. This technique by itself allows editors to 'see' gaps between words or beats in music and relate them to associated pic ⁇ tures. However it does not enable any more detailed visual recognition of the audio track.
  • one aspect of the present invention consists in a method of assisting editing of recorded audio material characterized by the steps of:- analysing components of the audio material over a period of time; representing the analysed components in the form of different colours; and visually displaying the coloured representation of the components such that the analysed audio mate ⁇ rial may be recognised from the display.
  • the displayed, coloured representation of the components may then be utilised in any suitable process of editing the audio material.
  • the analysed components are audio frequency components of the recorded audio material.
  • the displayed coloured representation may include a plurality of colours, each representing a predetermined bandwidth of the audio frequency spectrum.
  • the colours may be com ⁇ bined in different proportions, the proportions being related to the frequency values obtained from the frequency bandwidths at any given time, and the combined coloured representation may be visually displayed.
  • the visual display of the coloured representation may also be related to the sound intensity of the audio material.
  • the sound intensity may be represented, for example, by the area and/or the colour intensity of the coloured region or re ⁇ gions of the representation.
  • one or more frames of the video material may be visually displayed simultaneously with the visual display of the coloured representation of the audio material associated with the displayed frame or frames.
  • the video frame or frames and the coloured representation of the audio material associated therewith may be displayed in synchronisation on the same screen.
  • the video frame or frames and the coloured representation of the associated audio aterial may be displayed simultaneously on separate adja ⁇ cent screens.
  • apparatus for assisting in editing of recorded audio material characterized in that it comprises means for analysing components of the audio material over a period of time, means for representing the analysed components in the form of different colours, and means for visually displaying the coloured representation of the components such that the analysed audio material may be recognised from the display.
  • the analysing means comprises an audio frequency analyser having an input for receiving the recorded audio material.
  • the means for representing the analysed components in the form of different colours may consist of a computer-controlled device having an input for receiving a signal indicative of the analysed components from the audio frequency analyser and having a colour graphic output.
  • the coloured representation produced by the computer-controlled device may be transmitted via the colour graphic output to a colour computer monitor for visually displaying the coloured representation.
  • the computer-controlled device may have another input for receiving the video material and for transmitting one or more frames of the video material to the monitor for synchronous visual dis ⁇ play of the frame or frames and the coloured representation of the audio material associated therewith on a single screen.
  • the video material may be displayed on anoth ⁇ er monitor screen located adjacent the screen dis ⁇ playing the coloured representation of the audio material.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically one embodiment of an apparatus in accordance with the present inven ⁇ tion
  • Figure 2 shows schematically one embodiment of a visual display of a coloured representation produced in accordance with the present invention.
  • a video/audio tape recorder 1 has an audio output 2 connected to an audio frequency analyser 3.
  • the frequency analyser receives the recorded audio material from the tape recorder and an audio frequency filter/divider 4 divides the frequency components of the audio materi ⁇ al over a period of time into low frequency (0- 100Hz), medium frequency (100-lOOOHz) and high fre ⁇ quency (>1000Hz) bandwidths .
  • the value for each bandwidth is digitised by three analogue to digital converters 5 and the digitised outputs from the converters are collected in a data encoder and trans ⁇ mitter 6.
  • the data comprising the digitised, analy ⁇ sed audio frequency components from the bandwidths of the audio material are then transmitted via a serial link 7 to a computer 8 with a colour graphic output 9.
  • a trans- formation on the data is applied to represent the audio data in the form of equivalent colour video data.
  • the colour video data is transmitted via the colour graphic output 9 to a colour computer monitor screen 10 on which a coloured representation 11 is visually displayed such that an editor of the audio material can recognise the analysed audio material from the display.
  • the tape recorder 1 may also have a video output 12 which can be connected to the computer 8, so that one or more frames 13 of the video material associated with the colour representation 11 of the audio material may be displayed simultaneously on the screen 10 for synchronised editing of the audio and video material.
  • the video output 12 may be connected to an adjacent sepa ⁇ rate video monitor screen 14 for visual display of the video frame or frames on the separate monitor screen in synchronisation with the coloured representation 11.
  • the data transmitted to the computer comprises three values from the three separate frequency bandwidths (low, medium, high), as referred to hereinabove, over a period of time.
  • These three values are represented by the computer in the form of three primary colours, i.e. blue for low frequency, green for medium frequency and red for high frequency, and the colours are displayed in the repre ⁇ sentation 15 as shown in Figure 2.
  • the resultant three primary colours can also be added in different proportions, which are dependent on the three values, so as to produce a colour which is a combination of all three. and the combined colour can be displayed on the representation 15 as shown.
  • the size of the displayed waveform and the intensity of colour are related to the loudness of the sound in a particular part of the audio spectrum.
  • the hue of the combined colour is related to the ratios between the different audio frequency compo ⁇ nents.
  • the display in Figure 2 may also include indi ⁇ vidual video frames 16 corresponding to the audio spectrum across a time line. As the frames scroll across the monitor screen from left to right so does the audio representation.
  • the number of frequency bands and their band- widths is unimportant as is the method of ascertain ⁇ ing the energy values of the sound in those bands.
  • a computer display can be made to represent those components using different colours in such a way that the resultant display can be used to aid the recognition of audio components in the edit ⁇ ing process and thus determine the content of the sound at any given point.
  • the representations can be synchronised in time in such a way that the process of editing is greatly assisted. It is irrelevant what colours or how many are chosen to represent what components of the sound, or what shapes the colours are displayed on the screen. The fact is that even a simple analysis of sound into two components and using two colours can greatly aid the visual discerning of sound information. In prac ⁇ tise three components and 255 different colours are optimal for the required application of video edit ⁇ ing.
  • any suitable method or type of analysis and/or method of transfer to the computer may be used.
  • both the analyser and computer could be integral in a single unit and even on a single silicon chip.
  • any suitable method of visually displaying the coloured representation may also be utilised.
  • any device capable of producing a linear coloured representation such as a cathode ray tube or a colour printer, may be used, or even a simple set of light bulbs.
  • the method of converting audio frequencies into colours may also be implemented non-digitally in an entirely analogue electrical way.
  • the method and apparatus in accord ⁇ ance with the present invention is equally applica ⁇ ble to recorded material which is audio only as it is to recorded audio and video material.

Abstract

The apparatus comprises a video/audio tape recorder (1) connected, via an audio output (2), to a frequency analyser (3). The frequency analyser (3) divides the frequency components of the audio material into a plurality of frequency bandwidths over a period of time and the value for each bandwidth is digitised and transmitted to a computer (8) with a colour graphic output (9). After transmission to the computer, a transformation is carried out on the data to represent the values of the bandwidth as different colours in the form of colour video data. The colour video data is visually displayed on a screen (10) in the form of a coloured representation (11). One or more frames (13) of video material may be displayed simultaneously with the coloured representation (11) on the same screen (10) or on another screen (14).

Description

A METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR ASSISTING IN
EDITING RECORDED AUDIO MATERIAL
The present invention relates to a method of and apparatus for assisting in editing recorded audio material, which material may be recorded on its own or in conjunction with associated video material.
It is acknowledged by film and video tape edi¬ tors that the decision on where to make a cut in a sequence of recorded pictures is determined by both the visual and sound content of the material. It depends on the material and the type of programme that is being constructed, but it has been suggested that 50% of the cuts are made according to sound cues.
The difference between audio and visual material is that visual material can be made to be static by holding a frame constant. Furthermore sequential frames around an edit point can be viewed backwards and forwards at a number of different speeds with the pictures still being recognisable. With sound mate¬ rial this is much more difficult - firstly because of the dynamic nature of sound it cannot be 'frozen' and listened to constantly. There is no audio equivalent of a video still frame, and secondly, when audio is played at different speeds it soon becomes unrecog¬ nisable.
The problem exists therefore as to how to decide on the location of an audio edit point without having to constantly replay the audio around that point. If the audio and video are moved in synchronisation then any audio point long enough to distinguish its con¬ tent requires that several frames of video have to be displayed, which would require the film or tape transport being constantly re-wound and replayed.
One possible known solution is to record both the sound and video onto a non-linear device (such as a computer disc) which would allow the edit point to be reviewed continually without the need for re¬ winding.
Another known solution is to convert the audio information to visual information and display both the visual information and video frames in synchroni¬ sation. It is well known that if an instrument such as an oscilloscope is connected to an audio device such as an amplifier then the wave-form displayed will be a visual representation of the sound coming from the loud speakers. The height of the wave-form could represent the loudness of the sound and the distance between waves represents the frequency or pitch of the sound. Many differing displays are possible depending on what kind of analysis is re¬ quired. Using digital techniques the electrical frequencies within an audio system can be easily converted to a sequence of numbers representing discrete pieces of information at the sampling inter¬ val. These numbers can be captured and processed mathematically by a digital computer and using var¬ ious mathematical transformations, can be converted to visual images for display on a screen. The com¬ puter could then record a sequence of wave-forms over time and then be made to display the recording back again in a variety of ways. The most useful would be to represent the 'energy' of the sound sample as a linear graph where the louder the sound is the higher the graph would be.
This known technique is useful in the context of audio editing because it allows a sequence of audio to be displayed linearly across a monitor in the manner of a graph. The audio can then be viewed as a pattern which has a recognisable correlation with the sound which caused it. It also has the benefit of being made static so that it can be viewed simultane¬ ously with associated pictures. This technique by itself allows editors to 'see' gaps between words or beats in music and relate them to associated pic¬ tures. However it does not enable any more detailed visual recognition of the audio track.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method of and apparatus for assisting in editing recorded audio material which produces an improved visual representation of the audio material.
Accordingly, one aspect of the present invention consists in a method of assisting editing of recorded audio material characterized by the steps of:- analysing components of the audio material over a period of time; representing the analysed components in the form of different colours; and visually displaying the coloured representation of the components such that the analysed audio mate¬ rial may be recognised from the display. The displayed, coloured representation of the components may then be utilised in any suitable process of editing the audio material.
In a preferred embodiment, the analysed components are audio frequency components of the recorded audio material. The displayed coloured representation may include a plurality of colours, each representing a predetermined bandwidth of the audio frequency spectrum. The colours may be com¬ bined in different proportions, the proportions being related to the frequency values obtained from the frequency bandwidths at any given time, and the combined coloured representation may be visually displayed.
The visual display of the coloured representation may also be related to the sound intensity of the audio material. The sound intensity may be represented, for example, by the area and/or the colour intensity of the coloured region or re¬ gions of the representation.
If the recorded audio material has recorded video material associated therewith, one or more frames of the video material may be visually displayed simultaneously with the visual display of the coloured representation of the audio material associated with the displayed frame or frames. The video frame or frames and the coloured representation of the audio material associated therewith may be displayed in synchronisation on the same screen. Alternatively, the video frame or frames and the coloured representation of the associated audio aterial may be displayed simultaneously on separate adja¬ cent screens.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided apparatus for assisting in editing of recorded audio material, characterized in that it comprises means for analysing components of the audio material over a period of time, means for representing the analysed components in the form of different colours, and means for visually displaying the coloured representation of the components such that the analysed audio material may be recognised from the display.
In one embodiment, the analysing means comprises an audio frequency analyser having an input for receiving the recorded audio material. The means for representing the analysed components in the form of different colours may consist of a computer-controlled device having an input for receiving a signal indicative of the analysed components from the audio frequency analyser and having a colour graphic output. The coloured representation produced by the computer-controlled device may be transmitted via the colour graphic output to a colour computer monitor for visually displaying the coloured representation.
If the recorded audio material has recorded video material associated therewith, the computer-controlled device may have another input for receiving the video material and for transmitting one or more frames of the video material to the monitor for synchronous visual dis¬ play of the frame or frames and the coloured representation of the audio material associated therewith on a single screen. Alterna- tively, the video material may be displayed on anoth¬ er monitor screen located adjacent the screen dis¬ playing the coloured representation of the audio material.
In order that the present invention may be more readily understood, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, in whichs-
Figure 1 shows schematically one embodiment of an apparatus in accordance with the present inven¬ tion, and
Figure 2 shows schematically one embodiment of a visual display of a coloured representation produced in accordance with the present invention.
Referring firstly to Figure 1, a video/audio tape recorder 1 has an audio output 2 connected to an audio frequency analyser 3. The frequency analyser receives the recorded audio material from the tape recorder and an audio frequency filter/divider 4 divides the frequency components of the audio materi¬ al over a period of time into low frequency (0- 100Hz), medium frequency (100-lOOOHz) and high fre¬ quency (>1000Hz) bandwidths . The value for each bandwidth is digitised by three analogue to digital converters 5 and the digitised outputs from the converters are collected in a data encoder and trans¬ mitter 6. The data comprising the digitised, analy¬ sed audio frequency components from the bandwidths of the audio material are then transmitted via a serial link 7 to a computer 8 with a colour graphic output 9.
After transmission to the computer 8, a trans- formation on the data is applied to represent the audio data in the form of equivalent colour video data. The colour video data is transmitted via the colour graphic output 9 to a colour computer monitor screen 10 on which a coloured representation 11 is visually displayed such that an editor of the audio material can recognise the analysed audio material from the display.
The tape recorder 1 may also have a video output 12 which can be connected to the computer 8, so that one or more frames 13 of the video material associated with the colour representation 11 of the audio material may be displayed simultaneously on the screen 10 for synchronised editing of the audio and video material. Alternatively, the video output 12 may be connected to an adjacent sepa¬ rate video monitor screen 14 for visual display of the video frame or frames on the separate monitor screen in synchronisation with the coloured representation 11.
The data transmitted to the computer comprises three values from the three separate frequency bandwidths (low, medium, high), as referred to hereinabove, over a period of time. These three values are represented by the computer in the form of three primary colours, i.e. blue for low frequency, green for medium frequency and red for high frequency, and the colours are displayed in the repre¬ sentation 15 as shown in Figure 2. The resultant three primary colours can also be added in different proportions, which are dependent on the three values, so as to produce a colour which is a combination of all three. and the combined colour can be displayed on the representation 15 as shown.
The size of the displayed waveform and the intensity of colour are related to the loudness of the sound in a particular part of the audio spectrum. The hue of the combined colour is related to the ratios between the different audio frequency compo¬ nents.
The display in Figure 2 may also include indi¬ vidual video frames 16 corresponding to the audio spectrum across a time line. As the frames scroll across the monitor screen from left to right so does the audio representation.
Using different mappings between the energy levels of the frequency bands and different satura¬ tions or levels of the primary colours gives a range of colours in the light spectrum which would corre¬ spond to the range of frequencies in the sound spec¬ trum.
The number of frequency bands and their band- widths is unimportant as is the method of ascertain¬ ing the energy values of the sound in those bands. Once sound has been analysed into whatever components are required then a computer display can be made to represent those components using different colours in such a way that the resultant display can be used to aid the recognition of audio components in the edit¬ ing process and thus determine the content of the sound at any given point. The representations can be synchronised in time in such a way that the process of editing is greatly assisted. It is irrelevant what colours or how many are chosen to represent what components of the sound, or what shapes the colours are displayed on the screen. The fact is that even a simple analysis of sound into two components and using two colours can greatly aid the visual discerning of sound information. In prac¬ tise three components and 255 different colours are optimal for the required application of video edit¬ ing.
Whilst a particular embodiment has been de¬ scribed, it will be understood that modifications can be made without departure from the scope of the invention.
For instance, any suitable method or type of analysis and/or method of transfer to the computer may be used. For example, both the analyser and computer could be integral in a single unit and even on a single silicon chip.
Any suitable method of visually displaying the coloured representation may also be utilised. For example, any device capable of producing a linear coloured representation, such as a cathode ray tube or a colour printer, may be used, or even a simple set of light bulbs. The method of converting audio frequencies into colours may also be implemented non-digitally in an entirely analogue electrical way.
Furthermore, the method and apparatus in accord¬ ance with the present invention, is equally applica¬ ble to recorded material which is audio only as it is to recorded audio and video material.

Claims

1. A method of assisting editing of recorded audio material, characterized by the steps of:- analysing components of the audio material over a period of time; representing the analysed components in the form of different colours; and visually displaying the coloured representation (11) of the components such that the analysed audio materi¬ al may be recognised from the display.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the analy¬ sed components are audio frequency components of the re¬ corded audio material.
3. A method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the dis¬ played coloured representation (11) includes a plurality of colours, each representing a predetermined bandwidth of the audio frequency spectrum.
4. A method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the colours are combined in different proportions, the proportions being related to the frequency values obtained from the frequency bandwidths at any given time, the combined co¬ loured representation (11) being visually displayed.
5. A method as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the visual display of the coloured representation (11) is related to the sound intensity of the audio material.
6. A method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the sound intensity is represented by the area and/or the colour intensity of the coloured region or regions of the repre¬ sentation (11) .
7. A method as claimed in any preceding claim, where¬ in, if the recorded audio material has recorded video material associated therewith, one or more frames (13, 16) of the video material are visually displayed simultaneously with the visual display of the coloured representation (11) of the audio material associated with the displayed frame or frames (13, 16).
8. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the video frame or frames (13, 16) and coloured representation (11) of the audio material associated therewith are visually displayed in synchronisation on the same screen.
9. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the video frame or frames (13, 16) and the coloured representation (11) of the audio material associated therewith are visual¬ ly displayed simultaneously on separate adjacent screens.
10. Apparatus for assisting in editing of recorded audio material, characterized in that it comprises means (3) for analysing components of the audio material over a period of time, means ( 8) for representing the analysed components in the form of different colours, and means (10) for visually displaying the coloured representation (11) of the components such that the analysed audio material may be recognised from the display.
11. Apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein the analysing means (13) comprises an audio frequency analyser (3) having an input for receiving the recorded audio mate¬ rial.
12. Apparatus as claimed in claim 11, wherein the means ( 8) for representing the analysed components in the form of different colours consists of a computer-controlled device ( 8) having an input (7) for receiving a signal indicative of the analysed components from the audio fre¬ quency analyser (3) and having a colour graphic output (9) .
13. Apparatus as claimed in claim 12, wherein the coloured representation (11) produced by the computer- controlled device ( 8) is arranged to be transmitted via the colour graphic output (9) to a colour monitor screen (10) for visually displaying the coloured representation (11).
14. Apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein, if the recorded audio material has recorded video material associ¬ ated therewith, the computer-controlled device ( 8) is arranged to be connected to a video output for receiving the video material and to transmit one or more frames (13, 16) of the video material to the monitor screen (10) for synchronous visual display of the frame or frames (13, 16) and the coloured representation (11) of the audio material associated therewith.
15. Apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein, if the recorded audio material has recorded video material associ¬ ated therewith, the computer-controlled device (8) is arranged to be connected to a video output, which is also connected to another monitor screen (14), for visual display of one or more frames (13, 16) of the video materi¬ al on the other screen (14) in synchronisation with the coloured representation (11) of the audio material associ¬ ated therewith.
PCT/GB1990/001304 1989-08-18 1990-08-17 A method of and apparatus for assisting in editing recorded audio material WO1991003053A1 (en)

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GB898918852A GB8918852D0 (en) 1989-08-18 1989-08-18 A method of and apparatus for assisting in editing recorded audio material
GB8918852.8 1989-08-18

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GB8918852D0 (en) 1989-09-27

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