US9440544B2 - Battery management system and method - Google Patents
Battery management system and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US9440544B2 US9440544B2 US14/211,997 US201414211997A US9440544B2 US 9440544 B2 US9440544 B2 US 9440544B2 US 201414211997 A US201414211997 A US 201414211997A US 9440544 B2 US9440544 B2 US 9440544B2
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- Prior art keywords
- battery
- charger
- management system
- sensor
- vehicle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/65—Monitoring or controlling charging stations involving identification of vehicles or their battery types
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- B60L11/1822—
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- B60L11/1846—
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- B60L11/1848—
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/66—Data transfer between charging stations and vehicles
- B60L53/665—Methods related to measuring, billing or payment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y02T10/7005—
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
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- Y02T90/121—
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- Y02T90/124—
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- Y02T90/128—
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
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- Y02T90/163—
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/167—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
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- Y02T90/168—
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- Y02T90/169—
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
- Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
- Y04S30/12—Remote or cooperative charging
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
- Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
- Y04S30/14—Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing
Definitions
- Implementations described herein relate to a battery management system for managing the charging and service life of batteries. More particularly, in one aspect the invention relates to system and methods for managing a fleet of industrial batteries, vehicles, and chargers on a facility and corporate scale.
- Management of a battery is typically performed by monitoring the voltage at its terminals, discharging of the battery being for example interrupted at a low voltage threshold and charging thereof being interrupted at a high voltage threshold. Such a system is depicted in FIG. 1A .
- a battery that has reached one of these two limit voltages is disconnected in order to protect it, respectively, from overcharging or from extensive discharging which could damage the battery irreversibly.
- a re-chargable battery presents a decrease of its capacity with time and use. This decrease is a function of the conditions of use of the battery and its extent is generally difficult to evaluate without measuring the battery capacity.
- a battery is considered to be defective and needing replacement when its capacity drops below 80% of its nominal or initial capacity.
- FIG. 1B In order to improve battery management and use fewer batterys to service a given number of vehicles and as shown in FIG. 1B , installations use a plurality of rechargeable batteries that collectively are referred to as a battery bank.
- the batteries of a battery bank system are recharged simultaneously or successively so as to keep them permanently charged.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B A conventional battery management system and associated battery management database are illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B , respectively.
- Implementations described herein relate to systems and methods for monitoring, improving and/or controlling systematic use of vehicle batteries in a facility or across an organization.
- a battery management system comprises a plurality of batteries, each battery comprising a battery ID attached thereto; a plurality of chargers, each charger comprising a charger ID attached thereto and being configured to selectively charge a battery; a plurality of vehicles, each vehicle comprising a vehicle ID attached thereto; and a plurality of ID sensor units, each ID sensor unit configured to read the respective battery, charger and vehicle IDs; and a management server coupled to the plurality of ID sensor units.
- the management server is programmed or otherwise configured to receive information sent from each of the plurality of chargers regarding the number of charging cycles for a battery associated with the battery ID; cumulatively sum the received number of charging cycles for each battery ID; associating the battery ID with the cumulatively summed number of chargings and allow the number of charging cycles to be recorded; and determine that the corresponding battery has reached its useful life limit when the cumulatively summed number of charging cycles has reached a predetermined number for the respective battery ID.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic illustrating a conventional battery charging method.
- FIG. 1B is a schematic figure illustrating the merits of a conventional battery pooling module over the method illustrated in FIG. 1A . Such merits can include use of fewer batteries to operatively service a given number of vehicles and cost savings.
- FIG. 2A is a schematic figure illustrating a conventional battery management system and FIG. 2B illustrates an associated conventional battery management database.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic figure illustrating one aspect of a battery management system according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic figure illustrating aspects of an exemplary battery management system.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic figure illustrating aspects of an exemplary battery management system.
- FIG. 6A shows one exemplary report generated by the management server of the battery management system.
- FIG. 6B shows a second exemplary report generated by the management server of the battery management system.
- FIG. 7 shows another exemplary report generated by the management server of the battery management system.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart of one exemplary method for making object associations. It is contemplated that the object can be any one of a battery, a charger or a vehicle.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart of one exemplary method for processing object associations. It is contemplated that the object can be any one of a battery, a charger or a vehicle.
- Ranges can be expressed herein as from “about” one particular value, and/or to “about” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another aspect includes from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent “about,” it will be understood that the particular value forms another aspect. It will be further understood that the endpoints of each of the ranges are significant both in relation to the other endpoint, and independently of the other endpoint.
- the terms “optional” or “optionally” mean that the subsequently described event or circumstance can or can not occur, and that the description includes instances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances where it does not.
- the present disclosure relates to a battery management system 100 for managing the charging and service life of batteries.
- An exemplary battery management system is illustrated in FIG. 3 .
- the battery management system comprises a plurality of batteries 10 , each battery comprising a battery ID 12 attached thereto; a plurality of chargers 20 , each charger comprising a charger ID 22 attached thereto and being configured to selectively charge a battery; a plurality of vehicles 30 , each vehicle comprising a vehicle ID 32 attached thereto; and a plurality of ID sensor units 40 , each ID sensor unit 40 configured to read the respective battery, charger and vehicle IDs; and a management server 50 coupled to the plurality of ID sensor units that is programmed or otherwise configured to receive information sent from each of the plurality of chargers.
- present disclosure relates to methods for managing a fleet of industrial batteries for vehicles, and chargers on a facility and corporate scale.
- the batteries 10 can comprise rechargeable batteries which can be recharged by a conventional charger.
- each battery has an individual battery identification modality 12 (the battery ID) attached thereto in a readable manner.
- An identification modality can comprise, for example and without limitation, an optical storage means, an RFID tag, and the like.
- an optical storage means comprises, for example and without limitation, barcodes, matrix codes and the like.
- each charger 20 has an individual charger identification modality 22 (the charger ID), attached thereto in a readable manner.
- each vehicle 30 has an individual vehicle identification modality 32 (the vehicle ID), attached thereto in a readable manner.
- each battery, charger, and vehicle in a system has a unique identification modality.
- the chargers can be configured to conventionally charge the batteries when electrically coupled thereto. While it is contemplated that a conventional charger can be used, an exemplary charger 20 can comprise one or more of: a battery detection unit 23 , a charging unit 24 , a communication unit 25 , and a control unit 26 configured to control each charger.
- the battery detection unit 23 can be configured to detect the battery 10 when it is electrically coupled to or electrically decoupled from the charger 20 .
- the battery detection unit can be configured to detect a battery 10 being coupled to the charger 20 for a given period of time and can provide the coupling status to the control unit 26 and/or the coupled management server 50 .
- the charger 20 can charge the battery 10 by supplying DC electricity thereto under the control of the control unit 26 .
- the control unit 26 can be configured to allow the charging unit 24 to measure the voltage and resistance of the battery 10 in order to determine whether the battery 10 satisfies the predetermined requirements necessary for terminating a charge cycle. It is contemplated that operation and desired predetermined requirements can be programmed into the management server 50 and/or the control unit 26 . Upon the determination that the battery 10 satisfies the predetermined requirements, the control unit 26 can effect the termination of a charging cycle.
- the communication unit 25 can be configured to provide information to the management server 50 .
- the communication unit 25 can associate the information indicative of the end of charging the battery 10 with the identification IDs of the battery 10 and charger 20 read by the ID sensor unit 40 and can then send or otherwise process the information to the management server 50 .
- the control unit 26 can be configured to control the communication unit 25 to send the information indicative of the completion of a charging cycle upon meeting the predetermined requirements necessary for terminating a charge cycle.
- the control unit 26 can also control the communication unit 25 to send the information indicative of the completion of a charging cycle in response to the request for polling from the management server 50 .
- the control unit can be operated to charge the battery 10 mounted to the charger 20 , and then end the charging when the battery 10 has satisfied the predetermined requirements necessary for terminating a charging cycle.
- a management server 50 can be programmed or otherwise configured to determine the precise location of each of the vehicles, batteries and chargers within each facility.
- the system can comprise a plurality of batteries 10 , a plurality of chargers 20 , a plurality of vehicles 30 , and a plurality of ID sensor units 40 configured to reqad the respective battery, charger and vehicle IDs and that is operatively coupled management server 50 .
- a plurality of ID sensor units 40 can be distributed throughout the facility.
- the ID sensor units can be positioned at natural choke points for passage of vehicles to allow for sensing the battery ID and vehicle ID of the paired battery and vehicle.
- the at least one ID sensor unit can be positioned proximate the charger stand to allow for the sensing the battery ID and charger ID of the paired battery and charger.
- the management server 50 can be configured to recognize the respective ID of each battery 10 , charger 20 , and vehicle 30 based on the information received from the ID sensor unit 40 . In a further aspect, the management server 50 can be configured to recognize when the respective, batteries, chargers, and vehicles operate in pair relationships, i.e., when a particular battery is operatively coupled to a particular charger or vehicle.
- FIG. 8 depicts a flowchart of one exemplary method for making object associations.
- the object can be any one of a battery, a charger or a vehicle.
- the system 100 querys whether an object associated with the system has been identified. If so, the query proceeds to determine whether a selectively preset pairing timeout threshold has elapsed. If not, then the system determines if a complementary object has been identified and, if so, the system processes the object association.
- the management server 50 can be coupled to a plurality of batteries, chargers and vehicles for example, via a network.
- the management server 50 can comprise at least one of: a communication unit 51 , a recording unit 52 , and a management unit 53 and be adapted to analyze and control the plurality of batteries use.
- the management system 50 can be configured to gather additional data and process the object associations.
- FIG. 9 depicts a flowchart of one exemplary method for processing object associations.
- the object can be any one of a battery, a charger or a vehicle.
- the system 100 Upon activation, the system 100 is prompted to gather object data from the paired objects. The system 100 then querys whether the two objects have been previously associated and, if so, removes the previous association. Next, the system creates a new association and records the relevant data to an associated database.
- the communication unit 51 can be adapted to receive the information indicative of the completion of a battery charging cycle for a battery associated with a respective pair of battery and charger IDs and can process that information to the management unit 53 .
- the charger 20 can be operatively coupled to the management server 50 and can be adapted to send information to the management server for centralized management of the service life of the battery and charge management of the battery.
- the charger can have a battery sensor ID reader configured to read a battery ID associated with a given battery; and a communication unit 25 configured to associate the read battery ID with the information indicative of completion of charging and transmit the information for centralized management of the service life of the battery.
- the management unit 53 upon receiving information indicative of completion of a battery charging cycle for a given battery from a charger 20 , the management unit 53 can be configured or otherwise programmed to cumulatively sum, as the number of completed charging cycles, the number of receptions of the information indicative of the end of a charging cycle for each battery ID. Then, the summed number of completed charging cycles of a particular ID battery can be stored in the recording unit of the management system 50 . In a further aspect, the management unit 53 can be configured to manage the service life of the battery based on the number of completed charging cycles recorded in the recording unit for a particular battery ID. For example, and without limitation, when a predefined number of charging cycles has been reached, the management unit 53 can indicate that the respective battery has reached its useful life limit and can initiate a protocol for removal and replacement of the battery within the system.
- the management unit 53 of the management server 50 can determine whether the number of charging cycles corresponding to a particular battery ID has reached the predetermined number of charging cycles. If the number of charging cycles has not yet reached the predetermined number, the battery can be determined to have not yet reached its useful life limit, and can be then determined to be in a normal condition and thus usable. On the other hand, if the number of charging cycles corresponding to a particular battery ID has reached the predetermined number of charging cycles, the battery can be determined to have reached its useful life limit and thus indicated for replacement. Optionally, if a given battery is indicated for replacement, the management unit 53 can transmit an indication to the charger to end the charging cycle of the battery.
- the management server 50 can use the stored data to calculate and compare individual battery performance. In another aspect, the management server can use the stored data to indicate or select the battery to be used in the next battery change based on, for example, a first-in-first-out (FIFO) principle. Further, the management server 50 can analyze individual vehicle and charger performance by monitoring for excessive battery usage. As one skilled in the art will appreciate in light of the present disclosure, excessive battery usage from a vehicle can indicate mechanical operational issues with the vehicle and excessive charge times for a charger can indicate operational issues of the charger. Further, it is contemplated that the management server can store the data gathered in a networked database, thereby allowing for performance tracking of individual battery, vehicle, and charger performance across and among multiple facilities.
- FIFO first-in-first-out
- each sensor ID unit 40 can be adapted to transmit the read data and associated time to a data collection interface 60 ; the data collection interface can format and store the data in a file 61 which can then be displayed to system end users via a report 63 .
- each sensor ID unit 40 can be adapted to transmit the read data and associated time to a data collection interface 60 ; the data collection interface can format and store the data in a server 62 , e.g., an SQL server, which can then be displayed to system end users via a report 63 .
- the management server 50 of the battery management system 100 can generate a report 63 listing the average discharge duration and size of each battery.
- the management server 50 of the battery management system 100 can generate a report 63 listing the average discharge duration and size of batteries associated with a particular vehicle ID.
- the management server 50 of the battery management system 100 can generate a report 63 showing the average charge duration and size for a battery ID, as well as the average charge duration for a particular battery size.
Abstract
Description
Claims (19)
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US14/211,997 US9440544B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-03-14 | Battery management system and method |
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US14/211,997 US9440544B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-03-14 | Battery management system and method |
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