US8486575B2 - Passive hydrogen vent for a fuel cell - Google Patents
Passive hydrogen vent for a fuel cell Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US8486575B2 US8486575B2 US10/772,699 US77269904A US8486575B2 US 8486575 B2 US8486575 B2 US 8486575B2 US 77269904 A US77269904 A US 77269904A US 8486575 B2 US8486575 B2 US 8486575B2
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen
- fuel cell
- enclosure
- vent
- coolant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related, expires
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
- H01M8/2475—Enclosures, casings or containers of fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
Description
Claims (15)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/772,699 US8486575B2 (en) | 2004-02-05 | 2004-02-05 | Passive hydrogen vent for a fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/772,699 US8486575B2 (en) | 2004-02-05 | 2004-02-05 | Passive hydrogen vent for a fuel cell |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20050175873A1 US20050175873A1 (en) | 2005-08-11 |
US8486575B2 true US8486575B2 (en) | 2013-07-16 |
Family
ID=34826639
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/772,699 Expired - Fee Related US8486575B2 (en) | 2004-02-05 | 2004-02-05 | Passive hydrogen vent for a fuel cell |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8486575B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7807309B2 (en) * | 2004-09-03 | 2010-10-05 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Integrated coolant header venting for a fuel cell stack |
US7576660B2 (en) * | 2007-05-30 | 2009-08-18 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Fuel retention monitoring system for a pressurized hydrogen storage tank on a vehicle and method of use |
US9780388B2 (en) | 2009-03-18 | 2017-10-03 | Audi Ag | Fuel cell with purge manifold |
Citations (58)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4168349A (en) * | 1978-04-27 | 1979-09-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Iron/air battery system having circulating electrolyte and a horizontal cell configuration |
US4344832A (en) | 1979-07-03 | 1982-08-17 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-G.M.B.H. | Electrode system for a fuel or electrolysis cell arrangement |
US4769297A (en) | 1987-11-16 | 1988-09-06 | International Fuel Cells Corporation | Solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack water management system |
US5108849A (en) | 1989-08-30 | 1992-04-28 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland | Fuel cell fluid flow field plate |
US5230966A (en) | 1991-09-26 | 1993-07-27 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Coolant flow field plate for electrochemical fuel cells |
US5252410A (en) | 1991-09-13 | 1993-10-12 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Lightweight fuel cell membrane electrode assembly with integral reactant flow passages |
US5264299A (en) | 1991-12-26 | 1993-11-23 | International Fuel Cells Corporation | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell support plate and an assembly including the same |
US5300370A (en) | 1992-11-13 | 1994-04-05 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Laminated fluid flow field assembly for electrochemical fuel cells |
US5482680A (en) | 1992-10-09 | 1996-01-09 | Ballard Power Systems, Inc. | Electrochemical fuel cell assembly with integral selective oxidizer |
US5514487A (en) | 1994-12-27 | 1996-05-07 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Edge manifold assembly for an electrochemical fuel cell stack |
US5521018A (en) | 1993-12-10 | 1996-05-28 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Embossed fluid flow field plate for electrochemical fuel cells |
US5547776A (en) | 1991-01-15 | 1996-08-20 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Electrochemical fuel cell stack with concurrently flowing coolant and oxidant streams |
US5623390A (en) * | 1993-12-15 | 1997-04-22 | Alps Electric Co., Ltd. | Computer having nickel-hydrogen battery and vent holes sealed with porous film |
US5624769A (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1997-04-29 | General Motors Corporation | Corrosion resistant PEM fuel cell |
US5641586A (en) | 1995-12-06 | 1997-06-24 | The Regents Of The University Of California Office Of Technology Transfer | Fuel cell with interdigitated porous flow-field |
US5663113A (en) | 1994-04-25 | 1997-09-02 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Ammoxidation catalyst composition |
US5686199A (en) | 1996-05-07 | 1997-11-11 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Flow field plate for use in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
US5707755A (en) | 1996-12-09 | 1998-01-13 | General Motors Corporation | PEM/SPE fuel cell |
US5769909A (en) | 1996-05-31 | 1998-06-23 | International Fuel Cells Corp. | Method and apparatus for desulfurizing fuel gas |
US5773160A (en) | 1994-06-24 | 1998-06-30 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Electrochemical fuel cell stack with concurrent flow of coolant and oxidant streams and countercurrent flow of fuel and oxidant streams |
US5776624A (en) | 1996-12-23 | 1998-07-07 | General Motors Corporation | Brazed bipolar plates for PEM fuel cells |
US5804326A (en) | 1996-12-20 | 1998-09-08 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Integrated reactant and coolant fluid flow field layer for an electrochemical fuel cell |
US5846668A (en) | 1996-03-07 | 1998-12-08 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K. K. | Fuel cell, electrolytic cell and process of cooling and/or dehumidifying same |
US5874182A (en) | 1995-12-18 | 1999-02-23 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Method and apparatus for reducing reactant crossover in a liquid feed electrochemical fuel cell |
US5928807A (en) | 1995-11-15 | 1999-07-27 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Integrated seal for a PEM fuel cell |
US5945232A (en) | 1998-04-03 | 1999-08-31 | Plug Power, L.L.C. | PEM-type fuel cell assembly having multiple parallel fuel cell sub-stacks employing shared fluid plate assemblies and shared membrane electrode assemblies |
US5981098A (en) | 1997-08-28 | 1999-11-09 | Plug Power, L.L.C. | Fluid flow plate for decreased density of fuel cell assembly |
US6013385A (en) * | 1997-07-25 | 2000-01-11 | Emprise Corporation | Fuel cell gas management system |
WO2000017952A1 (en) | 1998-09-18 | 2000-03-30 | Energy Partners, L.C. | Self-humidifying fuel cell |
US6054228A (en) | 1996-06-06 | 2000-04-25 | Lynntech, Inc. | Fuel cell system for low pressure operation |
US6099984A (en) | 1997-12-15 | 2000-08-08 | General Motors Corporation | Mirrored serpentine flow channels for fuel cell |
US6146779A (en) | 1999-04-01 | 2000-11-14 | Plug Power Inc. | Fluid flow plate, fuel cell assembly system, and method employing same for controlling heat in fuel cells |
US6159626A (en) | 1999-07-06 | 2000-12-12 | General Motors Corporation | Fuel cell system logic for differentiating between rapid and normal shutdown commands |
US6159629A (en) | 1998-12-17 | 2000-12-12 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Volume effecient layered manifold assembly for electrochemical fuel cell stacks |
US6174616B1 (en) | 1998-10-07 | 2001-01-16 | Plug Power Inc. | Fuel cell assembly unit for promoting fluid service and design flexibility |
US6186254B1 (en) | 1996-05-29 | 2001-02-13 | Xcelliss Fuel Cell Engines Inc. | Temperature regulating system for a fuel cell powered vehicle |
US6261710B1 (en) | 1998-11-25 | 2001-07-17 | Institute Of Gas Technology | Sheet metal bipolar plate design for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells |
US6277509B1 (en) * | 1999-04-12 | 2001-08-21 | International Fuel Cells Llc | Hydride bed water recovery system for a fuel cell power plant |
US6306354B1 (en) | 1996-05-17 | 2001-10-23 | International Fuel Cells, Llc | Shift converter |
US6309773B1 (en) | 1999-12-13 | 2001-10-30 | General Motors Corporation | Serially-linked serpentine flow channels for PEM fuel cell |
US6322919B1 (en) | 1999-08-16 | 2001-11-27 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Fuel cell and bipolar plate for use with same |
FR2810795A1 (en) | 2000-06-27 | 2001-12-28 | Technicatome | Bipolar plate for a fuel cell comprises two metallic plates separated by segments and having recesses for the production of a composite conducting body in a single molding operation |
US6358642B1 (en) | 1999-12-02 | 2002-03-19 | General Motors Corporation | Flow channels for fuel cell |
US6360835B1 (en) | 2000-02-16 | 2002-03-26 | General Motors Corporation | Thermal management of fuel-cell-powered vehicles |
US6372376B1 (en) | 1999-12-07 | 2002-04-16 | General Motors Corporation | Corrosion resistant PEM fuel cell |
US6376112B1 (en) | 2000-02-11 | 2002-04-23 | General Motors Corporation | Controlled shutdown of a fuel cell |
US20020114984A1 (en) * | 2001-02-21 | 2002-08-22 | Edlund David J. | Fuel cell system with stored hydrogen |
US20020160245A1 (en) * | 2001-04-27 | 2002-10-31 | Suat Genc | Release valve and method for venting a system |
US6503653B2 (en) | 2001-02-23 | 2003-01-07 | General Motors Corporation | Stamped bipolar plate for PEM fuel cell stack |
US20030064266A1 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2003-04-03 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack and method for operating the same and gas vent valve |
US20030118881A1 (en) * | 2001-07-31 | 2003-06-26 | Plug Power Inc. | Method and apparatus for collecting condensate in an integrated fuel cell system |
US20030232228A1 (en) * | 2002-06-17 | 2003-12-18 | Grasso Albert P. | Coolant mixture separator assembly for use in a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell power plant |
US20040001982A1 (en) * | 2002-07-01 | 2004-01-01 | Reiser Carl A. | Initiating operation of an electric vehicle or other load powered by a fuel cell at sub-freezing temperature |
US20040062964A1 (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2004-04-01 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Direct methanol fuel cell system |
US20040151962A1 (en) * | 2003-01-31 | 2004-08-05 | Paul Adams | Fuel cartridge for fuel cells |
US20040175608A1 (en) * | 2003-03-07 | 2004-09-09 | Lisi Daniel J. | Polymeric separator plates |
US20050058861A1 (en) * | 2003-09-17 | 2005-03-17 | Pettit William H. | Method and apparatus for hydrogen detection and dilution |
US20050106438A1 (en) * | 2003-11-19 | 2005-05-19 | Ralph Hobmeyr | Vehicle plumbing to release hydrogen from fluid |
-
2004
- 2004-02-05 US US10/772,699 patent/US8486575B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (60)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4168349A (en) * | 1978-04-27 | 1979-09-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Iron/air battery system having circulating electrolyte and a horizontal cell configuration |
US4344832A (en) | 1979-07-03 | 1982-08-17 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-G.M.B.H. | Electrode system for a fuel or electrolysis cell arrangement |
US4769297A (en) | 1987-11-16 | 1988-09-06 | International Fuel Cells Corporation | Solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack water management system |
US5108849A (en) | 1989-08-30 | 1992-04-28 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland | Fuel cell fluid flow field plate |
US5547776A (en) | 1991-01-15 | 1996-08-20 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Electrochemical fuel cell stack with concurrently flowing coolant and oxidant streams |
WO1994009519A1 (en) | 1991-09-13 | 1994-04-28 | Ballard Power Systems | Lightweight fuel cell membrane electrode assembly with integral reactant flow passages |
US5252410A (en) | 1991-09-13 | 1993-10-12 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Lightweight fuel cell membrane electrode assembly with integral reactant flow passages |
US5230966A (en) | 1991-09-26 | 1993-07-27 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Coolant flow field plate for electrochemical fuel cells |
US5264299A (en) | 1991-12-26 | 1993-11-23 | International Fuel Cells Corporation | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell support plate and an assembly including the same |
US5482680A (en) | 1992-10-09 | 1996-01-09 | Ballard Power Systems, Inc. | Electrochemical fuel cell assembly with integral selective oxidizer |
US5300370A (en) | 1992-11-13 | 1994-04-05 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Laminated fluid flow field assembly for electrochemical fuel cells |
US5521018A (en) | 1993-12-10 | 1996-05-28 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Embossed fluid flow field plate for electrochemical fuel cells |
US5623390A (en) * | 1993-12-15 | 1997-04-22 | Alps Electric Co., Ltd. | Computer having nickel-hydrogen battery and vent holes sealed with porous film |
US5663113A (en) | 1994-04-25 | 1997-09-02 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Ammoxidation catalyst composition |
US5773160A (en) | 1994-06-24 | 1998-06-30 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Electrochemical fuel cell stack with concurrent flow of coolant and oxidant streams and countercurrent flow of fuel and oxidant streams |
US5514487A (en) | 1994-12-27 | 1996-05-07 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Edge manifold assembly for an electrochemical fuel cell stack |
US5928807A (en) | 1995-11-15 | 1999-07-27 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Integrated seal for a PEM fuel cell |
US5641586A (en) | 1995-12-06 | 1997-06-24 | The Regents Of The University Of California Office Of Technology Transfer | Fuel cell with interdigitated porous flow-field |
US5874182A (en) | 1995-12-18 | 1999-02-23 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Method and apparatus for reducing reactant crossover in a liquid feed electrochemical fuel cell |
US5624769A (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1997-04-29 | General Motors Corporation | Corrosion resistant PEM fuel cell |
USRE37284E1 (en) | 1995-12-22 | 2001-07-17 | General Motors Corporation | Corrosion resistant PEM fuel cell |
US5846668A (en) | 1996-03-07 | 1998-12-08 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K. K. | Fuel cell, electrolytic cell and process of cooling and/or dehumidifying same |
US5686199A (en) | 1996-05-07 | 1997-11-11 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Flow field plate for use in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
US6306354B1 (en) | 1996-05-17 | 2001-10-23 | International Fuel Cells, Llc | Shift converter |
US6186254B1 (en) | 1996-05-29 | 2001-02-13 | Xcelliss Fuel Cell Engines Inc. | Temperature regulating system for a fuel cell powered vehicle |
US5769909A (en) | 1996-05-31 | 1998-06-23 | International Fuel Cells Corp. | Method and apparatus for desulfurizing fuel gas |
US6054228A (en) | 1996-06-06 | 2000-04-25 | Lynntech, Inc. | Fuel cell system for low pressure operation |
US5707755A (en) | 1996-12-09 | 1998-01-13 | General Motors Corporation | PEM/SPE fuel cell |
US5804326A (en) | 1996-12-20 | 1998-09-08 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Integrated reactant and coolant fluid flow field layer for an electrochemical fuel cell |
US5776624A (en) | 1996-12-23 | 1998-07-07 | General Motors Corporation | Brazed bipolar plates for PEM fuel cells |
US6013385A (en) * | 1997-07-25 | 2000-01-11 | Emprise Corporation | Fuel cell gas management system |
US5981098A (en) | 1997-08-28 | 1999-11-09 | Plug Power, L.L.C. | Fluid flow plate for decreased density of fuel cell assembly |
US6099984A (en) | 1997-12-15 | 2000-08-08 | General Motors Corporation | Mirrored serpentine flow channels for fuel cell |
US5945232A (en) | 1998-04-03 | 1999-08-31 | Plug Power, L.L.C. | PEM-type fuel cell assembly having multiple parallel fuel cell sub-stacks employing shared fluid plate assemblies and shared membrane electrode assemblies |
WO2000017952A1 (en) | 1998-09-18 | 2000-03-30 | Energy Partners, L.C. | Self-humidifying fuel cell |
US6174616B1 (en) | 1998-10-07 | 2001-01-16 | Plug Power Inc. | Fuel cell assembly unit for promoting fluid service and design flexibility |
US6261710B1 (en) | 1998-11-25 | 2001-07-17 | Institute Of Gas Technology | Sheet metal bipolar plate design for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells |
US6159629A (en) | 1998-12-17 | 2000-12-12 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Volume effecient layered manifold assembly for electrochemical fuel cell stacks |
US6146779A (en) | 1999-04-01 | 2000-11-14 | Plug Power Inc. | Fluid flow plate, fuel cell assembly system, and method employing same for controlling heat in fuel cells |
US6277509B1 (en) * | 1999-04-12 | 2001-08-21 | International Fuel Cells Llc | Hydride bed water recovery system for a fuel cell power plant |
US6159626A (en) | 1999-07-06 | 2000-12-12 | General Motors Corporation | Fuel cell system logic for differentiating between rapid and normal shutdown commands |
US6322919B1 (en) | 1999-08-16 | 2001-11-27 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Fuel cell and bipolar plate for use with same |
US6358642B1 (en) | 1999-12-02 | 2002-03-19 | General Motors Corporation | Flow channels for fuel cell |
US6372376B1 (en) | 1999-12-07 | 2002-04-16 | General Motors Corporation | Corrosion resistant PEM fuel cell |
US6309773B1 (en) | 1999-12-13 | 2001-10-30 | General Motors Corporation | Serially-linked serpentine flow channels for PEM fuel cell |
US6376112B1 (en) | 2000-02-11 | 2002-04-23 | General Motors Corporation | Controlled shutdown of a fuel cell |
US6360835B1 (en) | 2000-02-16 | 2002-03-26 | General Motors Corporation | Thermal management of fuel-cell-powered vehicles |
US20030064266A1 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2003-04-03 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack and method for operating the same and gas vent valve |
FR2810795A1 (en) | 2000-06-27 | 2001-12-28 | Technicatome | Bipolar plate for a fuel cell comprises two metallic plates separated by segments and having recesses for the production of a composite conducting body in a single molding operation |
US20020114984A1 (en) * | 2001-02-21 | 2002-08-22 | Edlund David J. | Fuel cell system with stored hydrogen |
US6503653B2 (en) | 2001-02-23 | 2003-01-07 | General Motors Corporation | Stamped bipolar plate for PEM fuel cell stack |
US20020160245A1 (en) * | 2001-04-27 | 2002-10-31 | Suat Genc | Release valve and method for venting a system |
US20030118881A1 (en) * | 2001-07-31 | 2003-06-26 | Plug Power Inc. | Method and apparatus for collecting condensate in an integrated fuel cell system |
US20030232228A1 (en) * | 2002-06-17 | 2003-12-18 | Grasso Albert P. | Coolant mixture separator assembly for use in a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell power plant |
US20040001982A1 (en) * | 2002-07-01 | 2004-01-01 | Reiser Carl A. | Initiating operation of an electric vehicle or other load powered by a fuel cell at sub-freezing temperature |
US20040062964A1 (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2004-04-01 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Direct methanol fuel cell system |
US20040151962A1 (en) * | 2003-01-31 | 2004-08-05 | Paul Adams | Fuel cartridge for fuel cells |
US20040175608A1 (en) * | 2003-03-07 | 2004-09-09 | Lisi Daniel J. | Polymeric separator plates |
US20050058861A1 (en) * | 2003-09-17 | 2005-03-17 | Pettit William H. | Method and apparatus for hydrogen detection and dilution |
US20050106438A1 (en) * | 2003-11-19 | 2005-05-19 | Ralph Hobmeyr | Vehicle plumbing to release hydrogen from fluid |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
3M Novec Engineered Fluid HFE-8401HT, "A New Heat Transfer Fluid with Unique Heat Transfer Properties," pp. 1-7 (1999). |
Also Published As
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US20050175873A1 (en) | 2005-08-11 |
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