US7994727B2 - LED driving arrangement - Google Patents
LED driving arrangement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US7994727B2 US7994727B2 US12/085,314 US8531406A US7994727B2 US 7994727 B2 US7994727 B2 US 7994727B2 US 8531406 A US8531406 A US 8531406A US 7994727 B2 US7994727 B2 US 7994727B2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/10—Controlling the intensity of the light
- H05B45/14—Controlling the intensity of the light using electrical feedback from LEDs or from LED modules
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/30—Driver circuits
- H05B45/37—Converter circuits
- H05B45/3725—Switched mode power supply [SMPS]
- H05B45/39—Circuits containing inverter bridges
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/30—Driver circuits
- H05B45/37—Converter circuits
- H05B45/3725—Switched mode power supply [SMPS]
- H05B45/382—Switched mode power supply [SMPS] with galvanic isolation between input and output
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
- Y02B20/30—Semiconductor lamps, e.g. solid state lamps [SSL] light emitting diodes [LED] or organic LED [OLED]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to driving arrangements for light emitting diodes (LEDs).
- the invention was developed with specific attention paid to its possible use in driving LEDs used as lighting sources (so-called high-flux LEDs), where a good power factor is a basic requirement to be complied with.
- a good candidate circuit arrangement for driving LEDs is the so-called half-bridge (HB) resonant topology.
- HB half-bridge
- one or more LEDs are driven via the secondary winding of a transformer.
- the primary winding of the transformer is part of a resonant circuit and is fed via a half-bridge arrangement driven in by a half-bridge controller.
- the voltage fed to the resonant circuit is thus essentially a square wave having a frequency in the range of 20-200 kHz whose envelope is modulated by the 50-60 Hz sine waveform of the mains voltage.
- a basic drawback of such an arrangement lies in that energy transfer cannot take place when the input voltage to the half-bridge is lower than the LED threshold voltage multiplied by the transformer turn ratio (primary turns/secondary turns). This leads to rather long zero current periods on the mains and, consequently, to a bad power factor.
- the LED driving arrangements being considered are generally expected to be included in compact, expectedly cheap, low-power drivers that must also comply with rather strict regulations in terms of safety and electromagnetic interference (EMI).
- EMI electromagnetic interference
- the object of the present invention is thus to provide an effective solution to the problems described in the foregoing in connection with the half-bridge topology.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of first embodiment of the arrangement described herein,
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an alternative embodiment of the arrangement described herein, and
- FIGS. 3 and 4 are diagrams representative of operation of the circuits of FIGS. 1 and 2 .
- Both figures show a circuit arrangement (generally indicated as 10 ) for use as drive circuit for one or more LEDs L.
- a circuit arrangement (generally indicated as 10 ) for use as drive circuit for one or more LEDs L.
- one LED L is shown with the proviso that the arrangement described can be used for driving one or more additional LEDs, connected in series in each rectifier and/or connecting the rectifiers in parallel, as schematically indicated in both figures.
- the or each series of LED L is driven via a “voltage doubler” arrangement including a pair of diodes D 1 , D 2 and a pair of capacitors C 3 , C 4 . These diodes act as rectifiers in order to ensure that the LED o LEDs in question are traversed by electrical current in the direction where the LED acts as a light source.
- the or each series of LED L could be driven via a full bridge rectifier.
- the circuit 10 is connected in use to an ac mains source Vin (typically a 200-240V or 100-120 50-60 Hz mains source).
- Vin typically a 200-240V or 100-120 50-60 Hz mains source.
- the overall arrangement of the device 10 includes, starting from the mains source Vin and proceeding “downstream” towards the LED or LEDs L:
- the bridge rectifier 14 supplies the half-bridge arrangement 16 essentially as voltage signals over a first line 16 a referred to a second line 16 b .
- a resistor 17 is arranged over the second line 16 b between ground and a point 17 a .
- a voltage develops and can be sensed as a measure of the intensity of the current fed to the half-bridge 16 .
- the “current intensity” signal at point 17 a is fed to a controller circuit 20 .
- the control circuit or controller 20 equally senses (via a line 20 a ) the mains voltage signal over the line 16 a as well a LED current feedback signal. This LED current feedback signal is provided over a line 21 as better detailed in the following.
- the controller 20 controls two electronic switches 22 a , 22 b , typically in the form of MOSFETs S 1 , S 2 .
- the general circuit layout described so far corresponds to a general arrangement known in the art, thus making it unnecessary to provide herein a more detailed description of the structure and operation thereof. This applies a i.e. to the capability, for the controller 20 , to selectively adapt to different operating conditions the drive signal applied to the electronic switches 22 a , 22 b.
- the electronic switches 22 a , 22 b driven by the controller 20 are arranged over two arms of the half-bridge arrangement 16 connecting the two lines 16 a and 16 b to one of the ports or terminals of the primary winding 18 a of the transformer 18 .
- Two capacitors C 1 , C 2 are similarly arranged on the two other arms of the half-bridge arrangement 16 , namely the two arms connecting the lines 16 a , 16 b with the other port of terminal of the primary winding 18 a of the transformer 18 .
- the capacitors C 1 and C 2 form a parallel resonant circuit together with the magnetising inductance Lu 1 of the transformer 18 .
- the magnetising inductance Lu 1 of the transformer can be modelled as an inductor connected in parallel with the primary winding 18 a of the transformer 18 .
- the resonant circuit in question include also an inductor LD 1 series-connected with the primary winding 18 a , representing the leakage inductance of the transformer.
- the basic principle underlying operation of the arrangement illustrated in FIG. 1 provides for the resonant circuit in question to boost the voltage across the LED or LEDs around the zero-crossing instants of the voltage from the mains.
- Such a voltage boosting effect ensures that energy transfer takes place even when the input voltage of the half-bridge arrangement 16 is lower than the LED threshold voltage (multiplied by the turn ratio of the transformer 18 ).
- the parallel resonant converter including the resonant inductance (Lu 1 plus LD 1 ), has the capability of boosting up the voltage up to the LED threshold voltage.
- a boosting effect of the converter increases as the switching frequency applied by the controller 20 to the electronic switches 22 a , 22 b approaches the resonance frequency of the resonant arrangement.
- the diagram in question portraits the behaviour of the input voltage-to-LED voltage gain G (ordinate scale) against the switching frequency f of the controller 20 (abscissa scale).
- the peaked behaviour of the diagram is related to the quality factor Q of the resonant circuit, which can be designed (in known manner) in order to match the specific operation requirements of the circuit.
- the gain value G is correspondingly increased from a first value G 1 to a second, higher value G 2 .
- Typical values for f 1 are some tens of kHz over f 2
- typical values for f 2 are some tens of kHz over fr.
- the controller 20 can be operated (in a manner known per se) in order to change the frequency of drive signal applied to the electronic switches 22 a , 22 b during the semi-period of the alternated sine-wave input line voltage. This is done decreasing that frequency (e.g. from f 1 to f 2 ) around the zero-crossing points of the input voltage to render the frequency in question closer to the resonant frequency fr in order to boost the input voltage, while the frequency of drive signal applied to the electronic switches 22 a , 22 b is increased (e.g. by restoring it to f 1 ) over the rest and around the peak of the mains voltage.
- the switching signal SW applied by the controller 20 to the gates of the electronics switches 22 a , 22 b is portrayed on a common time scale t against a semi-period of the input voltage IW derived from the mains source Vin.
- the specific law ruling the variation of the frequency of the switching signal SW over the semi-period of the input voltage IW may be adapted at will (possibly as a result of experimental tests or automatically by means of a multiplier) as a function of the resonance diagram shown in FIG. 3 and in accordance with the boosting effect desired.
- the boosting mechanism previously described in connection with FIG. 3 provides for the switching frequency of the converter 20 being rendered closer to the resonance frequency fr of the resonant arrangement including to the capacitor C 1 , C 2 by making such a switching frequency lower (i.e. by passing from the frequency f 1 to the frequency f 2 ).
- a similar effect can—at least notionally—be implemented in a complementary way, namely by selectively increasing the switching frequency of the converter 20 when the boosting effect is required.
- this alternative arrangement would require the frequency f 1 to be lower than the frequency f 2 , and the frequency f 2 to be in turn lower than the frequency fr.
- the behaviour represented in FIG. 4 essentially represents a sort of frequency modulation of the switching frequency of the controller 20 , which can be achieved by known means by using the input voltage signal IV as the modulating entity.
- controller 20 As a conventional PFC (Power Factor Correction) controller including an inner mains current feedback loop to force a sinusoidal mains current shape and an outer loop to control the average LED current. For that reason the controller 20 is made sensitive to the input current (via the sensing resistor 17 ), the mains voltage (via the line 20 a ) and the transformer current measurement (via the line 21 ).
- PFC Power Factor Correction
- the LED current cannot be measured on the primary side of the transformer 18 because the respective current is the sum of the LED current and the resonance current.
- the current intensity measurement feedback line 21 is connected at 21 a on the secondary side of the transformer 18 (secondary winding 18 b ).
- the outer controller loop can be removed and a simple mains voltage feedforward scheme can be added to ensure constant power feed to the LED or LEDs at different line voltages.
- FIG. 1 exhibits a number of advantages.
- the rectifier may take the form of a cheap circuit adapted to ensure a good current matching between the LED or LEDs with different values for the forward voltage Vf, by means of the capacitor of the voltage-doubler C 3 and C 4 , without sensing a current feedback from each series of LEDs. Additionally, it can be easily implemented to fulfil standards related to harmonic generation such as the EN standard 61000-3-2 class C. Additionally, the “wobbling” mechanism of the switching frequency of the controller 20 described in connection with FIG. 4 leads to a useful spread of the electromagnetic noise generated: this spectrum spread is advantageous in terms of reducing electromagnetic interference (EMI). Moreover, the rectifier is typically placed outside with respect to the housing of the power-supply unit, i.e. on the LED module, in order to reduce the overall dimensions of the power-supply unit itself.
- EMI electromagnetic interference
- FIG. 2 An extra resonant inductor L 2 is arranged in parallel with the primary winding of the transformer 18 .
- the magnetising inductance of the transformer 18 is not explicitly shown as the current flowing through it can be regarded as generally negligible in comparison with the overall primary current.
- typical values for the magnetising inductance Lu 1 of the transformer 10 are in the range of 1-20 mH.
- Typical values for the leakage inductance LD 1 of the transformer 10 are in the range of 0.02-1 mH while a suitable choice for L 2 is in the range of 0.2-5 mH.
- the LED current feedback point 21 a for the line 21 is arranged on the primary side of the transformer 18 .
- the signal provided on the feedback line 21 is thus a correct measurement of the load current and can be properly used to implement current feedback/protections.
- the resonant current is primarily carried by the inductor L 2 and total RMS current on the primary windings of the transformer is correspondingly reduced.
- An additional inductor L 4 (with a typical value in the range of 0.02-2 mH) can be further arranged in series with the parallel connection of the inductor L 2 and the primary winding 18 a of the transformer to possibly further reduce the resonance frequency fr of the converter.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 may further include additional components.
- a capacitor can be arranged immediately downstream of the diode bridge, in possible cooperation with standard DM and/or CM filter, in order to filter out the switching current of the half-bridge.
- an additional inductor can be added in series to each cell in order to improve current matching between parallel cells.
Landscapes
- Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
- Led Devices (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
-
- a
line filter 12 to filter out undesired high-frequency noise components from the power feed, - a bridge rectifier 14 that feeds a half-
bridge rectifier 16, and - a
transformer 18 having aprimary winding 18 a fed by the half-bridge and a secondary winding 18 b that in turn feeds the LED or LEDs L.
- a
Claims (19)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05425827 | 2005-11-22 | ||
EP05425827.2A EP1791399B2 (en) | 2005-11-22 | 2005-11-22 | A LED driving arrangement |
EP05425827.2 | 2005-11-22 | ||
PCT/EP2006/068548 WO2007060128A1 (en) | 2005-11-22 | 2006-11-16 | A led driving arrangement |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20090273301A1 US20090273301A1 (en) | 2009-11-05 |
US7994727B2 true US7994727B2 (en) | 2011-08-09 |
Family
ID=35677459
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/085,314 Active 2027-04-26 US7994727B2 (en) | 2005-11-22 | 2006-11-16 | LED driving arrangement |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7994727B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1791399B2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5177816B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101366026B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101347046B (en) |
AT (1) | ATE394907T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2627756A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE602005006587D1 (en) |
TW (1) | TWI428051B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007060128A1 (en) |
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US20100079085A1 (en) * | 2007-03-13 | 2010-04-01 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Supply circuit |
US20100164400A1 (en) * | 2008-12-31 | 2010-07-01 | Stmicroelectronics S.R. L. | Switching power supply system for optical sources or a load requiring a controlled supply current |
US20120293072A1 (en) * | 2011-05-18 | 2012-11-22 | Shih-Hsien Chang | Frequency-variable dimming control apparatus for light-emitting diodes and method for operating the same |
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JP4956409B2 (en) * | 2007-12-25 | 2012-06-20 | パナソニック株式会社 | LED lighting fixtures |
ATE531119T1 (en) * | 2008-08-13 | 2011-11-15 | Osram Ag | CIRCUIT AND METHOD FOR REDUCING ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE |
JP2010086943A (en) * | 2008-09-04 | 2010-04-15 | Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corp | Led lighting device and illumination fixture |
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US9544956B2 (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2017-01-10 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Two-stage multichannel LED driver with CLL resonant circuit |
US9271353B2 (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2016-02-23 | Technical Consumer Products, Inc. | Dimming circuit for a phase-cut TRIAC dimmer |
US9961728B2 (en) * | 2014-08-07 | 2018-05-01 | Philips Lighting Holding B.V. | Driver device and driving method |
JP6414676B2 (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2018-10-31 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | Lighting device and lighting apparatus |
KR101718410B1 (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2017-04-04 | 오석주 | Constant Voltage Power Supply Circuitry for LED |
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-
2005
- 2005-11-22 AT AT05425827T patent/ATE394907T1/en active
- 2005-11-22 DE DE602005006587T patent/DE602005006587D1/en active Active
- 2005-11-22 EP EP05425827.2A patent/EP1791399B2/en not_active Not-in-force
-
2006
- 2006-11-16 CN CN2006800486935A patent/CN101347046B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-11-16 WO PCT/EP2006/068548 patent/WO2007060128A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-11-16 US US12/085,314 patent/US7994727B2/en active Active
- 2006-11-16 CA CA002627756A patent/CA2627756A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-11-16 JP JP2008541708A patent/JP5177816B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-11-16 KR KR1020087015088A patent/KR101366026B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2006-11-21 TW TW095142984A patent/TWI428051B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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US20100079085A1 (en) * | 2007-03-13 | 2010-04-01 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Supply circuit |
US20100164400A1 (en) * | 2008-12-31 | 2010-07-01 | Stmicroelectronics S.R. L. | Switching power supply system for optical sources or a load requiring a controlled supply current |
US8330389B2 (en) * | 2008-12-31 | 2012-12-11 | Stmicroelectronics S.R.L. | Switching power supply system for optical sources or a load requiring a controlled supply current |
US20120293072A1 (en) * | 2011-05-18 | 2012-11-22 | Shih-Hsien Chang | Frequency-variable dimming control apparatus for light-emitting diodes and method for operating the same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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TW200730015A (en) | 2007-08-01 |
DE602005006587D1 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
JP2009516922A (en) | 2009-04-23 |
TWI428051B (en) | 2014-02-21 |
WO2007060128A1 (en) | 2007-05-31 |
EP1791399B2 (en) | 2017-05-31 |
CA2627756A1 (en) | 2007-05-31 |
ATE394907T1 (en) | 2008-05-15 |
KR20080079277A (en) | 2008-08-29 |
EP1791399B1 (en) | 2008-05-07 |
KR101366026B1 (en) | 2014-02-21 |
EP1791399A1 (en) | 2007-05-30 |
US20090273301A1 (en) | 2009-11-05 |
JP5177816B2 (en) | 2013-04-10 |
CN101347046B (en) | 2010-12-08 |
CN101347046A (en) | 2009-01-14 |
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