US6622035B1 - Electrode for measurement of weak bioelectrical signals - Google Patents
Electrode for measurement of weak bioelectrical signals Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US6622035B1 US6622035B1 US09/489,556 US48955600A US6622035B1 US 6622035 B1 US6622035 B1 US 6622035B1 US 48955600 A US48955600 A US 48955600A US 6622035 B1 US6622035 B1 US 6622035B1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- spikes
- skin
- carrier
- subject
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
- A61B5/6847—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive mounted on an invasive device
- A61B5/685—Microneedles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
- A61B5/251—Means for maintaining electrode contact with the body
- A61B5/257—Means for maintaining electrode contact with the body using adhesive means, e.g. adhesive pads or tapes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
- A61B5/263—Bioelectric electrodes therefor characterised by the electrode materials
- A61B5/265—Bioelectric electrodes therefor characterised by the electrode materials containing silver or silver chloride
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
- A61B5/263—Bioelectric electrodes therefor characterised by the electrode materials
- A61B5/266—Bioelectric electrodes therefor characterised by the electrode materials containing electrolytes, conductive gels or pastes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
- A61B5/318—Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
- A61B5/325—Preparing electrode sites, e.g. by abrasion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
Abstract
Description
Claims (79)
Priority Applications (14)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/489,556 US6622035B1 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2000-01-21 | Electrode for measurement of weak bioelectrical signals |
AT01900215T ATE326901T1 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2001-01-18 | ELECTRODE FOR MEASURING WEAK BIOELECTRIC SIGNALS |
PCT/IB2001/000047 WO2001052730A1 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2001-01-18 | Electrode for measurement of weak bioelectrical signals |
AU23911/01A AU2391101A (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2001-01-18 | Electrode for measurement of weak bioelectrical signals |
EP01900215A EP1164927B1 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2001-01-18 | Electrode for measurement of weak bioelectrical signals |
DE60119835T DE60119835T2 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2001-01-18 | ELECTRODE FOR MEASURING WEAK BIOELECTRIC SIGNALS |
JP2001552787A JP2003520093A (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2001-01-18 | Electrodes for measuring weak bioelectric signals |
DE60111125T DE60111125T2 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2001-01-20 | METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A MEDICAL ELECTRODE |
EP01900586A EP1164928B1 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2001-01-20 | Method of fabricating a medical electrode |
AT01900586T ATE296575T1 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2001-01-20 | PRODUCTION METHOD FOR A MEDICAL ELECTRODE |
JP2001552788A JP2003520094A (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2001-01-20 | Medical electrode |
US10/030,483 US20040054393A1 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2001-01-20 | Medical electrode |
PCT/IB2001/000059 WO2001052731A1 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2001-01-20 | Medical electrode |
AU25420/01A AU2542001A (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2001-01-20 | Medical electrode |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/489,556 US6622035B1 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2000-01-21 | Electrode for measurement of weak bioelectrical signals |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US6622035B1 true US6622035B1 (en) | 2003-09-16 |
Family
ID=23944344
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/489,556 Expired - Fee Related US6622035B1 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2000-01-21 | Electrode for measurement of weak bioelectrical signals |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6622035B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1164927B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2003520093A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE326901T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2391101A (en) |
DE (1) | DE60119835T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001052730A1 (en) |
Cited By (59)
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US20030006782A1 (en) * | 2001-07-06 | 2003-01-09 | Aspect Medical Systems, Inc. | System and method for measuring bioelectric impedance in the presence of interference |
US20030050550A1 (en) * | 2001-09-07 | 2003-03-13 | Schmidt Robert N. | Dry physiological recording electrode |
US20030050548A1 (en) * | 2001-09-07 | 2003-03-13 | Schmidt Robert N. | Dry penetrating recording device |
US20040127780A1 (en) * | 2002-10-11 | 2004-07-01 | Stig Ollmar | Determination of biological conditions using impedance measurements |
US20040204658A1 (en) * | 2003-04-10 | 2004-10-14 | Dietz Phillip W. | Systems and methods for providing an enhanced bioelectric sensing surface |
US20050154273A1 (en) * | 2004-01-08 | 2005-07-14 | Lee Jeong-Hwan | Body surface bio-potential sensor having multiple electrodes and apparatus including the same |
EP1563789A1 (en) | 2004-02-17 | 2005-08-17 | Instrumentarium Corporation | Monitoring the neurological state of a patient |
US20050256541A1 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2005-11-17 | Medtronic, Inc. | Catheter with temporary stimulation electrode |
US20050272984A1 (en) * | 2004-06-08 | 2005-12-08 | Matti Huiku | Monitoring pain-related responses of a patient |
US20060047242A1 (en) * | 2004-08-25 | 2006-03-02 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Method and device for the delivery of a substance including a covering |
US20060047194A1 (en) * | 2004-08-31 | 2006-03-02 | Grigorov Ilya L | Electrode apparatus and system |
US20060051403A1 (en) * | 2004-09-08 | 2006-03-09 | James Matriano | Microprojection array with improved skin adhesion and compliance |
US20060173261A1 (en) * | 2005-01-31 | 2006-08-03 | Magnus Kall | Biopotential sensor |
US7136696B2 (en) | 2002-04-05 | 2006-11-14 | The Cleveland Clinic Foundation | Neuron signal analysis system and method |
US7286864B1 (en) | 2001-09-07 | 2007-10-23 | Orbital Research, Inc. | Dry physiological recording device |
US20080009763A1 (en) * | 2006-06-09 | 2008-01-10 | Jin-Chern Chiou | Microprobe array structure and method for manufacturing the same |
US20080138581A1 (en) * | 2006-07-17 | 2008-06-12 | Rajmohan Bhandari | Masking high-aspect aspect ratio structures |
US20080157427A1 (en) * | 2007-01-03 | 2008-07-03 | Jin-Chern Chiou | Method for fabricating microneedle array and method for fabricating embossing mold of microneedle array |
US20080275528A1 (en) * | 1999-03-24 | 2008-11-06 | Greenberg Robert J | Electrode Array for Visual Stimulation |
DK176644B1 (en) * | 2005-12-09 | 2009-01-12 | Coloplast As | Sensor unit |
US20090283425A1 (en) * | 2008-04-02 | 2009-11-19 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Microelectrode Array System With Integrated Reference Microelectrodes To Reduce Detected Electrical Noise And Improve Selectivity Of Activation |
US20090301994A1 (en) * | 2008-05-12 | 2009-12-10 | Rajmohan Bhandari | Methods for Wafer Scale Processing of Needle Array Devices |
US20100041972A1 (en) * | 2006-07-07 | 2010-02-18 | Lectus Therapeutics Limited | Apparatus and methods |
US20100161019A1 (en) * | 2008-12-10 | 2010-06-24 | Gregory Arthur Clark | System and method for electrically shielding a microelectrode array in a physiological pathway from electrical noise |
US20100185077A1 (en) * | 2009-01-17 | 2010-07-22 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Dry electrode |
US20100222630A1 (en) * | 2006-01-17 | 2010-09-02 | Emkinetics, Inc. | Method and apparatus for low frequency induction therapy for the treatment of urinary incontinence and overactive bladder |
US20100241022A1 (en) * | 2005-08-05 | 2010-09-23 | Wei Wang | Apparatus and Method for Non-Contact Electrical Impedance Imaging |
US20110074396A1 (en) * | 2009-09-25 | 2011-03-31 | Lun-De Liao | Biosensor and electrode structure thereof |
US20110160623A1 (en) * | 2004-02-20 | 2011-06-30 | Brainsgate Ltd. | External stimulation of the spg |
US8019402B1 (en) | 2004-11-12 | 2011-09-13 | Orbital Research Inc | Electrode harness and method of taking biopotential measurements |
US20110230745A1 (en) * | 2010-03-17 | 2011-09-22 | General Electric Company | Motion Artifact Rejection Microelectrode |
US20110295100A1 (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2011-12-01 | Hegde Anant V | Microneedle electrode |
WO2012048109A2 (en) * | 2010-10-06 | 2012-04-12 | Indiana University Research & Technology Corporation | Multi-terminal nanoelectrode array |
US20120138335A1 (en) * | 2008-06-03 | 2012-06-07 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | High Aspect Ratio Microelectrode Arrays Enabled to Have Customizable Lengths and Methods of Making the Same |
US8406869B2 (en) | 2005-08-19 | 2013-03-26 | Brainsgate, Ltd. | Post-acute electrical stimulation treatment of adverse cerebrovascular events |
US8428682B1 (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2013-04-23 | Orbital Research Inc. | Wet or dry electrode, other sensors, actuators, or markers with a novel adhesive collar |
US8594763B1 (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2013-11-26 | Neurowave Systems Inc. | Physiological electrode assembly for fast application |
US8626258B2 (en) | 2006-12-08 | 2014-01-07 | General Electric Company | Self-adhering electrodes and methods of making the same |
US8700122B2 (en) | 2008-05-02 | 2014-04-15 | Covidien Lp | Skin preparation device and biopotential sensor |
CN104000574A (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2014-08-27 | 深圳市中兴新宇软电路有限公司 | Flexible PCB (Printed Circuit Board) based disposable skin surface dry electrode and manufacturing method thereof |
US8865288B2 (en) | 2006-07-17 | 2014-10-21 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Micro-needle arrays having non-planar tips and methods of manufacture thereof |
US9002477B2 (en) | 2006-01-17 | 2015-04-07 | Emkinetics, Inc. | Methods and devices for performing electrical stimulation to treat various conditions |
US9005102B2 (en) | 2006-10-02 | 2015-04-14 | Emkinetics, Inc. | Method and apparatus for electrical stimulation therapy |
US20150257644A1 (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2015-09-17 | Zansors Llc | Wireless ecg acquisition and monitoring device and system |
US9173670B2 (en) | 2013-04-08 | 2015-11-03 | Irhythm Technologies, Inc. | Skin abrader |
US9192313B1 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2015-11-24 | Orbital Research Inc. | Dry physiological recording device and method of manufacturing |
US9233245B2 (en) | 2004-02-20 | 2016-01-12 | Brainsgate Ltd. | SPG stimulation |
US9339641B2 (en) | 2006-01-17 | 2016-05-17 | Emkinetics, Inc. | Method and apparatus for transdermal stimulation over the palmar and plantar surfaces |
US9597004B2 (en) | 2014-10-31 | 2017-03-21 | Irhythm Technologies, Inc. | Wearable monitor |
US9610459B2 (en) | 2009-07-24 | 2017-04-04 | Emkinetics, Inc. | Cooling systems and methods for conductive coils |
US10271754B2 (en) | 2013-01-24 | 2019-04-30 | Irhythm Technologies, Inc. | Physiological monitoring device |
US10405799B2 (en) | 2010-05-12 | 2019-09-10 | Irhythm Technologies, Inc. | Device features and design elements for long-term adhesion |
US10786669B2 (en) | 2006-10-02 | 2020-09-29 | Emkinetics, Inc. | Method and apparatus for transdermal stimulation over the palmar and plantar surfaces |
CN111803051A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-10-23 | 天津大学 | Injection type bioelectric signal monitoring device |
US11083371B1 (en) | 2020-02-12 | 2021-08-10 | Irhythm Technologies, Inc. | Methods and systems for processing data via an executable file on a monitor to reduce the dimensionality of the data and encrypting the data being transmitted over the wireless network |
US11224742B2 (en) | 2006-10-02 | 2022-01-18 | Emkinetics, Inc. | Methods and devices for performing electrical stimulation to treat various conditions |
US11246523B1 (en) | 2020-08-06 | 2022-02-15 | Irhythm Technologies, Inc. | Wearable device with conductive traces and insulator |
US11350864B2 (en) | 2020-08-06 | 2022-06-07 | Irhythm Technologies, Inc. | Adhesive physiological monitoring device |
US11547849B2 (en) | 2017-06-07 | 2023-01-10 | Neuronexus Technologies, Inc. | Systems and methods for ruggedized penetrating medical electrode arrays |
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CA2500452A1 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-03 | Biovalve Technologies, Inc. | Switchable microneedle arrays and systems and methods relating to same |
US6961603B2 (en) | 2003-06-17 | 2005-11-01 | Instrumentarim Corp. | Unitary multi-electrode biopotential signal sensor and method for making same |
JP2005334067A (en) * | 2004-05-24 | 2005-12-08 | Toyohashi Univ Of Technology | Multisensor provided with function of detecting physical phenomenon or chemical phenomenon of biological sample |
KR101244816B1 (en) * | 2010-11-23 | 2013-03-18 | 계명대학교 산학협력단 | novel planar small electrode sensor for skin impedence and system using thereof |
JP6606067B2 (en) * | 2013-06-06 | 2019-11-13 | トライコード ホールディングス,エル.エル.シー. | Modular physiological monitoring system, kit, and method |
Citations (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3505993A (en) | 1964-12-23 | 1970-04-14 | Nat Res Dev | Electrocardiograph electrodes with surface convexities |
US4004578A (en) * | 1974-09-10 | 1977-01-25 | Salve S.A. | Expendable electro-cardiograph electrode |
US4640290A (en) | 1985-04-25 | 1987-02-03 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Shielded, self-preparing electrode suitable for electroencephalographic mapping |
US4685466A (en) | 1985-01-29 | 1987-08-11 | Rau Guenter | Measuring sensor for the non-invasive detection of electro-physiological quantities |
US4920968A (en) | 1987-01-20 | 1990-05-01 | Haruo Takase | Needle base with plural needles for subcutaneously applying electric current |
US4969468A (en) | 1986-06-17 | 1990-11-13 | Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research | Electrode array for use in connection with a living body and method of manufacture |
US5197471A (en) | 1990-05-24 | 1993-03-30 | Otero Servio T A | Dry medical electrode |
EP0571120A1 (en) | 1992-05-22 | 1993-11-24 | Physio-Control Corporation | Combined skin preparation and monitoring electrode |
US5305746A (en) | 1992-09-29 | 1994-04-26 | Aspect Medical Systems, Inc. | Disposable, pre-gelled, self-prepping electrode |
US5458141A (en) | 1993-08-04 | 1995-10-17 | Quinton Instrument Company | Abrasive skin electrode |
US5645063A (en) | 1995-06-05 | 1997-07-08 | Quinton Instrument Company | Skin electrode having multiple conductive center members |
WO1998028037A1 (en) | 1996-12-20 | 1998-07-02 | Alza Corporation | Device and method for enhancing transdermal agent flux |
US5862803A (en) * | 1993-09-04 | 1999-01-26 | Besson; Marcus | Wireless medical diagnosis and monitoring equipment |
US6132755A (en) | 1995-07-14 | 2000-10-17 | Boehringer Ingelheim Kg | Transcorneal drug-release system |
WO2000074763A2 (en) | 1999-06-04 | 2000-12-14 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Devices and methods for enhanced microneedle penetration of biological barriers |
US6219574B1 (en) * | 1996-06-18 | 2001-04-17 | Alza Corporation | Device and method for enchancing transdermal sampling |
WO2001052731A1 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2001-07-26 | Instrumentarium Corporation | Medical electrode |
US6334856B1 (en) | 1998-06-10 | 2002-01-01 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Microneedle devices and methods of manufacture and use thereof |
-
2000
- 2000-01-21 US US09/489,556 patent/US6622035B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-01-18 AU AU23911/01A patent/AU2391101A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-01-18 EP EP01900215A patent/EP1164927B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-18 AT AT01900215T patent/ATE326901T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-01-18 DE DE60119835T patent/DE60119835T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-18 JP JP2001552787A patent/JP2003520093A/en active Pending
- 2001-01-18 WO PCT/IB2001/000047 patent/WO2001052730A1/en active IP Right Grant
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US4640290A (en) | 1985-04-25 | 1987-02-03 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Shielded, self-preparing electrode suitable for electroencephalographic mapping |
US4969468A (en) | 1986-06-17 | 1990-11-13 | Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research | Electrode array for use in connection with a living body and method of manufacture |
US4920968A (en) | 1987-01-20 | 1990-05-01 | Haruo Takase | Needle base with plural needles for subcutaneously applying electric current |
US5197471A (en) | 1990-05-24 | 1993-03-30 | Otero Servio T A | Dry medical electrode |
US5309909A (en) | 1992-05-22 | 1994-05-10 | Physio-Control Corporation | Combined skin preparation and monitoring electrode |
EP0571120A1 (en) | 1992-05-22 | 1993-11-24 | Physio-Control Corporation | Combined skin preparation and monitoring electrode |
US5305746A (en) | 1992-09-29 | 1994-04-26 | Aspect Medical Systems, Inc. | Disposable, pre-gelled, self-prepping electrode |
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Cited By (134)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20080275528A1 (en) * | 1999-03-24 | 2008-11-06 | Greenberg Robert J | Electrode Array for Visual Stimulation |
US7835798B2 (en) * | 1999-03-24 | 2010-11-16 | Second Sight Medical Products, Inc. | Electrode array for visual stimulation |
US7161362B2 (en) | 2001-07-06 | 2007-01-09 | Aspect Medical Systems, Inc. | System and method for measuring bioelectric impedance in the presence of interference |
US20050203437A1 (en) * | 2001-07-06 | 2005-09-15 | Aspect Medical Systems, Inc. | System and method for measuring bioelectric impedance in the presence of interference |
US20030006782A1 (en) * | 2001-07-06 | 2003-01-09 | Aspect Medical Systems, Inc. | System and method for measuring bioelectric impedance in the presence of interference |
US6882166B2 (en) * | 2001-07-06 | 2005-04-19 | Aspect Medical Systems, Inc. | System and method for measuring the validity of a bioelectric impedance measurement in the presence of interference |
US6782283B2 (en) * | 2001-09-07 | 2004-08-24 | Robert N. Schmidt | Dry penetrating recording device |
US9572506B1 (en) * | 2001-09-07 | 2017-02-21 | Orbital Research Inc. | Physiological recording device with harness to attach and method |
US7489959B1 (en) * | 2001-09-07 | 2009-02-10 | Orbital Research Inc. | Physiological recording device |
US20030050550A1 (en) * | 2001-09-07 | 2003-03-13 | Schmidt Robert N. | Dry physiological recording electrode |
US20030050548A1 (en) * | 2001-09-07 | 2003-03-13 | Schmidt Robert N. | Dry penetrating recording device |
US7881764B1 (en) * | 2001-09-07 | 2011-02-01 | Orbital Reseach Inc. | Physiological recording device |
US7286864B1 (en) | 2001-09-07 | 2007-10-23 | Orbital Research, Inc. | Dry physiological recording device |
US7032302B1 (en) | 2001-09-07 | 2006-04-25 | Orbital Research Inc. | Dry physiological recording device |
US6785569B2 (en) * | 2001-09-07 | 2004-08-31 | Orbital Research | Dry physiological recording electrode |
US7032301B1 (en) * | 2001-09-07 | 2006-04-25 | Orbital Research Inc | Dry physiological recording electrode |
US7136696B2 (en) | 2002-04-05 | 2006-11-14 | The Cleveland Clinic Foundation | Neuron signal analysis system and method |
US9017258B2 (en) * | 2002-10-11 | 2015-04-28 | Scibase Ab | Determination of biological conditions using impedance measurements |
US20040127780A1 (en) * | 2002-10-11 | 2004-07-01 | Stig Ollmar | Determination of biological conditions using impedance measurements |
US20040204658A1 (en) * | 2003-04-10 | 2004-10-14 | Dietz Phillip W. | Systems and methods for providing an enhanced bioelectric sensing surface |
US7359744B2 (en) | 2004-01-08 | 2008-04-15 | Samsung Eectronics Co., Ltd. | Body surface bio-potential sensor having multiple electrodes and apparatus including the same |
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AU2391101A (en) | 2001-07-31 |
EP1164927B1 (en) | 2006-05-24 |
DE60119835D1 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
JP2003520093A (en) | 2003-07-02 |
EP1164927A1 (en) | 2002-01-02 |
ATE326901T1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
DE60119835T2 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
WO2001052730A1 (en) | 2001-07-26 |
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