US6293312B1 - Thermoplastic tubing - Google Patents
Thermoplastic tubing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US6293312B1 US6293312B1 US09/575,946 US57594600A US6293312B1 US 6293312 B1 US6293312 B1 US 6293312B1 US 57594600 A US57594600 A US 57594600A US 6293312 B1 US6293312 B1 US 6293312B1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- adhesion promoter
- tubing
- nylon
- thermoplastic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
- F16L9/14—Compound tubes, i.e. made of materials not wholly covered by any one of the preceding groups
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
- F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
- F16L11/12—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with arrangements for particular purposes, e.g. specially profiled, with protecting layer, heated, electrically conducting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
- F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
- F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
- F16L2011/047—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with a diffusion barrier layer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S138/00—Pipes and tubular conduits
- Y10S138/03—Polytetrafluoroethylene, i.e. PTFE
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
- Y10T428/139—Open-ended, self-supporting conduit, cylinder, or tube-type article
- Y10T428/1393—Multilayer [continuous layer]
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to tubing and particularly to fuel transport tubing such as fuel filler and fuel filler neck tubing. More particularly, this invention relates to a thermoplastic tubing for transfer of hydrocarbon fuel comprising a fluoropolymer inner layer and a melt processible polyamide outer layer wherein at least one of the layers also includes an adhesion promoter which improves interlayer bonding.
- Tubing assemblies for the transport of liquids and vapors are well known in the art.
- tubing assemblies are exposed to a variety of deleterious and harmful conditions.
- the tubing is in nearly constant contact with fuel and other automotive fluids and additives.
- there are external environmental factors such as stone impact and corrosive media (such as salt) to consider.
- temperatures often rise to extremely high levels, and in cold climates, there is exposure to extremely low temperatures as well.
- tubing having multiple layers.
- the materials of each layer have specific, and preferably complementary, properties.
- Inner tubing layers for example, are typically designed to be resistant to permeation by liquids and gases, while outer layers possess mechanical strength and shock resistance.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,561,493 to Maillard discloses tubing having two coextruded layers of different plastics, and a coextruded layer of adhesive therebetween. The layers are chosen from plastics having complementary properties.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,643,927 to Luecke et al. discloses tubing having a central barrier layer of polyvinylidene chloride that is relatively gas impermeable. The barrier layer is surrounded by inner and outer adhesive layers which in turn are surrounded by inner and outer surface layers of polyethylene that protect the central barrier layer from degradation.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,038,833 to Brunnhofer discloses tubing having a protective outer polyamide layer, a middle alcohol barrier layer of polyvinyl-alcohol, and an inner water barrier layer of polyamide.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,076,329 to Brunnhofer shows a five-layer tubing assembly having outer, inner and middle layers of nylon, and intermediate bonding and solvent-blocking layers.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,383,087 to Noone et al. discloses an outer impact-resistant polyamide layer, an intermediate bonding layer, an inner permeation-resistant fluoroplastic layer, and an innermost conductive fluoroplastic layer for dissipation of electrostatic charge. All layers are coextruded.
- the innermost conductive layer exhibits an exceptional electrostatic dissipation capacity in the range of 10 ⁇ 4 to 10 ⁇ 9 ohm/cm 2 .
- Materials possessing such extremely high conductivity, however, are typically metallic or brittle plastic. Consequently, they are difficult to extrude and also exhibit poor mechanical properties.
- most of the fluoropolymers disclosed in the '087 patent bond poorly with dissimilar polymers.
- Nawrot et al. disclose multi-layer coextruded tubing having an outer layer of polyamide 12 , an inner PVDF layer, and a middle adhesion binder layer (a mixture of polyurethane and ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer).
- a middle adhesion binder layer a mixture of polyurethane and ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer.
- PVDF demonstrates better adhesion to the polyamide layer
- PVDF multi-layer tubing suffers from poor cold impact-resistance. This is due to the fact that PVDF becomes brittle at low temperatures.
- the present invention is a multi-layer thermoplastic tube for transfer of hydrocarbon fuel comprising an inner fluoroplastic layer and an outer polyamide layer bonded to the fluoroplastic layer wherein an adhesion promoter is included in at least one of the layers.
- the adhesion promoter is an unsubstituted or substituted phenol salt of 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5,4,0]undec-7-ene which functions to increase the adhesive bond strength between the two layers.
- the adhesion promoter provides a chemically bonded adhesion in addition to the mechanical adhesion associated with extrusion or lamination of the layers. The adhesion promoter increases the adhesion without adversely affecting the electrostatic dissipation properties of the tubing materials.
- thermoplastic multi-layer material comprising an inner layer of a thermoplastic form of a tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride (THV) terpolymer and an outer layer of a melt processible polyamide bonded to said inner layer wherein at least one of the layers further comprises an adhesion promoter is provided.
- the adhesion promoter is an unsubstituted or substituted phenol salt of 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5,4,0]undec-7-ene (DBU).
- DBU 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5,4,0]undec-7-ene
- a tubing for transfer of hydrocarbon fuel having improved inter-layer bonding comprises an inner layer of a thermoplastic form of a tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride terpolymer and an outer layer of a melt processible polyamide bonded to the inner layer wherein at least one of the layers further comprises an adhesion promoter comprising an unsubstituted or substituted phenol salt of 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5,4,0]undec-7-ene.
- the tubing not only exhibits improved resistance to delamination during forming and flexing, but also provides the necessary levels of impermeability to fuel vapors and is relatively inexpensive to produce.
- the tubing structure comprises an inner barrier layer comprising a thermoplastic form of THV and an outer protective cover adjacent to and surrounding the barrier layer comprising a melt processible polyamide and an adhesion promoter comprising an unsubstituted or substituted phenol salt of 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5,4,0]undec-7-ene.
- the tubing structure comprises an inner barrier layer comprising a thermoplastic form of THV and an adhesion promoter comprising an unsubstituted or substituted phenol salt of 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5,4,0]undec-7-ene on a novolac carrier and an outer protective cover adjacent to and surrounding the barrier layer comprising a melt processible polyamide.
- the tubing structure comprises an inner barrier layer comprising a thermoplastic form of THV and an adhesion promoter comprising an unsubstituted or substituted phenol salt of 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5,4,0]undec-7-ene and an outer protective cover adjacent to and surrounding the barrier layer comprising a melt processible polyamide and an adhesion promoter comprising an unsubstituted or substituted phenol salt of 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5,4,0]undec-7-ene.
- the present invention also provides a method for improving the bond strength between a fluoroplastic material and a melt processible polyamide material comprising the steps of: providing a fluoroplastic material comprising a thermoplastic form of a tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride terpolymer; providing a melt processible polyamide; mixing an adhesion promoter comprising an unsubstituted or substituted phenol salt of 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5,4,0]undec-7-ene with at least one of the fluoroplastic material or the melt processible polyamide material; and forming a multi-layer article comprising a layer made of the fluoroplastic material contacting a layer made of the melt processible polyamide material.
- the adhesion promoter is present in an amount sufficient to increase the adhesive bond strength between the two layers.
- the methods and compositions of this invention are particularly useful for making multi-layer articles such as tubing and hoses suitable for conveying hydrocarbon fuels.
- the tubing when employed in fuel transport hoses, provides increased inter-layer bonding and low permeability to hydrocarbon fuel vapors.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation illustrating a method for producing a tubing according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective cutaway view of a tubular member illustrating a first manifestation of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view along line 3 — 3 in FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view along line 4 — 4 in FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 5 is a perspective cutaway view of a tubular member which illustrates another manifestation of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view along line 6 — 6 in FIG. 5 .
- FIG. 7 is a perspective cutaway view of a tubular member which illustrates another manifestation of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view along line 8 — 8 in FIG. 7 .
- the present invention is a thermoplastic tube 10 suitable for transfer of hydrocarbon fuel.
- the thermoplastic tube 10 of the invention includes an inner fluoroplastic layer 12 and an outer polyamide layer 14 bonded to the fluoroplastic layer 12 .
- At least one of the layers 12 , 14 also includes an adhesion promoter 16 which functions to increase the adhesive bond strength between the two layers.
- the adhesion promoter 16 is an unsubstituted or substituted phenol salt of 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5,4,0]undec-7-ene.
- the adhesion promoter provides a chemically bonded adhesion in addition to the mechanical adhesion associated with extrusion or lamination of the layers.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation illustrating the general scheme for producing a thermoplastic multi-layer article or tubing 10 in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention wherein starting materials including a fluoroplastic material containing an adhesion promoter and a melt processible polyamide material are used to form a multi-layer article or tubing 10 .
- starting materials including a fluoroplastic material containing an adhesion promoter and a melt processible polyamide material are used to form a multi-layer article or tubing 10 .
- Various methods known in the art can be used to produce a bonded multi-layer article or tubing 10 wherein the inner fluoroplastic layer 12 is bonded to the outer polyamide layer 14 .
- the fluoroplastic and polyamide can be formed by known methods into thin film layers.
- the fluoroplastic layer 12 and the polyamide layer 14 can then be laminated together under heat and/or pressure to form a bonded, multi-layer article 10 .
- the fluoroplastic layer 12 and the polyamide layer 14 are co-extruded into a multi-layer article or tubing 10 .
- FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 illustrate a preferred manifestation of the present invention wherein a tubing 10 comprises an inner barrier layer 12 forming the interior wall of the tubing 10 and an outer cover 14 as the exterior protective surface of the tubing 10 .
- the inner layer comprises a thermoplastic form of a THV terpolymer.
- the outer cover 14 comprises a melt processible polyamide and an adhesion promoter 16 .
- FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate a second manifestation wherein a tube 20 comprises an inner barrier layer 12 forming the interior wall of the tube 20 and an outer cover 14 as the exterior protective surface of the tube 20 .
- the inner layer comprises a thermoplastic form of a THV terpolymer and an adhesion promoter 16 .
- the outer cover 14 comprises a melt processible polyamide.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 A third manifestation of the invention is illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8 where the tube 30 comprises an inner barrier layer 12 forming the interior wall of the tube 30 and an outer cover 14 forming the exterior protective surface of the tube 30 .
- the inner layer 12 comprises a thermoplastic form of a THV terpolymer and an adhesion promoter 16 .
- the outer cover 14 comprises a melt processible polyamide and an adhesion promoter 16 .
- hydrocarbon as used herein is meant to include fuels such as gasoline, oils, air conditioning gases, organic chemicals, and the like.
- the inner barrier layer 12 of the invention is formed from a fluoroplastic terpolymer comprised of the monomers tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride.
- the tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride fluoroplastic terpolymer is a fluorothermoplastic such as Dyneon THV, which is commercially available from Dyneon.
- the THV terpolymer useful in the present invention exhibits improved gasoline permeation resistance.
- the thickness of the barrier layer 12 is about 5 to 25 mils, preferably about 13 to 14 mils.
- the outer cover 14 of the tubing is a protective layer of a melt processible polyamide having good heat resistance, oil resistance, weather resistance and flame resistance.
- Polyamides useful as the protective outer layer are generally commercially available.
- polyamides such as any of the well-known Nylons are available from a number of sources.
- Particularly preferred polyamides are nylon 6, nylon 6-6, nylon 11, or nylon 12. It should be noted that the selection of a particular polyamide material should be based upon the physical requirements of the particular application for the resulting article. For example, nylon 6 and nylon 6-6 offer higher heat resistant properties than nylon 11 or nylon 12, whereas nylon 11 and nylon 12 offer better chemical resistant properties.
- nylon 6,12 In addition to those polyamide materials, other nylon material such as nylon 6,12, nylon 6,9, nylon 4, nylon 4,2, nylon 4,6, nylon 7, and nylon 8 may also be used.
- Ring containing polyamides e.g., nylon 6,T and nylon 6,I, may also be used.
- the adhesion promoter 16 of the present invention improves inter-layer adhesion between the inner barrier layer 12 and the outer protective layer 14 .
- the adhesion promoter 16 of the invention is an unsubstituted or substituted phenol salt of 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5,4,0]undec-7-ene (DBU).
- the salt can be obtained by adding a compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group such as phenol, cresol or the like to DBU.
- the preferred adhesion promoters are salts of phenol novolac resin with 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5,4,0]undec-7-ene having a total amine value of approximately 102 to 118 and a softening point of about 125° C.
- the adhesion promoter 16 is uniformly dispersed within at least one of the thermoplastic THV composition or the melt processible polyamide composition used to produce the inner barrier layer and outer protective layer, respectively.
- a layer of the tubing modified with the adhesion promoter contains from about 0.1 to 3 phr of the adhesion promoter.
- one or more layers of the tubing can be made conductive to prevent the buildup of static electricity generated by the flow of fuel along the inner surface of the hose.
- Such a build up of static electricity over time has been known to cause the formation of pin holes in the hose allowing the fuel to leak out through the holes.
- the inner barrier layer 12 or the outer layer 14 is made conductive by compounding the layer material with carbon black or other industry recognized ingredients to provide conductivity to the barrier layer. While the amount of carbon black added is not critical, excess carbon black tends to make the material more difficult to process. In vapor or vent applications, the innermost layer of the hose need not be conductive.
- the adhesion promoter and processing conditions of the present invention do not interfere with the electrostatic dissipative properties of the tubing.
- the methods of producing the fuel transfer tubing of the present invention are known in the art. For example, thin film lamination, separate extrusion, tandem extrusion, or coextrusion processes may be used. For versatility and cost reasons, the preferred methods for producing the hydrocarbon transfer tubing of the present invention are separate extrusion and tandem extrusion.
- Production of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is as follows. First, a twin screw extruder is used to mix ⁇ disperse the adhesion promoter (V-13) at a concentration of 0.1 to 3 phr with a melt processible polyamide selected from the group consisting of Nylon 6, Nylon 6-6, Nylon 11 and Nylon 12. The resulting composition is pellitized and used as a protective cover or veneer layer in a coextruded tube over an inner THV layer.
- a tubing incorporating the adhesion promoter in the inner barrier layer can be produced-as follows. First, the adhesion promoter is blended with the THV composition at a concentration of 0.1 to 3 phr. Then, the modified THV and a melt processible polyamide are coextruded using two extruders and a coextrusion die which extrudes both materials simultaneously to form the tubing according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- thermoplastic tubing of the present invention is that the outer layer may be directly bonded to the inner barrier layer without the need for an intermediate tie layer. Presence of the adhesion promoter in tone or both layers of the tubing provides improved inter-layer bonding strength which produces a tube resistant to delamination during forming or use.
- the tube of the invention may optionally include a reinforcing member which affords physical strength to the finished tubing.
- the reinforcing member is selected from a group consisting of glass fibers, cotton fibers, polyamide fibers, polyester fibers, and rayon fibers.
- the reinforcing material is an aromatic polyamide such as Kevlar or Nomex both of which are manufactured by DuPont.
- the reinforcing material may be either knitted, braided, or spiraled to form the reinforcing member. Alternatively, the reinforcing material may be chopped and added to the nylon.
- additives such as antioxidants, processing aids, etc. can be employed in carrying out the present invention and it is within the scope of this invention to incorporate herein any such additives as commonly used in making fuel line tubing.
- the THV barrier layer of the present invention is useful in reducing the permeability of fuel vapors from the fuel transfer tube; however, it is also useful in reducing the permeability of chemical vapors such as in air conditioning hoses, oil hoses, and the like where severe chemical resistance or vapor permeation resistance is required.
Abstract
Description
Claims (27)
Priority Applications (12)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/575,946 US6293312B1 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2000-05-23 | Thermoplastic tubing |
ARP010102406A AR029525A1 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2001-05-21 | THERMOPLASTIC PIPE FOR THE TRANSFER OF HYDROCARBON FUELS, MULTI-PAD THERMOPLASTIC MATERIAL, AND METHOD FOR IMPROVING ADHESIVE FORCE IN A MULTI-PATH THERMOPLASTIC MATERIAL |
JP2001586359A JP2003534508A (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2001-05-23 | Thermoplastic tube |
MXPA02011469A MXPA02011469A (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2001-05-23 | Thermoplastic tubing. |
AU2001265114A AU2001265114B2 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2001-05-23 | Thermoplastic tubing |
EP01939617A EP1283967A4 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2001-05-23 | Thermoplastic tubing |
KR1020027015652A KR100593514B1 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2001-05-23 | Thermoplastic tube |
AU6511401A AU6511401A (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2001-05-23 | Thermoplastic tubing |
PCT/US2001/017316 WO2001090625A1 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2001-05-23 | Thermoplastic tubing |
BR0111066-7A BR0111066A (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2001-05-23 | Thermoplastic tubing |
CA002408151A CA2408151A1 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2001-05-23 | Thermoplastic tubing |
US09/953,709 US6852188B2 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2001-09-17 | Method for manufacturing thermoplastic tubing |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/575,946 US6293312B1 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2000-05-23 | Thermoplastic tubing |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/953,709 Continuation-In-Part US6852188B2 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2001-09-17 | Method for manufacturing thermoplastic tubing |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US6293312B1 true US6293312B1 (en) | 2001-09-25 |
Family
ID=24302340
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/575,946 Expired - Fee Related US6293312B1 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2000-05-23 | Thermoplastic tubing |
US09/953,709 Expired - Fee Related US6852188B2 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2001-09-17 | Method for manufacturing thermoplastic tubing |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/953,709 Expired - Fee Related US6852188B2 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2001-09-17 | Method for manufacturing thermoplastic tubing |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6293312B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1283967A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2003534508A (en) |
KR (1) | KR100593514B1 (en) |
AR (1) | AR029525A1 (en) |
AU (2) | AU6511401A (en) |
BR (1) | BR0111066A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2408151A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA02011469A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001090625A1 (en) |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6446673B1 (en) * | 2001-01-12 | 2002-09-10 | Tokai Rubber Industries, Ltd. | Fuel hose of low fuel permeability |
US6655414B2 (en) * | 1999-09-30 | 2003-12-02 | Asahi Glass Company, Limited | Fuel hose |
US6742952B1 (en) | 2003-02-28 | 2004-06-01 | Bic Corporation | Transparent or translucent tubular structure |
US6880593B1 (en) | 2003-12-10 | 2005-04-19 | Dayco Products, Llc | Fuel fill system |
US6902208B1 (en) | 2003-12-10 | 2005-06-07 | Dayco Product, Llc | Gas impermeable tube joint and method of forming same |
US20050161095A1 (en) * | 2004-01-27 | 2005-07-28 | Raja Banerjee | Fuel fill system with fuel vapor recirculation |
EP1840433A1 (en) * | 2006-03-29 | 2007-10-03 | Tohoku University | Resin pipe and pipe material |
US20090169790A1 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-02 | Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation | Reinforced tube |
US20090169789A1 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-02 | National University Corporation Tohoku University | Resin pipe |
US20090288727A1 (en) * | 2008-05-22 | 2009-11-26 | Lars-Ingvar Nordstrom | Tube of fabric reinforced pvc |
US20100206844A1 (en) * | 2009-02-19 | 2010-08-19 | Dewald Richard E | Method of fabricating a ptfe seal element and a shaft seal assembly therewith |
US20160281886A1 (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2016-09-29 | Sumitomo Riko Company Limited | Fuel hose |
US20180356011A1 (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2018-12-13 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Tubing for fluid cooling systems |
US20190056048A1 (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2019-02-21 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Laminate, molded article, and in-tank tube |
US11465395B2 (en) | 2019-05-22 | 2022-10-11 | Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation | Multilayer flexible tube and methods for making same |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20060013396A (en) * | 2003-05-14 | 2006-02-09 | 미쓰비시 쥬시 가부시끼가이샤 | Fluororesin laminated film and method for producing same |
JP4860213B2 (en) * | 2005-09-06 | 2012-01-25 | 三桜工業株式会社 | Multi-layer resin tube |
US9208627B2 (en) * | 2007-02-12 | 2015-12-08 | Bosch Automotive Service Solutions Inc. | Scan tool with integrated global positioning system |
CN101646871A (en) * | 2007-03-07 | 2010-02-10 | 圣戈本操作塑料有限公司 | Multilayer tubing |
TW201722699A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2017-07-01 | 聖高拜塑膠製品公司 | Composite tubing and method for making and using same |
WO2021211442A1 (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2021-10-21 | Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation | Multilayer tube and method for making same |
Citations (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3166688A (en) | 1962-11-14 | 1965-01-19 | Ronald P Rowand | Polytetrafluoroethylene tubing having electrically conductive properties |
US3473087A (en) | 1962-05-22 | 1969-10-14 | Raybestos Manhattan Inc | Electrically conductive polytetrafluoroethylene tubing |
US3561493A (en) | 1965-04-21 | 1971-02-09 | Paul Maillard | Composite tubes and method of manufacturing same |
US4643927A (en) | 1985-07-18 | 1987-02-17 | The Dow Chemical Company | Tubular, multi-layer film and method of making |
US4887647A (en) | 1987-07-08 | 1989-12-19 | Tokai Rubber Industries, Ltd. | Hose |
US5038833A (en) | 1985-03-22 | 1991-08-13 | Technoform Caprano+Brunnhofer Kg | Fuel line for fixed-length vehicle installation |
US5076329A (en) | 1989-11-20 | 1991-12-31 | Technoform Caprano & Brunnhofer Kg | Layered fuel-line hose |
US5170011A (en) | 1991-09-25 | 1992-12-08 | Teleflex Incorporated | Hose assembly |
US5383087A (en) | 1992-04-14 | 1995-01-17 | Itt Corporation | Multi-layer fuel and vapor tube |
US5419374A (en) | 1992-02-25 | 1995-05-30 | Elf Atochem S. A. | Polyamide-based tube for a gasoline transport |
EP0661094A2 (en) | 1993-12-28 | 1995-07-05 | Toho Rayon Co., Ltd. | Adsorption material comprising activated carbon fiber and polytetrafluoroethylene |
WO1995023036A1 (en) | 1994-02-23 | 1995-08-31 | Pilot Industries, Inc. | Fluoropolymer composite tube and method of preparation |
US5588469A (en) * | 1994-10-17 | 1996-12-31 | Marugo Rubber Industries, Ltd. | Hose for automotive fuel piping |
US5639528A (en) * | 1995-04-24 | 1997-06-17 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Hose construction containing fluoroplastic terpolymers |
US5679425A (en) * | 1994-11-23 | 1997-10-21 | Plumley Companies, Inc. | Hose for fuel handling systems |
US5985954A (en) * | 1996-12-03 | 1999-11-16 | Htiachi Chemical Company, Ltd. | Epoxy resin composition for sealing photo-semiconductor element and photo-semiconductor device sealed with the epoxy resin composition |
US6005030A (en) * | 1997-01-28 | 1999-12-21 | Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. | Epoxy resin composition for semiconductor sealing and resin molded type semiconductor device sealed with the epoxy resin composition |
US6080487A (en) * | 1996-08-26 | 2000-06-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of improving adhesion between a fluoropolymer and a substrate |
US6106914A (en) * | 1997-01-22 | 2000-08-22 | Tokai Rubber Industries, Ltd. | Laminar structure and a hose formed of the laminar structure exhibiting good adhesiveness between adjacent layers |
US6156400A (en) * | 1998-04-09 | 2000-12-05 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Multi-layer compositions comprising a fluoropolymer |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19581554B4 (en) * | 1994-03-04 | 2006-10-26 | Aeroquip Corp., Maumee | Composite and tube |
JP3419160B2 (en) * | 1994-08-09 | 2003-06-23 | 東海ゴム工業株式会社 | Fuel hose and resin composition used therefor |
JP3453940B2 (en) * | 1994-08-11 | 2003-10-06 | 東海ゴム工業株式会社 | Fuel hose and resin composition used therefor |
US5552199A (en) * | 1994-09-02 | 1996-09-03 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Melt-processable electroconductive fluoroplastic |
US6270901B1 (en) * | 1997-12-19 | 2001-08-07 | Dyneon Llc | Compositions for bonding fluoroplastics |
JP4512910B2 (en) * | 1998-07-30 | 2010-07-28 | ダイネオン エルエルシー | Composite articles containing fluoropolymers |
JP4055344B2 (en) * | 1999-11-16 | 2008-03-05 | 東海ゴム工業株式会社 | Fuel system hose |
US6230749B1 (en) * | 1999-11-29 | 2001-05-15 | Norma Products (Us) Inc. | Multilayer tube |
-
2000
- 2000-05-23 US US09/575,946 patent/US6293312B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-05-21 AR ARP010102406A patent/AR029525A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-05-23 AU AU6511401A patent/AU6511401A/en active Pending
- 2001-05-23 KR KR1020027015652A patent/KR100593514B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-05-23 MX MXPA02011469A patent/MXPA02011469A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-05-23 JP JP2001586359A patent/JP2003534508A/en active Pending
- 2001-05-23 BR BR0111066-7A patent/BR0111066A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-05-23 WO PCT/US2001/017316 patent/WO2001090625A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-05-23 CA CA002408151A patent/CA2408151A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-05-23 AU AU2001265114A patent/AU2001265114B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-05-23 EP EP01939617A patent/EP1283967A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-09-17 US US09/953,709 patent/US6852188B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3473087A (en) | 1962-05-22 | 1969-10-14 | Raybestos Manhattan Inc | Electrically conductive polytetrafluoroethylene tubing |
US3166688A (en) | 1962-11-14 | 1965-01-19 | Ronald P Rowand | Polytetrafluoroethylene tubing having electrically conductive properties |
US3561493A (en) | 1965-04-21 | 1971-02-09 | Paul Maillard | Composite tubes and method of manufacturing same |
US5038833A (en) | 1985-03-22 | 1991-08-13 | Technoform Caprano+Brunnhofer Kg | Fuel line for fixed-length vehicle installation |
US4643927A (en) | 1985-07-18 | 1987-02-17 | The Dow Chemical Company | Tubular, multi-layer film and method of making |
US4887647A (en) | 1987-07-08 | 1989-12-19 | Tokai Rubber Industries, Ltd. | Hose |
US5076329A (en) | 1989-11-20 | 1991-12-31 | Technoform Caprano & Brunnhofer Kg | Layered fuel-line hose |
US5170011A (en) | 1991-09-25 | 1992-12-08 | Teleflex Incorporated | Hose assembly |
US5419374A (en) | 1992-02-25 | 1995-05-30 | Elf Atochem S. A. | Polyamide-based tube for a gasoline transport |
US5383087A (en) | 1992-04-14 | 1995-01-17 | Itt Corporation | Multi-layer fuel and vapor tube |
EP0661094A2 (en) | 1993-12-28 | 1995-07-05 | Toho Rayon Co., Ltd. | Adsorption material comprising activated carbon fiber and polytetrafluoroethylene |
EP0661094B1 (en) | 1993-12-28 | 1997-12-29 | Toho Rayon Co., Ltd. | Adsorption material comprising activated carbon fiber and polytetrafluoroethylene |
WO1995023036A1 (en) | 1994-02-23 | 1995-08-31 | Pilot Industries, Inc. | Fluoropolymer composite tube and method of preparation |
US5588469A (en) * | 1994-10-17 | 1996-12-31 | Marugo Rubber Industries, Ltd. | Hose for automotive fuel piping |
US5679425A (en) * | 1994-11-23 | 1997-10-21 | Plumley Companies, Inc. | Hose for fuel handling systems |
US5639528A (en) * | 1995-04-24 | 1997-06-17 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Hose construction containing fluoroplastic terpolymers |
US6080487A (en) * | 1996-08-26 | 2000-06-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of improving adhesion between a fluoropolymer and a substrate |
US5985954A (en) * | 1996-12-03 | 1999-11-16 | Htiachi Chemical Company, Ltd. | Epoxy resin composition for sealing photo-semiconductor element and photo-semiconductor device sealed with the epoxy resin composition |
US6106914A (en) * | 1997-01-22 | 2000-08-22 | Tokai Rubber Industries, Ltd. | Laminar structure and a hose formed of the laminar structure exhibiting good adhesiveness between adjacent layers |
US6005030A (en) * | 1997-01-28 | 1999-12-21 | Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. | Epoxy resin composition for semiconductor sealing and resin molded type semiconductor device sealed with the epoxy resin composition |
US6156400A (en) * | 1998-04-09 | 2000-12-05 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Multi-layer compositions comprising a fluoropolymer |
Cited By (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6655414B2 (en) * | 1999-09-30 | 2003-12-02 | Asahi Glass Company, Limited | Fuel hose |
US6446673B1 (en) * | 2001-01-12 | 2002-09-10 | Tokai Rubber Industries, Ltd. | Fuel hose of low fuel permeability |
US6742952B1 (en) | 2003-02-28 | 2004-06-01 | Bic Corporation | Transparent or translucent tubular structure |
US6880593B1 (en) | 2003-12-10 | 2005-04-19 | Dayco Products, Llc | Fuel fill system |
US6902208B1 (en) | 2003-12-10 | 2005-06-07 | Dayco Product, Llc | Gas impermeable tube joint and method of forming same |
US20050127668A1 (en) * | 2003-12-10 | 2005-06-16 | Mobley John E. | Gas impermeable tube joint and method of forming same |
US20050161095A1 (en) * | 2004-01-27 | 2005-07-28 | Raja Banerjee | Fuel fill system with fuel vapor recirculation |
US7243678B2 (en) | 2004-01-27 | 2007-07-17 | Dayco Products, Llc | Fuel fill system with fuel vapor recirculation |
EP1840433A1 (en) * | 2006-03-29 | 2007-10-03 | Tohoku University | Resin pipe and pipe material |
US20070231523A1 (en) * | 2006-03-29 | 2007-10-04 | Tohoku University | Resin pipe and pipe material |
US20090169790A1 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-02 | Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation | Reinforced tube |
US20090169789A1 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-02 | National University Corporation Tohoku University | Resin pipe |
US20090288727A1 (en) * | 2008-05-22 | 2009-11-26 | Lars-Ingvar Nordstrom | Tube of fabric reinforced pvc |
US7841367B2 (en) * | 2008-05-22 | 2010-11-30 | Nordstroem Lars-Ingvar | Tube of fabric reinforced PVC |
US20100206844A1 (en) * | 2009-02-19 | 2010-08-19 | Dewald Richard E | Method of fabricating a ptfe seal element and a shaft seal assembly therewith |
CN102317663A (en) * | 2009-02-19 | 2012-01-11 | 费德罗-莫格尔公司 | Make the method for PTFE seal element and gland seal assembly thereof |
US8343370B2 (en) * | 2009-02-19 | 2013-01-01 | Federal-Mogul Corporation | Method of fabricating a PTFE seal element and a shaft seal assembly therewith |
CN102317663B (en) * | 2009-02-19 | 2014-11-05 | 费德罗-莫格尔公司 | Method of fabricating a PTFE seal element and a shaft seal assembly therewith |
CN106015773A (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2016-10-12 | 住友理工株式会社 | Fuel hose |
US20160281886A1 (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2016-09-29 | Sumitomo Riko Company Limited | Fuel hose |
US10065400B2 (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2018-09-04 | Sumitomo Riko Company Limited | Fuel hose |
CN106015773B (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2018-11-23 | 住友理工株式会社 | fuel hose |
US20180356011A1 (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2018-12-13 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Tubing for fluid cooling systems |
US10316992B2 (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2019-06-11 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Tubing for fluid cooling systems |
US20190056048A1 (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2019-02-21 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Laminate, molded article, and in-tank tube |
US11465395B2 (en) | 2019-05-22 | 2022-10-11 | Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation | Multilayer flexible tube and methods for making same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1283967A1 (en) | 2003-02-19 |
EP1283967A4 (en) | 2003-07-16 |
JP2003534508A (en) | 2003-11-18 |
CA2408151A1 (en) | 2001-11-29 |
WO2001090625A1 (en) | 2001-11-29 |
AU2001265114B2 (en) | 2005-09-08 |
KR100593514B1 (en) | 2006-06-28 |
US6852188B2 (en) | 2005-02-08 |
AU6511401A (en) | 2001-12-03 |
KR20030007656A (en) | 2003-01-23 |
MXPA02011469A (en) | 2003-04-25 |
AR029525A1 (en) | 2003-07-02 |
BR0111066A (en) | 2003-06-03 |
US20020043330A1 (en) | 2002-04-18 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6293312B1 (en) | Thermoplastic tubing | |
AU2001265114A1 (en) | Thermoplastic tubing | |
EP0804700B1 (en) | Elongated fuel and vapor tube having multiple layers and method of making the same | |
US5937911A (en) | Fuel transporting hose having resin tube of fluorine-contained resin layer and other synthetic resin layer, and process of producing the resin tube | |
US6203873B1 (en) | Blends of fluoroelastomer interpolymers with thermo fluoroplastic interpolymers and the use of such blends in hoses | |
EP1169169A2 (en) | Tubing for handling hydrocarbon materials and having an outer jacket layer adhered thereto | |
US5931201A (en) | Multi-layer tubing assembly for fluid and vapor handling systems | |
US6012496A (en) | Multi-layer tubing assembly for fluid and vapor handling systems | |
US6192942B1 (en) | Multi-layer tubing assembly for fluid and vapor handling systems | |
US20080053597A1 (en) | Multilayer hose | |
US6155304A (en) | Reinforced flexible tubing for fluid handling systems and method | |
US5934336A (en) | Multi-layer tubing assembly for fluid and vapor handling systems | |
US6039085A (en) | Multi-layer tubing assembly with foamed outer layer | |
US6823898B1 (en) | Low cost, low permeation multi-layer tubing | |
JP2019038254A (en) | Laminate and tube | |
MXPA99000336A (en) | Assembly of pipe in multi-clips for fluid and fluid management systems |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: DAYCO PRODUCTS, INC., OHIO Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:STRIPE, STANLEY E.;REEL/FRAME:010845/0831 Effective date: 20000512 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: DAYCO PRODUCTS, LLC, OHIO Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:DAYCO PRODUCTS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:012273/0851 Effective date: 20000913 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT, TEXA Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:DAYCO PRODUCTS, LLC, AS SUCCESSOR-IN-INTEREST TO DAYCO PRODUCTS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:012967/0922 Effective date: 20020531 |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: FLUID ROUTING SOLUTIONS, INC., MICHIGAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:DAYCO PRODUCTS, LLC;REEL/FRAME:019562/0478 Effective date: 20070524 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: DAYCO PRODUCTS, LLC, OHIO Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT;REEL/FRAME:019605/0218 Effective date: 20070724 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: WELLS FARGO FOOTHILL, INC., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGEN Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:FLUID ROUTING SOLUTIONS, INC.;FLUID ROUTING SOLUTIONS AUTOMOTIVE, LLC;DETROIT FUEL, INC.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:019668/0301 Effective date: 20070730 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SUN FLUID ROUTING FINANCE, LLC, FLORIDA Free format text: PATENT SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:FLUID ROUTING SOLUTIONS, INC.;FLUID ROUTING SOLUTIONS AUTOMOTIVE, LLC;DETROIT FUEL, INC.;REEL/FRAME:021096/0865 Effective date: 20080616 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: FLUID ROUTING SOLUTIONS, INC., MICHIGAN Free format text: RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST RECORDED AT REEL/FRAME 019668/0301;ASSIGNOR:WELLS FARGO FOOTHILL, INC.;REEL/FRAME:022460/0171 Effective date: 20090327 Owner name: FLUID ROUTING SOLUTIONS AUTOMOTIVE, LLC, MICHIGAN Free format text: RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST RECORDED AT REEL/FRAME 019668/0301;ASSIGNOR:WELLS FARGO FOOTHILL, INC.;REEL/FRAME:022460/0171 Effective date: 20090327 Owner name: DETROIT FUEL, INC., MICHIGAN Free format text: RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST RECORDED AT REEL/FRAME 019668/0301;ASSIGNOR:WELLS FARGO FOOTHILL, INC.;REEL/FRAME:022460/0171 Effective date: 20090327 Owner name: FLUID ROUTING SOLUTIONS INTERMEDIATE HOLDINGS CORP Free format text: RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST RECORDED AT REEL/FRAME 019668/0301;ASSIGNOR:WELLS FARGO FOOTHILL, INC.;REEL/FRAME:022460/0171 Effective date: 20090327 Owner name: FRS GROUP, LP, FLORIDA Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:FRS HOLDING CORP.;REEL/FRAME:022460/0214 Effective date: 20090327 Owner name: FRS GROUP, LP,FLORIDA Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:FRS HOLDING CORP.;REEL/FRAME:022460/0214 Effective date: 20090327 |
|
REMI | Maintenance fee reminder mailed | ||
LAPS | Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees | ||
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: FRS HOLDING CORP., MICHIGAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:FLUID ROUTING SOLUTIONS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:023379/0627 Effective date: 20090327 Owner name: FRS HOLDING CORP.,MICHIGAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:FLUID ROUTING SOLUTIONS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:023379/0627 Effective date: 20090327 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: FLUID ROUTING SOLUTIONS, INC., MICHIGAN Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:FRS HOLDING CORP.;REEL/FRAME:023390/0031 Effective date: 20090330 Owner name: FLUID ROUTING SOLUTIONS, INC.,MICHIGAN Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:FRS HOLDING CORP.;REEL/FRAME:023390/0031 Effective date: 20090330 |
|
STCH | Information on status: patent discontinuation |
Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362 |
|
FP | Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee |
Effective date: 20090925 |