US5992763A - Nozzle and method for enhancing fluid entrainment - Google Patents
Nozzle and method for enhancing fluid entrainment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5992763A US5992763A US08/906,868 US90686897A US5992763A US 5992763 A US5992763 A US 5992763A US 90686897 A US90686897 A US 90686897A US 5992763 A US5992763 A US 5992763A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- nozzle opening
- face
- fluid
- indentation
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/60—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
- E21B10/61—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids characterised by the nozzle structure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
- B05B1/02—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
- B05B7/08—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S239/00—Fluid sprinkling, spraying, and diffusing
- Y10S239/08—Cutter sprayer
Definitions
- This invention relates to a nozzle with one or more indentations in a face of the nozzle and method for entrainment of a fluid near the nozzle face into the desired path of fluid ejected from an opening in the nozzle.
- Nozzles are used in a variety of applications and for several applications the performance of the nozzle is related to the amount of fluid entrained into the fluid path being ejected from the nozzle.
- nozzle designs incorporating entrainment properties are utilized in any fluid medium where fluid turbulence exists around the nozzles exterior surface and entrainment of the fluid surrounding the nozzle into the ejected fluid path is desired.
- fluid is intended to encompass any medium which may be emitted through a nozzle opening including, but not limited to gases, foams, mists and the like.
- Nozzles requiring entrainment properties are often used in subterranean drilling applications for hydrocarbons due to the necessity to remove cuttings from the drilling fluid that inhibit the drill bit's rate of penetration.
- Nozzles are typically incorporated into a variety of different drill bits.
- rotary drill bits are used in the drilling of deep holes, such as oil wells.
- Some are polycrystalline diamond compact (“PDC”) bits with segmented rows or sectors of diamond hardened cutters; others are rotary cone drill bits, rock bits and/or fixed cutter bits.
- PDC polycrystalline diamond compact
- the bit body upper end is threaded for attachment to the lower end of the drill line made of pipe. In normal drilling operations, the drill line pipe is rotated thus, forcing the rock bit into the earth.
- the sectors of teeth in a PDC bit or the cones in a rotary cone bit travel about the centerline of the drill bit and the rock cutters dig into the geological formation to fail scrape, crush and/or fracture it.
- the bit body also serves the function of a terminal pipe fitting to control and route drilling fluid from inside the drill line pipe out through a plurality of mud nozzles housed in the drill bit and up the annulus between the drill column and the wellbore.
- Vertical channels sometimes called junk slots, are formed between the exterior wall of the PDC bit body adjacent the nozzle locations and the borehole wall to facilitate the flow of fluid and entrained cuttings from the drilling zone. Inadequate removal of cuttings from between the cutter teeth in the drill bit and the formation rock causes more substantial rock chips on the hole bottom to be ground to a paste by the bit. For example, a cube of particle 200 microns on each side, if allowed to remain in the borehole, could be ground into 8 million 1 micron cubes.
- Hayatdavoudi in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,436,166 and 4,512,420 includes a nozzle and a drilling sub above the drilling bit.
- the nozzle is oriented to eject drilling fluid from the sub into the annulus above the bit with a horizontal velocity component tangential to the annulus to impart a swirling motion to the drilling fluid in the annulus, and create a vortex which attempts to pull the cuttings radially outward from the cutter formation interface and upward through the annulus.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,687,066 to Evans is directed to the use of bit nozzles having openings convergently skewed relative to the bit center line and to each other, causing ejected drilling fluid to spin downwardly in a vortex and sweep formation cuttings from the cutting face up through the annulus.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,533,005 to Morris relates to a nozzle for use on a rotary drill bit in which the orientation of the jet can be adjusted after the nozzle has been installed.
- the jet opening is arranged and configured such that the orientation of the fluid jet emitted therefrom is changed in response to rotation of the nozzle body about its longitudinal axis.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,519,423 to Ho et al is an apparatus for mixing fluids that includes a fluid conductive means terminating in at least one non-circular orifice for emitting a jet of first fluid along a path in a pre-selected direction and a means for providing a second fluid at a location downstream of the orifice for mixing with the first fluid.
- the orifice is elliptical to generate a jet of non-circular cross-section and relatively low aspect ratio.
- Ho primarily deals with various jet orifices for emitting a first fluid to enhance mixing with a second fluid downstream from the orifice.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,957,242 to Schadow et al is also directed to a fluid mixing device in which a jet of first fluid is passed through a nozzle having a conical inlet section in a non-circular, elongated, exit section.
- the jet of first fluid mixes with the second fluid located downstream of the device.
- the interaction of the conical and elongated sections produces axial rotation in the first fluid causing it to mix with the second fluid.
- nozzles with non-axisymmetric interior bores can increase the amount of fluid entrained, improving the rate of penetration.
- Dove et al in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,494,124 and 5,632,349 teaches the use of a drill bit having a uniquely constructed interior bore surface for maximizing the rate of penetration of the drill bit, eliminating hydrostatic hold down forces and effectively sweeping the cuttings and formation fragments into the annulus.
- a principle object of the present invention to provide a nozzle with at least one indentation in the face of the nozzle whereby the entrainment of fluid in the indentation is enhanced by the ejection of a pressurized fluid through an opening in the nozzle face.
- the nozzle of the present invention which includes a body defining a nozzle opening for ejecting a fluid therethrough and a nozzle face in surrounding relationship to the nozzle opening. At least one indentation is formed in the nozzle face adjacent to, but may be spaced from, the nozzle opening and includes a contoured surface defined by first and second side surfaces that converge toward the nozzle opening to form a leading edge closest to the nozzle opening.
- the contoured surface is substantially concave, but may be planar. The imaginary extension of at least a portion of the contoured surface converges at a focal point distal the nozzle face, defining an entrainment path.
- the focal point is closer to an imaginary projection of the nozzle opening extending outwardly from and normal to the nozzle face than the leading edge is to the nozzle opening.
- the contoured surface may also be aligned with a contoured internal surface of the body for optimal entrainment of the fluid in the indentation by the fluid ejected through the nozzle opening.
- fluid in the indentation is entrained into the fluid ejected through the nozzle opening.
- the nozzle opening includes at least one major axis and at least one minor axis.
- the imaginary extension of the substantially concave surface of each indentation also may define a primary entrainment path that is positioned closer to the minor axis than the major axis.
- the imaginary extension of the substantially concave surface of each indentation may define a secondary entrainment path that is positioned closer to the major axis than the minor axis.
- a first and second indentation are formed in the nozzle face adjacent to, but spaced from, the nozzle opening.
- Each first and second indentation has a substantially concave surface defined by first and second side surfaces converging to form a leading edge closest to the nozzle opening.
- the imaginary extension of at least a portion of each contoured surface converges at a focal point distal the nozzle face defining an entrainment path.
- Each focal point is closer to an imaginary projection of the nozzle opening extending outwardly from and normal to the nozzle face than the leading edge is to the nozzle opening.
- the first and second side surfaces of the first indentation converge toward a first end of a minor axis of the nozzle opening, and the first and second side surfaces of the second indentation converge toward a second end of the minor axis, the imaginary extension of at least a portion of each contoured surface for each first and second indentation defining a primary entrainment path that becomes normal to the nozzle face.
- first and second side surfaces of the first indentation converge from a first longitudinal side of the nozzle opening toward a first end of the major axis of the nozzle opening
- first and second side surfaces of the second indentation converge from a second longitudinal side of the nozzle opening toward a second end of the major axis
- the imaginary extension of at least a portion of each contoured surface for each first and second indentation defining a spiral entrainment path that becomes normal to the nozzle face. Consequently, numerous other shaped entrainment paths may be created by varying the position and number of indentations relative to the nozzle's internally contoured surface and the nozzle opening's major and minor axes.
- each first and second indentation may also extend through an upper portion of a side wall of the nozzle body and includes third and fourth side surfaces that converge away from the nozzle face to form another leading edge below the nozzle face.
- the another leading edge of each first and second indentation may be positioned substantially below the nozzle face and closer to a distal end of the nozzle body opposite the nozzle face, than the nozzle face.
- the nozzle body may be rotatably moveable within a housing or drill bit for aligning the contoured surface of the nozzle relative to the housing and releasably securing the nozzle to a source of pressurized fluid.
- a plurality of nozzle openings and indentations are formed in the nozzle face.
- Each nozzle opening is positioned between two indentations such that an imaginary extension of at least a portion of each contoured surface of each indentation defines an entrainment path for each adjacent nozzle opening.
- Each nozzle opening is preferably equidistantly spaced apart in alternating relationship with each indentation.
- the nozzle openings and indentations are concentrically disposed in the nozzle face.
- a nozzle is formed having a body defining a nozzle opening and a nozzle face in surrounding relationship to the nozzle opening. At least one indentation is formed in the nozzle face adjacent to, but may be spaced from, the nozzle opening.
- Each indentation includes a contoured surface that is preferably substantially concave, but may be planar.
- Each substantially concave surface is defined by first and second side surfaces that converge toward the nozzle opening to form a leading edge closest to the nozzle opening.
- the imaginary extension of at least a portion of the substantially concave surface converges at a focal point distal the nozzle face, defining an entrainment path.
- the focal point is closer to an imaginary projection of the nozzle opening extending outwardly from and normal to the nozzle face than the leading edge is to the nozzle opening.
- a distal end of the nozzle body opposite the nozzle face is then releasably connected to a source of pressurized fluid and positioned in the fluid whereby ejecting the pressurized fluid through the nozzle opening into the fluid entrains the fluid near the nozzle face in the indentation into the path of pressurized fluid being ejected through the nozzle opening.
- the substantially concave surface may also be aligned with a contoured internal surface of the body for entrainment of the fluid in the indentation by the fluid ejected through the nozzle opening.
- a plurality of indentations may be formed in the nozzle face adjacent to, but spaced from, the nozzle opening.
- Each indentation may include a substantially concave surface defined by first and second side surfaces converging to form a leading edge closest to the nozzle opening.
- the imaginary extension of at least a portion of each contoured surface converges at a focal point distal the nozzle face defining an entrainment path.
- Each focal point is closer to an imaginary projection of the nozzle opening, extending outwardly from and normal to the nozzle face than the leading edge is to the nozzle opening.
- a plurality of nozzle openings may be formed in the nozzle face. Each nozzle opening being positioned between two indentations such that each indentation defines an entrainment path for each adjacent nozzle opening. Each nozzle opening is preferably equidistantly spaced apart in alternating relationship with each indentation. The nozzle openings and indentations are concentrically disposed in the nozzle face.
- nozzle and method for enhancing fluid entrainment as described hereinabove, such as for use in fuel injection systems or combustion engines; sand/water blasting nozzles; and other mixing applications.
- FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view of one embodiment of a nozzle showing one indentation positioned at a secondary location for entrainment adjacent the nozzle opening.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side view of the nozzle embodiment depicted in FIG. 1 taken along lines 2--2.
- FIG. 3 is a partial perspective view of another embodiment of the nozzle showing two indentations positioned at primary locations for entrainment adjacent opposite sides of the nozzle opening.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional side view of the nozzle embodiment depicted in FIG. 3 taken along lines 4--4.
- FIG. 5 is a partial perspective view of another embodiment of the nozzle showing two indentations positioned on opposite sides of the nozzle opening and converging towards opposite ends of the nozzle opening that create a swirled entrainment path at two secondary locations for entrainment.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional side view of the nozzle embodiment depicted in FIG. 6 along lines 7--7.
- FIG. 8 is a partial perspective view of another embodiment of the nozzle showing three indentations positioned at primary locations for entrainment adjacent the nozzle opening.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional side view of the nozzle embodiment depicted in FIG. 8 taken along lines 9--9.
- FIG. 10 is a partial perspective view of another embodiment of the nozzle showing three indentations positioned at primary locations for entrainment adjacent the nozzle opening and three indentations positioned at secondary locations for entrainment adjacent the nozzle opening, each indentation extends through a side wall of the nozzle for entrainment when a face of the nozzle extends above a housing for the nozzle.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional side view of the nozzle embodiment depicted in FIG. 10 taken along lines 11--11.
- FIG. 12 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the nozzle with indentations formed axially through a side wall of the nozzle body at primary locations for entrainment.
- FIG. 13 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the nozzle with multiple nozzle openings and alternating indentations centrally disposed through the nozzle body.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional side view of the nozzle shown in FIG. 3 housed within a drill bit and positioned for entraining bore hole drilling fluid.
- the nozzle 10 includes a body 12 defining a nozzle opening 14 for ejecting a fluid (not shown) therethrough and a nozzle face 18 in surrounding relationship to nozzle opening 14.
- the nozzle opening 14 is generally circular, however, may be formed to include any other shape having at least one major axis 38 and at least one minor axis 40 such as the elliptical nozzle opening 14 depicted in FIG. 3.
- the nozzle face 18 is generally planar and perpendicular to a longitudinal axis 17 of the nozzle opening 14 as shown in FIG. 4. However, the nozzle face 18 may be non-planar or non-perpendicular to the axis 17 of the nozzle opening 14.
- At least one indentation 20 is formed in the nozzle face 18 adjacent the nozzle opening 14 and includes a contoured surface 22 defined by first and second side surfaces 24 and 26 that converge toward the nozzle opening 14 to form a leading edge 28 closer to the nozzle opening 14 than any other edge of said first and second side surfaces 24 and 26.
- the indentation 20 may be formed in the nozzle face 18 immediately adjacent to, and not spaced from, the nozzle opening 14.
- the leading edge 28 closest to the nozzle opening 14 is formed by a linear or non-linear edge taken between the first and second side surfaces 24 and 26, and is positioned within a distance of an edge of the nozzle opening closest to said leading edge 28 that is not substantially greater than a distance from a center of the nozzle opening to the edge of the nozzle opening.
- the contoured surface 22 is preferably concave, however, may be planar.
- the imaginary extension 30 of at least a portion of the contoured surface 22 converges at a focal point 32 distal the nozzle face 18, defining an entrainment path.
- the focal point 32 is closer to an imaginary projection 34 of the nozzle opening 14 extending outwardly from and normal to the nozzle face 18, than the leading edge 28 is to the nozzle opening 14.
- the imaginary extension or entrainment path 30 intersects the imaginary projection 34 of the nozzle opening 14 at 50.
- the contoured surface 22 of the indentation 20 is disposed in the nozzle face 18 at a secondary location for entrainment and is aligned with a contoured internal surface 36 of the nozzle body 12, which is angled.
- a primary entrainment path is achieved by positioning the imaginary extension 30 of the contoured surface 22 closer to a major axis 38 than a minor axis 40 of the nozzle opening 14 as shown by the indentations 100 in FIG. 10.
- a secondary entrainment path is achieved by positioning the imaginary extension 30 of at least a portion of the contoured surface 22 closer to the minor axis 40 than the major axis 38 as shown by the indentations 102 in FIG. 10.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 another embodiment is shown for a nozzle 10 having a first and second indentation 42 and 44 in the nozzle face 18 adjacent to, but spaced from, the nozzle opening 14.
- Each first and second indentation 42 and 44 has a contoured surface 22 which is substantially concave and defined by first and second side surfaces 24 and 26 converging to form a leading edge 28 closest to the nozzle opening 14.
- the imaginary extension 30 of at least a portion of each contoured surface 22 converges at a focal point 32 distal the nozzle face 18.
- the imaginary extension 30 of at least a portion of the contoured surface 22 defines an entrainment path that intersects an imaginary projection 34 of the nozzle opening 14 at 50, causing the entrainment of fluid (not shown) in each first and second indentation 42 and 44 into the fluid (not shown) ejected through the nozzle opening 14.
- first and second side surfaces 24 and 26 of the first indentation 42 converge toward a first end 46 of the minor axis 40 of the nozzle opening 14, and the first and second side surfaces 24 and 26 of the second indentation 44, converge toward a second end 48 of the minor axis 40.
- the imaginary extension 30 of at least a portion of each contoured surface 22 for each first and second indentation 42 and 44 defines a primary entrainment path that becomes normal to the nozzle face 18 at 50.
- a spiral entrainment path that becomes normal to the nozzle face 18 may be formed by positioning the first and second side surfaces 24 and 26 of the first indentation 52 so that they converge from a first longitudinal side 56 of the nozzle opening 14 toward a first end 58 of the major axis 38 of the nozzle opening 14, and positioning the first and second side surfaces 24 and 26 of the second indentation 54 so that they converge from a second longitudinal side 60 of the nozzle opening 14 toward a second end 62 of the major axis 38.
- Numerous other shaped entrainment paths may be created by varying the position and number of indentations relative to the nozzles internally contoured surface and the nozzle opening major and minor axes.
- each concave surface 22 of each first and second indentation 67 and 69 through an upper portion of a side wall 70 of the nozzle body 12 facilitates entrainment of fluid (not shown) in each first and second indentation 67 and 69 when the nozzle face 18 extends above the surface of the housing or drill bit.
- a primary entrainment path that becomes normal to the nozzle face 18 at 50 is formed by positioning each first and second side surface 22 and 24 of the first indentation 67 so that they converge toward a first end 46 of the minor axis 40 of the nozzle opening 14, and positioning the first and second side surfaces 24 and 26 of the second indentation 69 so that they converge toward a second end 48 of the minor axis 40.
- the imaginary extension 30 of at least a portion of each contoured surface 22 for each first and second indentation 67 and 69 defines a primary entrainment path that becomes normal to the nozzle face 18 at 50 where the entrainment path intersects the imaginary projection 34 of the nozzle opening 14.
- the ejecting fluid (not shown) exiting the nozzle opening 14 initially exits the nozzle opening 14 normal to the nozzle face 18, however, will dissipate, expanding outwardly, downstream of the nozzle 10. Therefore, any fluid caught in the entrainment path 30 will react with the ejected fluid as the integrated fluid dissipates downstream of the nozzle 10.
- the another leading edge 76 formed by the convergence of each third and fourth side surface 72 and 74 of each contoured surface 22, may be positioned substantially below the nozzle face 18 and closer to a distal end 80 of the nozzle body 12 opposite the nozzle face 18 when the nozzle 10 extends substantially beyond a housing or drill bit face (not shown).
- the nozzle 10 includes a nozzle body 12 having a plurality of nozzle openings 90 and indentations 92 formed in the nozzle face 18.
- Each nozzle opening 90 is positioned between two indentations 92, such that the imaginary extension 30 of at least a portion of each contoured surface 22 of each indentation 92 defines an entrainment path for each adjacent nozzle opening 90.
- Each nozzle opening 90 is preferably equidistantly spaced apart in alternating relationship with each indentation 92.
- the nozzle openings 90 and indentations 92 are concentrically disposed from a center 94 of the nozzle face 18.
- the nozzle openings 90 and indentations 92 may be non-concentrically disposed from center 94 of the nozzle face 18; for example with openings 90 lying on an elliptical path.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 demonstrate another embodiment of the nozzle 10 wherein a nozzle opening 14 is disposed through the nozzle body 12 having three major axes 38 and three minor axes 40.
- a plurality of equidistantly spaced indentations 100 are positioned in the nozzle face 18 and include a contoured surface 22 that is substantially concave and has first and second side surfaces 24 and 26 that converge closer to a minor axis 40 of the nozzle opening 14 than the major axis 38 of the nozzle opening 14.
- a primary entrainment path is defined by the imaginary extension 30 of at least a portion of each contoured surface 22 of each indentation 100 that becomes normal to the nozzle face 18 at 50 where the entrainment path 30 intersects the imaginary projection 34 of the nozzle opening 14.
- FIGS. 10 and 11 depict another embodiment of the nozzle 10 similar to the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 8 and 9.
- Nozzle opening 14 is disposed through the nozzle body 12 having three major axes 38 and three minor axes 40.
- a plurality of equidistantly spaced indentations 100 are positioned in the nozzle face 18 and include a contoured surface 22 that is substantially concave and has first and second side surfaces 24 and 26 that converge closer to the minor axis 40 of the nozzle opening 14 than the major axis 38 of the nozzle opening 14.
- a primary entrainment path is defined by the imaginary extension 30 of at least a portion of each contoured surface 22 of each indentation 100 that becomes normal to the nozzle face 18 at 50 where the entrainment path 30 intersects the imaginary projection 34 of the nozzle opening 14.
- the contoured surface 22 of each indentation 100 extends through an upper portion of a sidewall 70 of the nozzle body 12 and includes third and fourth side surfaces 72 and 74 that converge away from the nozzle face 18 to form another leading edge 76 below the nozzle face 18.
- a plurality of equidistantly spaced indentations 102 are positioned in the nozzle face 18 and include a contoured surface 22 that is substantially concave and has first and second side surfaces 24 and 26 that converge closer to a major axis 38 of the nozzle opening 14 than the minor axis 40 of a nozzle opening 14. Consequently, a secondary entrainment path is defined by the imaginary extension 31 of at least a portion of each contoured surface 22 of each indentation 102 that becomes normal to the nozzle face 18 at 51 where the entrainment path 31 intersects an imaginary projection 34 of the nozzle opening 14.
- each indentation 102 extends through an upper portion of a sidewall 70 of the nozzle body 12 and includes third and fourth side surfaces 72 and 74 that converge away from the nozzle face 18 to form another leading edge 76 below the nozzle face 18.
- a nozzle 10 is first formed having the characteristics of the nozzle 10 depicted in FIG. 4 and is then secured within a drill bit 110 adjacent a cutter 112 as shown in FIG. 14.
- a distal end 80 of the nozzle body 12 opposite the nozzle face 18 is releasably connected to a source of pressurized fluid 82.
- the nozzle 10 and drill bit 110 are positioned in a borehole 114 to begin drilling operations.
- the pressurized (drilling) fluid 82 is ejected through the nozzle opening 14.
- the fluid 116 near the nozzle face 18 in each first and second indentation 42 and 44 is entrained into the path of pressurized fluid 82 being ejected through the nozzle opening 14.
- the fluid 116 surrounding the nozzle face 18 in each first and second indentation 42 and 44 is entrained into the ejected fluid 82 for increasing the rate of drill bit penetration and improving bottom hole cleaning by increasing turbulence and differential values for pressure and velocity.
- the pressurized fluid 82 and the fluid 116 surrounding the nozzle face 18 have similar properties, however, may comprise different fluids either in static or dynamic states.
- the fluid 116 surrounding the nozzle face 18 in each first and second indentation 42 and 44 is integrated or mixed with the ejecting fluid 82 downstream of the nozzle 10, various other applications of the nozzle 10 may be useful where the integration or mixing of two fluids having different compositions or properties, such as air and gas, is desired.
Abstract
Description
Claims (28)
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US08/906,868 US5992763A (en) | 1997-08-06 | 1997-08-06 | Nozzle and method for enhancing fluid entrainment |
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US08/906,868 US5992763A (en) | 1997-08-06 | 1997-08-06 | Nozzle and method for enhancing fluid entrainment |
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