US5554426A - Multilayer plastic pipe - Google Patents
Multilayer plastic pipe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5554426A US5554426A US08/409,723 US40972395A US5554426A US 5554426 A US5554426 A US 5554426A US 40972395 A US40972395 A US 40972395A US 5554426 A US5554426 A US 5554426A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- weight
- plastic pipe
- multilayer plastic
- liquid substance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000299 Nylon 12 Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 11
- 101150108015 STR6 gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 29
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 27
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 56
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 10
- -1 polypentenylene Polymers 0.000 description 10
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 8
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 8
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 7
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- IPRJXAGUEGOFGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butylbenzenesulfonamide Natural products CCCCNS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IPRJXAGUEGOFGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006887 Ullmann reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101000623895 Bos taurus Mucin-15 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003655 Vestamid® L Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004018 acid anhydride group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 2
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenolphthalein Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)O1 KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003504 2-oxazolinyl group Chemical group O1C(=NCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- DZIHTWJGPDVSGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-aminocyclohexyl)methyl]cyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound C1CC(N)CCC1CC1CCC(N)CC1 DZIHTWJGPDVSGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003313 Bynel® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YAAQEISEHDUIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=CC#N.OC(=O)C=CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C=CC#N.OC(=O)C=CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 YAAQEISEHDUIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000181 Ethylene propylene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000571 Nylon 11 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000572 Nylon 6/12 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101100386054 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) CYS3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002877 acrylic styrene acrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001893 acrylonitrile styrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003849 aromatic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000071 blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005676 ethylene-propylene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006017 homo-polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- WCYWZMWISLQXQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl Chemical compound [CH3] WCYWZMWISLQXQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZRHRDRVRGEVNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N milrinone Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(C#N)=CC(C=2C=CN=CC=2)=C1C PZRHRDRVRGEVNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003574 milrinone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZETYUTMSJWMKNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n',n'-trimethylhexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound CNCCCCCCN(C)C ZETYUTMSJWMKNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003348 petrochemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001603 poly (alkyl acrylates) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001485 poly(butyl acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001955 polyphenylene ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005629 polypropylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enenitrile;styrene Chemical compound C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150035983 str1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920001935 styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a general shape other than plane
- B32B1/08—Tubular products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/308—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising acrylic (co)polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/34—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
- F16L9/12—Rigid pipes of plastics with or without reinforcement
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
- B32B2307/202—Conductive
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/718—Weight, e.g. weight per square meter
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2309/00—Parameters for the laminating or treatment process; Apparatus details
- B32B2309/08—Dimensions, e.g. volume
- B32B2309/10—Dimensions, e.g. volume linear, e.g. length, distance, width
- B32B2309/105—Thickness
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S138/00—Pipes and tubular conduits
- Y10S138/07—Resins
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
- Y10T428/1379—Contains vapor or gas barrier, polymer derived from vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride, or polymer containing a vinyl alcohol unit
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
- Y10T428/139—Open-ended, self-supporting conduit, cylinder, or tube-type article
- Y10T428/1393—Multilayer [continuous layer]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/3154—Of fluorinated addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31725—Of polyamide
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31725—Of polyamide
- Y10T428/31728—Next to second layer of polyamide
- Y10T428/31732—At least one layer is nylon type
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31725—Of polyamide
- Y10T428/31736—Next to polyester
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31725—Of polyamide
- Y10T428/31739—Nylon type
- Y10T428/31743—Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomer[s]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31725—Of polyamide
- Y10T428/3175—Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomer[s]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31786—Of polyester [e.g., alkyd, etc.]
Definitions
- the invention relates to a multilayer plastic pipe.
- Plastic pipes of polyamide are known and are used for a variety of applications. To perform their function, the pipes have to be, inter alia, inert to the medium flowing in them and also resistant to high and low temperatures and mechanical stresses.
- Single-layer pipes are not always able to fulfill the necessary requirements.
- single layer pipes display considerable disadvantages, such as inadequate barrier action towards the medium, undesired dimensional changes or insufficient mechanical stressability. Reducing permeation is particularly important because the permissible emission values are being reduced ever further by legal requirements.
- FR-P 2 602 515 describes a two-layer pipe having an outer layer of polyamide 11 and an inner layer of plasticized polyvinylidene fluoride. Investigations have shown that the barrier action towards the medium flowing through is unsatisfactory. In particular, the permeation of methanol-containing fuels could not be reduced sufficiently.
- one object of the present invention is a polyamide pipe having a good barrier action towards the medium being transported, in particular towards methanol-containing fuels.
- Another object of the present invention is a polyamide pipe having satisfactory dimensional stability at high and low temperatures, and satisfactory mechanical stressability.
- Still another object of the present invention is a polyamide multilayer pipe having layers that adhere to one another without the use of a layer of coupling agent, especially under prolonged action by the medium being transported.
- component I a layer based on a molding composition of polyamide (component I).
- a layer adjacent to layer I based on a molding composition (component II) containing a mixture of
- the components a and b of layer II are preferably used in a weight ratio a:b of from 97.5:2.5 to 80:20 and particularly preferably from 96:4 to 90:10.
- Suitable components for layer I are, first and foremost, aliphatic homopolyamides and copolyamides. Examples which may be mentioned are 4.6, 6.6, 6.12, 8.10 and 10.10 polyamides or the like. Preference is given to 6, 10.12, 11, 12 and 12.12 polyamides (The numbering of the polyamides corresponds to the international standard, with the first digit(s) indicating the number of carbon atoms of the starting diamine and the last digit(s) indicating the number of carbon atoms of the dicarboxylic acid.
- copolyamides can contain, for example, adipic acid, sebacic acid, suberic acid, isophthalic acid or terephthalic acid as co-acid, or bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)methane, trimethylhexamethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine or the like as co-diamine.
- the preparation of these polyamides are known (e.g.: D. B. Jacobs, J. Zimmermann, Polymerization Processes, p. 424-467; Interscience Publishers, New York (1977); DE-B 21 52 194).
- polyamides Likewise suitable as polyamides are mixed aliphatic/aromatic polycondensates such as those described in, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,071,250, 2,071,251, 2,130,523, 2,130,948, 2,241,322, 2,312,966, 2,512,606, 3,393,210, or in Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd edition, vol. 18, Wiley & Sons (1982), pp. 328 and 435. Further polycondensates which are suitable as polyamides are poly(ether esteramides) or poly(etheramides). These products are described in, for example, DE-A 27 12 987, 25 23 991 and 30 06 961.
- Both polyamides having predominantly amino terminal groups and those having predominantly carboxylic acid terminal groups can be used. Preference is given to polyamides having predominantly amino terminal groups.
- the molecular weight (number average) of the polyamides is above 4,000, preferably above 10,000.
- the relative viscosity is here preferably in the range from 1.65 to 2.4 (DIN 53 727/ISO 307).
- the polyamides can contain up to 40% by weight of other thermoplastics, if these do not interfere with the properties of the invention.
- polycarbonate H. Schnell, Chemistry and Physics of Polycarbonates, Interscience Publishers, New York (1981)
- acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene copolymers Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie, vol. 14/1, Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, pp. 393-406; Ullmanns Encyclopadie der ischen Chemie, 4th edition, vol. 19, Verlag Chemie Weinheim (1981), pp.
- the polyamides can be toughened.
- Suitable modifiers are, for example, ethylene-propylene or ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers (EP-A-0 295 076), polypentenylene, polyoctenylene or random or block copolymers of alkenylaromatic compounds and aliphatic olefins or dienes (EP-A-0 261 748).
- the impact-toughening rubbers can be core/shell rubbers having a viscoelastic core of (meth)acrylate, butadiene or styrenebutadiene rubber with glass transition temperatures T g ⁇ -10° C. The core may be crosslinked.
- the shell can be built up of styrene and/or methyl methacrylate and/or further unsaturated monomers (DE-A 21 44 528, 37 28 685).
- the proportion of impact-toughening components should be selected so that the desired properties are not impaired.
- Component a of layer II contains polyvinylidene fluoride, which is preferably used in unplasticized form. Preparation and structure of the polymer is known (Hans R. Kricheldorf, Handbook of Polymer Synthesis, Part A, Verlag Marcel Dekker Inc. New York--Basel--Hongkong, pp. 191 ff.; Kunststoff-Handbuch, 1st edition, vol. XI, Carl Hanser Verlag Kunststoff (1971), pp. 403 ff.).
- the polyvinylidene fluoride present can also be a copolymer based on vinylidene fluoride, which contains up to 40% by weight of other monomers.
- examples of other monomers are trifluoroethylene, ethylene, propene and hexafluoropropene.
- the polyvinylidene fluoride used according to the invention generally has a melt flow index of ⁇ 17 g/10 min, preferably from 2 to 13 g/10 min (DIN 53 735).
- the component b of layer II is an acrylate copolymer containing at least the following basic building blocks:
- Alkyl is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl
- R 1 to R 5 are all methyl radical, Alkyl is methyl and m is 1.
- the acrylate copolymers are prepared in a known manner by polymerization of the corresponding monomers.
- the acrylate copolymers used according to the invention generally have a melt flow index of ⁇ 30 g/10 min, preferably from 0.2 to 15 g/10 min.
- the basic building block (ii) is present in an amount of from 10 to 75% by weight, particularly preferably from 20 to 40% by weight.
- Such polymers are also described as polyglutarimides. These are poly(alkyl acrylates), in which two adjacent carboxylate groups have been reacted to form a cyclic acid imide.
- the imide formation is preferably carried out using ammonia or primary amines, such as, methylamine.
- part of the basic building blocks (i) is saponified to give the basic building blocks (iii) and (iiii).
- the products and their preparation are known (Hans R. Kricheldorf, Handbook of Polymer Synthesis, Part A, Verlag Marcel Dekker Inc.
- the acrylate copolymers can additionally contain appropriate modifiers.
- core/shell polymers having a polybutyl acrylate core and a shell of polymethyl methacrylate and/or polyglutarimide.
- further modifiers are possible.
- auxiliaries and additives which may be added to the molding compositions for the layers I and II are for example, flame retardants, stabilizers, plasticizers, processing aids, viscosity improvers, fillers, additives for improving the electrical conductivity, pigments or the like.
- the amount added of the specified agents is to be selected so that the desired properties are not seriously affected.
- the preparation of the molding composition for layer II is carried out according to conventional and known processes of melt mixing of the components a and b of layer II in a mixer providing good compounding, in for example, a twin-screw compounder, at temperatures which depend on the melting points of the components a and b, generally at temperatures between 200° and 300° C.
- composition for layer II from the components a and b can also be carried out directly in the processing extruder in which the composition is processed for the production of the thermoplastic multilayer composite with the layer I.
- component b in the molding composition for layer II, the larger the barrier action towards the medium being transported.
- the barrier action towards methanol-containing fuels of mixtures comprising 95% by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride polymers (component a) and 5% by weight of an acrylate copolymer of the invention (component b) is only inconsequentially smaller than the barrier action of pure polyvinylidene fluoride.
- the multilayer pipes can further contain more layers of polyvinylidene fluoride polymers which are adjacent to layer II, but not to layer I.
- the multilayer pipes can contain more layers of polyamide which are adjacent to layer I or layer II.
- the pipes can contain additional layers with the composition of layer I and/or II which have been made electrically conductive and have a surface resistance of less than 10 9 ⁇ . These layers which have been made electrically conductive are preferably on the inside.
- a further embodiment has layer II itself electrically conductive.
- the layers are made electrically conductive by known methods. For example, an addition is made of up to about 15% by weight of, conductivity black, carbon fibers, metal powders, or the like.
- the multilayer pipes of the invention can also contain, in addition to the layers I and II,
- polyolefins are polyethylene and polypropylene. In principle, any commercial type can be used. Examples are linear polyethylene of high, medium or low density; LDPE; ethylene copolymers containing relatively small amounts (up to a maximum of about 40% by weight) of comonomers such as n-butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, maleic anhydride, styrene, vinyl alcohol or the like; isotactic or atactic homopolypropylene; random copolymers of propene with ethene and/or 1-butene; ethylene-propylene block copolymers; and other similar polymers. Such polyolefins can also contain an impact-toughening component such as EPM or EPDM rubber, or SEBS.
- EPM impact-toughening component
- EPDM rubber SEBS
- Suitable coupling agents for bonds between polyolefins and polyamide are known. They are based on polyolefin which is modified by suitable reactive groups.
- the reactive groups can be introduced either by copolymerization together with the olefin, or by means of a grafting reaction. In the grafting reaction, a preformed polyolefin is reacted in a known manner with an unsaturated functional monomer and, advantageously, a free-radical donor at elevated temperature.
- Suitable reactive groups are, for example, acid anhydride groups, carboxylic acid groups, epoxide groups, oxazoline groups or trialkoxysilane groups. Of these, preference is given to acid anhydride groups. Coupling agents containing more than 0.1% by weight of anhydride groups are particularly suitable.
- Suitable coupling agents are available, inter alia, under the trade names BYNEL (DuPont), PRIMACOR (Dow), POLYBOND (BP), OREVAC (Elf), HERCOPRIME (Hercules), EPOLENE (Eastman), HOSTAMONT (Hoechst), EXXELOR (Exxon) and ADMER (Mitsui Petrochemical).
- the coupling agents are selected according to the criteria which are known to those skilled in the art with the aid of the corresponding product descriptions. In the multilayer pipes of the present invention, all adjacent layers adhere to one another.
- Table 1 shows some examples of layer arrangements in multilayer plastic pipes of the present invention.
- the layers are arranged and the thicknesses of the layers are selected so that layers with a composition of layer II lie as close as possible to the middle of the multilayer pipe wall. This measure improves the low-temperature impact toughness of the multilayer pipes.
- the thicknesses of layers with a composition of layer II are selected so that it makes up from 2 to 40% of the total wall thickness and, in particular, from 5 to 30% of the total wall thickness of the multilayered pipe.
- the manufacture of the multilayer plastic pipes can be carried out, for example, by coextrusion.
- the multilayer plastic pipes of the present invention have exceptionally good resistance and barrier action against diffusion towards chemical agents, solvents and fuels.
- the layers adhere to one another so that, for example, on thermal expansion, bending or thermoforming of the multilayer pipe, no separation of the various layers from one another occurs. This good adhesion between the layers is maintained even on prolonged contact with fuels, even methanol-containing fuels.
- the plastic pipes of the invention are preferably used for the transport of petrochemicals or for brake fluid, cooling hydraulic fluids or fuel, including methanol or ethanol containing fuel. They may be shaped as a straight, corrugated or convoluted tubing.
- a further application of the multilayer pipes is the manufacture of hollow bodies such as tanks or filling ports, in particular for the motor vehicles. The manufacture of these hollow bodies can be carried out, for example, by coextrusion followed by blow molding.
- melt flow index of the acrylate copolymers was carried out at 230° C. and under a load of 3.8 kg (DIN 53 735).
- the determination of the melt flow index of the polyvinylidene fluorides was carried out at 230° C. and under a load of 5 kg (DIN 53 735).
- the testing of the mechanical separability at the interface was carried out using a metal wedge (cutting angle: 5 degrees; loading weight: 2.5 kg) which was used to try to separate the material interface layer to be tested. If separation occured at the interface between the components, the adhesion was poor. If, on the other hand, separation occurs completely or partially within one of the two components, good adhesion was present.
- the determination of the diffusion of fuel constituents was carried out on pipes using a fuel mixture (fuel M 15: 42.5 parts by volume of isooctane, 42.5 parts by volume of toluene and 15 parts by volume of methanol) at 60° C.
- the test specimens having a length of 500 mm, had the fuel mixture running through the inside.
- the determination of the fuel diffusion was carried out by the activated carbon adsorption method.
- the diffusion was measured as loss in mass over time (measurement every 24 hours).
- the measure given was the loss in mass recorded per unit area which was measured when the diffusion process was at equilibrium, i.e. when the loss in mass determined per 24 hours no longer changed with time.
- PA 1 Polyamide 12 ( ⁇ rel : 2.1; plasticizer content: 0; amino terminal group content: 9 mmol/kg; carboxyl terminal group content: 48 mmol/kg; VESTAMID® L 2140--HULS AG)
- PA 2 Polyamide 12 ( ⁇ rel : 2.1; plasticizer content per 100 parts by weight of polyamide: 15 parts by weight of N-n-butylbenzenesulphonamide; amino terminal group content: 9 mmol/kg; carboxyl terminal group content: 48 mmol/kg; VESTAMID® L 2124--HULS AG)
- PA 3 Polyamide 12 ( ⁇ rel : 2.1; plasticizer content per 100 parts by weight of polyamide: 15 parts by weight of N-n-butylbenzenesulphonamide; amino terminal group content: 50 mmol/kg; carboxyl terminal group content: 8 mmol/kg)
- PA 4 Polyamide 612( ⁇ rel : 1.9; plasticizer content: 0; amino terminal group content: 93 mmol/kg; carboxyl terminal group content: 29 mmol/kg)
- PA 5 Molding composition consisting of
- PVDF 1 Polyvinylidene fluoride (melt flow index: 13 g/10 min, DYFLOR® LE--HULS AG).
- PVDF 2 Polyvinylidene fluoride (melt flow index: 8.5 g/10 min, DYFLOR® EE--HULS AG)
- PVDF 3 Polyvinylidene fluoride consisting of
- the polymers used for the component b of layer II are built up of the building blocks denoted above by (i) to (iiii), with Alkyl and R 1 to R 5 being methyl in each case and m being 1.
- the preparation of the mixtures was carried out in a twin-screw compounder at a composition temperature of 260° C.
- the pipes were produced on a laboratory extrusion facility using a five-layer die (in the production of the two-, three- and four-layer pipes, the channels not required remain closed) (See Tables 3 and 4).
- the barrel temperatures were 230° C. (PA 1, PA 2, PA 3); 250° C. (PVDF 1, PVDF 2, PVDF 3, Z 1 to Z 7) and 280° C. (PA 4, PA 5).
- the tubes produced had an external diameter of 8 mm and a total wall thickness of 1 mm.
- Experiments 1-12 which correspond to the present invention, exhibit low diffusion of fuels (75 g/dm 2 or less, at 60° C.), and good adhesion (no separability at the interfaces).
- Table 3 with the results of Experiments A-G, Comparative Examples, exhibit high diffusion of fuels (600 or 412 g/dm 2 at 60° C.), or poor adhesion (separability at the interfaces).
- the Experiments which correspond to the present invention are superior to the Comparative Examples.
Abstract
Description
TABLE 1 ______________________________________ Layer arrangement of multilayer plastic pipes of the invention (buildup from outside to inside) Layer arrangement No. Configuration ______________________________________ 1 Layer I Layer II 2 Layer I Layer II (conductive) 3 Layer I Layer II Layer I 4 Layer I Layer II Layer I (conductive) 5 Layer I Layer II Layer I Layer II Layer I 6 Layer I Layer II Layer I Layer II (conductive) 7 Layer I Layer II Layer I Layer II Layer I (conductive 8 Layer I Layer II Layer of polyvinylidene fluoride copolymers 9 Layer I Layer II Layer of polyvinylidene fluoride copolymers (conductive) 10 Layer I Layer I (other type of polyamide) Layer II 11 Layer II Layer I 12 Layer of polyolefin Layer of coupling agent Layer I Layer II ______________________________________
TABLE 2 ______________________________________ P1 P2 P3 P4 ______________________________________ % by weight of i) 100 14 11 57 % by weight of ii) 0 86 80 30 % by weight of iii) 0 0 6 3 % by weight of iiii) 0 0 3 10 Melt flow index 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.4 [g/10 min] ______________________________________ Z1: Mixture consisting of (a) 50% by weight of PVDF 1; and (b) 50% by weight of P1 Z2: Mixture consisting of (a) 50% by weight of PVDF 1; and (b) 50% by weight of P2 Z3: Mixture consisting of (a) 50% by weight of PVDF 1; and (b) 50% by weight of P3 Z4: Mixture consisting of (a) 50% by weight of PVDF 1; and (b) 50% by weight of P4 Z5: Mixture consisting of (a) 90% by weight of PVDF 1; and (b) 10% by weight of P4 Z6: Mixture consisting of (a) 95% by weight of PVDF 2; and (b) 5% by weight of P4 Z7: Mixture consisting of (a) 90% by weight of PVDF 3; and (b) 10% by weight of P4 ______________________________________
TABLE 3 __________________________________________________________________________ Comparative Examples Mechanically separable at the Composition of interfaces layers from Diffusion [g/(d after storage after storage Experiment outside to inside m.sup.2)] at 60° C. at 23° in fuel(*) __________________________________________________________________________ A PA 1 (1.0 mm) 600 (***) (***) (single-layer pipe) B PA 2 (1.0 mm) 410 (***) (***) (single-layer pipe) C PA 1 (0.9 mm) 30 yes yes PVDF 1 (0.1 mm) D PA 3 (0.9 mm) (**) yes yes Z 1 (0.1 mm) E PA 2 (0.8 mm) 30 yes yes Z 1 (0.1 mm) (PA 2 from Z 1) (PA 2 from Z 1) PVDF 1 (0.1 mm) F PA 3 (0.9 mm) (**) yes yes Z 2 (0.1 mm) G PA 4 (0.9 mm) (**) yes yes Z 3 (0.1 mm) __________________________________________________________________________ (*) Storage at 23° C. for 20 days in standard fuel M 15 (42.5% by volume of isooctane, 42.5% by volume of toluene and 15% by volume of methanol) (**) Diffusion was not determined. (***) Singlelayer pipe; there is no interface.
TABLE 4 __________________________________________________________________________ Experiments according to the invention Mechanically separable at the Composition of interfaces layers from Diffusion [g/(d after storage after storage Experiment outside to inside m.sup.2)] at 60° C. at 23° in fuel(*) __________________________________________________________________________ 1 PA 1 (0.8 mm) 40 no no Z 5 (0.2 mm) 2 PA 1 (0.9 mm) 60 no no Z 6 (0.1 mm) 3 PA 2 (0.8 mm) <30 no no Z 6 (0.1 mm) PVDF 1 (0.1 mm) 4 PA 2 (0.8 mm) 50 no no Z 6 (0.1 mm) PVDF 3 (0.05 mm) 5 PA 3 (0.9 mm) 75 no no Z 7 (0.1 mm) 6 PA 4 (0.8 mm) <35 no no Z 4 (0.1 mm) PVDF 2 (0.1 mm) 7 PA 2 (0.45 mm) 60 no no Z 6 (0.1 mm) PA 2 (0.45 mm) 8 PA 2 (0.45 mm) <60 no no Z 6 (0.1 mm) PA 3 (0.4 mm) Z 7 (0.05 mm) 9 PA 1 (0.8 mm) 70 no no Z 5 (0.1 mm) PA 5 (0.1 mm) 10 PA 2 (0.3 mm) <60 no no Z 6 (0.05 mm) PA 2 (0.3 mm) Z 6 (0.05 mm) PA 2 (0.3 mm) 11 PA 1 (0.5 mm) 65 no no Z 5 (0.05 mm) PA 1 (0.3 mm) Z 5 (0.05 mm) PA 5 (0.1 mm) 12 Z 6 (0.2 mm) 60 no no PA 3 (0.8 mm) __________________________________________________________________________ (*) Storage at 23° C. for 20 days in standard fuel M 15 (42.5% by volume of isooctane, 42.5% by volume of toluene and 15% by volume of methanol).
Claims (22)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE4410148.1 | 1994-03-24 | ||
DE4410148A DE4410148A1 (en) | 1994-03-24 | 1994-03-24 | Multi-layer plastic tube |
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US5554426A true US5554426A (en) | 1996-09-10 |
Family
ID=6513688
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US08/409,723 Expired - Lifetime US5554426A (en) | 1994-03-24 | 1995-03-24 | Multilayer plastic pipe |
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US (1) | US5554426A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0673762B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3970345B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9501173A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2145254A1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE4410148A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2219650T3 (en) |
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US5779954A (en) * | 1995-03-14 | 1998-07-14 | Solvay (Societe Anonyme) | Process for manufacturing a hollow body |
US5858492A (en) * | 1995-03-01 | 1999-01-12 | Huels Aktiengesellschaft | Thermoplastic multilayer composites |
US6040025A (en) * | 1994-04-28 | 2000-03-21 | Elf Atochem S.A. | Adhesion binder containing glutarimide moieties |
US6068026A (en) * | 1997-02-05 | 2000-05-30 | Hutchinson | Thermoplastic-elastomer composite product, such as a pipe for conveying coolant in an air conditioning circuit, for example |
US6090459A (en) * | 1995-03-01 | 2000-07-18 | Huels Aktiengesellschaft | Multilayer plastic composition having an electrically conductive inner layer |
US6143415A (en) * | 1993-10-25 | 2000-11-07 | Elf Atochem S.A. | Adhesive bonding agent for PVDF, its application as barrier material and material obtained from the latter |
WO2001038076A1 (en) * | 1999-11-25 | 2001-05-31 | Lithium Power Technologies, Inc. | Low cost polyvinylidene fluoride copolymers and methods of manufacture thereof |
EP1177221A1 (en) * | 2000-02-15 | 2002-02-06 | Atofina Chemicals, Inc. | Fluoropolymer resins containing ionic or ionizable groups and products containing the same |
AU745853B2 (en) * | 1997-12-10 | 2002-04-11 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Flexible pipeline having a dual-layer sheath of polymer |
WO2002062567A2 (en) * | 2001-02-06 | 2002-08-15 | Atofina | Multilayer structure having a fluorinated polymer layer |
US6467508B1 (en) | 2001-10-12 | 2002-10-22 | Atofina Chemicals, Inc. | Low precipitate polyamide based tubing |
EP1270209A1 (en) * | 2000-02-18 | 2003-01-02 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Layered resin molding and multilayered molded article |
US20030012909A1 (en) * | 2000-03-10 | 2003-01-16 | Stephane Jung | Double-layer pipe |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0673762A2 (en) | 1995-09-27 |
JP3970345B2 (en) | 2007-09-05 |
BR9501173A (en) | 1995-10-24 |
JPH07266474A (en) | 1995-10-17 |
ES2219650T3 (en) | 2004-12-01 |
EP0673762B1 (en) | 2004-06-02 |
EP0673762A3 (en) | 1998-04-22 |
CA2145254A1 (en) | 1995-09-25 |
DE4410148A1 (en) | 1995-09-28 |
DE59510907D1 (en) | 2004-07-08 |
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