US5510693A - Method for battery charging - Google Patents

Method for battery charging Download PDF

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Publication number
US5510693A
US5510693A US08/292,553 US29255394A US5510693A US 5510693 A US5510693 A US 5510693A US 29255394 A US29255394 A US 29255394A US 5510693 A US5510693 A US 5510693A
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Prior art keywords
battery
charging
charge rate
charge
rate
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US08/292,553
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David J. Theobald
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Motorola Mobility LLC
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Motorola Inc
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Assigned to Motorola Mobility, Inc reassignment Motorola Mobility, Inc ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MOTOROLA, INC
Assigned to MOTOROLA MOBILITY LLC reassignment MOTOROLA MOBILITY LLC CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MOTOROLA MOBILITY, INC.
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/0071—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with a programmable schedule
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
    • H02J7/007184—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage in response to battery voltage gradient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
    • H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
    • H02J7/007194—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the field of battery charging.
  • NiMH nickel metal hydride
  • a typical charger charges at a high current rate until the battery is almost charged then reduces the charge rate to a low maintenance charge. This is typically done by monitoring the battery's temperature and reducing the charge rate as the battery temperature increases. When the battery temperature reaches a certain level, the charger changes to the lower, maintenance charge.
  • the method of the present invention encompasses a process for charging a battery.
  • the battery charger has a plurality of predetermined charge rates.
  • the process monitors the battery voltage signal. If a slope of the battery voltage signal is greater than a predetermined value, the charging rate is switched from a first predetermined charge rate to a second predetermined charge rate.
  • the second predetermined charge rate has a higher rate of charge than the first predetermined charge rate.
  • the FIGURE shows a flowchart of the battery charging process of the present invention.
  • the process of the present invention enables a battery powered device to be used when connected to a charger while still charging the battery at a low, maintenance rate. This process is illustrated in the figure.
  • the battery charger of the present invention has three charge rates.
  • the fast charge rate is subsequently referred to as C.
  • C the fast charge rate
  • Alternate embodiments will have different values for C depending on the capacity of the battery being charged.
  • the battery charger monitors the battery temperature as the battery is being charged at the C rate (101).
  • the charging process changes to a trickle charge mode (103) to finish charging the battery.
  • this trickle charge rate is C/8.
  • Alternate embodiments can have different trickle charge rates depending on how fast the battery can be trickle charged without damaging or reducing the life of the battery.
  • the trickle charge is continued for a predetermined time (104). In the preferred embodiment, this time is 4 hours.
  • the charging process changes to a maintenance charge mode (105) to keep the battery charged.
  • NiMH batteries typically lose their charge over an extended time, even without use.
  • the maintenance charge mode keeps the battery charged during this period so that a battery user will return to a fully charged battery no matter how long they are away.
  • This maintenance charge rate in the preferred embodiment is C/40.
  • the process of the present invention monitors the battery voltage while the battery is being maintenance charged. If the slope of the voltage signal is greater than a predetermined value, indicating the battery is being discharged, the process changes the charge rate back to the trickle charge (103). In the preferred embodiment, the predetermined window is a 0.1 V drop in one hour. This charge rate is maintained for the 4 hours (104). This loop is repeated until the battery is removed from the charger.
  • a radiotelephone is connected to the battery while charging.
  • the radiotelephone draws 50 mA while operating in the standby mode.
  • the trickle charge mode the trickle charge of C/8 minus the radio standby current yields a C/40 charge rate to the battery. This enables the charger to keep the battery charged while the radio is in use and the user will return to a fully charged battery.
  • Alternate embodiments of the process of the present invention can have different charge rates depending on the current required by the battery powered device. If the device draws more current than 50 mA, the trickle charge is increased to compensate, thus keeping the battery charged while the device is operating.

Abstract

The battery charging process of the present invention uses three charging rates. The initial charge rate of C charges the battery (101) until the battery's temperature reaches a certain level (102). The charger then changes to a trickle charge rate of C/8 to finish charging the battery (103). Next, the charger reduces the charging rate to C/40 to maintain the battery's charge (105). The process then monitors the battery's voltage. If the voltage signal has a slope that indicates the battery is being used by an attached device (106), the charging rate is increased to the trickle charge rate to simultaneously power the device and charge the battery.

Description

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/909,883, filed Jul. 7, 1992 and now abandoned.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to the field of battery charging.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The increasing use of portable communication devices with newer rechargable batteries has created a need for improved battery chargers. Examples of such communication devices are radiotelephones, radios, and modems. These newer nickel metal hydride (NiMH) batteries require very low, long-term overcharge rates to reduce the likelihood of overcharge damage to the battery. A typical charger charges at a high current rate until the battery is almost charged then reduces the charge rate to a low maintenance charge. This is typically done by monitoring the battery's temperature and reducing the charge rate as the battery temperature increases. When the battery temperature reaches a certain level, the charger changes to the lower, maintenance charge.
In order to eliminate the time that a communication device cannot be used due to charging, newer chargers allow the communication device to be connected to the charger to power the device while it is being used for communicating. This creates a problem if the battery is almost charged and the charger is in the maintenance charge mode. The communication device can require so much current that the charger in the maintenance mode cannot supply all the device's needs and the battery must be used to supply the rest. An example would be a radiotelephone in standby mode using 50 mA while the charger supplies only 25 mA. The radiotelephone user thinks the phone is charging when the battery is actually being drained. There is a resulting need for a process to charge a battery, without damaging the battery, while the device attached to the battery is being used.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The method of the present invention encompasses a process for charging a battery. The battery charger has a plurality of predetermined charge rates. The process monitors the battery voltage signal. If a slope of the battery voltage signal is greater than a predetermined value, the charging rate is switched from a first predetermined charge rate to a second predetermined charge rate. The second predetermined charge rate has a higher rate of charge than the first predetermined charge rate.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The FIGURE shows a flowchart of the battery charging process of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The process of the present invention enables a battery powered device to be used when connected to a charger while still charging the battery at a low, maintenance rate. This process is illustrated in the figure.
The battery charger of the present invention has three charge rates. The fast charge rate is subsequently referred to as C. In the preferred embodiment, 500 mAhr batteries are used, thus making C=500 mA. Alternate embodiments will have different values for C depending on the capacity of the battery being charged.
Referring to the figure, the battery charger monitors the battery temperature as the battery is being charged at the C rate (101). When the battery temperature reaches a predetermined point (102), 47° C. in the preferred embodiment, the charging process changes to a trickle charge mode (103) to finish charging the battery. In the preferred embodiment, this trickle charge rate is C/8. Alternate embodiments can have different trickle charge rates depending on how fast the battery can be trickle charged without damaging or reducing the life of the battery. The trickle charge is continued for a predetermined time (104). In the preferred embodiment, this time is 4 hours.
Once the battery is fully charged, the charging process changes to a maintenance charge mode (105) to keep the battery charged. NiMH batteries typically lose their charge over an extended time, even without use. The maintenance charge mode keeps the battery charged during this period so that a battery user will return to a fully charged battery no matter how long they are away. This maintenance charge rate in the preferred embodiment is C/40.
If the battery is powering a device while in the maintenance charge mode (106), it's likely that the C/40 rate is not providing enough current to power the device and also keep the battery charged to capacity. This may result in the user returning to a discharged battery. The process of the present invention monitors the battery voltage while the battery is being maintenance charged. If the slope of the voltage signal is greater than a predetermined value, indicating the battery is being discharged, the process changes the charge rate back to the trickle charge (103). In the preferred embodiment, the predetermined window is a 0.1 V drop in one hour. This charge rate is maintained for the 4 hours (104). This loop is repeated until the battery is removed from the charger.
In the preferred embodiment, a radiotelephone is connected to the battery while charging. The radiotelephone draws 50 mA while operating in the standby mode. In the trickle charge mode, the trickle charge of C/8 minus the radio standby current yields a C/40 charge rate to the battery. This enables the charger to keep the battery charged while the radio is in use and the user will return to a fully charged battery.
Alternate embodiments of the process of the present invention can have different charge rates depending on the current required by the battery powered device. If the device draws more current than 50 mA, the trickle charge is increased to compensate, thus keeping the battery charged while the device is operating.

Claims (2)

I claim:
1. A method for charging a battery in a battery charger having at least three charging rates, the method comprising the steps of:
charging the battery at a charge rate having a value of C until the battery temperature reaches a predetermined temperature;
if the predetermined temperature has been reached, charging the battery at a charge rate having a value of C/8 for a predetermined time;
after the predetermined time, charging the battery at a charge rate having a value of C/40;
monitoring a battery voltage signal of the battery;
determining a slope of the battery voltage signal; and
if the drop in slope of the battery voltage signal is greater than a predetermined value, charging the battery at the charge rate having a value of C/8 for the predetermined time.
2. A method for charging a battery in a battery charger having at least three charging rates, the method comprising the steps of:
charging the battery at a fast charge rate until the battery temperature reaches a predetermined temperature;
if the predetermined temperature has been reached, charging the battery at a trickle charge rate, less than the fast charge rate, for a predetermined time;
after the predetermined time, charging the battery at a maintenance charge rate, less than the trickle charge rate;
monitoring a battery voltage signal of the battery;
determining a slope of the battery voltage signal; and
if the drop in slope of the battery voltage signal is greater than a predetermined value, charging the battery at the trickle charge rate for the predetermined time.
US08/292,553 1992-07-07 1994-08-18 Method for battery charging Expired - Lifetime US5510693A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/292,553 US5510693A (en) 1992-07-07 1994-08-18 Method for battery charging

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US90988392A 1992-07-07 1992-07-07
US08/292,553 US5510693A (en) 1992-07-07 1994-08-18 Method for battery charging

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US90988392A Continuation 1992-07-07 1992-07-07

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US5510693A true US5510693A (en) 1996-04-23

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Cited By (32)

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US5705915A (en) * 1997-03-03 1998-01-06 Motorola, Inc. Method for charging a battery
US6060865A (en) * 1998-06-05 2000-05-09 Yuasa-Delta Technology, Inc. Rapid charging of a battery by applying alternating pulsed large current without a high temperature
US6665801B1 (en) 2000-01-27 2003-12-16 Symbol Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for charging a self powered USB device at different charge rates according to the charge level of a rechargeable element on the device
US20050024001A1 (en) * 2002-02-27 2005-02-03 Donnelly Frank Wegner Method for monitoring and controlling traction motors in locomotives
US20050078834A1 (en) * 2003-10-14 2005-04-14 Credo Technology Corporation Portable battery charging and audio unit
US20050083639A1 (en) * 2001-11-09 2005-04-21 Zick Jonathan A. Electrical component, such as a radio, MP3 player, audio component, battery charger, radio/charger, MP3 player/radio, MP3 player/charger or MP3 player/radio/charger, having a selectively connectable battery charger
US20050083013A1 (en) * 2001-11-09 2005-04-21 Zick Jonathan A. Electrical component, such as a radio, MP3 player, audio component, battery charger, radio/charger, MP3 player/radio, MP3 player/charger or MP3 player/radio/charger, having a selectively connectable battery charger
US20050189886A1 (en) * 2004-02-17 2005-09-01 Railpower Technologies Corp. Predicting wheel slip and skid in a locomotive
US20050225288A1 (en) * 2003-10-14 2005-10-13 Credo Technology Corporation Portable battery charging and audio unit
US20050251299A1 (en) * 2004-03-30 2005-11-10 Railpower Technologies Corp. Emission management for a hybrid locomotive
US20050264260A1 (en) * 2001-11-09 2005-12-01 Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation Electrical component, such as a radio, audio component, battery charger or radio/charger
US20050269995A1 (en) * 2004-05-17 2005-12-08 Railpower Technologies Corp. Design of a Large battery pack for a hybrid locomotive
US20050279242A1 (en) * 2004-03-01 2005-12-22 Railpower Technologies Corp. Cabless hybrid locomotive
US20060061307A1 (en) * 2004-08-09 2006-03-23 Donnelly Frank W Locomotive power train architecture
US20060076171A1 (en) * 2004-08-09 2006-04-13 Donnelly Frank W Regenerative braking methods for a hybrid locomotive
US20060091832A1 (en) * 2004-09-03 2006-05-04 Donnelly Frank W Multiple engine locomotive configuration
US20060146454A1 (en) * 2002-11-05 2006-07-06 Donnelly Frank W Direct turbogenerator
US7124691B2 (en) 2003-08-26 2006-10-24 Railpower Technologies Corp. Method for monitoring and controlling locomotives
US20060266044A1 (en) * 2005-04-25 2006-11-30 Frank Donnelly Alternator boost method
US20070024237A1 (en) * 2003-10-14 2007-02-01 Credo Technology Corporation And Robert Bosch Gmbh Battery charging jobsite lunchbox
US20070144804A1 (en) * 2005-10-19 2007-06-28 Railpower Technologies, Corp. Design of a large low maintenance battery pack for a hybrid locomotive
US20080025010A1 (en) * 2006-01-06 2008-01-31 Zick Jonathan A Electrical component, such as a radio, audio component, battery charger or radio/charger
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US20100164436A1 (en) * 2005-07-14 2010-07-01 Boston-Power, Inc. Control Electronics for Li-ion Batteries
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CN106785136A (en) * 2016-12-22 2017-05-31 深圳市金立通信设备有限公司 The method and terminal of a kind of safe charging
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US6984946B2 (en) 2002-02-27 2006-01-10 Railpower Technologies Corp. Method for monitoring and controlling traction motors in locomotives
US20060146454A1 (en) * 2002-11-05 2006-07-06 Donnelly Frank W Direct turbogenerator
US7124691B2 (en) 2003-08-26 2006-10-24 Railpower Technologies Corp. Method for monitoring and controlling locomotives
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US8604752B2 (en) 2003-10-14 2013-12-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh Portable battery charging and audio unit
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