US3829223A - Mixing rotor for fast analyzer of rotary cuvette type with means for enhancing the mixing of sample and reagent liquids - Google Patents
Mixing rotor for fast analyzer of rotary cuvette type with means for enhancing the mixing of sample and reagent liquids Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3829223A US3829223A US00381297A US38129773A US3829223A US 3829223 A US3829223 A US 3829223A US 00381297 A US00381297 A US 00381297A US 38129773 A US38129773 A US 38129773A US 3829223 A US3829223 A US 3829223A
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- Prior art keywords
- sample
- mixing
- cuvette
- rotor
- reagent liquids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
- G01N21/07—Centrifugal type cuvettes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/50—Movable or transportable mixing devices or plants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F2101/00—Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
- B01F2101/23—Mixing of laboratory samples e.g. in preparation of analysing or testing properties of materials
Definitions
- Another object of the invention is to provide a rotor design for a fast analyzer of the rotary cuvette type wherein the sample analysis cuvettes are designed to enhance mixing.
- a rotor design characterized by improved mixing of sample and reagent liquids is provided for fast analyzers of the rotary cuvette type. At least one ramp-like projection is provided along the wall of each sample analysis cuvette to induce mixing of sample and reagent liquids upon rotation of the rotor. The use of such projections eliminates the need for supplemental mixing techniques and is especially desirable in miniature rotors where surface tension effects seriously inhibit turbulent mixing.
- FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a rotor made in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a vertical section view of the rotor of FIG. 1.
- a typical single sample analysis station 1 comprises two sample and reagent static loading cavities 2 and 3 serially connected by means of passages 4 and 5 with each other and with a sample analysis cuvette 6.
- the rotor is of laminated construction with a central opa ue disk 7 sandwiched between transparent plates 8 an 9. Apertures 11 and 12 in plate 8 facilitate static loading of cavities 2 and 3 prior to dynamic transfer of sample and reagent liquids from those cavities to respective cuvettes 6.
- Other loading cavity arrangements such as described in copending application Ser. No. 203,248, filed Nov. 30, 1971 and now US. Pat. No. 3,744,974, of common assignee maybe used without departing from the invention, which is restricted, rather, to an improved sample analysis cuvette design characterized by improved mixing of sample and reagent liquids discharged thereto.
- each cuvette 6 is provided with at least one axially and radiall extending ramplike projection 13.
- a preferred con lguration of projections 13 incorporates generally concave side portions which effectivelg direct liquid in the cuvette inward as shown by the roken flow arrows 14. Such flow effectively mixes the contents of cuvettes 6 by forcing liquid near the cuvette walls inward.
- the mixing action depends upon the inherent relative rotation which develops between the cuvette walls and liquid contained therein during and briefly following acceleration of the rotor which defines the sample analysis cuvettes.
- the magnitude of this relative rotation decreases to a minimum following initial acceleration of the rotor since the cuvette contents are also accelerated by the propellin effect of the confining cuvette walls until it approaches the rotational speed of the cuvette walls with the rotor operating at constant speed. Acceleration and deceleration of the rotor will increase the mixing action of projections 13 by causing further relative rotation of the cuvette walls and the cuvette contents.
- a rotor for use in a fast photometric anal zer of the rotary cuvette type comprising a disk-shape member of laminated construction with a central opaque disk sandwiched between top and bottom transparent walls, and wherein said disk-shaped member defines a circular array of sample analysis cuvettes extending axially through said central opaque disk and means for loading and injecting sample and reagent liquids into said sample analysis cuvettes; the improvement wherein each of said sample analysis cuvettes has a generally cylindrical side wall defined by said opaque disk with a projection extending axially along said side wall between said top and bottom transparent walls and radially inward toward the center of said cuvette for enhancing the mixing of sample and reagent liquids therein.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Optical Measuring Cells (AREA)
Abstract
A rotor design which provides improved mixing of sample and reagent liquids in a fast photometric analyzer of the rotary cuvette type is described. According to the preferred embodiment, one or more ramp-like projections are provided along the wall of each sample analysis cuvette to enhance mixing.
Description
United States Patent [191 Hamel Aug. 13, 1974 MIXING ROTOR FOR FAST ANALYZER OF ROTARY CUVETTE TYPE WITH MEANS FOR ENHANCING THE MIXING OF SAMPLE AND REAGENT LIQUIDS [75] lnventor: Stephen D. Hamel, Oak Ridge,
Tenn.
[73] Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the United States Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, DC.
22 Filed: July 20, 1973 21 Appl. No.: 381,297
52 US. Cl ..356/246, 23/259, 250/576, 356/197 511 Int.Cl. ..G0lnl/10,GOln21/24 [58] Field of Search 356/39, 181,196, 197,
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,555,284 l/197l Anderson 356/246 Primary Examiner-Vicent P. McGraw Attorney, Agent, or Firm-John A. Horan; David S. Zachry; Stephen D. Hamel [5 7] ABSTRACT A rotor design which provides improved mixing of sample and reagent liquids in a fast photometric analyzer of the rotary cuvette type is described. According to the preferred embodiment, one or more ramp-like projections are provided along the wall of each sample analysis cuvette to enhance mixing.
2 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures PATENTED NIB 1 31974 3,829 9223 MIXING ROTOR FOR FAST ANALYZER OF ROTARY CUVETTE TYPE WITH MEANS FOR ENHANCING THE MIXING OF SAMPLE AND REAGENT LIQUIDS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention described herein relates generally to photometers and more particularly to an improved rotor for fast analyzers of the rotary cuvette type characterized by improved mixing of sample and reagent liquids in its sample analysis cuvettes. It was made by an employee of the US. Atomic Energy Commission in the course of his employment.
The general design and operation of fast photometric analyzers of the rotary cuvette type are generally described in US. Pat. No. 3,555,284, issued Jan. 12, 1971, to common assignee in in the name of Norman G. Anderson. In the analyzer described in that patent, a central loading disk is provided for statically receiving sample and reagent liquids prior to a photometric analysis operation. The sample and reagent liquids are then brought together dynamically by rotation induced forces in a separate mixing chamber or directly in respective sample analysis cuvettes. Complete and rapid mixing of the sample and reagent liquids is essential to ensure accurate photometric analysis of the cuvette contents.
Several techniques inlcuding tangential insertion of sample and reagent liquids into the cuvettes,the drawing of air bubbles through the cuvettes, rapid rotor acceleration and decleration, and parallel transfer of sample and reagent liquids have been used to enhance mixing with some degree of success. However, the recent introduction of miniaturized fast analyzers with correspondingly miniaturized rotors and sample analysis cuvettes, loading cavities, and sample and reagent volumes has resulted in decreased turbulent mixing because of the relatively increased effects of surface tension on the fluid flow of small liquid volumes.
It is, accordingly, a general object of the invention to provide a rotor design for a fast analyzer of the rotary cuvette type whereby sample and reagent mixing is enhanced.
Another object of the invention is to provide a rotor design for a fast analyzer of the rotary cuvette type wherein the sample analysis cuvettes are designed to enhance mixing.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A rotor design characterized by improved mixing of sample and reagent liquids is provided for fast analyzers of the rotary cuvette type. At least one ramp-like projection is provided along the wall of each sample analysis cuvette to induce mixing of sample and reagent liquids upon rotation of the rotor. The use of such projections eliminates the need for supplemental mixing techniques and is especially desirable in miniature rotors where surface tension effects seriously inhibit turbulent mixing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a rotor made in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 2 is a vertical section view of the rotor of FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring to the drawings, a typical single sample analysis station 1 comprises two sample and reagent static loading cavities 2 and 3 serially connected by means of passages 4 and 5 with each other and with a sample analysis cuvette 6. As shown in FIG. 2, the rotor is of laminated construction with a central opa ue disk 7 sandwiched between transparent plates 8 an 9. Apertures 11 and 12 in plate 8 facilitate static loading of cavities 2 and 3 prior to dynamic transfer of sample and reagent liquids from those cavities to respective cuvettes 6. Other loading cavity arrangements such as described in copending application Ser. No. 203,248, filed Nov. 30, 1971 and now US. Pat. No. 3,744,974, of common assignee maybe used without departing from the invention, which is restricted, rather, to an improved sample analysis cuvette design characterized by improved mixing of sample and reagent liquids discharged thereto.
As shown in the top view of FIG. 1, each cuvette 6 is provided with at least one axially and radiall extending ramplike projection 13. A preferred con lguration of projections 13 incorporates generally concave side portions which effectivelg direct liquid in the cuvette inward as shown by the roken flow arrows 14. Such flow effectively mixes the contents of cuvettes 6 by forcing liquid near the cuvette walls inward.
In theory, the mixing action depends upon the inherent relative rotation which develops between the cuvette walls and liquid contained therein during and briefly following acceleration of the rotor which defines the sample analysis cuvettes. The magnitude of this relative rotation decreases to a minimum following initial acceleration of the rotor since the cuvette contents are also accelerated by the propellin effect of the confining cuvette walls until it approaches the rotational speed of the cuvette walls with the rotor operating at constant speed. Acceleration and deceleration of the rotor will increase the mixing action of projections 13 by causing further relative rotation of the cuvette walls and the cuvette contents.
The foregoing description of one embodiment of the invention is offered for illustrative purposes only and should not be interpreted in a strictly limiting sense. For example, sample and reagent loading arrangements other than the one shown may be used without departing from the scope of the invention. Also, more than one projection per sample analysis cuvette may be used. It is intended, rather, that the invention be limited only by the scope of the claims attached hereto.
What is claimed is:
1. In a rotor for use in a fast photometric anal zer of the rotary cuvette type comprising a disk-shape member of laminated construction with a central opaque disk sandwiched between top and bottom transparent walls, and wherein said disk-shaped member defines a circular array of sample analysis cuvettes extending axially through said central opaque disk and means for loading and injecting sample and reagent liquids into said sample analysis cuvettes; the improvement wherein each of said sample analysis cuvettes has a generally cylindrical side wall defined by said opaque disk with a projection extending axially along said side wall between said top and bottom transparent walls and radially inward toward the center of said cuvette for enhancing the mixing of sample and reagent liquids therein.
2. The improvement of claim I wherein said projection defines two axially extending, intersecting, concave surfaces, each having a radius of curvature which is smaller than that pf s aid angple analysis cuvette.
Claims (2)
1. In a rotor for use in a fast photometric analyzer of the rotary cuvette type comprising a disk-shaped member of laminated construction with a central opaque disk sandwiched between top and bottom transparent walls, and wherein said disk-shaped member defines a circular array of sample analysis cuvettes extending axially through said central opaque disk and means for loading and injecting sample and reagent liquids into said sample analysis cuvettes; the improvement wherein each of said sample analysis cuvettes has a generally cylindrical side wall defined by said opaque disk with a projection extending axially along said side wall between said top and bottom transparent walls and radially inward toward the center of said cuvette for enhancing the mixing of sample and reagent liquids therein.
2. The improvement of claim 1 wherein said projection defines two axially extending, intersecting, concave surfaces, each having a radius of curvature which is smaller than that of said sample analysis cuvette.
Priority Applications (1)
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US00381297A US3829223A (en) | 1973-07-20 | 1973-07-20 | Mixing rotor for fast analyzer of rotary cuvette type with means for enhancing the mixing of sample and reagent liquids |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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US00381297A US3829223A (en) | 1973-07-20 | 1973-07-20 | Mixing rotor for fast analyzer of rotary cuvette type with means for enhancing the mixing of sample and reagent liquids |
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US3829223A true US3829223A (en) | 1974-08-13 |
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US00381297A Expired - Lifetime US3829223A (en) | 1973-07-20 | 1973-07-20 | Mixing rotor for fast analyzer of rotary cuvette type with means for enhancing the mixing of sample and reagent liquids |
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Cited By (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3890101A (en) * | 1974-02-15 | 1975-06-17 | Us Energy | Collection ring for use in multiple-sample blood fractionation centrifugal rotors |
US3953172A (en) * | 1974-05-10 | 1976-04-27 | Union Carbide Corporation | Method and apparatus for assaying liquid materials |
US4043678A (en) * | 1976-03-01 | 1977-08-23 | Technicon Instruments Corporation | Cuvette |
US4123173A (en) * | 1976-06-09 | 1978-10-31 | Electro-Nucleonics, Inc. | Rotatable flexible cuvette arrays |
US4202665A (en) * | 1978-11-06 | 1980-05-13 | Albert Einstein College Of Medicine Of Yeshiva University A Division Of Yeshiva University | Detection of hepatitis B surface antigen |
USRE30391E (en) * | 1976-02-23 | 1980-09-02 | Abbott Laboratories | Chemical analysis cuvette |
US4225558A (en) * | 1978-09-19 | 1980-09-30 | Honeywell Inc. | Fluid sample test apparatus and fluid sample cell for use therein |
US4226531A (en) * | 1977-08-29 | 1980-10-07 | Instrumentation Laboratory Inc. | Disposable multi-cuvette rotor |
US4239853A (en) * | 1979-01-22 | 1980-12-16 | Bradley Rex L | Antibiotic testing method and apparatus having a channelized reservoir |
US4254084A (en) * | 1978-04-21 | 1981-03-03 | Blum Alvin S | Method and apparataus for automatic isoenzyme analysis |
US4279862A (en) * | 1977-11-17 | 1981-07-21 | Bretaudiere Jean Pierre | Centrifugal photometric analyzer |
US4314970A (en) * | 1980-08-27 | 1982-02-09 | Instrumentation Laboratory Inc. | Analysis system |
US4373812A (en) * | 1981-03-25 | 1983-02-15 | Instrumentation Laboratory Inc. | Cuvette assembly |
US4468371A (en) * | 1982-07-19 | 1984-08-28 | Daryl Laboratories, Inc. | Immunoassay test slide |
US4557600A (en) * | 1981-09-01 | 1985-12-10 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh | Process and device for the control and mixing of a fluid current subjected to centrifugal force |
US4629703A (en) * | 1981-08-27 | 1986-12-16 | Technicon Instruments Corporation | Automated analytical system |
US4883763A (en) * | 1984-05-03 | 1989-11-28 | Abbott Laboratories | Sample processor card for centrifuge |
US4894204A (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1990-01-16 | Inovelf | Rotor with dynamic pipeting for a centrifuge analysis device |
DE4006498A1 (en) * | 1989-07-10 | 1991-01-24 | Gen Electric | FLAT SEALS |
US4999304A (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1991-03-12 | Miles Inc. | Dynamic braking centrifuge |
US5071625A (en) * | 1985-02-27 | 1991-12-10 | Fisher Scientific Company | Cuvette handling |
US5627041A (en) * | 1994-09-02 | 1997-05-06 | Biometric Imaging, Inc. | Disposable cartridge for an assay of a biological sample |
US5693233A (en) * | 1992-04-02 | 1997-12-02 | Abaxis | Methods of transporting fluids within an analytical rotor |
US20090227041A1 (en) * | 2008-02-04 | 2009-09-10 | Micropoint Biosciences, Inc. | Centrifugal fluid analyzer rotor |
US20130196360A1 (en) * | 2012-01-26 | 2013-08-01 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Microfluidic device and control method thereof |
US20150138912A1 (en) * | 2012-02-16 | 2015-05-21 | Natioanl Research Council Of Canada | Centrifugal microfluidic mixing apparatus and method |
WO2020112801A1 (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2020-06-04 | V&P Scientific, Inc. | Spinning vessel systems and methods for mixing, suspending particulates, aliquoting, washing magnetic beads, and concentrating analytes |
-
1973
- 1973-07-20 US US00381297A patent/US3829223A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (31)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3890101A (en) * | 1974-02-15 | 1975-06-17 | Us Energy | Collection ring for use in multiple-sample blood fractionation centrifugal rotors |
US3953172A (en) * | 1974-05-10 | 1976-04-27 | Union Carbide Corporation | Method and apparatus for assaying liquid materials |
USRE30391E (en) * | 1976-02-23 | 1980-09-02 | Abbott Laboratories | Chemical analysis cuvette |
US4043678A (en) * | 1976-03-01 | 1977-08-23 | Technicon Instruments Corporation | Cuvette |
US4123173A (en) * | 1976-06-09 | 1978-10-31 | Electro-Nucleonics, Inc. | Rotatable flexible cuvette arrays |
US4226531A (en) * | 1977-08-29 | 1980-10-07 | Instrumentation Laboratory Inc. | Disposable multi-cuvette rotor |
US4279862A (en) * | 1977-11-17 | 1981-07-21 | Bretaudiere Jean Pierre | Centrifugal photometric analyzer |
US4254084A (en) * | 1978-04-21 | 1981-03-03 | Blum Alvin S | Method and apparataus for automatic isoenzyme analysis |
US4225558A (en) * | 1978-09-19 | 1980-09-30 | Honeywell Inc. | Fluid sample test apparatus and fluid sample cell for use therein |
US4202665A (en) * | 1978-11-06 | 1980-05-13 | Albert Einstein College Of Medicine Of Yeshiva University A Division Of Yeshiva University | Detection of hepatitis B surface antigen |
US4239853A (en) * | 1979-01-22 | 1980-12-16 | Bradley Rex L | Antibiotic testing method and apparatus having a channelized reservoir |
US4314970A (en) * | 1980-08-27 | 1982-02-09 | Instrumentation Laboratory Inc. | Analysis system |
US4373812A (en) * | 1981-03-25 | 1983-02-15 | Instrumentation Laboratory Inc. | Cuvette assembly |
US4629703A (en) * | 1981-08-27 | 1986-12-16 | Technicon Instruments Corporation | Automated analytical system |
US4557600A (en) * | 1981-09-01 | 1985-12-10 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh | Process and device for the control and mixing of a fluid current subjected to centrifugal force |
US4468371A (en) * | 1982-07-19 | 1984-08-28 | Daryl Laboratories, Inc. | Immunoassay test slide |
US4883763A (en) * | 1984-05-03 | 1989-11-28 | Abbott Laboratories | Sample processor card for centrifuge |
US4894204A (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1990-01-16 | Inovelf | Rotor with dynamic pipeting for a centrifuge analysis device |
US5071625A (en) * | 1985-02-27 | 1991-12-10 | Fisher Scientific Company | Cuvette handling |
US4999304A (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1991-03-12 | Miles Inc. | Dynamic braking centrifuge |
DE4006498C2 (en) * | 1989-07-10 | 1999-04-01 | Gen Electric | Device for sealing a space in a turbomachine |
DE4006498A1 (en) * | 1989-07-10 | 1991-01-24 | Gen Electric | FLAT SEALS |
US5693233A (en) * | 1992-04-02 | 1997-12-02 | Abaxis | Methods of transporting fluids within an analytical rotor |
US5627041A (en) * | 1994-09-02 | 1997-05-06 | Biometric Imaging, Inc. | Disposable cartridge for an assay of a biological sample |
US20090227041A1 (en) * | 2008-02-04 | 2009-09-10 | Micropoint Biosciences, Inc. | Centrifugal fluid analyzer rotor |
US8486333B2 (en) | 2008-02-04 | 2013-07-16 | Micropoint Biosciences, Inc. | Centrifugal fluid analyzer rotor |
US20130196360A1 (en) * | 2012-01-26 | 2013-08-01 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Microfluidic device and control method thereof |
US20150138912A1 (en) * | 2012-02-16 | 2015-05-21 | Natioanl Research Council Of Canada | Centrifugal microfluidic mixing apparatus and method |
US9555382B2 (en) * | 2012-02-16 | 2017-01-31 | National Research Council Of Canada | Centrifugal microfluidic mixing apparatus with deflection element, and method of mixing |
WO2020112801A1 (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2020-06-04 | V&P Scientific, Inc. | Spinning vessel systems and methods for mixing, suspending particulates, aliquoting, washing magnetic beads, and concentrating analytes |
US11623188B2 (en) | 2018-11-28 | 2023-04-11 | V&P Scientific, Inc. | Spinning vessel systems and methods for mixing, suspending particulates, aliquoting, washing magnetic beads, and concentrating analytes |
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