US3798901A - Means and method for regulating fuel combustion in an external combustion engine - Google Patents

Means and method for regulating fuel combustion in an external combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
US3798901A
US3798901A US00251689A US25168972A US3798901A US 3798901 A US3798901 A US 3798901A US 00251689 A US00251689 A US 00251689A US 25168972 A US25168972 A US 25168972A US 3798901 A US3798901 A US 3798901A
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fuel
valve
temperature
combustion
engine
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US00251689A
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C Lewenhaupt
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United Stirling AB and Co
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United Stirling AB and Co
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Assigned to UNITED STIRLING AB., A CORP. OF SWEDEN reassignment UNITED STIRLING AB., A CORP. OF SWEDEN ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: KOMMANDIT BOLAGET UNITED STIRLING (SWEDEN) AB & CO.
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/045—Controlling
    • F02G1/047—Controlling by varying the heating or cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/06—Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
    • F02D2200/0606—Fuel temperature

Definitions

  • Modern external combustion engines are based upon the principle of supplying thermal energy to a medium which is subsequently allowed to cool and thereby develope an amount of mechanical work. Such engines have a high degree of efficiency and use a drop in temperature from a high level. Therefore maintaining a high temperature at a constant level is a desirable feature in the engine in spite of varying outputs and thus varying rates of combustion.
  • this method of governing the rate of supplying fluid fuel is often not sufficiently accurate, especially in a case when the engine is provided with a plurality of burning devices all of which should be supplied individually in order to maintain the same temperature. Also the accuracy of the known method of gradually opening a valve is dependent on a very pure fuel which is not always available or acceptable from an economic point of view.
  • the present invention is therefore intended to provide an improved method of and device for governing a flow of fuel for maintaining a continuous combustion in an external combustion engine, the said method being accurate but substantially unaffected by variations in fuel quality and easy to put into practice by a combination of substantially conventional elements.
  • a method of maintaining and regulating a continuous combustion of fuel in an external combustion engine characterised in that a fluid fuel is continuously supplied to fuel valve means under a constant pressure and that said valve means alternately close and then open to allow fuel to pass to an atomizer at time intervals at a constant frequency and to a constant extent of valve opening but with the valve staying open for varying parts of the said time intervals in order to regulate the mean rate of fuel supply to the atomizer.
  • the invention also provides a device for carrying the method into effect, and the said device is characterised in that a temperature-responsive element is arranged in a combustion chamber of the engine and is connected through an amplifier to a temperature setting device the output signals of which are fed to a pulse train generator receiving signals from a frequency generator and giving signals for actuating the said fuel valve means.
  • a fuel tank T from which liquid fuel passes through a pipe 1 to a filter F, the flow of fuel being caused by a pump P delivering fuel to an overflow pressure regulating device PR from which surplus fuel is returned to the tank T through a return pipe 2.
  • a temperature-responsive element 5 mounted in the combustion chamber 4 gives a signal corresponding to the temperature in the combustion chamber 4, and this signal is passed to a pre-amplifler 6 for actuating a temperature regulating device 7.
  • Signals from the temperature regulating device 7 are fed to a pulse width generator PG which also receives signals from a frequency generator PG.
  • the pulse train which is fed to the pulse valve PV has a constant frequency giving a pulse causing opening of the valve PV at a constant time interval 1, but a pulse causing closing of the valve PV at a time At after each opening thereof.
  • A: will vary according to the difference between the desired and theactual temperature in the combustion chamber of the Stirling cycle hot gas engine.
  • Combustion air is fed to the combustion chamber 4 through a conduit 8, the air being driven by an impeller Ihaving means for varying the rate of delivery.
  • the said means are. governed by signals fed through a lead 9 from a diode function generator DFG also receiving signals from the temperature regulating device 7.
  • DFG diode function generator
  • the signals to the air impeller may be given a suitable characteristic in order to obtain the desired excess of air at any power output of the engine.
  • the delivery of fuel to the combustion chamber 4 of the engine may be varied by varying At from 0 to of the time interval t.
  • Said time interval t may be between 0 and 25 milliseconds, if 40 Hz frequency is used.
  • Apparatus for maintaining and regulating a continuous combustion of fuel in an external combustion engine comprising 7 l. means continuously supplying a fluid fuel under constant pressure to a valve, and
  • Apparatus as defined in claim 1 including additional means sensing the temperature of combustion and controlling said rate to maintain a substantially constant combustion temperature.
  • a device for maintaining and regulating a continuous combustion of fuel in a combustion chamber of an external combustion engine comprising in combination,
  • valve receiving the fuel under constant pressure, means delivering the fuel from said valve to said engine
  • a device as defined in claim 3 having a temperature responsive element sensing the combustion temperature of said engine, and means responsive to said element controlling said periodic rate as a function of said temperature.
  • Apparatus as defined in claim l'including constant frequency means operating said valve to open it and means responsive to the engine temperature to close it at a time increment after opening as a function of the temperature.

Abstract

To regulate fuel for maintaining a continuous combustion of fuel at a known and constant temperature a fuel valve under constant pressure is opened and closed periodically at known time intervals which can be varied to regulate the mean rate of fuel supply. A temperature responsive element in the combustion chamber is connected with control means to regulate said intervals.

Description

United States Patent [1 91 Lewenhaupt MEANS AND METHOD FOR REGULATING FUEL COMBUSTION IN AN EXTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE [75] Inventor: Carl Sixten Lewenhaupt, Malmo,
Sweden [73] Assignee: Kommandltbolaget United Stirling (Sweden) AB & Co., Malmo, Sweden 221 Filed: May 9,1972
21 Appl. No.: 251,689
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data May 21, 1971 Great Britain 16259/71 [52] U.S. Cl 60/39.27, 60/3928 T, 60/3929 [51] Int. Cl. F02g 3/00, F02c 9/10, F020 9/14 [58] Field of Search 60/3928 T, 39.27, 39.29
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS Kendell 60/3928 T Mar. 26, 1974 3,080,708 3/1963 Can 60/3928 T 3,064,422 11/1962 Neher 60139.28 T 3,128,603 4/1964 Haigh 60/3918 R 3,421,318 1/1969 Falk 60/3928 Primary Examiner--Clarence R. Gordon Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Laurence R. Brown [5 7] I ABSTRACT To regulate fuel for maintaining a continuous combustion of fuel at a known and constant temperature a fuel valve under constant pressure is opened and closed periodically at known time intervals which can be varied to regulate the mean rate of fuel supply. A temperature responsive element in the combustion chamber is connected with control means to regulate said intervals.
9 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure MEANS AND METHOD FOR REGULATING FUEL COMBUSTION IN AN EXTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE This invention relates to a method of and device for maintaining and regulating a continuous combustion of fuel in an external combustion engine.
Modern external combustion engines are based upon the principle of supplying thermal energy to a medium which is subsequently allowed to cool and thereby develope an amount of mechanical work. Such engines have a high degree of efficiency and use a drop in temperature from a high level. Therefore maintaining a high temperature at a constant level is a desirable feature in the engine in spite of varying outputs and thus varying rates of combustion.
Hitherto the rate of supplying fluid fuel to such an engine has been governed by a valve having a varying degree of opening of a fluid passage for the fuel.
However,,this method of governing the rate of supplying fluid fuel is often not sufficiently accurate, especially in a case when the engine is provided with a plurality of burning devices all of which should be supplied individually in order to maintain the same temperature. Also the accuracy of the known method of gradually opening a valve is dependent on a very pure fuel which is not always available or acceptable from an economic point of view.
The present invention is therefore intended to provide an improved method of and device for governing a flow of fuel for maintaining a continuous combustion in an external combustion engine, the said method being accurate but substantially unaffected by variations in fuel quality and easy to put into practice by a combination of substantially conventional elements.
According to the present invention .there is provided a method of maintaining and regulating a continuous combustion of fuel in an external combustion engine, characterised in that a fluid fuel is continuously supplied to fuel valve means under a constant pressure and that said valve means alternately close and then open to allow fuel to pass to an atomizer at time intervals at a constant frequency and to a constant extent of valve opening but with the valve staying open for varying parts of the said time intervals in order to regulate the mean rate of fuel supply to the atomizer.
The invention also provides a device for carrying the method into effect, and the said device is characterised in that a temperature-responsive element is arranged in a combustion chamber of the engine and is connected through an amplifier to a temperature setting device the output signals of which are fed to a pulse train generator receiving signals from a frequency generator and giving signals for actuating the said fuel valve means.
The scope of the monopoly sought is defined in the claims hereinafter and how the invention can be put into practice is described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing which shows a diagram of a device according to the invention for maintaining and regulating a continuous combustion of fuel in a Stirling cycle hot gas engine.
Referring to the said diagram there is a fuel tank T from which liquid fuel passes through a pipe 1 to a filter F, the flow of fuel being caused by a pump P delivering fuel to an overflow pressure regulating device PR from which surplus fuel is returned to the tank T through a return pipe 2. Fuel under constant pressure e.g. two
bars is delivered through a pipe 3 to a pulse valve PV from which it is passed to an atomizer in a combustion chamber 4 in a Stirling cycle hot gas engine.
A temperature-responsive element 5 mounted in the combustion chamber 4 gives a signal corresponding to the temperature in the combustion chamber 4, and this signal is passed to a pre-amplifler 6 for actuating a temperature regulating device 7. Signals from the temperature regulating device 7 are fed to a pulse width generator PG which also receives signals from a frequency generator PG. The pulse train which is fed to the pulse valve PV has a constant frequency giving a pulse causing opening of the valve PV at a constant time interval 1, but a pulse causing closing of the valve PV at a time At after each opening thereof. A: will vary according to the difference between the desired and theactual temperature in the combustion chamber of the Stirling cycle hot gas engine.
Combustion air is fed to the combustion chamber 4 through a conduit 8, the air being driven by an impeller Ihaving means for varying the rate of delivery. The said means are. governed by signals fed through a lead 9 from a diode function generator DFG also receiving signals from the temperature regulating device 7. Thus the signals to the air impeller may be given a suitable characteristic in order to obtain the desired excess of air at any power output of the engine.
It will be understood that the delivery of fuel to the combustion chamber 4 of the engine may be varied by varying At from 0 to of the time interval t. Said time interval t may be between 0 and 25 milliseconds, if 40 Hz frequency is used.
What we claim is:
1. Apparatus for maintaining and regulating a continuous combustion of fuel in an external combustion engine, comprising 7 l. means continuously supplying a fluid fuel under constant pressure to a valve, and
2. means alternately opening and closing said valve at a periodic rate to regulate the mean flow of said fuel.
2. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 including additional means sensing the temperature of combustion and controlling said rate to maintain a substantially constant combustion temperature.
3. A device for maintaining and regulating a continuous combustion of fuel in a combustion chamber of an external combustion engine comprising in combination,
means supplying liquid fuel for said engine under constant pressure,
a valve receiving the fuel under constant pressure, means delivering the fuel from said valve to said engine,
means to open and close said valve, and
means establishing a periodic rate of opening and closing said valve to provide. a mean rate of fuel flow through said valve to said engine.
4. A device as defined in claim 3 having a temperature responsive element sensing the combustion temperature of said engine, and means responsive to said element controlling said periodic rate as a function of said temperature.
5. A device as defined in claim 4 wherein said means controlling said rate comprises a pulse train generator providing periodic pulses of a fixed frequency having for supplying liquid fuel under constant pressure comprises,'a fuel tank, a pump passing fuel from said tank, a pressure regulating device receiving fuel from said pump and returning surplus fuel to the tank 9. Apparatus as defined in claim l'including constant frequency means operating said valve to open it and means responsive to the engine temperature to close it at a time increment after opening as a function of the temperature.

Claims (10)

1. Apparatus for maintaining and regulating a continuous combustion of fuel in an external combustion engine, comprising 1. means continuously supplying a fluid fuel under constant pressure to a valve, and 2. means alternately opening and closing said valve at a periodic rate to regulate the mean flow of said fuel.
2. means alternately opening and closing said valve at a periodic rate to regulate the mean flow of said fuel.
2. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 including additional means sensing the temperature of combustion and controlling said rate to maintain a substantially constant combustion temperature.
3. A device for maintaining and regulating a continuous combustion of fuel in a combustion chamber of an external combustion engine comprising in combination, means supplying liquid fuel for said engine under constant pressure, a valve receiving the fuel under constant pressure, means delivering the fuel from said valve to said engine, means to open and close said valve, and means establishing a periodic rate of opening and closing said valve to provide a mean rate of fuel flow through said valve to said engine.
4. A device as defined in claim 3 having a temperature responsive element sensing the combustion temperature of said engine, and means responsive to said element controlling said periodic rate as a function of said temperature.
5. A device as defined in claim 4 wherein said means controlling said rate comprises a pulse train generator providing periodic pulses of a fixed frequency having the time interval between pulses controlled by said temperature.
6. A device as defined in claim 4 having means feeding air to said combustion chamber, and means responsive to said element controlling the feed rate of said air as a function of said temperature.
7. A device as defined in claim 4 wherein the last mentioned means comprises a diode function generator.
8. A dEvice as defined in claim 3 wherein the means for supplying liquid fuel under constant pressure comprises, a fuel tank, a pump passing fuel from said tank, a pressure regulating device receiving fuel from said pump and returning surplus fuel to the tank.
9. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 including constant frequency means operating said valve to open it and means responsive to the engine temperature to close it at a time increment after opening as a function of the temperature.
US00251689A 1971-05-21 1972-05-09 Means and method for regulating fuel combustion in an external combustion engine Expired - Lifetime US3798901A (en)

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4015426A (en) * 1972-11-20 1977-04-05 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Fuel control system
US4067191A (en) * 1975-10-10 1978-01-10 Forenade Fabriksverken System for supplying fuel and combustion air to an external combustion engine
WO1992010657A1 (en) * 1990-12-10 1992-06-25 Sundstrand Corporation Process for starting a gas turbine and gas turbine
US5349811A (en) * 1992-12-16 1994-09-27 Avco Corporation Pulsed fuel injection system for reducing NOx emissions
US6209309B1 (en) 1997-12-19 2001-04-03 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Pulse width modulated fuel flow control for an engine
US6708481B2 (en) 2002-03-19 2004-03-23 New Power Concepts Llc Fuel injector for a liquid fuel burner
US20040177611A1 (en) * 2002-03-19 2004-09-16 Langenfeld Christopher C. Evaporative burner
US20100269789A1 (en) * 2000-03-02 2010-10-28 New Power Concepts Llc Metering fuel pump
CN101688664B (en) * 2007-01-04 2012-10-03 克里斯托弗·格鲁克 Method for burning liquid fuels

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3064422A (en) * 1954-03-15 1962-11-20 Daimler Benz Ag Control mechanism for controlling the temperature in combustion turbines
US3080708A (en) * 1960-09-14 1963-03-12 Phillips Petroleum Co Fuel-air ratio control for a reaction engine
US3128603A (en) * 1960-05-24 1964-04-14 Lucas Industries Ltd Fuel supply control for gas turbine engines
US3421318A (en) * 1966-05-16 1969-01-14 Chandler Evans Inc Multiple digital signal transducer
US3691405A (en) * 1971-08-10 1972-09-12 Ultra Electronics Ltd Thermocouple response time compensation circuit arrangement

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3064422A (en) * 1954-03-15 1962-11-20 Daimler Benz Ag Control mechanism for controlling the temperature in combustion turbines
US3128603A (en) * 1960-05-24 1964-04-14 Lucas Industries Ltd Fuel supply control for gas turbine engines
US3080708A (en) * 1960-09-14 1963-03-12 Phillips Petroleum Co Fuel-air ratio control for a reaction engine
US3421318A (en) * 1966-05-16 1969-01-14 Chandler Evans Inc Multiple digital signal transducer
US3691405A (en) * 1971-08-10 1972-09-12 Ultra Electronics Ltd Thermocouple response time compensation circuit arrangement

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4015426A (en) * 1972-11-20 1977-04-05 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Fuel control system
US4067191A (en) * 1975-10-10 1978-01-10 Forenade Fabriksverken System for supplying fuel and combustion air to an external combustion engine
WO1992010657A1 (en) * 1990-12-10 1992-06-25 Sundstrand Corporation Process for starting a gas turbine and gas turbine
US5165223A (en) * 1990-12-10 1992-11-24 Sundstrand Corporation Process for starting a gas turbine and gas turbine
US5349811A (en) * 1992-12-16 1994-09-27 Avco Corporation Pulsed fuel injection system for reducing NOx emissions
US6209309B1 (en) 1997-12-19 2001-04-03 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Pulse width modulated fuel flow control for an engine
US20100269789A1 (en) * 2000-03-02 2010-10-28 New Power Concepts Llc Metering fuel pump
US6708481B2 (en) 2002-03-19 2004-03-23 New Power Concepts Llc Fuel injector for a liquid fuel burner
WO2004055437A1 (en) * 2002-03-19 2004-07-01 New Power Concepts Llc Fuel injector for a liquid fuel burner
US20040177611A1 (en) * 2002-03-19 2004-09-16 Langenfeld Christopher C. Evaporative burner
US6971235B2 (en) 2002-03-19 2005-12-06 New Power Concepts Llc Evaporative burner
CN101688664B (en) * 2007-01-04 2012-10-03 克里斯托弗·格鲁克 Method for burning liquid fuels

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Owner name: UNITED STIRLING AB., BOX 856 S-201 80 MALMO, SWEDE

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:KOMMANDIT BOLAGET UNITED STIRLING (SWEDEN) AB & CO.;REEL/FRAME:004106/0501

Effective date: 19821027