US3648018A - Transfer device for cryogenic fluids - Google Patents

Transfer device for cryogenic fluids Download PDF

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Publication number
US3648018A
US3648018A US9004A US3648018DA US3648018A US 3648018 A US3648018 A US 3648018A US 9004 A US9004 A US 9004A US 3648018D A US3648018D A US 3648018DA US 3648018 A US3648018 A US 3648018A
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Prior art keywords
tube
fluid
liquid
vessel
storage vessel
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US9004A
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Chin Huan Cheng
Donald E Leonard
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Dow Chemical Co
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Dow Chemical Co
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/011—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/014—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/016—Noble gases (Ar, Kr, Xe)
    • F17C2221/017—Helium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F17C2223/047—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/046—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid
    • F17C2225/047—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/6416—With heating or cooling of the system
    • Y10T137/6606—With electric heating element

Definitions

  • the device is an open ended tube of sufficient length to permit its lower extremity to project below the surface of the fluid when it is inserted into an opening in the vessel.
  • the tube is fitted with a collar which forms a substantially airtight seal between the tube and the opening.
  • a heater capable of producing sufficient heat to vaporize part of the fluid is attached to the tube. The vaporization creates an internal pressure which forces the fluid up through the tube.
  • steady flow of cryogenic fluid is delivered to a desired location, e.g., a cryostat.
  • liquid nitrogen b.p.l95.8 C.
  • liquid helium b.p.--268.6 C.
  • liquid oxygen b.p.- 183.0 C.
  • Liquid nitrogen is espe cially useful in laboratory operations due to its low cost.
  • cryogenic fluids are stored in heavily insulated containers to prevent their rapid evaporation, and there is a problem in transferring them from their storage vessels to the area it is desired to cool.
  • the general practice of transferring a cryogenic fluid from its storage vessel is by pressurizing the vessel with gas to force the liquid out through a transfer tube into a cryostat. Compressed air at several p.s.i. is generally used to transfer liquid nitrogen. A simpler way to pressurize the vessel is to introduce heat energy into it to evaporate the liquid itself. The advantages of this method are less chance of contamination and greater convenience.
  • cryogenic fluid i.e., liquid
  • An additional object is to provide such a device which is simple to operate and does not require an external gas supply.
  • a further object is to provide such a device which requires only small amounts of heat energy in order to effectively transport the fluid.
  • Another object is to provide such a device which produces a continuous, uniform transfer of cryogenic fluid from its storage vessel to a cryostat.
  • FIGURE One embodiment of the invention is illustrated by the FIGURE.
  • An open ended tube 13 is provided with a collar 14 to snugly fit the opening in the storage vessel.
  • the opening in the storage vessel is fitted with a rubber hose 15.
  • the hose allows for a better seal between the collar and the opening but is by no means critical to the operability of the device.
  • the tube is fitted with an electrical resistance heater 16 which is separated from the tube by sufficient insulation 17 to prevent fluid which enters the tube from being vaporized. Vaporization of a substantial amount of fluid in the tube is prevented since it is desired to evenly dispense liquid rather than a liquid gas mixture.
  • the heater is connected to a power source 18.
  • the figure illustrates the device inserted into a storage vessel for cryogenic fluid in an operable manner.
  • the tube is of sufficient length to protrude below the level of the liquid. Preferably, it extends close to the bottom of the vessel so as to dispense liquid even when the vessel is nearly empty.
  • the heater In operation the heater is operated so as to vaporize enough of the cryogenic fluid to create an internal pressure sufficient to force fluid up through the tube. vaporization of the fluid in the tube could be prevented by physical separation of the tube and heater; however, insulating the heater from the tube with a coating which does not conduct a substantial amount of heat will prevent vaporization and result in a device which can be handled conveniently. That part of the tube which projects from the storage vessel is normally wrapped with insulation 19 to prevent vaporization of the fluid after leaving the storage vessel. Flow of the fluid can be conveniently stopped by turning off the heater and releasing the pressure such as by opening a vent 20 in the collar. The vent should be of such design that it can cause an airtight seal when closed and be readily opened to relieve internal pressure in the vessel.
  • a device for removing a cryogenic liquid from a storage vessel which comprises:
  • an open ended tube of sufficient length to permit its lower extremity to project below the surface of the liquid when it is inserted into an opening in the storage vessel
  • a collar adapted to the tube to form a substantially airtight seal between the tube and the opening, said tube being airtight in the area defined by the surface of the liquid and the collar, and
  • means for producing sufficient heat energy to vaporize the cryogenic liquid in the storage vessel said means attached to the tube and sufficiently insulated from it to prevent its heat energy from evaporating liquid inside the tube.
  • heating means is an electrical resistance heater.

Abstract

Disclosed is a device for transferring a cryogenic fluid from its storage vessel to cryostat or other vessel. The device is an open ended tube of sufficient length to permit its lower extremity to project below the surface of the fluid when it is inserted into an opening in the vessel. The tube is fitted with a collar which forms a substantially airtight seal between the tube and the opening. A heater capable of producing sufficient heat to vaporize part of the fluid is attached to the tube. The vaporization creates an internal pressure which forces the fluid up through the tube. By insulating the heater from the tube so that the fluid forced into the tube is not vaporized, a steady flow of cryogenic fluid is delivered to a desired location, e.g., a cryostat.

Description

[ Mar. 7, 1972 [54] TRANSFER DEVICE FOR CRYOGENIC FLUIDS [72] Inventors: Chin Huan Cheng, Midland; Donald E.
Leonard, Shepherd, both of Mich.
[731 Assignee: The Dow Chemical Company, Midland,
- Mich.
221 Filed: Feb. 5, 1970 211 App1. No.: 9,004
[58] FieldofSearch ..219/271,272, 275,307,319; 62/50, 51, 55; 137/341; 222/146; 261/142; 417/52 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,092,974 6/1963 Haumann et al ..62/50 X Primary Examiner.l. V. Truhe Assistant Examiner-C. L. Albritton Attorney-Griswold 8L Burdick, Jerome l... Jeffers and William R. Norris [5 7] ABSTRACT Disclosed is a device for transferring a cryogenic fluid from its storage vessel to cryostat or other vessel. The device is an open ended tube of sufficient length to permit its lower extremity to project below the surface of the fluid when it is inserted into an opening in the vessel. The tube is fitted with a collar which forms a substantially airtight seal between the tube and the opening. A heater capable of producing sufficient heat to vaporize part of the fluid is attached to the tube. The vaporization creates an internal pressure which forces the fluid up through the tube. By insulating the heater from the tube so that the fluid forced into the tube is not vaporized, a
steady flow of cryogenic fluid is delivered to a desired location, e.g., a cryostat.
4 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure Discharge Patented March 7, 1972 3,648,018
INVENTORS. Chin Huan Che/7g BY Dona/d E. Leona/'0 Arron/v5) TRANSFER DEVICE FOR CRYOGENIC FLUIDS Certain chemical reactions and physical measurements must be run at extremely low temperatures. For example, those chemical reactions which are'highly exothermic must be kept cold to prevent explosions or decomposition of the reactants due to evolution of large amounts of heat energy. The use of dry ice (m.p.-78.5 C.) will not provide sufficient cooling in some instances. Liquified gases, also known as cryogenic fluids, are used in these cases because of their low temperatures. For example, liquid nitrogen (b.p.l95.8 C.), liquid helium (b.p.--268.6 C.) and liquid oxygen (b.p.- 183.0 C.) are useful cryogenic fluids. Liquid nitrogen is espe cially useful in laboratory operations due to its low cost.
These cryogenic fluids are stored in heavily insulated containers to prevent their rapid evaporation, and there is a problem in transferring them from their storage vessels to the area it is desired to cool. The general practice of transferring a cryogenic fluid from its storage vessel is by pressurizing the vessel with gas to force the liquid out through a transfer tube into a cryostat. Compressed air at several p.s.i. is generally used to transfer liquid nitrogen. A simpler way to pressurize the vessel is to introduce heat energy into it to evaporate the liquid itself. The advantages of this method are less chance of contamination and greater convenience.
Accordingly, it would be desirable and it is an object of the present invention to provide a novel device for transferring a cryogenic fluid, i.e., liquid, from its storage vessel to a cryostat.
An additional object is to provide such a device which is simple to operate and does not require an external gas supply.
A further object is to provide such a device which requires only small amounts of heat energy in order to effectively transport the fluid.
Another object is to provide such a device which produces a continuous, uniform transfer of cryogenic fluid from its storage vessel to a cryostat.
One embodiment of the invention is illustrated by the FIGURE.
An open ended tube 13 is provided with a collar 14 to snugly fit the opening in the storage vessel. Optionally, the opening in the storage vessel is fitted with a rubber hose 15. The hose allows for a better seal between the collar and the opening but is by no means critical to the operability of the device. The tube is fitted with an electrical resistance heater 16 which is separated from the tube by sufficient insulation 17 to prevent fluid which enters the tube from being vaporized. Vaporization of a substantial amount of fluid in the tube is prevented since it is desired to evenly dispense liquid rather than a liquid gas mixture. The heater is connected to a power source 18.
The figure illustrates the device inserted into a storage vessel for cryogenic fluid in an operable manner. The tube is of sufficient length to protrude below the level of the liquid. Preferably, it extends close to the bottom of the vessel so as to dispense liquid even when the vessel is nearly empty.
In operation the heater is operated so as to vaporize enough of the cryogenic fluid to create an internal pressure sufficient to force fluid up through the tube. vaporization of the fluid in the tube could be prevented by physical separation of the tube and heater; however, insulating the heater from the tube with a coating which does not conduct a substantial amount of heat will prevent vaporization and result in a device which can be handled conveniently. That part of the tube which projects from the storage vessel is normally wrapped with insulation 19 to prevent vaporization of the fluid after leaving the storage vessel. Flow of the fluid can be conveniently stopped by turning off the heater and releasing the pressure such as by opening a vent 20 in the collar. The vent should be of such design that it can cause an airtight seal when closed and be readily opened to relieve internal pressure in the vessel.
We claim:
1. A device for removing a cryogenic liquid from a storage vessel which comprises:
a. an open ended tube of sufficient length to permit its lower extremity to project below the surface of the liquid when it is inserted into an opening in the storage vessel,
b. a collar adapted to the tube to form a substantially airtight seal between the tube and the opening, said tube being airtight in the area defined by the surface of the liquid and the collar, and
c. means for producing sufficient heat energy to vaporize the cryogenic liquid in the storage vessel, said means attached to the tube and sufficiently insulated from it to prevent its heat energy from evaporating liquid inside the tube.
2. The device as described in claim 1 wherein the heating means is an electrical resistance heater.
3. The device as described in claim 1 wherein that part of the tube which projects from the storage vessel is sufficiently insulated to prevent vaporization of the liquid after leaving the vessel.
4. The device as described in claim 1 wherein the collar is equipped with a vent which is capable of being sealed or opened.

Claims (4)

1. A device for removing a cryogenic liquid from a storage vessel which comprises: a. an open ended tube of sufficient length to permit its lower extremity to project below the surface of the liquid when it is inserted into an opening in the storage vessel, b. a collar adapted to the tube to form a substantially airtight seal between the tube and the opening, said tube being airtight in the area defined by the surface of the liquid and the collar, and c. means for producing sufficient heat energy to vaporize the cryogenic liquid in the storage vessel, said means attached to the tube and sufficiently insulated from it to prevent its heat energy from evaporating liquid inside the tube.
2. The device as described in claim 1 wherein the heating means is an electrical resistance heater.
3. The device as described in claim 1 wherein that part of the tube which projects from the storage vessel is sufficiently insulated to prevent vaporization of the liquid after leaving the vessel.
4. The device as described in claim 1 wherein the collar is equipped with a vent which is capable of being sealed or opened.
US9004A 1970-02-05 1970-02-05 Transfer device for cryogenic fluids Expired - Lifetime US3648018A (en)

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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4566283A (en) * 1984-08-30 1986-01-28 Nicolet Instrument Corporation Low temperature device for cooling small samples
US4608831A (en) * 1984-10-24 1986-09-02 Gustafson Keith W Self-pressurizing container for cryogenic fluids
WO1991003679A1 (en) * 1989-09-11 1991-03-21 Hellmuth Sitte Liquid nitrogen refilling device
US5143450A (en) * 1991-02-01 1992-09-01 Aetrium, Inc. Apparatus for handling devices under varying temperatures
US5169031A (en) * 1988-02-29 1992-12-08 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Dispenser for dispensing cryogenic liquid
US5263775A (en) * 1991-02-01 1993-11-23 Aetrium, Inc. Apparatus for handling devices under varying temperatures
DE4326138A1 (en) * 1993-08-04 1995-02-09 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Apparatus for producing a liquid gas flow under pressure
US5453256A (en) * 1993-04-08 1995-09-26 Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft Catalytic reactor
EP0715119A2 (en) 1994-12-03 1996-06-05 MESSER GRIESHEIM GmbH Process for vaporizing liquefied gases at low temperatures
US5673562A (en) * 1996-02-23 1997-10-07 L'air Liquide, S.A. Bulk delivery of ultra-high purity gases at high flow rates
US5761911A (en) * 1996-11-25 1998-06-09 American Air Liquide Inc. System and method for controlled delivery of liquified gases
US5937655A (en) * 1997-12-04 1999-08-17 Mve, Inc. Pressure building device for a cryogenic tank
DE19853531A1 (en) * 1998-11-20 2000-05-25 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Device for removing a pressurized liquid gas stream from a pressure vessel
US6071081A (en) * 1992-02-28 2000-06-06 Seiko Instruments Inc. Heat-powered liquid pump
US6076359A (en) * 1996-11-25 2000-06-20 American Air Liquide Inc. System and method for controlled delivery of liquified gases
WO2002090821A2 (en) * 2001-05-08 2002-11-14 Cryoport Systems, Llc Improved vapor plug for cryogenic storage vessels
US6568415B2 (en) * 2000-08-02 2003-05-27 Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. Storing device for easily polymerizable and coagulating liquid substance and method for pressure control thereof
US20080060714A1 (en) * 2006-09-07 2008-03-13 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Heated outlet valve for a hydrogen storage tank
US20080135580A1 (en) * 2006-12-08 2008-06-12 Green Hydrotec Inc. Portable fluid delivering system and kit

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3092974A (en) * 1960-07-21 1963-06-11 Union Carbide Corp Method and apparatus for controlled freezing of biologicals

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3092974A (en) * 1960-07-21 1963-06-11 Union Carbide Corp Method and apparatus for controlled freezing of biologicals

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4566283A (en) * 1984-08-30 1986-01-28 Nicolet Instrument Corporation Low temperature device for cooling small samples
US4608831A (en) * 1984-10-24 1986-09-02 Gustafson Keith W Self-pressurizing container for cryogenic fluids
US5169031A (en) * 1988-02-29 1992-12-08 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Dispenser for dispensing cryogenic liquid
WO1991003679A1 (en) * 1989-09-11 1991-03-21 Hellmuth Sitte Liquid nitrogen refilling device
US5143450A (en) * 1991-02-01 1992-09-01 Aetrium, Inc. Apparatus for handling devices under varying temperatures
US5263775A (en) * 1991-02-01 1993-11-23 Aetrium, Inc. Apparatus for handling devices under varying temperatures
US6071081A (en) * 1992-02-28 2000-06-06 Seiko Instruments Inc. Heat-powered liquid pump
US5453256A (en) * 1993-04-08 1995-09-26 Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft Catalytic reactor
DE4326138A1 (en) * 1993-08-04 1995-02-09 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Apparatus for producing a liquid gas flow under pressure
EP0715119A2 (en) 1994-12-03 1996-06-05 MESSER GRIESHEIM GmbH Process for vaporizing liquefied gases at low temperatures
US5673562A (en) * 1996-02-23 1997-10-07 L'air Liquide, S.A. Bulk delivery of ultra-high purity gases at high flow rates
US5761911A (en) * 1996-11-25 1998-06-09 American Air Liquide Inc. System and method for controlled delivery of liquified gases
US6076359A (en) * 1996-11-25 2000-06-20 American Air Liquide Inc. System and method for controlled delivery of liquified gases
US5937655A (en) * 1997-12-04 1999-08-17 Mve, Inc. Pressure building device for a cryogenic tank
DE19853531A1 (en) * 1998-11-20 2000-05-25 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Device for removing a pressurized liquid gas stream from a pressure vessel
DE19853531C2 (en) * 1998-11-20 2001-01-25 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Device for removing a pressurized liquid gas stream from a pressure vessel
US6568415B2 (en) * 2000-08-02 2003-05-27 Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. Storing device for easily polymerizable and coagulating liquid substance and method for pressure control thereof
WO2002090821A2 (en) * 2001-05-08 2002-11-14 Cryoport Systems, Llc Improved vapor plug for cryogenic storage vessels
US6539726B2 (en) * 2001-05-08 2003-04-01 R. Kevin Giesy Vapor plug for cryogenic storage vessels
WO2002090821A3 (en) * 2001-05-08 2007-11-15 Cryoport Systems Llc Improved vapor plug for cryogenic storage vessels
US20080060714A1 (en) * 2006-09-07 2008-03-13 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Heated outlet valve for a hydrogen storage tank
US7717143B2 (en) * 2006-09-07 2010-05-18 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Heated outlet valve for a hydrogen storage tank
US20080135580A1 (en) * 2006-12-08 2008-06-12 Green Hydrotec Inc. Portable fluid delivering system and kit
US7918370B2 (en) * 2006-12-08 2011-04-05 Green Hydrotec Inc. Portable fluid delivering system and kit

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