US3606796A - Vibratory soil compacting apparatus - Google Patents

Vibratory soil compacting apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3606796A
US3606796A US836092A US3606796DA US3606796A US 3606796 A US3606796 A US 3606796A US 836092 A US836092 A US 836092A US 3606796D A US3606796D A US 3606796DA US 3606796 A US3606796 A US 3606796A
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United States
Prior art keywords
mass
unbalanced
shaft
soil compacting
housing
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Expired - Lifetime
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US836092A
Inventor
Rudolf Pappers
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Bopparder Maschinenbau GmbH
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Bopparder Maschinenbau GmbH
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/046—Improving by compacting by tamping or vibrating, e.g. with auxiliary watering of the soil
    • E02D3/074—Vibrating apparatus operating with systems involving rotary unbalanced masses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/10—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of mechanical energy
    • B06B1/16—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of mechanical energy operating with systems involving rotary unbalanced masses
    • B06B1/161—Adjustable systems, i.e. where amplitude or direction of frequency of vibration can be varied
    • B06B1/162—Making use of masses with adjustable amount of eccentricity
    • B06B1/164—Making use of masses with adjustable amount of eccentricity the amount of eccentricity being automatically variable as a function of the running condition, e.g. speed, direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/18—Mechanical movements
    • Y10T74/18544—Rotary to gyratory
    • Y10T74/18552—Unbalanced weight

Definitions

  • Unbalanced centrifugal force generators are known in which, after the apparatus has been stopped, a part of the rotating eccentric mass can be adjusted in position relative to the rotary shaft of the apparatus, and relative to another part of the mass which is fixed in position relative to the shaft.
  • the frequency can also be changed but only between two fixed values. An apparatus of this kind therefore still has only a limited range of applications.
  • Soil compacting machines are also known which are steplessly adjustable in regard to rotational speed and the distance between the unbalanced eccentric mass and the shaft.
  • This double adjustment is very costly and involves comparatively difficult manipulations by the operator. Machines of this kind have therefore not been successful in practice.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a generator for a vibrating soil compacting apparatus which, within a limited speed range, allows the speed to be djusted while keeping the unbalanced centrifugal force constant.
  • the amplitude decreases with the square of th rotational speed.
  • an unbalanced centrifugal force generator for a vibratory soil compacting apparatus comprises a rotary shaft on which are mounted a first unbalanced eccentric mass at a fixed distance from the shaft, and a second unbalanced eccentric mass the distance of which from the shaft is variable, the second mass being mounted relatively to the shaft in such a way that centrifugal force tends to move the second mass radially outwards, against the influence of a spring.
  • the outward movement of the unbalanced mass may be limited by an adjustable mechanical stop the distance of which from the axis of the rotary shaft is adjustable.
  • a housing is mounted on the rotary shaft and contains the second mass which is guided in its radial movement by the inner walls of the housing, a helical compression spring acting between the second mass and a cover at the radially outermost end of the housing.
  • the housing can be filled with oil to act as a damper, the oil being expelled by the moving mass from one chamber into another through a gap provided for this purpose in the housing.
  • the housing can be filled with oil to act as a damper, the oil being expelled by the moving mass from one chamber into another through a gap provided for this purpose in the housing.
  • a first unbalanced mass 3 is fixed to a rotary shaft 1 by a key 2, so that this first unbalanced mass is fixed in position relative to the rotary shaft, prevented from rotating relative to the shaft and prevented from moving toward or away from the shaft.
  • a wall 4 of a housing mounted on the rotary shaft is integral with the fixed unbalanced mass 3.
  • the housing has a cover 5 containing an internal annular groove 6.
  • the cover 5 is a tight fit on a flange 7 of the wall 4, forming an oil tight seal.
  • a helical compression spring 8 is supported at one end in the groove 6, which acts as a retaining groove, preventing sideways movement.
  • the housing In cross section, that is to say in a plane parallel to the shaft 1 and perpendicular to the axis of the housing 4, the housing is circular to facilitate obtaining a good fit between the cylindrical housing 4 and a cylindrical unbalanced mass 9, which is capable of sliding radially in the cylindrical housing.
  • the unbalanced mass 9 has an annular groove 10, opposite the annular groove 6 in the cover of the housing, for accommodating the other end of the spring 8.
  • the housing is filled with oil, there being a drilling 11 allowing the oil to flow between one face and the other face of the adjustable unbalanced mass 9.
  • the drilling or passage 11 may be of variable diameter provided in different inserts, one of which is shown at 9a.
  • This eccentric force generator allows variation of rotational speed, within certain limits, without any change, or with very little change in the resulting centrifugal force.
  • the oil used for damping the movement of the adjustable unbalanced mass 9 also serves as a lubricant between the adjustable unbalanced mass and the inner wall of the cylindrical housing 4.
  • the adjustable unbalanced mass 9 and the spring 8 can easily be removed and replaced. Maintenance of the apparatus is therefore very simple.
  • the dynamic characteristics of the apparatus can easily be changed by installing different 3 springs and different adjustable unbalanced masses.
  • the spring can have a progressive or a regressive characteristic curve.
  • dish springs instead of a helical spring there can if desired be used dish springs, rubber springs, or pneumatic springs.
  • an unbalanced centrifugal force generator comprising a rotary shaft, a first unbalanced eccentric mass mounted on said shaft at a fixed distance in a first direction radially from the axis of said shaft, a housing mounted on said rotary shaft in general alignment tranversely of the shaft with the first mass, said housing having a cylinder therein with its axis extending in a second direction, diametrically opposite the first direction, a second unbalanced mass mounted for reciprocation in the cylinder and functioning as a piston therein, yieldable means constantly urging the second unbalanced mass radially inwardly of the cylinder, and a liquid in the cylinder at least substantially filling the spaces in the cylinder radially inwardly and outwardly of the second mass, the parts being so constructed and arranged that the liquid can pass from one side of the second mass to the other upon the creation of a pressure difference between the liquid on said two sides of the second mass, whereby to damp the radial movements

Abstract

THE INVENTION IS CONCERNED WITH AN UNBALANCED CENTRIFUGAL FORCE GENERATOR FOR A VIBRATORY SOIL COMPACTING APPARATUS, THE GENERATOR COMPRISING A ROTARY SHAFT, A FIRST UNBALANCED ECCENTRIC MASS MOUNTED ON SAID SHAFT AT A FIXED DISTANCE FROM SAID SHAFT, A SECOND UNBALANCED ECCENTRIC MASS, MEANS MOUNTING SAID SECOND MASS ON SAID SHAFT FOR MOVEMENT RADIALLY THEREOF WHEREBY SAID SECOND MASS CAN MOVE RADIALLY OUTWARDLY CENTRIFUGALLY UPON ROTATION OF SAID SHAFT, AND SPRING MEANS OPPOSING SAID RADIAL OUTWARD MOVEMENT.

Description

Sept. 21, 1971 R. PAPPERS VIBBATORY SOIL COMPACTING APPARATUS Filed June 24, 1969 INVEN TOR: Rudolf PAPPERS BY: m 0. w
his Afforney United States Patent Oflice 3,606,796 Patented Sept. 21, 1971 3,606,796 VIBRATORY SOIL COMPACTING APPARATUS Rudolf Pappers, Monchen-Gladbach, Germany, assignor to Bopparder Machinenbaugesellschaft m.b.H., am Guterbahnhof, Boppard am Rhine, Germany Filed June 24, 1969, Ser. No. 836,092 Claims priority, application Germany, June 29, 1968, P 17 84 029.8 Int. Cl. F16h 33/10 US. CI. 74-87 4 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE The invention relates to an unbalanced centrifugal force generator for a vibratory soil compacting apparatus.
In designing any new soil compacting apparatus it has hitherto always been necessary to determine the best cmpacting action by performing time consuming and costly experiments, which have necessarily been limited to only a few frequencies. Although experiments of this kind can indicate an optimal frequency for the unbalanced centrifugal force generator, the frequency determined in this way is in fact optimal only for certain particular types of soil. As soon as the soil compacting apparatus is used for compacting other types of soil, or for example rubble, that is to say materials of different granularity, moisture and the like, a different frequency is likely to be better, which again would have to be determined by further experimentation. The result in practice is that the frequency used is by no means the optimum.
Most of the known unbalanced centrifugal force generators operate at a constant frequency, generating a constant unbalanced centrifugal force. As explained above an apparatus limited in this way cannot satisfy the requirements over a wide range of operating conditions. In some known devices the frequency can be varied, involving however an increase or decrease of the unbalanced centrifugal force proportional to the square of the frequency. This kind of control is of little practical use, in the first place because the effect on the soil or rubble resulting from a change in frequency is entirely unpredictable, and secondly because with increasing frequency and an unbalanced centrifugal force which increases with the square of the frequency the parts of the apparatus can be stressed beyond the permissible limits.
Unbalanced centrifugal force generators are known in which, after the apparatus has been stopped, a part of the rotating eccentric mass can be adjusted in position relative to the rotary shaft of the apparatus, and relative to another part of the mass which is fixed in position relative to the shaft. The frequency can also be changed but only between two fixed values. An apparatus of this kind therefore still has only a limited range of applications.
Soil compacting machines are also known which are steplessly adjustable in regard to rotational speed and the distance between the unbalanced eccentric mass and the shaft. However this double adjustment is very costly and involves comparatively difficult manipulations by the operator. Machines of this kind have therefore not been successful in practice.
The object of the present invention is to provide a generator for a vibrating soil compacting apparatus which, within a limited speed range, allows the speed to be djusted while keeping the unbalanced centrifugal force constant. The amplitude decreases with the square of th rotational speed.
In accordance with the invention an unbalanced centrifugal force generator for a vibratory soil compacting apparatus comprises a rotary shaft on which are mounted a first unbalanced eccentric mass at a fixed distance from the shaft, and a second unbalanced eccentric mass the distance of which from the shaft is variable, the second mass being mounted relatively to the shaft in such a way that centrifugal force tends to move the second mass radially outwards, against the influence of a spring.
The outward movement of the unbalanced mass may be limited by an adjustable mechanical stop the distance of which from the axis of the rotary shaft is adjustable.
Preferably, a housing is mounted on the rotary shaft and contains the second mass which is guided in its radial movement by the inner walls of the housing, a helical compression spring acting between the second mass and a cover at the radially outermost end of the housing.
To give the adjustable second eccentric mass a smooth radial movement it is preferably damped, for example the housing can be filled with oil to act as a damper, the oil being expelled by the moving mass from one chamber into another through a gap provided for this purpose in the housing. Alternatively there can be a drilling, preferably of variable diameter, for example by the provision of inserts through the adjustable unbalanced mass, to give a dash pot effect.
One example of a generator constructed in accordance with the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which is an axial cross section.
A first unbalanced mass 3 is fixed to a rotary shaft 1 by a key 2, so that this first unbalanced mass is fixed in position relative to the rotary shaft, prevented from rotating relative to the shaft and prevented from moving toward or away from the shaft. In this example a wall 4 of a housing mounted on the rotary shaft is integral with the fixed unbalanced mass 3. The housing has a cover 5 containing an internal annular groove 6. The cover 5 is a tight fit on a flange 7 of the wall 4, forming an oil tight seal. A helical compression spring 8 is supported at one end in the groove 6, which acts as a retaining groove, preventing sideways movement. In cross section, that is to say in a plane parallel to the shaft 1 and perpendicular to the axis of the housing 4, the housing is circular to facilitate obtaining a good fit between the cylindrical housing 4 and a cylindrical unbalanced mass 9, which is capable of sliding radially in the cylindrical housing. The unbalanced mass 9 has an annular groove 10, opposite the annular groove 6 in the cover of the housing, for accommodating the other end of the spring 8. The housing is filled with oil, there being a drilling 11 allowing the oil to flow between one face and the other face of the adjustable unbalanced mass 9. The drilling or passage 11 may be of variable diameter provided in different inserts, one of which is shown at 9a.
This eccentric force generator allows variation of rotational speed, within certain limits, without any change, or with very little change in the resulting centrifugal force. The oil used for damping the movement of the adjustable unbalanced mass 9 also serves as a lubricant between the adjustable unbalanced mass and the inner wall of the cylindrical housing 4.
After removing the cover 5 of the housing, the adjustable unbalanced mass 9 and the spring 8 can easily be removed and replaced. Maintenance of the apparatus is therefore very simple. The dynamic characteristics of the apparatus can easily be changed by installing different 3 springs and different adjustable unbalanced masses. The spring can have a progressive or a regressive characteristic curve. Instead of a helical spring there can if desired be used dish springs, rubber springs, or pneumatic springs.
I claim:
1. In a vibratory soil compacting apparatus, an unbalanced centrifugal force generator comprising a rotary shaft, a first unbalanced eccentric mass mounted on said shaft at a fixed distance in a first direction radially from the axis of said shaft, a housing mounted on said rotary shaft in general alignment tranversely of the shaft with the first mass, said housing having a cylinder therein with its axis extending in a second direction, diametrically opposite the first direction, a second unbalanced mass mounted for reciprocation in the cylinder and functioning as a piston therein, yieldable means constantly urging the second unbalanced mass radially inwardly of the cylinder, and a liquid in the cylinder at least substantially filling the spaces in the cylinder radially inwardly and outwardly of the second mass, the parts being so constructed and arranged that the liquid can pass from one side of the second mass to the other upon the creation of a pressure difference between the liquid on said two sides of the second mass, whereby to damp the radial movements of the second mass.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the liquid is oil.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second mass has an at least substantially axial passage therethrough to provide for the fiow of liquid from one side of the second mass to the other.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, comprising a replaceable insert in a second passage through the second rnass, said insert having the first recited passage extending therethrough, whereby the effective area of the first passage may be changed by substituting appropriate inserts with different sized first passages therethrough.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,286,770 6/l942 Symons 7461X 2,861,458 11/1958 Awedissjan 74-87 2,989,869 6/1961 Hanggi 746l 3,358,815 12/1967 Musschoot 74-61X JACOB L. NACKENOFF, Primary Examiner U.S. c1. X.R. 94-48
US836092A 1968-06-29 1969-06-24 Vibratory soil compacting apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3606796A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1784029A DE1784029C3 (en) 1968-06-29 1968-06-29 Vibration generator for a soil compacting device

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US (1) US3606796A (en)
JP (1) JPS493099B1 (en)
AT (1) AT299292B (en)
BE (1) BE735316A (en)
CA (1) CA919950A (en)
CH (1) CH490897A (en)
DE (1) DE1784029C3 (en)
FR (1) FR2014437A1 (en)
GB (1) GB1233296A (en)
NL (1) NL6909931A (en)
NO (1) NO127460B (en)
SE (1) SE363867B (en)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3814532A (en) * 1972-02-04 1974-06-04 Raygo Inc Compacting machine having variable vibration
US3888600A (en) * 1973-07-25 1975-06-10 Koehring Gmbh Bomag Division Variable mass oscillation exciter
US4105356A (en) * 1977-05-19 1978-08-08 Koehring Corporation Vibratory roller
US4341126A (en) * 1977-02-25 1982-07-27 Thomas Hubert E Variable amplitude vibratory apparatus
US4342523A (en) * 1981-02-24 1982-08-03 Koehring Company High-low force amplitude device
US4348912A (en) * 1979-08-21 1982-09-14 Thomas Hubert E Variable amplitude vibrator apparatus
US4367054A (en) * 1981-02-24 1983-01-04 The Koehring Company Vibratory roller
US4370894A (en) * 1979-07-04 1983-02-01 Sturesson Rune K Eccentric element
US4580456A (en) * 1983-04-14 1986-04-08 Kikumithus Takano Balance weight transfer device for a vibrator
US4759659A (en) * 1987-07-01 1988-07-26 Fernand Copie Variable vibrator system
US4830534A (en) * 1987-10-21 1989-05-16 Hyster Company Dual amplitude vibration generator for compaction apparatus
US6224293B1 (en) * 1999-04-19 2001-05-01 Compaction America, Inc. Variable amplitude vibration generator for compaction machine
WO2002000359A1 (en) * 2000-06-29 2002-01-03 Riedl, Franz Vibration exciter with ajustable amplitude
US20110158745A1 (en) * 2009-12-31 2011-06-30 Caterpillar Paving Products Inc. Vibratory system for a compactor
CN105268621A (en) * 2015-11-11 2016-01-27 王存伟 Stepless amplitude-variable vibrator
US9765534B1 (en) * 2016-11-14 2017-09-19 Albert DiLuzio Concrete work tool, method of making, and applications
CN112619755A (en) * 2020-12-24 2021-04-09 东台市鑫富达机械有限公司 A crushing apparatus for grain material handles
CN113235364A (en) * 2021-06-18 2021-08-10 浙江奥桑机械设备有限公司 Multiple damping device of road roller driver's cabin

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3445936A1 (en) * 1984-12-17 1986-06-26 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln Covering-weight arrangement of a shaking apparatus for the production of shaped bodies
FR2599645A1 (en) * 1986-06-06 1987-12-11 Dostes Henri Device for generating cycloidal vibrations
WO2008009314A1 (en) * 2006-07-20 2008-01-24 Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen-Industriegesellschaft Mbh Method and machine for stabilizing track

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3814532A (en) * 1972-02-04 1974-06-04 Raygo Inc Compacting machine having variable vibration
US3888600A (en) * 1973-07-25 1975-06-10 Koehring Gmbh Bomag Division Variable mass oscillation exciter
US4341126A (en) * 1977-02-25 1982-07-27 Thomas Hubert E Variable amplitude vibratory apparatus
US4105356A (en) * 1977-05-19 1978-08-08 Koehring Corporation Vibratory roller
US4370894A (en) * 1979-07-04 1983-02-01 Sturesson Rune K Eccentric element
US4348912A (en) * 1979-08-21 1982-09-14 Thomas Hubert E Variable amplitude vibrator apparatus
US4342523A (en) * 1981-02-24 1982-08-03 Koehring Company High-low force amplitude device
US4367054A (en) * 1981-02-24 1983-01-04 The Koehring Company Vibratory roller
US4580456A (en) * 1983-04-14 1986-04-08 Kikumithus Takano Balance weight transfer device for a vibrator
US4759659A (en) * 1987-07-01 1988-07-26 Fernand Copie Variable vibrator system
US4830534A (en) * 1987-10-21 1989-05-16 Hyster Company Dual amplitude vibration generator for compaction apparatus
US6224293B1 (en) * 1999-04-19 2001-05-01 Compaction America, Inc. Variable amplitude vibration generator for compaction machine
WO2002000359A1 (en) * 2000-06-29 2002-01-03 Riedl, Franz Vibration exciter with ajustable amplitude
US20110158745A1 (en) * 2009-12-31 2011-06-30 Caterpillar Paving Products Inc. Vibratory system for a compactor
CN105268621A (en) * 2015-11-11 2016-01-27 王存伟 Stepless amplitude-variable vibrator
CN105268621B (en) * 2015-11-11 2018-06-05 王存伟 Stepless luffing vibrator
US9765534B1 (en) * 2016-11-14 2017-09-19 Albert DiLuzio Concrete work tool, method of making, and applications
CN112619755A (en) * 2020-12-24 2021-04-09 东台市鑫富达机械有限公司 A crushing apparatus for grain material handles
CN113235364A (en) * 2021-06-18 2021-08-10 浙江奥桑机械设备有限公司 Multiple damping device of road roller driver's cabin

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1784029A1 (en) 1971-09-23
DE1784029B2 (en) 1973-10-18
JPS493099B1 (en) 1974-01-24
DE1784029C3 (en) 1975-05-15
CH490897A (en) 1970-05-31
FR2014437A1 (en) 1970-04-17
NO127460B (en) 1973-06-25
BE735316A (en) 1969-12-01
SE363867B (en) 1974-02-04
NL6909931A (en) 1969-12-31
AT299292B (en) 1972-06-12
GB1233296A (en) 1971-05-26
CA919950A (en) 1973-01-30

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