US3474784A - Breathing apparatus having an arrangement for artificial respiration - Google Patents

Description

06- 1969 D. o. A. JOHANNISSON 3,474,784

BREATHING APPARATUS HAVING AN ARRANGEMENT FOR ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION Filed Nov. 18, 1966 Int. Cl. A62b 9/02, 7/00; A61h 16/00 8 US. Cl. 128 -145.7 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A breathing apparatus adapted for artificial respiration has a feeding device such as rubber bag for feeding gas through a conduit to a three-way breathing valve, which responds to pressure differences so as to connect a patient alternately with the feeding device for an inspiration and with an expiration outlet for an expiration. Auxiliary valve means in the form of a pair of oppositely ,directed non-return valves in the conduit separates the feeding device from the three-way valve, these non-return valves responding to predetermined pressure differences to open the conduit and permit flow to or from the three-way valve, depending upon the sense of the pressure difference. A manual control can hold one of the non-return valves open so as to permit continuous flow therethrough.

The invention relates to a breathing apparatus having an arrangement for artificial respiration and comprising a reservoir for the breathing gas, a feeding device for feeding from the reservoir to the patient, a conduit leading from the feeding device and adapted to be connected to the breathing organs of a patient, and a multi-way breathing valve with an expiration conduit provided in the said conduit and responsive to pressure from the feeding device for opening and admitting breathing gas to the patient and simultaneously closing the expiration conduit, and which responds to breathing pressure from the patient to open the expiration conduit.

In an arrangement of this type, the feeding device may comprise a construction of the reservoir to make possible the delivery of gas from the same; for instance, the reservoir may be a rubber bag which can be compressed for feeding gas to the patient.

It may be desirable for the connection from the reservoir to the multi-way breathing valve not to be directly open but through an overflow valve, which, even if it does let the feeding pressure pass during artificial respiration, does not let pass the pressure with which gas is fed into the apparatus. If this arrangement were not provided, the last-mentioned feeding pressure, which is to fill the reservoir during the patients expiration, would reach the multi-way valve and the patient would have to overcome this feeding pressure in order to open the multi-way valve.

According to the invention, this disadvantage is obviated by means of an auxiliary valve arrangement provided in the conduit between the feeding device and the breathing valve and comprising anoverflow valve which is adapted to open in response to pressure from the feeding device and clearthe conduit leading to the patient.

However, providing such an overflow valve may in its turn lead to a difficulty owing to the fact that at the termination of an artificial inspiration there is a high residual pressure between the overflow valve and the patient, which would have to be overcome by the patient if he is to actuate the multi-way valve for an expiration. To obviate this, it is preferable to provide also a nonreturn valve making possible a passage in the opposite direction 3,474,784 Patented Oct. 28, 19 9 to that of the overflow valve, whereby the said pressure can be let off through the nonreturn valve and contribute vto the filling of the reservoir. In thismanner, the patient only has to overcome the inherent pressure of the multiway valve itself, which is of a negligible order of magnitude.

- An embodiment of the invention is shown on the drawing.

The embodiment shown has a conduit 5 adapted to be connected on one hand to a gas-source supplying oxygen or air and/or other gases, e.g. N 0, with a predetermined pressure and on the other to the patients breathing organs.

Conduits 5 communicates with a rubber bag 37 serving as a reservoir and leads to an auxiliary valve device 38 and from it on via a breathing valve to the patient.

Valve device 38 comprises a housing 39 having a valve chamber 40 with an overflow valve comprising a valve disc 41 therein, the valve disc being urged towards the closing position by a spring 42 acting against a membrane 43. A central aperture is provided in valve disc 41. to cooperate with a smaller valve disc 44, which is also urged towards the closing position by a spring 45 acting against a stem 46 and valve disc 41.

A knob 47 is provided to be adjustable between two positions, the drawing showing the knob in its pusheddown position. Knob 47 is mounted on a shaft 48 having recesses 49 and 50 into which a spring-urged ball can snap so as to determine the two terminal positions to which knob 47 can be adjusted. A lever 52 is pivotally mounted on housing 39 to be actuated through a spring around the outer part of shaft 48, to in turn control membrane 43.

In its pushed-down position, knob 47 determines by means of lever 52 acting on the membrane an outer terminal position for membrane 43, whereby valve discs 41 and 44 are normally closed. In the outer position of knob 47, lever 52 pivots to move membrane 43 inwardly against stem 46, hence unseating valve disc 44 and establishing a continuous opening.

The breathing valve 51 is provided with an easily flexible thin valve disc 53, the edge of which seats on a larger valve seat, thereby closing off conduit 5. The central portion of disc 53 seats on a smaller valve seat formed by a tube 54. In the inactive position, disc 53 seats on both of the valve seats referred to; it is retained in position by pins 55 engaging tube 54.

Tube 54 has a wider portion 56, in which there is provided a valve disc 57 serving as a nonreturn valve for the patients expiration.

OPERATION Auxiliary valve 38: the essential function of this arrangement is in connection with giving the patient artificial respiration by means of a pressure on the rubber bag. By observing the rubber bag, it is possible to see if the patients spontaneous breathing ceases, for the bag normally moves in the rhythm of the patients breathing. If it is desired to give artificial respiration, the bag 37 is compressed. Air is then forced out through auxiliary valve 38, the valve disc 41 of which is unseated by the pressure in conduit 5. The gas mixture flows through chamber 40 and under the edge of valve disc 53' to the patient. The pressure in conduit 5 then presses valve disc 53 against tube 54; When the inspiration is completed, this pressure must be removed to make possible for the patient to breathe out through tube 54 and valve 57, since this expiration has to take place by meansof the expiratory pressure acting .on the peripheral part of valve disc 53 so as to unseat it from the tube 54.

If this operation is to be possible, the pressure on the underside of valve disc 53, as was mentioned above, must be removed. To this end valve disc 44 can move away from disc 41 and makes it possible for the gas to flow from conduit 5 back to rubber bag 37, thus relieving the residual pressure between breathing valve 51 and auxiliary valve 38. I

When knob 47 is in the drawn-out position, membrane 43 acts against stem 46 to hold valve disc 44 open, and continuous flow of the gas mixture can take place.

I claim:

1. In a breathing apparatus having an arrangement for artificial respiration, the improvement comprising: conduit means for connection to a source of breathing gas; selectively actuatable feeding means for establishing intermittent variable pressures in said conduit so as topermit feeding gas to a patient intermittently at different pressures for artificial respiration; a three-way breathing valve connected in said conduit; said three-way breath ing valve having a first passage connected in said conduit to receive gas from said feeding means, a second passage for connection to the breathing organs of a patient, a third passage forming an expiration outlet, and a breathing valve member responsive to pressure dilferences between said first and second passages for alternately communicating said second passage exclusively with said first passage for a patient inspiration or exclusively with said third passage for a patient expiration; an auxiliary valve means comprising a first non-return valve connected in and controlling gas flow through said conduit between said feeding device and said three-way breathing valve and a second oppositely directed non-return valve connected in and controlling gas flow through said conduit between said three-way breathing valve and said feeding means, said auxiliary valve means automatically opening said conduit to communicate said three-way breathing valve and said feeding device only in response to predetermined pressure differences in said conduit on opposite sides of said auxiliary valve.

2. In a breathing apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein each of said non-return valves includes means resiliently biasing it to its closed position.

3. In a breathing apparatus as claimed in claim 2 wherein said auxiliary valve means includes selectively actuatable opening means for holding one of said nonreturn valves open against its closing bias to provide free passage of gas in either direction through said auxiliary valve means.

4. In a breathing apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said auxiliary valve means comprises a housing having first and second chambers communicable through a valve seat, a diaphragm flexibly mounted in a gas-tight manner in an aperture in a wall of the housing so as to be displaceable toward or away from said valve seat, means for limiting displacement of said diaphragm outwardly of the housing away from said valve seat, a first auxiliary valve member having an aperture therein and biased by a compression spring between said diaphragm and said first auxiliary valve member so that the periphery of the latter normally abuts said seat to prevent flow of gas from said first to said second housing chamber, and a second auxiliary valve member located on the side of said first auxiliary valve member remote from said diaphragm and spring biased to a normal position closing said aperture in said first auxiliary valve member, said 4 second auxiliary valve member having an integral stem portion extending therefrom through the aperture in said first auxiliary valve member toward the diaphragm, such that if the diaphragm is displaced inwardly of the housing it displaces said stem portion to unseat said second auxilia'ry valve member against the bias thereof from said first auxiliary valve member, thereby providing an open passage for free gas flow in either direction through the aperture in said first auxiliary valve member.

5. In a breathing apparatus as claimed in claim 4 wherein said second auxiliary valve member 'is biased by means of a compression spring surrounding said stem and located between the first auxiliary valve member and a portion of the stem of enlarged diameter adjacent the diaphragm.

6. In a breathing apparatus as claimed in claim 4 wherein said auxiliary valve means further comprises manual control means for controlling said diaphragm and movable between two positions in one of which displacement of the diaphragm outwardly of the housing is limited at a position such that both auxiliary valve members are spring biased normally to assume their seated positions and in the other of which said diaphragm is displaced inwardly of the housing and held in a position such that the second auxiliary valve member is held uns'eated from the aperture in said first auxiliary valve member, said control means comprising a rod axially displaceable in a bore in said housing between two positions, detent means for releasably retaining the rod in either of said positions, and a lever pivotally mounted on said housing and having a portion on one side of the pivotal mounting operatively coupled with said rod such that axial displacement of the rod produces angular movement of the lever relative to the housing, said lever having an end portion on the other side of the pivotal mounting which abuts said diaphragm on the side of the latter presented outwardly of the housing and which limits outward displacement of the diaphragm under the influence of the spring means biasing said auxiliary valve members.

7. In a breathing apparatus as claimed in claim 6 wherein the operative coupling between said portion of the lever on one side of the pivotal mounting and said rod comprises a compression spring surrounding the rod and acting between a shoulder on the latter and said lever portion whereby said end portion abutting the diaphragm is biased inwardly of the housing.

8. In a breathing apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said selectively actuatable feeding means comprises a reservoir of variable volume.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,428,451 10/1947 Emerson 128-145.7

3,366,133 1/1968 Johannisson.

FOREIGN PATENTS 1,256,024 2/1961 France.

910,065 11/1962 Great Britain.

RICHARD A. GAUDET, Primary Examiner KYLE L. HOWELL. Assistant Examiner

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