US3168478A - Highly alkaline surface active compositions - Google Patents

Highly alkaline surface active compositions Download PDF

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US3168478A
US3168478A US45799A US4579960A US3168478A US 3168478 A US3168478 A US 3168478A US 45799 A US45799 A US 45799A US 4579960 A US4579960 A US 4579960A US 3168478 A US3168478 A US 3168478A
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nonionic
surface active
mole
sodium
weight
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Stefcik Andrew
Fred E Woodward
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GAF Chemicals Corp
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General Aniline and Film Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/83—Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/34—Derivatives of acids of phosphorus
    • C11D1/345—Phosphates or phosphites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
    • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
    • C11D3/044—Hydroxides or bases

Definitions

  • alkaline compositions are known in the art based upon the use of one or a mixture of alkaline reacting substances which are principally inorganic alkali metal hydroxides and salts of relatively weak acids.
  • the alkalinity serves the function of cleaning, emulsifying, saponifying, peptizing, descaling, derusting, paint and/ or wax stripping and the like.
  • Nonionic surface active agents have been employed for this purpose, being substantially insensitive to heavy metals or alkaline earth metal ions and having excellent wetting, dispersing and/ or emulsifying properties.
  • non-ionic agents discolor badly when mixed with such alkaline reacting substances in dry form such as powders, shaped products and the like.
  • the liquid nonionic agents dedust dry alkali compositions at first, but lose this power after about two Weeks or so whereby such mixes thereafter dust badly.
  • the nonionic agents exhibit very little solubility in highly alkaline solutions, thereby greatly limiting their usefulness.
  • the sulfate esters of such nonionic surface active agents do not have any substantially higher solubility in alkaline solutions.
  • Alkylaryl sulfonates have also been commonly employed in dry alkaline compositions, and while they do not discolor as do the nonionic surface active agents, they are substantially insoluble in the presence of large concentrations of calcium or aluminum ions normally present in many cleaning operations, such as diary bottle washing and the like. Further, they do not have any dedusting action.
  • this invention broadly comprises the provision of a highly alkaline surface active composition containing the reaction product of P 0 with a nonionic surface active agent having the molecular configuration of a condensation product of at least one mole of ethylene oxide, and up to an amount sufficient to provide said agent with about 95% by weight of combined ethylene oxide, with one mole of a compound containing about 6 to 150 carbon atoms and at least 1 reactive hydrogen atom in a ratio of 1 mole of P 0 for each 2 to 4.5 hydroxy groups in said nonionic agent, and an amount of an alkaline reacting inorganic alkali metal substance suiiicient to yield with said reaction product an aqueous solution having a pH of more than about 12 when the combined concentration of said reaction product and said alkali metal substance in the solution is about 0.3% by weight.
  • compositions of this invention have been found to be highly effective and improved with respect to one or more of the above mentioned deficiencies and disad- 3,168,478 Fatented Feb. 2, 1965 vantages. They may be employed for the production ofhomogeneous liquid concentrates containing relatively high proportions of inorganic alkali metal substance and the defined surface active reaction product. When provided in dry or particulate form, the compositions of this invention have improved resistance to dusting, discoloration and/ or decomposition of the components of the composition. Further, these compositions have highly desirable low or controlled foaming properties, relatively high wetting, dispersing, emulsifying, and/or detergency properties, and reduced corrosive action on metal, vitreous, ceramic, and other surfaces with which they may come in contact.
  • the alkali metal (sodium, potassium) hydroxides and silicates are preferred although other sodium or potassium salts may be employed such as the phosphates, carbonates, boratcs, and the like.
  • alkali metal salts such as the sodium or potassium polyphosphates, sulfides, cyanides, acetates and the like, the basic requirement being that the alkali metal substance, whether a single compound or a mixture of compounds, be employed in an amount sufficient to supply a concentration of alkali metal ion effective to yield a pH of more than about 12 when the compositions of this invention are dissolved in aqueous solution in a concentration of 0.3%.
  • inorganic alkali metal substances there may be mentioned sodium and potassium hydroxide, phosphate, carbonate, sesquicarbonate, bicarbonate, tetraborate, perborate, sufide, cyanide, acetate, orthosilicate, metasilicate, polyphosphates, and the like.
  • Those alkali metal silicates are preferred having a mole ratio of M O:Si0 of at least about 0.721 and up to 2:1 or the like, where M means Na or K.
  • M means Na or K.
  • orthoand metasilicates are highly effective strong alkaline reacting substances.
  • alkali metal polyphosphates are well know in the art and may also be referred to as condensed phosphates or molecularly dehydrated phosphates. In general, these polyphosphates have an analytical ratio of alkali metal oxide to P 0 of less than 3:1, such ratio usually falling within the range of about 1:2 to 5:3. These polyphosphates are available as alkali metal pyrophosphates, metaphosphates, and polyphosphates in monomeric or polymeric form such as the triphosphates, tetraphosphates, hexametaphosphates, decaphosphates and the like.
  • alkali metal polyphosphates useful in the compositions of this in vention, there may be mentioned the tetrasodium and tetrapotassium pyrophosphates, sodium and potassium tripolyphosphates, tetraphosphates, pentaphosphates, hexametaphosphates and mixtures of two or more thereof and the like.
  • the above defined reaction product of P 0 with a nonionic surface active agent may be prepared by the process described and claimed in the copending applications of Nunn and Hesse, Serial No. 852,188, filed November 12, 1959, and of Nunn, Serial No. 856,367, filed December 1, 1959, now respectively U.S. Patents 3,004,- 056 and 3,004,057.
  • the reaction between the P 0 and the nonionic surface active agent is conducted under substantially anhydrous conditions and at a temperature below about C.
  • the reaction is carried out by adding the P 0 gradually, with vigorous agitation to the nonionic surface active agent in liquid form.
  • the reaction is exothermic and cooling is in some cases necessary to keep the temperature below 110 C., since discolored and darkened products tend to be produced above this temperature.
  • the reaction proceeds continu- 3,1 same ously during the addition of the P and is preferably followed by maintenance of the reaction mixture at ambient temperatures up to 110 C. for an additional period of time after completion of such addition to allow for complete solution of the P 0 and reaction with the nonionic surface active agent.
  • the product produced by the above described reaction is not definitely known in view of the recognized tendency of the P 0 to form complex products and polymers in such reactions with hydroxylic compounds.
  • the product will usually contain about to 45% of the secondary phosphate ester of the nonionic agent, to 80% of the primary phosphate ester, 0 to of unreacted nonionic agent, and small amounts of unidentified by-products.
  • a phosphorus-containing compound selected from the group consisting of hypophosphorous acid, salts of hypophosphorous acid, phosphorous acid, and salts and esters of phosphorous acid, preferably sodium hypophosphite or hydrophosphorous acid, as described in said Nunn application, lighter colored or substantially colorless reaction products are obtained.
  • nonionic surface active agents employed for reaction with P 0 are well known in the art and are disclosed along with suitable methods for their preparation in numerous patents and other publications. In general, they may be obtained by condensing a polyglycol ether containing the required number of alkenoxy groups or an alkylene oxide such as propylene oxide, butylene oxide, or preferably ethylene oxide, or mixtures thereof, with an organic compound containing at least 6 carbon atoms and a reactive hydrogen atom. As such compounds con-- taining a reactive hydrogen atom there may be mentioned alcohols, phenols, thiols, primary and secondary amines, and carboxylic and sulfonic acids and the r amides.
  • These compounds may obviously contain more than one reactive hydrogen atom, i.e. more than one hydroxy, mercapto, amino, amido, carboxylic, sulfonic or sulfonamido group, each such group in the compound being reactive with the alkylene oxide in suitable proportions.
  • the amount of alky lene oxide or equivalent condensed with the reactive hydrogen-containing compound i.e. the length of the po-lyoxyalkylene chain, will depend primarily upon the particular compound with which it is condensed. As a convenient rule of thumb, amount of alkylene oxide or equivalent should be employed which will result in a condensation product containing about 20 to 95% by weight of combined alkylcne oxide. However, the optimum amount of alkylene oxide for attainment of the desired hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance may be readily determined in any panticular case by preliminary test and routine experimentation.
  • reaction between the reactive-hydrogen-containing organic compound and the alkylene oxide in the production of the above described nonionic surface active agents is Well known in the art, being preferably carried out at elevated temperatures and pressures and catalyzed by quaternary hydroxides, amines, acids and/or coordinating type compounds although strong alkaline catalysts such as KOH or NaOH and the like are preferred because of fewer by-products formed and the more easily controlled reaction conditions.
  • the reaction is substantially quantitative, although it will be understood that the product of this reaction between the alkylene oxide, preferably ethylene oxide, and the organic reactive hydrogen-containing compound will be a mixture of polyoxyalkylene derivatives of varying oxyalkylene chain length, the average of which substantially corresponds to the amount of alkylene oxide reactant. Such product will of course always contain an average of at least one hydroxy group (in a terminal C H OH group) per molecule.
  • nonionic surface active agents In the production of the above described nonionic surface active agents, the following are illustrative examples of: types of organic compounds containing a reactive hydrogen atom:
  • Aromatic monoand poly-hydroxy compounds such as phenols, naphthols, benzene and naphthalene diols, triols and tetrols and like.
  • alkyl phenols are preferred containing 1 to 3 alkyl substituents of from 4 to 20 carbon atoms each.
  • Some examples of such compounds are the normal and isomeric mono, di-, and tri-butyl, -nonyl, and octadecylphenols and cresols, and phenols and cresols substituted by a plurality of different such alkyl groups.
  • the diol precursors of the Pluronic type nonionic surface active agents generally prepared by polyoxyethylenation of a polymerized alkylene oxide of at least 3 carbon atoms, preferably propylene oxide, to produce the corresponding water insoluble polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of up to about 3000, or of the reaction product of a plurality of moles of propylene oxide or substituted propylene oxide with alkylene diamines such as ethylene diamine and propylene diamine, polyalkylene polyamines, and alkane diols such as ethylone glycol, hexamethylene glycol, and the like.
  • Tl ese agents of the Pluronic type may range in molecular weight from about 300 to 10,000.
  • This group also includes the primary aliphatic alcohols containing a plurality of side chains.
  • Such multi-branched chain alcohols may be produced by various methods, preferably by subjection of an olefin containing at least 7 carbon atoms and at least 2 side chains, such as tripropylene, tetrapropylene, pentapropylene, diisobutylenc, triisobutyiene, and the like to the Oxo process, involving the catalytic reaction of the olefin with carbon monoxide and hydrogen to form an aldehyde followed by catalytic reduction of the aldehyde to the corresponding primary alcohol.
  • Alcohols in this group are the essentially straight chain alcohols produced from Fischer-Tropsch olefins by the Oxo process or those produced by oxidation of Ziegler type polymer intermediates.
  • Such intermediates, or mixtures thereof, made by polymerizing ethylene with a metal (cg. aluminum) alkyl, have an even number of carbon atoms averaging 10 to 24 per molecule in the chain.
  • Aliphatic and aromatic monoand polyiercapto compounds including cetyl mercaptan, dodecyi mercaptan, alkyl naphthylamine, alkyl thiophenol, thionaphthol, and the like.
  • Aliphatic and aromatic monoand poly-amines including laurylamine, stearylamine, alkyl benzylamine, alkyl naphthylamine, dodecylene diamine, tetrapropylene pentamine, and the like.
  • Carboxylic acid amides such as lauric acid amide, stearic acid amide and the like.
  • Sulfonamides and such as dodecyl sulfonamide, dodecylbenzene sulfonamide, and the like.
  • E0. means ethylene oxide and the number preceding same refers to the number of moles thereof reacted with one mole of the given reactive hydrogen-containing compound.
  • the nonionic surface active agents preferred herein for the production of the desired reaction products with P are the polyoxyethylenated derivatives of alkyl phenols and aliphatic alcohols, containing at least carbon atoms, such as the polyoxyethylene ethers of coco alcohols containing an average of 12 carbon atoms, nonylphenol, dodecylphenol, dinoylphenol, and Oxo tridecyl alcohol as derived from tetrapropylene or triisobutylene.
  • reaction products in the range of about 2 to 3.5 and preferably 2 to less than 3 hydroxy groups in the nonionic surface active agent per mole of P 0 have increased solubility and a lower proportion of free unreacted (non-phosphated) nonionic. Since increasing proportions of nonionic in dry alkali formulations yield increased discoloration, the use of such reaction products is preferred when formulating alkaline compositions in accordance with this invention, particularly when a dry formulation or a highly soluble formulation is desired.
  • reaction products in the broader range of 2 to 4.5 hydroxy groups in the nonionic per mole of P 0 may be employed, that such reaction products may be used in the form of the free acid or soluble salts thereof with alkali metals and the like, and that the compositions of this invention may be provided in any desired form such as liquid concentrates, powders, shaped compositions, pastes and the like.
  • the objects of this invention may be attained with mixtures, in dry or particulate form or in aqueous solution, of about 0.002 to 25 parts of the above defined phosphate ester reaction products for each part by Weight of the alkaline reacting substance.
  • compositions of this invention may also include 0 to about 25% by weight of one or more of the other usual constituents of highly alkaline cleaning and/ or surface active compositions, as for, example one or more neutral inorganic salts such as sodium and potassium chloride and sulfate and the like; soil suspending agents, these being generally water soluble polymeric materials such as cellulose glycollic acid, cellulose ethane sulfonic acid, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, starch, hydroxyethyl starch, starch glycollic acid, lichenin, xylan, polymeric carboxylic acids such as copolymers of maleic anhydride with styrene, vinyl methyl ether and vinyl ethyl ether, polyvinylpyrrolidone and the like; perfumes; deodorants; disinfectants; corrosion inhibitors; sequestrants such as ethylenediamine tetracetic acid, sodium gluconate and polyhydric sugar acids and the like; foam stabilizers such as dialkano
  • the highly alkaline surface active compositions are useful and highly effective as electrolytic cleaners, metal processing cleaners, alkaline descaling and derusting agents, steam cleaners, metal soak cleaners, aluminum cleaners, aluminum milling agents, alkaline dairy cleaners, :bottle :Washing agents, paint strippers, wax strippers, heavy duty industrial cleaners and degreasers (for fabrics, industrial clothing, curtains, belting, floors, castings, engines, railroad cars, trucks, buses), paper digestor additives (for wetting, peptizing and dispersing action), paper de-inking agents (for dispersing and emulsifying action), and the like.
  • the solubility of the corresponding phosphate ester surfactants generally decreases with increasing temperatures. Where a number appears in the table, it refers to the maximum temperature in degrees centigrade at which the phosphate ester surfactant is completely soluble and the solution clear.
  • the examples in the table show the unusual solubility and compatibility of the indicated phosphate esters in aqueous solutions [of sodium hydroxide and sodium metasilicate.
  • the table also shows the effect of variation in oxyethylene content ⁇ of the nonionic surfactant precursor upon the solubility in alkalies of the corresponding phosphate ester and the effect.
  • Table C shows the color stability of dry containing the indicated phosphate ester surfactant lasted mixes of alkali and various nonionic surfactants and indefinitely Table C COLOR STABILITY OF DRY ALKALINE MIXES Percent Mole Surfactant Ratio of Example Surfactant Noi iigniez Alkali Conditions Appearance 2 Alkali B Nonionie Precursor 0i P.E1III 3 Brown P.E.III 3 Tan. 0 Nonionic Precursor of P.E.IV. 10 Brown.- 10 White llgtllg lili; Precursor of P.E.XIV. gilscolored.
  • the washed swatches were subjected to a 59 This a clear soluki n useful a m er and water absorption test by suspending them from a holder the like: L o as pm S pp so that about /z" was immersed in tap water at room EXAMPLE 34 temperature.
  • the time required for the water to rise Parts on the swatch to a predetermined height is shown in Phosphate ester XII (noniOnic:P2O5:2 -7:1) 03 the table.
  • the water absorption rate by capillary aegy- 105 tion is an indication of the amount of residual soil re- Na2CO3 0 maining in the laundered swatch.
  • the surfactant employed RATE or WATER ABSORPTION is phosphate ester II with a mole ratio of n0nionic:P O of 2.7:1 although it will be understood that other of the Time inseconds above defined phosphate ester surfactants may be sub- Molte stituted
  • EXAMPLE 36 Powdered metal soak cleaner Parts Surfactant 3 TSP (trisodium phosphate) Sodium carbonate 26 NaOH '61 This composition may be used at dilutions of 1 to 10% or more in water as an immersion type soak cleaner for metal parts such as in electrolytic cleaning of steel prior to electroplating. The concentrate and diluted solutions remain clear and stable at 160 C.
  • TSP trisodium phosphate
  • EXAMPLE 37 Liquid steam cleaner Parts Surfactant 5 SMS -20 Sodium xylene sulfonate 12 Water 73-79 EXAMPLE 38 Liquid paint stri per Parts Surfactant 5 NaOH 15 Sodium xylene sulfonate 1-2 Water 78-79 EXAMPLE 39 Liquid white wall tire cleaner Parts Sulfactant 5 TSP 8 SMS 2 Water 85 EXAMPLE 40 Powdered cleaner Parts Surfactant 6 SMS 30 NaOH 64 This is a powder which may be dissolved in water to form a 15 to 20% stable liquid concentrate, or it may be used at about 8 oz. per gallon or the like at temperatures from 120 F. to the boil as a steam cleaner, electrolytic cleaner, immersion type soak cleaner, etc.
  • This mixture was thoroughly stirred in a sigma-blade mixer and then stored at 120 F. for two Weeks.
  • Another mixture was similarly prepared as a control using as the surfactant the nonionic precursor of this phosphate ester surfactant. At the end of two weeks, the control dusted as much as the sodium tetraborate alone whereas the formulation employing the phosphate ester surfactant was dust free.
  • a highly alkaline surface active composition consisting essentially of (1) a mixture of primary and secondary phosphate esters of P 0 with a nonionic surface active agent having the molecular configuration of a condensa- Lion product of at least 1 mole of ethylene oxide, and up to an amount sufficient to provide said agent with about by weight of combined ethylene oxide, with 1 mole of a compound containing about 6 to carbon atoms and a reactive hydrogen atom and selected from the group consisting of phenol, al'kyl phenols, aliphatic alcohols, fatty acids, fatty amines, fatty amides, rosin amines, long chain sulfon'arnides, long chain-substituted aryl sulfonamidcs, and high molecular weight mcrcaptans, in a ratio of 1 mole of P 0 for each 2 to 4.5 hydroxy groups in said nonionic agent, and
  • an alkaline reacting inorganic alkali metal substance selected from the group consisting of sodium and potassium hydroxides, silicates, tribasic phospirates, polyphosphates, carbonates, borates, sulfides and cyanides,
  • component (2) being within the range of 1 part for each 0.002 to 25 parts of component (1) and sufficient to yield an aqueous solution having a pH of more than 12 when the combined concentration of components (1) and (2) in the solution is about 0.3% by weight.
  • composition as defined in claim 1 in which the said ratio is 1 mole of P 0 for each 2 to less than 3 hydroxy groups in said nonionic surface active agent.
  • composition as defined in claim 1 in the form of a dry particulate mixture.

Description

United States Patent 3,168,473 HIGHLY ALKALINE SURFACE ACTIVE *COMPGSHEUNS Andrew Stel'cilr, Easton, Pan, and Fred E. Woodward, Plainficld, NJL, assignors to General Aniline dz Film Corporation, New York, N.Y., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Filed July 2%, 196% Ser. No. 45,799 8 (Iiaims. ill. 252 135) This invention relates to highly alkaline surface active compositions, and more particularly to such compositions containing an organic surface active agent.
A great number of highly alkaline compositions are known in the art based upon the use of one or a mixture of alkaline reacting substances which are principally inorganic alkali metal hydroxides and salts of relatively weak acids. In these compositions, the alkalinity serves the function of cleaning, emulsifying, saponifying, peptizing, descaling, derusting, paint and/ or wax stripping and the like.
It has also been customary to include in such composition one or more synthetic organic surface active agents to provide a Wetting, dispersing, foaming or similar function and to contribute to the primary function of the alkaline reacting substance. Nonionic surface active agents have been employed for this purpose, being substantially insensitive to heavy metals or alkaline earth metal ions and having excellent wetting, dispersing and/ or emulsifying properties. However, such non-ionic agents discolor badly when mixed with such alkaline reacting substances in dry form such as powders, shaped products and the like. The liquid nonionic agents dedust dry alkali compositions at first, but lose this power after about two Weeks or so whereby such mixes thereafter dust badly. In addition, the nonionic agents exhibit very little solubility in highly alkaline solutions, thereby greatly limiting their usefulness. The sulfate esters of such nonionic surface active agents do not have any substantially higher solubility in alkaline solutions.
Alkylaryl sulfonates have also been commonly employed in dry alkaline compositions, and while they do not discolor as do the nonionic surface active agents, they are substantially insoluble in the presence of large concentrations of calcium or aluminum ions normally present in many cleaning operations, such as diary bottle washing and the like. Further, they do not have any dedusting action.
It is an object of this invention to provide a hghly alkaline surface acve composition in dry or liquid form which will not be subject to the above disadvantages attributable to the previously employed synthetic organic surface active agents. Other objects and advantages will appear as the description proceeds.
The attainment of the above objects is made possible by this invention, which broadly comprises the provision of a highly alkaline surface active composition containing the reaction product of P 0 with a nonionic surface active agent having the molecular configuration of a condensation product of at least one mole of ethylene oxide, and up to an amount sufficient to provide said agent with about 95% by weight of combined ethylene oxide, with one mole of a compound containing about 6 to 150 carbon atoms and at least 1 reactive hydrogen atom in a ratio of 1 mole of P 0 for each 2 to 4.5 hydroxy groups in said nonionic agent, and an amount of an alkaline reacting inorganic alkali metal substance suiiicient to yield with said reaction product an aqueous solution having a pH of more than about 12 when the combined concentration of said reaction product and said alkali metal substance in the solution is about 0.3% by weight.
The compositions of this invention have been found to be highly effective and improved with respect to one or more of the above mentioned deficiencies and disad- 3,168,478 Fatented Feb. 2, 1965 vantages. They may be employed for the production ofhomogeneous liquid concentrates containing relatively high proportions of inorganic alkali metal substance and the defined surface active reaction product. When provided in dry or particulate form, the compositions of this invention have improved resistance to dusting, discoloration and/ or decomposition of the components of the composition. Further, these compositions have highly desirable low or controlled foaming properties, relatively high wetting, dispersing, emulsifying, and/or detergency properties, and reduced corrosive action on metal, vitreous, ceramic, and other surfaces with which they may come in contact.
As the alkaline reacting substance to be employed in the present compositions, the alkali metal (sodium, potassium) hydroxides and silicates are preferred although other sodium or potassium salts may be employed such as the phosphates, carbonates, boratcs, and the like. Instead of or in addition to these strong alkali metal salts, there may also be employed relatively Weaker salts such as the sodium or potassium polyphosphates, sulfides, cyanides, acetates and the like, the basic requirement being that the alkali metal substance, whether a single compound or a mixture of compounds, be employed in an amount sufficient to supply a concentration of alkali metal ion effective to yield a pH of more than about 12 when the compositions of this invention are dissolved in aqueous solution in a concentration of 0.3%. i
As specific examples of inorganic alkali metal substances, there may be mentioned sodium and potassium hydroxide, phosphate, carbonate, sesquicarbonate, bicarbonate, tetraborate, perborate, sufide, cyanide, acetate, orthosilicate, metasilicate, polyphosphates, and the like. Those alkali metal silicates are preferred having a mole ratio of M O:Si0 of at least about 0.721 and up to 2:1 or the like, where M means Na or K. These orthoand metasilicates are highly effective strong alkaline reacting substances.
The alkali metal polyphosphates are well know in the art and may also be referred to as condensed phosphates or molecularly dehydrated phosphates. In general, these polyphosphates have an analytical ratio of alkali metal oxide to P 0 of less than 3:1, such ratio usually falling within the range of about 1:2 to 5:3. These polyphosphates are available as alkali metal pyrophosphates, metaphosphates, and polyphosphates in monomeric or polymeric form such as the triphosphates, tetraphosphates, hexametaphosphates, decaphosphates and the like. As representative of commonly employed alkali metal polyphosphates, useful in the compositions of this in vention, there may be mentioned the tetrasodium and tetrapotassium pyrophosphates, sodium and potassium tripolyphosphates, tetraphosphates, pentaphosphates, hexametaphosphates and mixtures of two or more thereof and the like.
The above defined reaction product of P 0 with a nonionic surface active agent may be prepared by the process described and claimed in the copending applications of Nunn and Hesse, Serial No. 852,188, filed November 12, 1959, and of Nunn, Serial No. 856,367, filed December 1, 1959, now respectively U.S. Patents 3,004,- 056 and 3,004,057. As described in the said Nunn and Hesse application, the reaction between the P 0 and the nonionic surface active agent is conducted under substantially anhydrous conditions and at a temperature below about C. In its preferred form, the reaction is carried out by adding the P 0 gradually, with vigorous agitation to the nonionic surface active agent in liquid form. The reaction is exothermic and cooling is in some cases necessary to keep the temperature below 110 C., since discolored and darkened products tend to be produced above this temperature. The reaction proceeds continu- 3,1 same ously during the addition of the P and is preferably followed by maintenance of the reaction mixture at ambient temperatures up to 110 C. for an additional period of time after completion of such addition to allow for complete solution of the P 0 and reaction with the nonionic surface active agent.
The exact chemical constitution of the products produced by the above described reaction is not definitely known in view of the recognized tendency of the P 0 to form complex products and polymers in such reactions with hydroxylic compounds. In general, the product will usually contain about to 45% of the secondary phosphate ester of the nonionic agent, to 80% of the primary phosphate ester, 0 to of unreacted nonionic agent, and small amounts of unidentified by-products.
By carrying out the reaction in the presence of a small amount of a phosphorus-containing compound selected from the group consisting of hypophosphorous acid, salts of hypophosphorous acid, phosphorous acid, and salts and esters of phosphorous acid, preferably sodium hypophosphite or hydrophosphorous acid, as described in said Nunn application, lighter colored or substantially colorless reaction products are obtained.
The nonionic surface active agents employed for reaction with P 0 are well known in the art and are disclosed along with suitable methods for their preparation in numerous patents and other publications. In general, they may be obtained by condensing a polyglycol ether containing the required number of alkenoxy groups or an alkylene oxide such as propylene oxide, butylene oxide, or preferably ethylene oxide, or mixtures thereof, with an organic compound containing at least 6 carbon atoms and a reactive hydrogen atom. As such compounds con-- taining a reactive hydrogen atom there may be mentioned alcohols, phenols, thiols, primary and secondary amines, and carboxylic and sulfonic acids and the r amides. These compounds may obviously contain more than one reactive hydrogen atom, i.e. more than one hydroxy, mercapto, amino, amido, carboxylic, sulfonic or sulfonamido group, each such group in the compound being reactive with the alkylene oxide in suitable proportions. The amount of alky lene oxide or equivalent condensed with the reactive hydrogen-containing compound, i.e. the length of the po-lyoxyalkylene chain, will depend primarily upon the particular compound with which it is condensed. As a convenient rule of thumb, amount of alkylene oxide or equivalent should be employed which will result in a condensation product containing about 20 to 95% by weight of combined alkylcne oxide. However, the optimum amount of alkylene oxide for attainment of the desired hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance may be readily determined in any panticular case by preliminary test and routine experimentation.
The reaction between the reactive-hydrogen-containing organic compound and the alkylene oxide in the production of the above described nonionic surface active agents is Well known in the art, being preferably carried out at elevated temperatures and pressures and catalyzed by quaternary hydroxides, amines, acids and/or coordinating type compounds although strong alkaline catalysts such as KOH or NaOH and the like are preferred because of fewer by-products formed and the more easily controlled reaction conditions. The reaction is substantially quantitative, although it will be understood that the product of this reaction between the alkylene oxide, preferably ethylene oxide, and the organic reactive hydrogen-containing compound will be a mixture of polyoxyalkylene derivatives of varying oxyalkylene chain length, the average of which substantially corresponds to the amount of alkylene oxide reactant. Such product will of course always contain an average of at least one hydroxy group (in a terminal C H OH group) per molecule.
In the production of the above described nonionic surface active agents, the following are illustrative examples of: types of organic compounds containing a reactive hydrogen atom:
(1) Aromatic monoand poly-hydroxy compounds such as phenols, naphthols, benzene and naphthalene diols, triols and tetrols and like. In this group, alkyl phenols are preferred containing 1 to 3 alkyl substituents of from 4 to 20 carbon atoms each. Some examples of such compounds are the normal and isomeric mono, di-, and tri-butyl, -nonyl, and octadecylphenols and cresols, and phenols and cresols substituted by a plurality of different such alkyl groups.
(2) Straight and branched chain, saturated and unsaturated aliphatic monohydric and polyhydric alcohols of natural or synthetic origin. Among this group are the alcohols derived from animal and vegetable sources such as lauryl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and the like. Also included are the diol precursors of the Pluronic type nonionic surface active agents, generally prepared by polyoxyethylenation of a polymerized alkylene oxide of at least 3 carbon atoms, preferably propylene oxide, to produce the corresponding water insoluble polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of up to about 3000, or of the reaction product of a plurality of moles of propylene oxide or substituted propylene oxide with alkylene diamines such as ethylene diamine and propylene diamine, polyalkylene polyamines, and alkane diols such as ethylone glycol, hexamethylene glycol, and the like. Tl ese agents of the Pluronic type may range in molecular weight from about 300 to 10,000. This group also includes the primary aliphatic alcohols containing a plurality of side chains. Such multi-branched chain alcohols may be produced by various methods, preferably by subjection of an olefin containing at least 7 carbon atoms and at least 2 side chains, such as tripropylene, tetrapropylene, pentapropylene, diisobutylenc, triisobutyiene, and the like to the Oxo process, involving the catalytic reaction of the olefin with carbon monoxide and hydrogen to form an aldehyde followed by catalytic reduction of the aldehyde to the corresponding primary alcohol. Other alcohols in this group are the essentially straight chain alcohols produced from Fischer-Tropsch olefins by the Oxo process or those produced by oxidation of Ziegler type polymer intermediates. Such intermediates, or mixtures thereof, made by polymerizing ethylene with a metal (cg. aluminum) alkyl, have an even number of carbon atoms averaging 10 to 24 per molecule in the chain.
(3) Higher fatty acids of amimal and vegetable origin and mixtures containing the same, such as lauric acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, the animal and vegetable fats and oils containing same, or the acids derived by oxidation of suitable etroleum fractions.
(4) Aliphatic and aromatic monoand polyiercapto compounds including cetyl mercaptan, dodecyi mercaptan, alkyl naphthylamine, alkyl thiophenol, thionaphthol, and the like.
(5) Aliphatic and aromatic monoand poly-amines, including laurylamine, stearylamine, alkyl benzylamine, alkyl naphthylamine, dodecylene diamine, tetrapropylene pentamine, and the like.
(6) Carboxylic acid amides such as lauric acid amide, stearic acid amide and the like.
(7) Sulfonamides and such as dodecyl sulfonamide, dodecylbenzene sulfonamide, and the like.
These and other types of organic compounds containing reactive hydrogen atoms suitable for reaction with alkylene oxides are disclosed for example in United States Patents 1,970,578, 2,002,613, 2,085,706, 2,174,761, 2,205,- 021, 2,213,477, 2,266,141, 2,593,112, 2,674,619, 2,677,- 760, 2,766,212 and others.
The following is in illustrative, non-limitative list of some specific examples of suitable nonionic surface active agents which may be employed as reactants in the present invention. In this list, E0. means ethylene oxide and the number preceding same refers to the number of moles thereof reacted with one mole of the given reactive hydrogen-containing compound.
Nonylphenol +2 E.O. Dinonylphenol +7 E.O Dodecylphenol +18 E.O. Castor oil +20 130. Tall oil +18 E0. Oleyl alcohol +18 ED. Lauryl alcohol +4110. Lauryl alcohol +15 E.O. Hexadecyl alcohol +12 E.O. Hexadecyl alcohol +20 E.O. Octadecyl alcohol +20 E.O. Oxo tridecyl alcohol (from tetrapropylene) +7 E.O. From tetrapropylene +10 E0. From tetrapropylene +15 E.O. Dodecyl mercaptan +9 E.O. Soya bean oil amine 10 E0. Rosin amine +32 E.O. Cocoanut fatty acid amine +7 E.O. Cocoa fatty acid +10 E.O. Dodecylbenzene sulfonamide +10 E.O. Decyl sulfonamide +6 15.0. Oleic acid +5 E0. Polypropylene glycol (30 oxypropylene units) +10 B0.
In general, the nonionic surface active agents preferred herein for the production of the desired reaction products with P are the polyoxyethylenated derivatives of alkyl phenols and aliphatic alcohols, containing at least carbon atoms, such as the polyoxyethylene ethers of coco alcohols containing an average of 12 carbon atoms, nonylphenol, dodecylphenol, dinoylphenol, and Oxo tridecyl alcohol as derived from tetrapropylene or triisobutylene.
It has also been determined that reaction products in the range of about 2 to 3.5 and preferably 2 to less than 3 hydroxy groups in the nonionic surface active agent per mole of P 0 have increased solubility and a lower proportion of free unreacted (non-phosphated) nonionic. Since increasing proportions of nonionic in dry alkali formulations yield increased discoloration, the use of such reaction products is preferred when formulating alkaline compositions in accordance with this invention, particularly when a dry formulation or a highly soluble formulation is desired. However, it will be understood that reaction products in the broader range of 2 to 4.5 hydroxy groups in the nonionic per mole of P 0 may be employed, that such reaction products may be used in the form of the free acid or soluble salts thereof with alkali metals and the like, and that the compositions of this invention may be provided in any desired form such as liquid concentrates, powders, shaped compositions, pastes and the like.
For most purposes, the objects of this invention may be attained with mixtures, in dry or particulate form or in aqueous solution, of about 0.002 to 25 parts of the above defined phosphate ester reaction products for each part by Weight of the alkaline reacting substance.
The compositions of this invention may also include 0 to about 25% by weight of one or more of the other usual constituents of highly alkaline cleaning and/ or surface active compositions, as for, example one or more neutral inorganic salts such as sodium and potassium chloride and sulfate and the like; soil suspending agents, these being generally water soluble polymeric materials such as cellulose glycollic acid, cellulose ethane sulfonic acid, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, starch, hydroxyethyl starch, starch glycollic acid, lichenin, xylan, polymeric carboxylic acids such as copolymers of maleic anhydride with styrene, vinyl methyl ether and vinyl ethyl ether, polyvinylpyrrolidone and the like; perfumes; deodorants; disinfectants; corrosion inhibitors; sequestrants such as ethylenediamine tetracetic acid, sodium gluconate and polyhydric sugar acids and the like; foam stabilizers such as dialkanolamides of fatty acids and the like; hydrotropes or solubilizers such as sodium xylene and toluene sul- 6 fonate and the like; other anionic or nonionic surfactants such as higher alkyl (e.g. lauryl) sulfates, alkylaryl sulfonates (e.g. dodecyclbenzene sulfonate), sodium taurides, fatty acid soaps, nonionics described above, etc.
The highly alkaline surface active compositions are useful and highly effective as electrolytic cleaners, metal processing cleaners, alkaline descaling and derusting agents, steam cleaners, metal soak cleaners, aluminum cleaners, aluminum milling agents, alkaline dairy cleaners, :bottle :Washing agents, paint strippers, wax strippers, heavy duty industrial cleaners and degreasers (for fabrics, industrial clothing, curtains, belting, floors, castings, engines, railroad cars, trucks, buses), paper digestor additives (for wetting, peptizing and dispersing action), paper de-inking agents (for dispersing and emulsifying action), and the like.
The following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and are not to be regarded as limitative. All parts and proportions referred to herein and in the appended claims are by Weight unless otherwise indi cated. All these exemplified compositions have, in 0.3% aqueous solution, a pH of more than 12. i
The constitution of representative phosphate ester surfactants is disclosed in Table A. All are prepared by reaction between P 0 and the designated nonionic surfactant precursor in the stated molar proportions and in the presence of sodium hypophosphite following the procedure described in the examples in said Nunn application Serial No. 856,367. 130. means ethylene oxide, its proportion in the defined nonionic surfactant being expressed in moles per mole of reactive hydrogen containing compound and/or in weight percent in the nonionic surfactant.
Table A NONIONIC SURFACTANT PRECURSOR Phosphate Reactive Hydrogen-Containing Moles Percent Ester Compound (1 Mole) E0. E0.
I... Nonyl Phenol 6 54 II -.d0 9 65 .do 15 75 d0 100 Dodecyl Phenol 6 .do 1 1. 5 75 Dinonyl Phenol 17 65 0x0 Tridecyl Alcohol (from tetra pro- 3. 5
pylene).
d 7 59 10 68 vdo 15 77 Oleyl Alcohol 7 54 Lauryl AlcohoL. 4 49 Pluronic L-62 10 [HO(CzHiO)5(C3HtO)sn(CzHlO) H] In Table B below, the solubilities of varying concentrations of phosphate ester surfactants employed in the present compositions are disclosed in varying concentrations of aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide and sodium metasilicate. In the table, SMS means sodium metasilicalte, so means soluble giving a clear solution at temperatures up to boiling, and sepf means that a separation of the phosphate ester from solution has occurred, usually in the form of a lrazy tor cloudy suspension. In common with the nonionic surfactant precursors, the solubility of the corresponding phosphate ester surfactants generally decreases with increasing temperatures. Where a number appears in the table, it refers to the maximum temperature in degrees centigrade at which the phosphate ester surfactant is completely soluble and the solution clear. The examples in the table show the unusual solubility and compatibility of the indicated phosphate esters in aqueous solutions [of sodium hydroxide and sodium metasilicate. The table also shows the effect of variation in oxyethylene content \of the nonionic surfactant precursor upon the solubility in alkalies of the corresponding phosphate ester and the effect. of decreasing ratios of nonionic to P 0 In general, it is apparent that, other things being equal, highest solubilities are obtained 7 with proportions of nonionic precursor to P below in general, other things being equal, optimum color stav3.5:1 and ranging from about 2.5:1 to 2.8:1 for the cornbility is obtained with proportions of nonionic precursor positions tested. In contrast, the nonionic surfactant to P 0 below 3:1 and ranging from about 2.5 :1 to precursors of phosphate esters II and X and their corre- 2.85:1 for ltl'lfi compositions tested. The unusual color spending sulfate esters, illustratively, are substantially 5 stability of these dry alkali mixes is further established insoluble at room temperature in 5% NaOH and 5% by the fact that the white appearance of the compositions SMS.
Table B PHOSPHATE ESTER SOLUBILITY IN AQUEOUS ALKALI Mole Ratio Percent Phosphate Estcrrlcrcent Alkali Example Phosphate Nonionic: Alkali Ester P205 7 VII 2.7;1
s XIII 2.5;1
10 III 31 The following Table C shows the color stability of dry containing the indicated phosphate ester surfactant lasted mixes of alkali and various nonionic surfactants and indefinitely Table C COLOR STABILITY OF DRY ALKALINE MIXES Percent Mole Surfactant Ratio of Example Surfactant Noi iigniez Alkali Conditions Appearance 2 Alkali B Nonionie Precursor 0i P.E1III 3 Brown P.E.III 3 Tan. 0 Nonionic Precursor of P.E.IV. 10 Brown.- 10 White llgtllg lili; Precursor of P.E.XIV. gilscolored.
' 'A l l1:I%1i(nIiIeIPrecursor 0i P.E.XIII. 5 g ir zglorcd. l N on ionic i r'e'ciir's'ibl'iih'f ii 5 w Disolored. Evil 5 2.7:1 "O.,16hrs White, Nonionic Precursor of REJIA- 5 50 0., 24hrs1 Brown.
1 .121}: 5 27:1 50 0.,170 hrs -1 White. Nonionic Precursor of P.E.II 5 8., ggrs Brown. l'S 0 12.11.11 5 2711 5( 13w .e White w s o Nonionie Precursor of P.E.IX 5 8., glfirs Brown 0 rs 0 P.E.IX -e 5 7:1 50 0., 2 Wks White tfiPTC vlvks M 0. Wrs Red-brow 5 {i) lC.,224]l('llS Do.
.. Y w s Tan. P.E.I s 0.1 MOII. .{%,Q 2 I o \vrs White nnr 5 2.8.1 Na01I-1.-{%,T 0 ,2Wks D0 nnr 5 2.7.1 Naolnlg r .,2Wks Brown. P.n.1v 5 3.7.1 Naonfluh oT f fi DO.
W'S White. ranrv 5 aO o phosphate estensurfactants of the type employed in the In the examples in the following Table D, formulapresent compositions. In the table, PE. means phostions conslsting of sodium metasilicate with and withphate ester; SOS means sodium orthosihcateg and 770 out surfactants and CMC (carboxymethyleellulose) were KT. means room temperature. Theexamples mthe tested as industrial laundry detergents in a Terg-O- table show the unexpected superiority in color stabihty Tometer (U.S. Testing Co.) test washer operated at of the indicated phosphate ester surfactants as compared rpm. for 30 minutes using 1.0% detergent formulation with the corresponding nonionic surfactant precursors 111 in tap water at F. for washing soiled cloths at a the presence of dry alkalies. The table also shows that 75 clothtliquor ratio of 1:25, followed by a thorough cold The following Table F shows the dusting characteristics of dry sodium metasilicate powder alone and mixed with 0.5% surfactant. The mixtures were prepared by pouring 0.5% surfactant onto the SMS in a sample bottle tergeney Evaluation and Testing by I. C. Harris, I-nter- 5 and rolling the sample bottle for one hour. The apscience Publishers, Inc., N.Y., 1954 at, respectively, pages pearance of the various mixtures after storage at 50 C. 84 and 88. In these tests the cloths are employed in for the periods indicated in the table establish the un the form of 1 /2" x 3" swatches. The Grease Spot expected superiority of the compositions of this invensoiled cloths are 8" x 8" cotton twill swatches soiled tion as compared with compositions containing the corwith oil dag plus auto grease in 2" diameter circular 1Q responding non-ionic surfactant precursors with respect areas. The initial reflectances of the soiled cloths as to dusting. Thus, Examples 317) and 32!), prepared in measured with a reflectorneter were or less. The accordance with this invention, show little or no dusting washed swatches were measured with the refiectorneter during the test periods as compared with Examples 310, to determine soil removal and. redeposition. Reflectance 32a and 320.
Table F DUSTING Mole Ratio Appearance Ex. Surfactant Nonionic:
2 weeks 1 month 5 weeks 8 weeks Nonionic Precursor olP.E.IX Slight dust. Dusty Very dusty Very dusty. P.E.IX 2.7 :1 No dust No dust Trace dust Trace dust. Nonionic Precursor of P.E.II Dusty Dusty Very dusty..- Very dusty. 2.7:1 No dust No du No dust No dust.
None (SMS alone) Dusty Dusty Very dusty. Very dusty values vary directly with the cleanliness of the cloths (inversly with the proportion of soil on the cloths). The
Additional formulations representative of the compositions of this invention are given in the following exhigher reflectance values shown in Examples 27b and amples.
Table D Final Reflectance After Washing Mole Example Detergent Ratio Nonionic: ACH Test Grease Redepo- P205 No. 115 Fabrics Spot sition No. 26
27a 8072 1S lVII SIriIus: 20% Nonionic Precursor 39. 0 46. 0 63. 0 69. 0 27b 20 P110111. 2.71 50.0 50.5 05.5 74.0 79.5% SMS 05% CMC plus: 20% Non- 50.0 50.0 74.0 73.0
ionic Precursor of RE. II. 28b 20% RE. II 2.71 00.5 57.5 75.0 82.5 280 100% SMS 42.0 40.0 03.0 72.5
2812 as compared with Examples 27a, 28a and 280 es- EXAMPLE 33 tablishes the improvements in detergency attainable by Parts the use of the compositions of this invention. Phosphate ester III (nonionic:P O =3:l) 1.0 In the following Table E, soiled 1 x 8" cotton swatches SMS 10 were washed using a typical industrial laundry detergent STPP (sodium tripolyphosphate) 5 formulation containing 20% surfactant, 79.5% SMS and Water 75 0.5% CMC. The washed swatches were subjected to a 59 This a clear soluki n useful a m er and water absorption test by suspending them from a holder the like: L o as pm S pp so that about /z" was immersed in tap water at room EXAMPLE 34 temperature. The time required for the water to rise Parts on the swatch to a predetermined height is shown in Phosphate ester XII (noniOnic:P2O5:2 -7:1) 03 the table. The water absorption rate by capillary aegy- 105 tion is an indication of the amount of residual soil re- Na2CO3 0 maining in the laundered swatch. The more rapid the N s 4 rise the cleaner the swatch. The detergency superiority Na SO 0.5 of the formulation of Example 30, formulated in ac- Water 807 corliance i thus Invention compared with Example This is a clear solution typical of digester solutions 29 is estabhshed by the faster absorption rates shown in in the paper industry, the phosphate ester surfactant func the tabla l tioning further as an aid in reduction of resin content. Tab 9 E In the following examples, the surfactant employed RATE or WATER ABSORPTION is phosphate ester II with a mole ratio of n0nionic:P O of 2.7:1 although it will be understood that other of the Time inseconds above defined phosphate ester surfactants may be sub- Molte stituted Example Surfactant Ratio Nonionic: EXAMPLE 35 niches inches Liquid metal soak cleaner 29 Ngirionie Precursor of RE. 36 78 Surfactant i i 30 P.E. II 2.711 30 72 N OH 6 75 Water 93 This is a clear solution with no decrease in cloud point temperature even after maintenance at a rolling boil for two weeks.
EXAMPLE 36 Powdered metal soak cleaner Parts Surfactant 3 TSP (trisodium phosphate) Sodium carbonate 26 NaOH '61 This composition may be used at dilutions of 1 to 10% or more in water as an immersion type soak cleaner for metal parts such as in electrolytic cleaning of steel prior to electroplating. The concentrate and diluted solutions remain clear and stable at 160 C.
EXAMPLE 37 Liquid steam cleaner Parts Surfactant 5 SMS -20 Sodium xylene sulfonate 12 Water 73-79 EXAMPLE 38 Liquid paint stri per Parts Surfactant 5 NaOH 15 Sodium xylene sulfonate 1-2 Water 78-79 EXAMPLE 39 Liquid white wall tire cleaner Parts Sulfactant 5 TSP 8 SMS 2 Water 85 EXAMPLE 40 Powdered cleaner Parts Surfactant 6 SMS 30 NaOH 64 This is a powder which may be dissolved in water to form a 15 to 20% stable liquid concentrate, or it may be used at about 8 oz. per gallon or the like at temperatures from 120 F. to the boil as a steam cleaner, electrolytic cleaner, immersion type soak cleaner, etc.
EXAMPLE 41 Powdered cleaner Parts Surfactant 0.5 Sodium tetraborate 95.5
This mixture was thoroughly stirred in a sigma-blade mixer and then stored at 120 F. for two Weeks. Another mixture was similarly prepared as a control using as the surfactant the nonionic precursor of this phosphate ester surfactant. At the end of two weeks, the control dusted as much as the sodium tetraborate alone whereas the formulation employing the phosphate ester surfactant was dust free.
EXAMPLE 42 Powdered alkaline dip cleaner Parts Surfactant -1 5 SMS NaOH 20 TSP 20 EXAMPLE 43 Powdered bottle washing compound Parts Surfactant 0.5 Sequestrant (sodium gluconate, polyhydric sugar acids, etc.) 1.5 NaOH 98 EXAMPLE 44 Powdered electrolytic cleaner Parts Surfactant '2 SOS 50 NaOH 28 Sodium carbonate 20 This invention has been disclosed with respect to certain preferred embodiments and various modifications and variations thereof will become obvious to the person skilled in the art. It is to be understood that such modifications and variations are to be included within the spirit and scope of this invention.
We claim:
1. A highly alkaline surface active composition consisting essentially of (1) a mixture of primary and secondary phosphate esters of P 0 with a nonionic surface active agent having the molecular configuration of a condensa- Lion product of at least 1 mole of ethylene oxide, and up to an amount sufficient to provide said agent with about by weight of combined ethylene oxide, with 1 mole of a compound containing about 6 to carbon atoms and a reactive hydrogen atom and selected from the group consisting of phenol, al'kyl phenols, aliphatic alcohols, fatty acids, fatty amines, fatty amides, rosin amines, long chain sulfon'arnides, long chain-substituted aryl sulfonamidcs, and high molecular weight mcrcaptans, in a ratio of 1 mole of P 0 for each 2 to 4.5 hydroxy groups in said nonionic agent, and
(2) an alkaline reacting inorganic alkali metal substance selected from the group consisting of sodium and potassium hydroxides, silicates, tribasic phospirates, polyphosphates, carbonates, borates, sulfides and cyanides,
the amount by weight of component (2) being within the range of 1 part for each 0.002 to 25 parts of component (1) and sufficient to yield an aqueous solution having a pH of more than 12 when the combined concentration of components (1) and (2) in the solution is about 0.3% by weight.
2. A composition as defined in claim 1 in which said alkali metal substance is an alkali metal hydroxide.
3. A composition as defined in claim 1 in which said alkali metal substance is a sodium silicate having a mole ratio of Na O:SiO of about 0.7:1 to 2:1.
4. A composition as defined in claim 1 in which the said ratio is 1 mole of P 0 for each 2 to less than 3 hydroxy groups in said nonionic surface active agent.
5. A composition as defined in claim 1 in which said compound containing at least 6 carbon atoms and a reactive hydrogen atom is an alkyl phenol of at least 10 carbon atoms.
6. A composition as defined in claim 1 in which said compound containing at least 6 carbon atoms and a re active hydrogen atom is an aliphatic alcohol of at least 10 carbon atoms.
7. A composition as defined in claim 1 in the form of a dry particulate mixture.
13 8. An aqueous solution containing a composition as 2,365,215 defined in claim 1. 2,522,447
2,677,700 References Cited in the file of this patent 3,004,056
UNITED STATES PATENTS 6 1,970,578 Schoeller et a1. Aug. 21, 1934 719 445 2,213,477 Steindorfi et a1 Sept. 3, 1940 14 Rhodes Dec. 19, 1944 Harris Sept. 12, 1950 Jackson et a1. May 4, 1954 Nunn et a1 Oct. 10, 1961 FOREIGN PATENTS Great Britain Dec. 1, 1954 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE" OF CORRECTION Patent No 3 ,168 ,478 February 2 1965 Andrew Stefcik e1: ale
It is hereby certified that error appears in the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.
Column 3, line 21, for "hydrophosphorous" read hypophosphorous M column 5 line 32 for "dinoylphenol" read H dinonylphenol column 9 Table D first and. second columns should appear as shown below instead of as in the patent:
Example Detergent 28b 20% P .E. II
28c 100% SMS Signed and sealed this 14th day of January 1969.
(SEAL) Attest:
EDWARD M.PLETCHER,JR. EDWARD J. BRENNER Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents

Claims (1)

1. A HIGHLY ALKALINE SURFACE ACTIVE COMPOSITION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF (1) A MIXTURE OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PHOSPHATE ESTER OF P2O5 WITH A NONIONIC SURFACE ACTIVE AGENT HAVING THE MOLECULAR CONFIGURATION OF A CONDENSATION PRODUCT OF AT LEAST 1 MOLE OF ETHYLENE OXIDE, AND UP TO AN AMOUNT SUFFICIENT TO PROVIDE SAID AGENT WITH ABOUT 95% BY WEIGHT OF COMBINED ETHYLENE OXIDE, WITH 1 MOLE OF A COMPOUND CONTAINING ABOUT 6 TO 150 CARBON ATOMS AND A REACTIVE HYDROGEN ATOM AND SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF PHENOL, ALKYL PHENOLS, ALIPHATIC ALCOHOLS, FATTY ACIDS, FATTY AMINES, FATTY AMIDES, ROSIN AMINES, LONG CHAIN SULFONAMIDES, LONG CHAIN-SUBSTITUTED ARYL SULFONAMIDES, AND HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT MERCAPTANS, IN A RATIO OF 1 MOLE OF P2O5 FOR EACH 2 TO 4.5 HYDROXY GROUPS IN SAID NONIONIC AGENT, AND (2) AN ALKALINE REACTING INORGANIC ALKALI METAL SUBSTANCE SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM HYDROXIDES, SILICATES, TRIBASIC PHOSPHATES, POLYPHOSPHATES, CARBONATES, BORATES, SULFIDES AND CYANIDESA, THE AMOUNT BY WEIGHT OF COMPONENT (2) BEING WITHIN THE RANGE OF 1 PART FOR EACH 0.002 TO 25 PARTS OF COMPONENT (1) AND SUFFICIENT TO YIELD AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION HAVING A PH OF MORE THAN 12 WHEN THE COMBINED CONCENTRATION OF COMPONENTS (1) AND (2) IN THE SOLUTION IS ABOUT 0.3% BY WEIGHT.
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US3346873A (en) * 1962-08-10 1967-10-10 Procter & Gamble Liquid detergent composition containing solubilizing electrolytes
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