US2998296A - Alkaline treatment of polyethylene terephthalate filaments or staple fibers to improve processing in textile machines and filaments produced thereby - Google Patents
Alkaline treatment of polyethylene terephthalate filaments or staple fibers to improve processing in textile machines and filaments produced thereby Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2998296A US2998296A US699153A US69915357A US2998296A US 2998296 A US2998296 A US 2998296A US 699153 A US699153 A US 699153A US 69915357 A US69915357 A US 69915357A US 2998296 A US2998296 A US 2998296A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- filaments
- fibers
- staple fibers
- aqueous solution
- alkali
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 92
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 title claims description 35
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004326 stimulated echo acquisition mode for imaging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 20
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 17
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 13
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000009960 carding Methods 0.000 description 8
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 7
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- 239000003568 Sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 210000001520 comb Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M Sodium oleate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 description 3
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- QZEDXQFZACVDJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dibutylnaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S(O)(=O)=O)=C(CCCC)C(CCCC)=CC2=C1 QZEDXQFZACVDJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000008055 alkyl aryl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical class OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940043237 diethanolamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 159000000011 group IA salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000013966 potassium salts of fatty acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013875 sodium salts of fatty acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N (9Z)-octadecen-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCO ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEORSVTYLWZQJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-nonylphenoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1OCCO IEORSVTYLWZQJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLLVZDVNHNWSDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylidene-3,5-dioxabicyclo[5.2.2]undeca-1(9),7,10-triene-2,6-dione Chemical compound C1(C2=CC=C(C(=O)OC(=C)O1)C=C2)=O LLLVZDVNHNWSDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VBIIFPGSPJYLRR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Stearyltrimethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C VBIIFPGSPJYLRR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009998 heat setting Methods 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000847 nonoxynol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940055577 oleyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCO XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/07—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof
- D06M11/30—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof with oxides of halogens, oxyacids of halogens or their salts, e.g. with perchlorates
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/38—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic System
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/51—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof
- D06M11/53—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof with hydrogen sulfide or its salts; with polysulfides
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/68—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with phosphorus or compounds thereof, e.g. with chlorophosphonic acid or salts thereof
- D06M11/70—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with phosphorus or compounds thereof, e.g. with chlorophosphonic acid or salts thereof with oxides of phosphorus; with hypophosphorous, phosphorous or phosphoric acids or their salts
- D06M11/71—Salts of phosphoric acids
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/77—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof
- D06M11/79—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof with silicon dioxide, silicic acids or their salts
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/80—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with boron or compounds thereof, e.g. borides
- D06M11/82—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with boron or compounds thereof, e.g. borides with boron oxides; with boric, meta- or perboric acids or their salts, e.g. with borax
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
- D06M13/372—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen containing etherified or esterified hydroxy groups ; Polyethers of low molecular weight
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Description
HO(CH OI-l wherein n is an integer sive, 'as described in US. Patent No. 2,465,319. The "commercial type of polyester fiber disclosed in the just referred to. patent is'derived from the polymer of polythrough a spinneret.
drawingoperationor a similar process that orients the "yarn to give it high strength. shrinkage thereof, the filaments are stabilized, or heat set,
' terephthalate to an thereof and to produce noveltyelfects therein. In the thalate were spun into yarn, ning thereof were encountered during the handling of the staple fibers trapped between The present invention relates to the chemical modification of textile fibers and more particularly to improving the processability of polyester staple fibers by means of an alkaline treatment.
The fibers with which the present invention is concerned may be composed in general of fiber-forming polyesters that are chemically reactive with alkaline solutions and include particularly polyalky-lene terephthalates and-a glycol of the series from 2-10, incluprepa'red from terephthalic acid which is meltspun into filaments The filaments are subjected to a ethylene terephthalate,
Additionally, to reduce the as it is also termed, which consists essentially in exposing the filaments to a temperature higher than in subsequent processing or use. The heat setting operation to impart dimension stability to the filaments may be conducted either with aydry or wet heat and is usually required to prevent shrinkage during dyeing of the filaments.
to subject fabric made of polyethylene alkali treatment to improve the hand It is I known known processes the polymeric polyethylene terephthalate is hydrolized to a substantial extent by a relatively strong alkaline solution. In view or the nature of such :treatment, certain physical properties, such as tenacity,
are sacrificedin order to obtain the desired effect.
fibers of polyethylene terephcertain difiiculties in the spin- Heretofore, when staple fibers on the card and in the combing machine. These have a tendency to become lodged or enthe needles ofthe card and the combs of the combing machine to such an extent that only after a comparatively short time these machines do not perform satisfactorily. These processing difliculties, it been found, are particularly objectionable in the processing of fibers from the polyesters mentioned above which have been previously heat set to obtain dimensional stability. Moreover, during winding and twisting of the sliver produced by the carding d especially during operations in which the sliver is exposed to elevated tempera- .tures, as may be thecase during drawing, unduly high stresses are present which often result in breakage of the jthread. The present invention is directed to overcome the .just discussed processing difiiculties of polyester staple fibers.v
An additional advantage of the present invention is 9 that the fibers and threads treated in the present manner have reducedinterfilamentary friction and glide easily along each other.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of improving the processability of polyester staple fibers on the card and in the combing machine without nited States Patent C i Patented Aug. 29, 1961 2 appreciably lowering the physical properties thereof, such as tensile strength.
Another object of the present invention is to provide polyester staple fibers which are characterized by improved processability on the card and in the combing machine.
Still further objects and advantages of the present invention will appear from. the following description and appended claims.
In accordance with the present invention, polyester filaments are first given a treatment in a dilute alkaline solution and thereafter rinsed with water before substantial hydrolysis of the filaments occurs but after sufiicient time has elapsed to chemically modify the surface of the filaments so as to impart therein improved processability when staple fibers thereof are spun into yarn. The treatment with the said alkaline solution may be effected either in a cold condition or at high temperatures, with the rate of the treatment depending upon the temperature, the concentration and the particular alkaline substance employed. Ordinarily, it is preferred to use a temperature of at least 60 C. The alkaline solution may beprepared from alkali-metal hydroxides, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide or trom alkali-metal salts of weak acids. Surface active agents as disclosed hereinbelow may be employed to accelerate the action of the alkaline treatment.
It has been found that when the alkaline solutionv is prepared from an alkali-metal hydroxide, it is necessary to use a relatively weak solution of not more than 1.0% hydroxide by weight and preferably from 02-08% by weight for the preferred treating temperature of at least 60 C. The precise concentration is, of course, dependprepare the alkaline solution from salts of an alkali metal base and a weak inorganic acid. Other salts derived from other inorganic strong bases may be used. In view of their cheapness and availability, salts derived from sodium hydroxide are preferred which include such compounds as sodium borate, sodium carbonate, sodium phosphate, sodium sulfide, sodium silicate and sodium hypochlorite. The concentration of the alkaline-salt solutions is usually higher than solutions containing hydroxide. For the purposes or the present invention when a salt solution is employed, the concentration for best results and economic reasons should generally be between 0.5- 10.0% by W i t The alkaline solution may be applied to the polyester filaments in a variety of ways. For example, staple fibers may be stirred in a b-atchwise manner in a bath ganic solvents suitable for the purpose of the present invention. After the treatment is complete but, of course, before substantial hydrolysis of the polyester fiber or thread occurs, the'treated material is washed free of the unreacted agent in a suitable manner, such as by spraydescribed above with a solution containing one or more bases of an alkali metal, it was surprisingly found that the speed and intensity of the action of the solution may be appreciably increased if, according to the present invention, the treating solution additionally contains at least one anion-active compound. A treating solution containing strong bases and cation-active substances are not suitable since the cation-active substances, it is thought, interact with the polyethylene terephthalate to form a non-polar salt which is soluble with the result that the fibers are undesirably hydrolyzed. Furthermore, it has been found that a treating solution containing strong bases and non-ionics are not satisfactory because the solubility thereof in strong bases is generally small and because soluble non-ionics do not enhance the reaction to a great extent.
Suitable anion-active compounds for use in a solution containing an alkali metal hydroxide include, for example, sodium and potassium salts of fatty acids, alkylaryl-sulfonates, fatty alcohol sulfates and sulfated fatty acid salts of diethanol amine. These surface anion-active compounds may be employed in various concentrations with best results obtainable at a concentration of not more than 1.0% by weight and preferably 0.2-0.5 by weight. Highly satisfactory results are obtained by treating the fibers for not more than ten minutes at 90-100 C. with an aqueous solution made alkaline with an alkali metal hydroxide and containing 0.3% by weight of sodium stearate or sodium oleate. After the polyester materials have been treated according to the present invention, they are washed and dried as described above.
There appears to be a rather significant difference between the use of surface-active agents with an alkali metal base and with a basic salt. In using basic salt, there is no marked difference between the use of cationactive, anion-active or non-ionic substances. However, the anion-active substances are preferred because of economic reasons.
Suitable surface active compounds for use in an alkaline salt solution include for example, quaternary ammonium compounds, (for example lauryl and stearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride), ethoxylated higher primary amines (for example compounds with the general formula wherein x+y is at least 5), salts of single amines and polyamines (for example lauryl amino acetate and stearyl acetyl diethylene amine), ethoxylated fatty acids (for example polyglycol stearate), ethoxylated fatty acid amides (for example stearic acid amido ethoxylate), ethoxylated fatty alcohols (for example lauryl alcohol ethoxylate), ethoxylated higher amines (for example lauryl amino ethoxylate), ethoxylated alkyl phenols (for example nonyl phenol ethoxylate), sodium and potassium salts of fatty acids, alkyl-aryl-sulfonates (for example the sodium salt of dibutyl naphthalene sulfonic acid), fatty alcohol sulfates (for example the sodium salt of oleyl alcohol sulfate) and sulf-ated fatty acid salts of diethanol amine (for example the sodium salt of stearic diethanol amido sulfate).
These surface-active compounds may be used in various concentrations with best results obtained at a con- 4 l centration of 02-08% by weight. Very good results are obtained by treating the polyester fibers or threads for at least two minutes at -95 C. with a 3-6% solution by weight of sodium phosphate which also contains 0.2% by weight of a sulfated secondary alcohol with 12 C-atoms in the molecule and available in the trade under the name Teepol which chemically is a sodium higher alkyl sulfate, a product of the type:
CH.O.SOsNa R1 Furthermore, satisfactory results are obtained by treating the polyester fibers or threads for at least five minutes at 7080 C. with a solution containing 0.2-2.0% by weight of sodium carbonate and about 0.5% by weight of sodium stealrate.
A further understanding of the invention Will be obtained from the following examples which are intended to be illustrative, but not limitative of the present invention, percentages being by weight unless otherwise specified.
Example I An aqueous solution containing 0.3% sodium hydroxide was prepared. Polyethylene terephthalate staple fibers having a denier of 2.9 and a length of mm. were stabilized by the action of steam at C. for a period of 20 minutes. A 25 kg. portion of these stabilized fibers was treated in a vessel filled with the prepared solution, 400 liters thereof being recirculated for 25 minutes at a temperature of 90 C. After this treatment excess hydroxide solution was removed; and the unreacted solution was then removed by rinsing in water. The fibers were dried and finished after the rinsing step according to the usual processes.
Slivers produced from the fibers so treated could be processed in drawing and combing machines without any of the difficulties described in the foregoing. Analysis of the treated fiber revealed that the treatment did not hydrolyze it to an appreciable extent. Slivers produced from fibers which had not been subjected to the alkaline solution treatment in the same manner as set forth immediately above could not be processed satisfactorily in the drawing and combing machines.
Example I] A 25 kg. portion of polyethylene terephthalate staple fibers stabilized by steam at 140 C. for 25 minutes was treated by pressing an aqueous alkaline solution containing 1.0% potassium hydroxide through the fibers for an appropriate period. Afted this treatment, excess hydroxide solution was removed and the unreacted solution was then removed by pressing water through the fibers for 20 minutes. The fibers were dried and finished after the rinsing step according to the usual processes.
Slivers produced from the fibers so treated did not have a tendency to stick to the combs of the combing machines whereas slivers which had not been subjected to the alkaline solution treatment had such a tendency.
Example III An aqueous alkaline solution containing 0.5% sodium hydroxide and 0.3% sodium oleate was prepared. Polyethylene terephthalate staple fibers having a denier of 2.9 and a length of 100 mm. were stabilized by the action of steam at C. for a period of 20 minutes. A 25 kg. portion of these stabilized fibers was treated by pressing the prepared alkaline solution at 90 C. through the fibers for 8 minutes. After this treatment, excess solution was removed and the unreacted solution was then removed by pressing water at 70 C. through the fibers for 25 minutes. Thereafter, the fibers were dried and finished according to the usual processes.
Slivers produced from the fiber so treated did not have a tendency to stick to the combs of the combing machines whereas slivers which had been subjected to the alkaline solution treatment had such a tendency.
Example IV the fibers were dried and finished according to the usual processesw a g The fibers' thus treated could be more satisfactorily processed in the usual carding, drawing and combing machines as compared with fibers not so treated.
7 Example V An aqueous alkaline solution containing 0.5 sodium carbonate and 0.5% sodium stearate was prepared. Polyethylene terephthalate staple fibers having a denier of 2.9 and a length of 100 mm. were stabilized by the action of steam at 135 C. for a period of 20 minutes. A 25 kg. portion of these stabilized fibers was treated in a vessel filled with the prepared alkaline solution, 400 liters thereof being recirculated for 10 minutes at a temperature of 70 C. After this treatment, excess solution was removed and the unreacted solution was then removed by rinsing in water. The fibers were thereafter dried and finished according to the usual processes.
The fibers thus treated could be processed in a combing machine without the processing diificulties encountered when combing the fibers which had not been subjected to the alkaline treatment of this example.
Example VI An aqueous alkaline solution containing 3.0% sodium phosphate and 0.5% sulfated secondary alcohol with 12 C atoms in the molecule and sold under the trade name of Teepol was prepared. A 25 kg. portion of fibers stabilized in Example V was treated by pressing the prepared alkaline solution at 95 C. through the fibers for 5 minutes. After this treatment, excess solution was removed and the unreacted solution was then removed by pressing water at 70 C. through the fibers for 20 minutes. Thereafter, the fibers were dried and finished according to the usual processes.
The fibers thus treated could be processed in the usual drawing and combing machines without the difficulties hereabove described.
Example VII A 25 kg. portion of fibers stabilized in Example V was treated by pressing an aqueous alkaline solution containing 5.0% sodium phosphate at 95 C. through the fibers for 130 minutes. After this treatment, excess solution was removed and the unreacted solution was then removed by pressing water through the fibers. Thereafter, the fibers were dried and finished according to the usual processes.
The fibers thus treated were fully comparable with those obtained in Example VI in their processability during subsequent spinning processes.
Example VIII A 25 kg. portion of fibers stabilized in Example V was treated by pressing an aqueous alkaline solution containing 1.0% sodium stearate at 95 C. through the fibers for 40 minutes. Thereafter, the fibers were rinsed, dried and finished.
The treated fibers exhibited a reduced tendency to stick to the combs of the combing machine ascompared with untreated fibers.
. 6 Example IX A moving bundle of stretched continuous multifilament polyethylene terephthalate threads, the filaments of which had a denier of 2.9 was sprayed in succession with an aqueous alkaline solution containing 5.0% sodium carbonate and 0.5% of the sodium salt of dibutyl naphthalene sulfonic acid at C. and then with hot water at 70 C. After these foregoing treatments, the bundle was directed through a crimping chamber and then cut into staple fibers with a length of mm. Thereafter, these staple fibers were stabilized for 30 minutes at C. with steam. The stabilized fibers were then dried and finished in the usual ways.
The treated fibers could be processed on the card and in the combing machine without the difficulties hereabove described.
While the invention has been described with particular reference to preferred methods of carrying out its practice, other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. It is therefore intended to limit the invention only by the scope of the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. A process for treating polyethylene terephthalate filaments, which consists essentially of the steps of impregnating said filaments with an aqueous solution of a compound selected from the group consisting of alkalimetal hydroxides and alkali-metal salts of weak inorganic acids, the concentration of the alkali-metal hydroxide in the aqueous solution being about 0.2 to 1.0% by weight and the concentration of the alkali-metal salt in the aqueous solution being about 0.5 to 10% by weight, and thereafter removing said aqueous solution before substantial hydrolysis of said filaments occurs but after sufi'icient treatment to impart to said filaments improved processability when said filaments are cut into staple fibers and the staple fibers are processed on carding, drawing and combing machines.
2. The process according to claim 1 wherein the solution is maintained at a temperature of at least 60 C. during treatment.
3. The process according to claim 1 wherein the alkali-metal of the alkali-metal hydroxides is selected from the group consisting of sodium and potassium.
4. The process. according to claim 1 wherein the alkali-metal salt of a weak acid is selected born the group consisting of sodium horate, sodium carbonate, sodium phosphate, sodium sulfide, sodium silicate and sodium hypochlorite.
5. A process for treating heat-stabilized polyethylene terephthalate staple fibers, which consists essentially of the steps of impregnating said staple fibers with an aqueous solution containing about 0.2 to 1% by weight of an alkali-metal hydroxide, and thereafter removing said aqueous solution before substantial hydrolysis of said staple fibers occurs but after sufficient treatment to impart to said staple fibers improved processabili-ty on carding, drawing and combing machines.
6. The process according to claim 5 wherein a surface active anionic wetting agent compound is added to the solution in the amount of 0.2-1.0% by weight.
7. A process for treating heat-stabilized polyethylene terephthalate staple fibers, which consists essentially of the steps of impregnating said staple fibers with an aqueous solution containing about 0.2 to 0.8% by weight of sodium hydroxide at a temperature of 90 to 100 C., and thereafter removing said aqueous solution by rinsing said staple fibers in water before substantial hydrolysis of said staple fibers occurs but after suflicient treatment to impart to said staple fibers improved processability on. the carding, drawing and combing machines.
8. A process for treating heat-stabilized polyethylene terephthalate staple fibers, which consists essentially of the steps of impregnating said staple fibers with an aqueous solution containing 0.2 to 0.5% by weight of sodium hydroxide and about 0.3% by weight of sodium oleate for at most minutes, and thereafter removing said aqueous solution by rinsing said staple fibers in hot water before substantial hydrolysis of said staple fibers occurs but after sufiicient treatment to impart to said filaments improved processability on the carding, drawing and combing machines.
9. A process for treating heat-stabilized polyethylene terephthalate staple fibers, which consists essentially of the steps of impregnating said staple fibers with an aqueous solution containing 0.5 to 10.0% by weight of an alkali-metal salt of a weak inorganic acid, and thereafter removing said aqueous solution before substantial hydrolysis of said staple fibers occurs but after sufiicient treatment to impart to said fibers improved processability on the carding, drawing and combing machines.
10. The process according to claim 9 wherein a surface active anionic wetting agent compound is added to the solution in the amount of 0.28.0% by Weight.
11. A process for treating polyethylene terephthalate filaments, which consists essentially of the steps of impregnating said filaments with an aqueous solution of a compound selected from the group consisting of alkalimetal hydroxides and alkali-metal salts of weak inorganic acids, the concentration of the alkali-metal hydroxide in the "aqueous solution being about 0.2 to 1.0% by weight and the concentration of the alkali-metal salt in the aqueous solution being about 0.5 to 10% by weight, removing said aqueous solution before substantial hydrolysis Olf said filaments occurs but after sufiicient treatment to impart to said filaments improved processability when said filaments are cut into staple fibers and the staple fibers are processed on carding, drawing and combing machines, cutting the so-treated filaments into staple fibers, and thereafter heat-stabilizing the staple fibers by treating the same for minutes at C. with steam. 12. A filament produced by the process of claim 1.
Du Pont: Textile Fibers, Technical Information, Bulletin D-76, March 1956.
Claims (1)
11. A PROCESS FOR TREATING POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE FILAMENTS, WHICH CONSISTS ESSENTIALLY OF THE STEPS OF IMPREGNATING SAID FILAMENTS WITH AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF A COMPOUND SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ALKALIMETAL HYDROXIDES AND ALKALI-METAL SALTS OF WEAK INORGANIC ACIDS, THE CONCENTRATION OF THE ALKALI-METAL HYDROXIDE IN THE AQUEOUS SOLUTION BEING ABOUT 0.2 TO 1.0% BY WEIGHT AND THE CONCENTRATION OF THE ALKALI-METAL SALT IN THE AQUEOUS SOLUTION BEING ABOUT 0.5 TO 10% BY WEIGHT, RE MOVING SAID AQUEOUS SOLUTION BEFORE SUBSTANTIAL HYDROLYSIS OF SAID FILAMENTS OCCURS BUT AFTER SUFFICIENT TREATMENT TO IMPART TO SAID FILAMENTS IMPROVED PROCESSABILITY WHEN SAID FILAMENTS ARE CUT INTO STAPLE FIBERS AND THE STAPLE FIBERS ARE PROCESSED ON CARDING, DRAWING AND COMBING MACHINES, CUTTING THE SO-TREATED FILAMENTS INTO STAPLE FIBERS, AND THEREAFTER HEAT-STABILIZING THE STAPLE FIBERS BY TREATING THE SAME FOR 30 MINUTES AT 140*C. WITH STEAM.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL212981 | 1956-12-14 | ||
NL853179X | 1957-01-15 |
Publications (1)
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US2998296A true US2998296A (en) | 1961-08-29 |
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US699153A Expired - Lifetime US2998296A (en) | 1956-12-14 | 1957-11-27 | Alkaline treatment of polyethylene terephthalate filaments or staple fibers to improve processing in textile machines and filaments produced thereby |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US2998296A (en) |
BE (2) | BE563206A (en) |
FR (2) | FR1189299A (en) |
GB (2) | GB859220A (en) |
NL (5) | NL97137C (en) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3110617A (en) * | 1960-05-20 | 1963-11-12 | Du Pont | Textile |
US3135577A (en) * | 1959-12-22 | 1964-06-02 | Ici Ltd | Process for improving the handle of polyethylene terephthalate fabrics with an alkali metal hydroxide and specific quaternary ammonium salts |
US3245826A (en) * | 1963-06-12 | 1966-04-12 | Clevite Corp | Magnetic recording medium and method of manufacture |
US3400187A (en) * | 1964-02-25 | 1968-09-03 | Fiber Industries Inc | Method of treating polyester structures with polyalkylene glycol and a metal hyderoxide |
US3900618A (en) * | 1973-12-13 | 1975-08-19 | American Cyanamid Co | Process for reducing pilling tendencies of acrylic fibers and fiber products thereof |
US3948831A (en) * | 1969-11-14 | 1976-04-06 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Dyeability of polyester textile fiber |
US4008044A (en) * | 1975-06-03 | 1977-02-15 | J. P. Stevens & Co., Inc. | Treatment of polyester textiles to improve soil release and wettability properties |
US4758242A (en) * | 1984-02-24 | 1988-07-19 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Method for treating polyester fibers having melt anistrophy |
US4808188A (en) * | 1987-09-16 | 1989-02-28 | Ledford W Troy | Polyester fibers, yarns and fabrics with enhanced hydrophilicity and method of producing same with borohydride anions and lithium cations |
US5616683A (en) * | 1993-01-13 | 1997-04-01 | Hoechst Ag | Process for maintaining of improving the mechanical properties of fibers of aromatic copolyamides in alkaline media and shaped articles containing such fibers |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4668454A (en) * | 1985-06-12 | 1987-05-26 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Heat-strengthening process |
US4721587A (en) * | 1985-06-12 | 1988-01-26 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process of making heat-strengthened yarn |
US5145622A (en) * | 1986-11-21 | 1992-09-08 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Improvements in process for preparing water-dispersible polyester fiber |
US4747955A (en) * | 1987-04-13 | 1988-05-31 | The Graver Company | Purification of liquids with treated polyester fibers |
US5069847A (en) * | 1988-07-28 | 1991-12-03 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Improvements in process for preparing spun yarns |
US5069845A (en) * | 1988-07-28 | 1991-12-03 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Improvements in process for preparing spin-oriented feed yarns |
US5069846A (en) * | 1988-07-28 | 1991-12-03 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for preparing drawn filament yarns |
US5069844A (en) * | 1988-07-28 | 1991-12-03 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Improvements in process for preparing crystalline spin-oriented filaments |
US5088140A (en) * | 1988-07-28 | 1992-02-18 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Pillows of polyester fiberfill |
WO2011057595A1 (en) | 2009-11-10 | 2011-05-19 | Buttchereit Klaus B | Compound fertilizer |
CN107653530B (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2023-08-11 | 深圳恒锋资源股份有限公司 | Production process and production system of superfine denier regenerated fiber high count yarn |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2757064A (en) * | 1953-04-16 | 1956-07-31 | Du Pont | Polyester fibers dyed with anthraquinone dyes |
-
0
- NL NL213575D patent/NL213575A/xx unknown
- BE BE562770D patent/BE562770A/xx unknown
- NL NL212981D patent/NL212981A/xx unknown
- BE BE563206D patent/BE563206A/xx unknown
- NL NL111496D patent/NL111496C/xx active
- NL NL100459D patent/NL100459C/xx active
- NL NL97137D patent/NL97137C/xx active
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1957
- 1957-11-27 US US699153A patent/US2998296A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1957-11-29 GB GB37313/57A patent/GB859220A/en not_active Expired
- 1957-12-11 FR FR1189299D patent/FR1189299A/en not_active Expired
- 1957-12-20 GB GB39725/57A patent/GB853179A/en not_active Expired
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1958
- 1958-01-13 FR FR1189733D patent/FR1189733A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2757064A (en) * | 1953-04-16 | 1956-07-31 | Du Pont | Polyester fibers dyed with anthraquinone dyes |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3135577A (en) * | 1959-12-22 | 1964-06-02 | Ici Ltd | Process for improving the handle of polyethylene terephthalate fabrics with an alkali metal hydroxide and specific quaternary ammonium salts |
US3110617A (en) * | 1960-05-20 | 1963-11-12 | Du Pont | Textile |
US3245826A (en) * | 1963-06-12 | 1966-04-12 | Clevite Corp | Magnetic recording medium and method of manufacture |
US3400187A (en) * | 1964-02-25 | 1968-09-03 | Fiber Industries Inc | Method of treating polyester structures with polyalkylene glycol and a metal hyderoxide |
US3948831A (en) * | 1969-11-14 | 1976-04-06 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Dyeability of polyester textile fiber |
US3900618A (en) * | 1973-12-13 | 1975-08-19 | American Cyanamid Co | Process for reducing pilling tendencies of acrylic fibers and fiber products thereof |
US4008044A (en) * | 1975-06-03 | 1977-02-15 | J. P. Stevens & Co., Inc. | Treatment of polyester textiles to improve soil release and wettability properties |
US4758242A (en) * | 1984-02-24 | 1988-07-19 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Method for treating polyester fibers having melt anistrophy |
US4808188A (en) * | 1987-09-16 | 1989-02-28 | Ledford W Troy | Polyester fibers, yarns and fabrics with enhanced hydrophilicity and method of producing same with borohydride anions and lithium cations |
US5616683A (en) * | 1993-01-13 | 1997-04-01 | Hoechst Ag | Process for maintaining of improving the mechanical properties of fibers of aromatic copolyamides in alkaline media and shaped articles containing such fibers |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE562770A (en) | |
FR1189733A (en) | 1959-10-06 |
GB853179A (en) | 1960-11-02 |
BE563206A (en) | |
NL97137C (en) | |
GB859220A (en) | 1961-01-18 |
NL213575A (en) | |
NL100459C (en) | |
NL212981A (en) | |
FR1189299A (en) | 1959-10-01 |
NL111496C (en) |
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