US2728342A - Hollow filling and/or transfusion needle - Google Patents

Hollow filling and/or transfusion needle Download PDF

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Publication number
US2728342A
US2728342A US281506A US28150652A US2728342A US 2728342 A US2728342 A US 2728342A US 281506 A US281506 A US 281506A US 28150652 A US28150652 A US 28150652A US 2728342 A US2728342 A US 2728342A
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Prior art keywords
needle
stopper
rubber
filling
length
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Expired - Lifetime
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US281506A
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Leo J Novak
Marion D Ford
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Commonwealth Engineering Company of Ohio
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Commonwealth Engineering Company of Ohio
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/14Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
    • A61M5/162Needle sets, i.e. connections by puncture between reservoir and tube ; Connections between reservoir and tube

Definitions

  • Elihis invention relates to the filling and emptying of containers useful in tthe .artof, transfusion -.ofxsterile ma- :terialssuchr-as bloodrplasrna, blood, and -blood volume ex- ;ipamiers. "More particularly, the invention relates to -the shallow needles :useful in the process.
  • rzsterile. materials to betransported are normally stored isterile containers and are secured and permanently :sealedwith a highquality thickrubber stopper to' prevent ingressof .air to the bottle.
  • a hollow needle having a very sharp point onone end thereof is passed through the-stopper, While the other exposed end of the hollow needle is secured to the apparatus to which the material-is tobe transferred.
  • A-prirne difficulty in the filling cf'these bottles' has ibeen that 'rubber particles are dislodged from the body of 'the rubber stopper as the needle passes 'therethrough and these particles find theirway into such a circumstance occurs, whichis not infrequent, it 'is necessarytodiscard the contaminated material.
  • the hollow needle should preferably only enter the rubber body to an extent sufiicient to insure that vacuum conditions are maintained, and accordingly it is another object of this invention to provide a new method for the filling of the bottles.
  • the needle of invention as noted should have a particularly long cutting edge and the cutting edge should form with the shank of the needle a very small angle, not greater than 12 degrees, and preferably not lower than 4 degrees. An angle of about 7 to 8 degrees has been found most suitable for the general purposes of this invention.
  • Figures 1 and la are front elevational the sterile liquid.
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view illustrating 'the needleof invention when it is passed through the stopper ofithe bottle referred to hereinbefore;
  • Figure 3 isa view ta'ken on line 3-3 of FigureZ.
  • Figure 4 is a-sohernatic view illustrating the apparatus for the filling of the bottles.
  • the needleof invention is illustrated in- Figures 1 and la wherein the hollow needle '21 is providedwith the usual stepped portions 22, 23 and 24 and an upper'portion 25, while the. cylindrical shank portion zd-isicutawayas at 27 in Figure l-a to provide a cutawayportioncomprising long'cutting edges 2'1", 2-9 tapering inwardly and-downwardly from the hollow cyl-indrical shank'portion to -a common piercing point, and a 'full length portion lying betweenthe edges and in the 'same plane ast'he wall of the cylindrical portion of which it is a continuation. NumeraP-ZS indicates the piercing pointof the needle.
  • the optimum depth of penetration of the needle is approximately one-halt" the thickness of the stopper. With very thick stoppers the depth of penetration may, without deleterious effect, be increased if the cutting angle of the needle is maintained between about 4 to about 12. Smaller angles than about 4 weaken a steel needle to such an extent that clean passage through the rubber is difficult while materially large angles do not provide the required cutting length and dislodgment of rubber particles results.
  • the depth of penetration of the needle should be such that at least .2 of the thickness of the stopper is penetrated by the completely cylindrical needle portion, a lower limit which prevails for soft rubber.
  • a limit which prevails for normally resilient rubbers For thicker stoppers not more than .8 of the thickness of the stopper should be penetrated by the completely cylindrical portion, a limit which prevails for normally resilient rubbers.
  • the length of the shank portion having the cutting edges must be of lesser length than a stopper with which it is associated, and preferably is not longer than 80% of the stopper thickness; the minimum cutting edge length which a needle may have would be determined by the requirement that the angle formed between the cutting edge portion and the full length wall portion of the needle be between about 4 to l2"; where the stopper thickness and material are such as to permit it a smaller angle than 4 may be used, but extreme care must then be taken to avoid bending of the needle as abrasion of the rubber well would result therefrom.
  • the preferable form of the upper closed shank portion is a circle while the lower shank portion is in cross-section preferably a series of superposed minor circular arcs progressively decreasing in peripheral length and terminating in a needle point.
  • the rubber stoppers used in the art are not made of one component but have a central vertically extending portion of soft rubber surrounded by a peripheral portion of harder material. In such a case the above limitations apply to the central portion of rubber which is better adapted to pass the needle.
  • the needle diameter is not a critical factor but it is to be noted that for most commercial purposes the useful diameters lie between about 5 to ,4; inch.
  • FIG. 4 a structure for the filling of the bottles and it will be noted that there is indicated generally at 300 a source of liquid material which flows through a rubber line 301, which flow may be shut off by stopcock 302.
  • a source of liquid material which flows through a rubber line 301, which flow may be shut off by stopcock 302.
  • the upper portion 25 is secured into the lower portion of line 301 while the stopcock 302 is closed.
  • the steel needle is then passed through the rubber stopper 200 as indicated in Figure 5, the stopcock 302 opened and the liquid from source 300 flows into bottle 201.
  • the stopcock 302 Upon completion of the operation of filling stopcock 302 is closed and the needle 21 is withdrawn from the stopper 200 4 in thebottle 201 and the stopper 200 substantially reseals itself.
  • the stopper 200 may have additional sealing material provided therefor.

Description

Dec. 27, 1955 L. J. NOVAK ET AL 2,728,342
HOLLOW FILLING AND/OR TRANSFUSION NEEDLE Filed April 10, 1952 FIG-la FIG-l I wi l" INVENTORS I I MW LEO J. NOVAK MARION 0. FORD ATTORNEYS FIG- 4 United States Patent HOLLOW FILLING AND/OR TRANSFUSIGN NEEDLE Leo J. Novak and Marion D. Ford, Daytonpflhio, as-
{signoss nto .rTlle rfiCommonwealth Engineering :Company v--.ef Qhio, :Daytou, Ohio, a corporation oi Ohio Application April '10, 1952, Serial N0.28.1,'5il6 Claims. '(Cl. .-128-,-221) Elihis invention :relates to the filling and emptying of containers useful in tthe .artof, transfusion -.ofxsterile ma- :terialssuchr-as bloodrplasrna, blood, and -blood volume ex- ;ipamiers. "More particularly, the invention relates to -the shallow needles :useful in the process.
rzsterile. materials to betransported are normally stored isterile containers and are secured and permanently :sealedwith a highquality thickrubber stopper to' prevent ingressof .air to the bottle. To withdraw liquid from such a .c-ontainer a hollow needle having a very sharp point onone end thereof is passed through the-stopper, While the other exposed end of the hollow needle is secured to the apparatus to which the material-is tobe transferred.
In the filling of this type of'bottle it"is customary'comrnercialpractice for one manufacturer to sterilize, evacuateand-seal the-bottle with a rubber cap and-forward it -tot he'producer of the liquid'rnaterial for the'filling of the bot't les. when suchbottles are to be filled the outer end o'f the tneedle'is secured to the source otliquid which'is "to be placed in the bottle and the sharpened needle-cud is -then -passed through the rubber'stopper and the-liquid forced into the evacuated container. After filling the needle is withdrawn and the "high quality rubberstopper closes over the small opening caused by the entrance of 'the needle, again sealing the bottle. Where required-addi- "t-ional' sealing 'meansrnay be applied to'theopening'in-the rubber.
A-prirne difficulty in the filling cf'these bottles'has ibeen that 'rubber particles are dislodged from the body of 'the rubber stopper as the needle passes 'therethrough and these particles find theirway into such a circumstance occurs, whichis not infrequent, it 'is necessarytodiscard the contaminated material.
It has now been found that-if a needle is provided having a long cutting edge and a relatively small bearing surface in-contaetwitlrthe body of rubber asrthenieedle passes therethrough; that the-possibility of rubberpatiticles entering the :sterilizedrnaterial"is substantially eliminated, and itis accordingly a primary object'oithis invent'ionito provide a hollow needle having these characteristics.
It has also been found that it is particularly desirable in the filling of bottles that the hollow needle should preferably only enter the rubber body to an extent sufiicient to insure that vacuum conditions are maintained, and accordingly it is another object of this invention to provide a new method for the filling of the bottles.
The needle of invention as noted should have a particularly long cutting edge and the cutting edge should form with the shank of the needle a very small angle, not greater than 12 degrees, and preferably not lower than 4 degrees. An angle of about 7 to 8 degrees has been found most suitable for the general purposes of this invention.
The invention will be more fully understood by reference to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings wherein:
Figures 1 and la, respectively, are front elevational the sterile liquid. When 2,728,342 Batented Dec. 27, 1955 ..:2 andside-elevational views illustrating the-needle of invention;
Figure 2 is a sectional view illustrating 'the needleof invention when it is passed through the stopper ofithe bottle referred to hereinbefore;
Figure 3 isa view ta'ken on line 3-3 of FigureZ; and
Figure 4 is a-sohernatic view illustrating the apparatus for the filling of the bottles.
The needleof invention is illustrated in-Figures 1 and la wherein the hollow needle '21 is providedwith the usual stepped portions 22, 23 and 24 and an upper'portion 25, while the. cylindrical shank portion zd-isicutawayas at 27 in Figure l-a to provide a cutawayportioncomprising long'cutting edges 2'1", 2-9 tapering inwardly and-downwardly from the hollow cyl-indrical shank'portion to -a common piercing point, and a 'full length portion lying betweenthe edges and in the 'same plane ast'he wall of the cylindrical portion of which it is a continuation. NumeraP-ZS indicates the piercing pointof the needle.
As may be clearly seenfrom-Figure 2, *when the needle having a shank 26 ispassed through a rubber stopper, cutting of the rubberwill take place substantially over the complete length of 'the passage and very little frictional resistance willoccur. The cutting of 'therubber 'by'the'e'dges 27, 29evidently permits the rubber internally of the stopper to separate cleanly and due toits-naturzil resilience --to flow arountbthe edges 27, '29 and partially into theho'llowchan-nel 320f the needle 21. Thisla'tter arrangementis most clearly seen in 'Figure 3.
Since "the portion 30 of-therubber -which extends into the channel 32 has not *been subjected .to any scraping action whatsoever the liquid as it courses through-the channel 32 will 'not dislodge particles'a-nd accordingly the-liquid in the bottle-willbe-free of such rubbermatcrial. While the upper cylinder portion of the-needle 21 does, as indicated at 34 in Figure 5, enter'the'ru'bber stopper, as discussed 'more particularly hereinafter, and accordingly -niight be expected to engage in some dislodgmentof particles, such has not been found to be the fact.
It will be noted in this connection that'the'tot-al length of the cutting edges27, 29, which tapcr-inwar'dly and downwardly from the hollow circular portion of 'the shank to 'a common piercing-point as indicated in Pigure '2 is about of the thickness 'of'th'e stopper and the total length of-"the upper and lower shank portions is substantially-the thickness "of the stopper, theexteut to which the completely cylindrical portion 2'6 enters the stopper being substantially equal in length to the distancewhich the needleshan'kah penetrates belowthe stopper into 'the -bot'tle. 'Under this condition repeated experiments-have established that substantially no rubber particles are dislodged.
-In *this connection it -should'=be noted that thethick- *ness *of the rubber *stopperand the needle length are related and that the resilience and abrasion resistance of the rubber of the stopper are factors.
When using stoppers of commerce having normal. resilience, that is, those which will readily engage a bottle in air-tight relation, the optimum depth of penetration of the needle is approximately one-halt" the thickness of the stopper. With very thick stoppers the depth of penetration may, without deleterious effect, be increased if the cutting angle of the needle is maintained between about 4 to about 12. Smaller angles than about 4 weaken a steel needle to such an extent that clean passage through the rubber is difficult while materially large angles do not provide the required cutting length and dislodgment of rubber particles results.
When using stoppers of very soft rubber, which abrade more easily, it is desirable that the needle penetrate somewhat less than half the stopper thickness and the resistance of soft rubber is balanced by the higher resilience thereof.
Summarizing these factors it has been found that the depth of penetration of the needle should be such that at least .2 of the thickness of the stopper is penetrated by the completely cylindrical needle portion, a lower limit which prevails for soft rubber. For thicker stoppers not more than .8 of the thickness of the stopper should be penetrated by the completely cylindrical portion, a limit which prevails for normally resilient rubbers.
Accordingly it is clear that the length of the shank portion having the cutting edges must be of lesser length than a stopper with which it is associated, and preferably is not longer than 80% of the stopper thickness; the minimum cutting edge length which a needle may have would be determined by the requirement that the angle formed between the cutting edge portion and the full length wall portion of the needle be between about 4 to l2"; where the stopper thickness and material are such as to permit it a smaller angle than 4 may be used, but extreme care must then be taken to avoid bending of the needle as abrasion of the rubber well would result therefrom.
Also the preferable form of the upper closed shank portion is a circle while the lower shank portion is in cross-section preferably a series of superposed minor circular arcs progressively decreasing in peripheral length and terminating in a needle point.
In many instances the rubber stoppers used in the art are not made of one component but have a central vertically extending portion of soft rubber surrounded by a peripheral portion of harder material. In such a case the above limitations apply to the central portion of rubber which is better adapted to pass the needle.
With the needle structure noted the needle diameter is not a critical factor but it is to be noted that for most commercial purposes the useful diameters lie between about 5 to ,4; inch.
In order to completely illustrate the invention there is shown in Figure 4 a structure for the filling of the bottles and it will be noted that there is indicated generally at 300 a source of liquid material which flows through a rubber line 301, which flow may be shut off by stopcock 302. In the use of the stainless steel needle in connection with this source of supply the upper portion 25 is secured into the lower portion of line 301 while the stopcock 302 is closed. The steel needle is then passed through the rubber stopper 200 as indicated in Figure 5, the stopcock 302 opened and the liquid from source 300 flows into bottle 201. Upon completion of the operation of filling stopcock 302 is closed and the needle 21 is withdrawn from the stopper 200 4 in thebottle 201 and the stopper 200 substantially reseals itself. In given instances as where a needle has been used which is not quite sharp the stopper 200 may have additional sealing material provided therefor.
It will be understood that this invention is susceptible to modification in order to adopt it to dilferent usages and conditions and accordingly, it is desired to .compre-' hend such modifications within this invention as may fall within the scope of the appended claims.
We claim:
1. In combination, a resilient stopper for a container and a hollow needle disposed in the stopper for introducing liquid into the container through the stopper, said needle having an upper shank portion the crosssection of which is circular throughout and a lower shank portion integral therewith the progressive crosssections of which are superposed minor circular arcs of progressively decreasing peripheral lengths terminating in a needle point, the upper and lower shank portions having a common wall portion and the extremities of the arcs forming cutting edges which lie in the same plane throughout their entire length and form an angle of 4 to 12 with said wall portion, the relative lengths of the upper and lower shank portions of the needle being such that the juncture therebetween is enclosed by the stopper at about the center of the thickness thereof and the distance to which the uper shank portion extends into the stopper is substantially equal to the distance to which the lower shank portion extends below the stopper into the container. I
2. In combination, a resilient stopper for a container and a hollow needle disposed in the stopper for introducing liquid into the container through the stopper, said needle having upper and lower shank portions, the upper shank portion having a circular cross-section throughout and the lower shank portion having a cross-section which is an open curve progressively decreasing in peripheral length to a sharp point from the juncture of the upper and lower shanks, the upper and lower shanks having a common wall portion and the open curve being defined by opposed cutting edges which lie in the same plane throughout their entire length and form an angle of 4 to 12 with said wall portion, the relative lengths of the upper and lower shank portions of the needle being such that the juncture therebetween is enclosed by the stopper at about the center of the thickness thereof and the distance to which the upper shank portion extends into the stopper is substantially equal to the distance to which the lower shank portion extends below the stopper into the container.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,168,270 Paisley et al. Aug. 1, 1939 2,205,964 Taylor June 25, 1940 2,409,979 Huber Oct. 22, 1946 2,560,162 Ferguson July 10, 1951 2,601,580 Yanus June 24, 1952
US281506A 1952-04-10 1952-04-10 Hollow filling and/or transfusion needle Expired - Lifetime US2728342A (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2168270A (en) * 1936-11-21 1939-08-01 Nat Drug Co Hypodermic-injection apparatus
US2205964A (en) * 1939-04-27 1940-06-25 Taylor William Robert Sharpening device
US2409979A (en) * 1946-03-14 1946-10-22 Ralph L Huber Hypodermic needle
US2560162A (en) * 1950-02-10 1951-07-10 Becton Dickinson Co Needle structure
US2601580A (en) * 1951-01-24 1952-06-24 Bronislow J Yanus Hypodermic needle

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2168270A (en) * 1936-11-21 1939-08-01 Nat Drug Co Hypodermic-injection apparatus
US2205964A (en) * 1939-04-27 1940-06-25 Taylor William Robert Sharpening device
US2409979A (en) * 1946-03-14 1946-10-22 Ralph L Huber Hypodermic needle
US2560162A (en) * 1950-02-10 1951-07-10 Becton Dickinson Co Needle structure
US2601580A (en) * 1951-01-24 1952-06-24 Bronislow J Yanus Hypodermic needle

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