US2028091A - Esters of sulphodicarboxylic acids - Google Patents

Esters of sulphodicarboxylic acids Download PDF

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US2028091A
US2028091A US682629A US68262933A US2028091A US 2028091 A US2028091 A US 2028091A US 682629 A US682629 A US 682629A US 68262933 A US68262933 A US 68262933A US 2028091 A US2028091 A US 2028091A
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Alphons O Jaeger
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Wyeth Holdings LLC
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American Cyanamid Co
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C309/00Sulfonic acids; Halides, esters, or anhydrides thereof
    • C07C309/01Sulfonic acids
    • C07C309/02Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C309/03Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
    • C07C309/17Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton containing carboxyl groups bound to the carbon skeleton
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/28Sulfonation products derived from fatty acids or their derivatives, e.g. esters, amides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/044Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/46Textile oils
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/015Dispersions of solid lubricants
    • C10N2050/02Dispersions of solid lubricants dissolved or suspended in a carrier which subsequently evaporates to leave a lubricant coating
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/10Semi-solids; greasy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S516/00Colloid systems and wetting agents; subcombinations thereof; processes of
    • Y10S516/01Wetting, emulsifying, dispersing, or stabilizing agents
    • Y10S516/03Organic sulfoxy compound containing
    • Y10S516/04Protein or carboxylic compound containing

Definitions

  • This invention relates to new esters of aliphatic sulphodicarboxylic acids and to a new method of producing such esters.
  • Esters of sulpho saturated and unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as, for example, mono and disulphosuccinic, sulphochlorsuccinic,
  • esters particularly in the form of their alkali' forming metal salts, are of great importance in industry by'rea- 1 son of their extraordinary wettingpqwers in various aqueous and organic solutions emulsions or suspensions. They .are also of importance as detergents, emulsifying agents, and the like.
  • esters of the present invention A list of a few typical uses for the esters of the present invention are the following: emulsifying agents; aids in carbonizing; washing agents;
  • dye assistants dispersing agents in making emulsions and dispersions of various chemicals, such as emulsions of hydrocarbons of various groups of the aliphatic and aromatic series; terpene emulsions; wetting compositions in emulsified form; dispersing agents in making emulsified germicides; color lakes; dye preparations boring oil; drilling oils; emulsions of various animal and vegetable fats and oils; greasing compositions in emulsified form; lubricating compositions containing vegetable or animal fats and oils; solvents for fats in emulsified form; wetting compositions containing oils in emulsified form; wire-drawing oils-in emulsified form; printing inks; writing inks; insecticidal preparations in emulsified'form; emulsified dressing compositions containing various substances such as shellac, gums, natural and synthetic resins, fats and oils; emulsified fat liquoring baths; emulsified finishing
  • the esters may be prepared by esterifying the sulpho acids, which acids may be prepared either by sulphonating the unsulphonated saturated acid or by adding a sulphite or bisulphite to the corresponding unsaturated acid or its salts.
  • Another method of producing, the sulpho acid is to treat the halogenated saturated acid with an alkali sulphite preferably under pressure.
  • esters of sulphosuccinic acid This is of particular importance in conjunction with the pro- 5 duction of esters of sulphosuccinic acid because the raw material, maleic and iumaric acids, can be readily obtained in a somewhat crude form as a byproduct from the manufacture of phthalic anhydride, by the catalytic oxidation of naphthalene.
  • the esters of sulphosuccinic acid can be manufactured very cheaply and show extraordinary powers as wetting agents and emulsifying agents and are commercially of prime importance.
  • the preferred process is of special economic value in conjunction with the production of esters of sulphosuccinic acid.
  • esters of the sulphoaliphatic dicarboxylic acids are of the most various types.
  • esters of low molecular alcohols such as methyl and ethyl and propyl alcohols
  • esters of higher molecular alcohols show increasing powers as wetting agents, but in general with a decreasing solubility in water in the form of their alkali-metal salts.
  • the butyl esters show considerable increased wetting powers over the propyl ester and the diamyl esters show extraordinarily high wetting powers and still have excellent solubility in water.
  • amyl esters may be single esters such as normal amyl, isoamyl, or secondary amyl esters; or mixed amyl esters may be obtained by esterifying with the mixture of amyl alcohols obtained by the hydrolysis of halogenated pentane fraction of natural as and sold under the trade name of Pentasol. Even higher wetting power is obtained with esters of the various octyl alcohols, such as, for example 2 ethyl hexyl alcohol and capryl alcohol.
  • Alcohols of still higher molecular weight are of importance as wetting agents and particularly as emulsifying agents where the solubility in water is not of prime importance.
  • Typical examples are, lauryl esters and stearyl esters.
  • the esters may be prepared from the pure alcohols or for most purposes it is sufficient to use the technical grade of mixed alcohols obtained from the reduction of various fats and fatty acid mixtures.
  • ether alcohols are of importance such as, for example, the ethers of ethylene glycol, for instance, the methyl, ethyl, butyl, amyl,
  • esters of diethylene glycol such as the methyl, ethyl or butyl ethers are likewise of importance and produce esters which are valuable wetting agents and detergents.
  • the invention is in no sense limited to esters of aliphatic monohydric alcohols but includes also esters of cyclic alcohols and phenols which are of importance for many purposes. Thus, for example, benzyl esters, esters of phenol, cresols, xylenols, naphthols and the like, are included in the invention.
  • Alicyclic alcohols such as cyclohexanol, methylhexanol, likewise form esters having important and useful properties.
  • Esters of various terpene alcohols are also included, such as borneol, fenchyl alcohols, menthyl alcohols, and the like, can be prepared and are included.
  • Heterocyclic alcohols also form esters with desirable properties.
  • Examples of typical heterocyclic alcohols are furfuryl alcohols, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, and the like. Alcohols of various types may also be used.
  • esters in which two molecules of the same alcohol unite with the carboxyl groups of the dicarboxylic acid, a series of very important esters can be obtained in which one carboxyl group unites with one alcohol and miother carboxyl group unites with a different alcohol.
  • These mixed esters are particularly important where it is desired to obtain some of the valuable wetting and emulsifying-properties of high molecular alcohols, such as, for example,
  • the mixed ethyl-lauryl and methyl-stearyl esters of a sulpho acid possess many of the properties of the dilauryl or distearyl esters but are considerably more soluble in water.
  • mixed esters which can be produced is ular, it should be understood that the invention is in no sense in this particular modificationto mixed esters in which one alcohol is high molecular and the other low.
  • very desirable mixed esters may be obtained in which the two alcohols are or comparable molecular weight.
  • Such esters are, for example, mixed amyloctyl, mixed ethoxy ethylamyl and the like.
  • esters which have desirable properties of two difierent alcohols embodied in the same product.
  • mixed esters of a complex nature are also obtainable, for example by esterifying ethylene oxide or similar alkylene oxides such as propylene or butylene oxide with acids such as maleic acid and then adding the sulpho group or by esterifying the sulphodicarboxylic acid directly with ethylene oxide.
  • esters of the present invention are those with monohydric alcohols such as the ones enumerated above, important esters can also be obtained with polyhydric alcohols.
  • an ester may be obtained with glycerine which is water soluble in the form of its alkali or ammonium salt.
  • Ethylene glycol and other glycols such as propylene and butylene glycol produce new esters having desirable properties, notably high solubility in water.
  • a polyhydric alcohol such as glycerol, glycols, polyglycerols, pentaerythrite, and the like, part of the hydroxyl group only may be united with the sulphodicarboxylic acid.
  • a monoglyceryl ester of sulphosuccinic acid may contain a free hydroxyl group. If desired, this may be esterified with another acid.
  • a further series of mixed esters are obtained when the acid ester of a monohydric alcohol and a sulphodicarboxylic acid is caused to unite with one .or more hydroxyls of a polyhydric alcohol.
  • a large number of these mixed esters can be produced, some of which are resins of various types, and for the most part they show solubility in water in the form of the alkali metal or ammonium salts.
  • esters of polyhydric alcohols which show Instead of esterifying a compound which is' v ticular importance.
  • esters can of course be produced from other compounds which contain hydroxyl groups.
  • ricinoleic acid or castor oil can be esterifled with a sulphodicarboxylic acid to form a further series of esters having very important wetting powers, particularly when the wetting agent has tube used in alkaline solution.
  • esters are, of course, also included in the invention.
  • esters of the present invention are those in which the sulphonic group of the acid is a single sulphonic group. It is, of course, possible to esterify di and polysulpho acids with the production of corresponding di and polysulpho esters, and such esters are of course included 7
  • Most of the commercially useful esters are employed in the form of their alkali metal, usually sodium salts. For some purposes, however, it is undesirable to have an alkali metal present in the compound and very eflectlve products are obtained in the form of salts with ammonia or other amine basis, such as for example, triethanolamine, mono, di or trimethyl or ethyl amine, etc.
  • salts of alkaloids and other organic basiscapable of salts formation with the sulphonic group may be prepared and have the important advantage that they are readily applied in the form of aqueous dispersions because of the high wetting power of the esters of the sulpho acid.
  • esters of the present invention possess two important properties which render their use as wetting agents, detergents or emulsifiers of par-
  • the first is their property of operating in hard water by reason of the great solubility of their calcium and magnesium salts.
  • the second property is their remarkable resistance to acid in which respect they show great superiority tonearly all wetting agents which have been developed up to the present time.
  • esters which can be prepared according to the present invention, only a few are illustrated in the following is described in a specific example as produced by a particular process, this does not limit this ester to production by the illustrated process as, in general, the esters can be produced by any of the alternative methods which have been briefly described and which will be illustrated in greater detail in the specific examples.
  • Example 1 1 mol. of sulphomaleic acid in the form of its monosodium or potassium salt is distilled with mols. of methyl alcohol, a small amount of sulphuric acid being added as an esterification catalyst. The distillate is fractionated under a reflux, water or aqueous methyl alcohol is withdrawn from the system from the bottom of the fractionating column and the operation is continued until a conversion of or higher is obtained. The mixture A is ,then neutralized with caustic soda or, if desired, with sodium carbonate and the excess alcohol is recovered by distillation.
  • the residual aqueous solution is evaporated to.
  • Example 2 1 mol. of normal diamyl maleate having a boiling point from 146 to 148 C. at 2' mms. is mixed with 1.05 mols. of sodium blsulphite and the whole agitated at C. with water in the proportion of 100 parts by weight of water to 256 parts by weight of diamyl maleate.
  • the agita-, tion is carried out under slight pressure to avoid loss of S02 and is continued until a sample is completely soluble in water.
  • the mixture is dried and if required, freed from inorganic salts by dissolving in an organic solvent such as benzene, filtering and evaporating the benzene.
  • the product which is diamyl sulphosuccinate, is a transparent soapy solid which can be ground with some difliculty to a white powder. It is very-soluble in water, benzol, alcohol or gasoline. It is a wetting agent of great power and an excellent detergent particularly because its calcium salt shows almost as much solubility as the sodium salt.
  • Example 3 340 parts of dioctyl fumarate (boiling point to C. at 4 mms.) is prepared by the esteriiication of fumaric acid with 2 ethyl hexanol and is mixed with 109 parts of sodium bisulphite and sufficient water to form a 50% solution. The addition of sodium bisulphiteis carried out as described in Example 2 and the product purified in the same way. The resulting sodium salt of dioctyl sulphosuccinate is a transparent rubbery mass which cannot be ground to a powder. It is soluble in water and the common organic solvents, and shows a wetting power even greater than the diamyl sulphosuccinate.
  • the dioctyl sulphosuccinate may be salted out by any suitable salt such as sodium chloride or sodium sulphate. Some of the salt may be precipitated or retained by the dioctyl succinate and this is unobjectionable since the addition of a certain amount of salt increases the wetting power of this ester.
  • the salt may have no wetting power itself or the salt of another wetting agent such as, for example, the sodium salt of isopropylnaphthalene sulphonic acid may be added. Stitch mixed wetting agents are very useful for certain purposes.
  • the triethanolamine salt can be prepared by reacting with. triethanol amine hydrochloride and is likewise water soluble.
  • Example 4 a 372 parts of the commercial mixed lauryl alcohols are mixed with 242 parts of the disodium salt of sulphosuccinic acid, 50 parts of sulphonic acid and 400 parts of toluene. distilled until approximately 36* parts of water The product is the The mixture is Example 5 340 parts of dicapryl maleate are agitated with 109 parts of sodium bisulphite, dissolved in 100 parts of water until the reaction mixture is soluble in water. Preferably the agitation is under slight pressure and at about 100 C. as in the case of Example 2.
  • the mixture is dried and purified by solution in organic solvents as in Example '2, and the product which is dicapryl sodium sulphosuccinate is a transparent, rubbery substance which is considerably more soluble in water than the dioctylisomers.
  • the corresponding ammonium salt can be readily prepared and is likewise very soluble in water.
  • it may be salted out as is described in Example 3 and the presence of some additional salt improves the wetting power of the ester.
  • Example 6 242 parts of the disodium salt of suphosuccinic acid are mixed with 462 parts of fenchyl alcohol and 500 parts of monochlor-benzene, 50
  • Example 8 Maleic acid is esterified with the butyl ether of ethylene glycol and 386 parts of the ester thus produced are sulphonated with sodium bisulphite as described in Example 2.
  • the product which is the sodium salt of the dibutoxy diethyl eneglycol sulphosuccinate, is very similar to that of Example '7.
  • Example 9 294 parts of crystalline dicyclohexyl glutaconate are produced by esterifying glutaconic acid with cyclohexanol, are mixed with 110 parts of sodium bisulphite as a 50% aqueous solution, the mixture being agitated at 100-110 C. until the whole is water soluble. 'I'hereupon 500 parts of water are added, the mixture heated, filtered and allowed to crystallize. The, resulting cyclohexyl ester of sulphoglutaric acid is quite crystalline, the substance having no definite melting point and is readily soluble in water.
  • Example 10 '248 parts of monosodium salt of sulphoadipic acid are esterified with 324 parts of benzyl alcohol using the procedure described in Example 6 but ,adding only 1 part of sulphuric acid to liberate a small amount of the free sulphonic acid to act as the catalyst.
  • Example 11 282 parts of the diphenyl ester of mesaconic acid (meltingpoint 66-67" C.) which may be obtained by heating mesaconic acid dichloride with sodium phenolate in toluene, are agitated for 24-48 hours with 104-208 parts of sodium bisulphite as a 50% water solution. The agitation preferably takes place under pressure 'at somewhat above 100 C. and is continued until the mixture is completely soluble in water, whereupon toluene is added and the mixture distilled until all the water is removed. The residual toluene is filtered and the toluene evaporated leaving a white solid residue of sodium diphenyl sulphopyrotartrate. The product is readily soluble in water from which it may be crystallized on long standing.
  • Example 12 284 parts of the dimaleic ester of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol are agitated at 100-110 C. with 109 parts of sodium bisulphite in the form of a 50% aqueous solution. The product is then purified as described in Example 2 and is an amorphous white solid possessing no definite melting point, being exceedingly soluble in water and organic solvents. The product is the sodium salt of the ditetrahydrofurfuryl ester of sulphosuccinic acid.
  • Example 13 Sulphosuberic acid is prepared by sulphonating suberic acid, and 276 parts of the monosodium salt are esterified with a methyl isobutyl carbinol. The excess alcohol is distilled off and the product which is the diester of sodium sulphosuberic acid with methyl isobutyl carbinol is a white solid which is very soluble in water.
  • Example 14 326 parts of the disodium salt of sulphosebacic acid is esterified with excess butyl alcohol and slightly more than mol. of sulphuric acid for every molecule of the disodium sulphosebacate.
  • the excess butyl alcohol is distilled oif and the dibutyl sodium sulphosebacate is recovered as a white powder which is soluble in water.
  • Example 15 Distearyl maleate is prepared by esterifying a technical alcohol containing stearyl alcohol as its main constituent with maleic anhydride, the esterification being carried out in a toluene solution.
  • the crude product is recrystallized with benzol, and 124 parts of the ester are heated at 100 C. for 24 hours with 42 parts of sodium bisulphite and 40 parts of water, vigorous agitation being maintained during the heating.
  • the product is then isolated and purified as in Example 2 and is a white, soapy powder, very slightly soluble in water. It constitutes the sodium salt of distearyl sulphosuccinate.
  • Example 16 Maleic acid is esterified with 'oleyl alcohol in the same manner as described in Example 15.
  • Example 2 The sodium salt of dioleyl sulphosuccinate is then isolated as described in Example 2 and is a white soapy powder having a slight solubility in water.
  • Example 17 98 parts of maleic anhydride are heated with 40 parts of ethyl alcohol for about 1 hour, forming the acid ethyl ester of maleic acid. Thereupon 2'70 parts of stearyl alcohol are added together with suflicient sulphuric acid to act as a catalyst. Then 250 parts of toluene are added and the mixture slowly distilled until conversion to the ethyl stearyl maleate is complete. 250 Darts of the 50% water solution of sodium bisulphite are then added and the mixture is agitated at 100 C. until a dried sample is soluble in water.
  • the product which is the sodium salt of ethyl stearyl sulphosuccinate is a white powder showing a moderate solubility in water.
  • the solubility is very much greater than the distearyl ester and the product is usable as a wetting agent for various aqueous dispersions.
  • Example 19 Ethylene oxide and maleic acid are heated together to form a complex ester. 180 parts of this reaction product are agitated at 100 C. with 150 parts of sodium bisulphite. The reaction proceeds rapidly and as soon as it is complete,
  • the ester of sulphosuccinic acid obtained is a glassy mass which is soluble in watenthe solubility depending to some extent on the-character of the ethylene oxide maleic acid reaction product.
  • Example 20 98 parts of maleic anhydride are heated with 130 parts of octyl alcohol at 120 C., producing the acid octyl maleate. 228 parts of this acid ester are then poured into a solution of 126 parts of sodium sulphite in 1000 parts of water and the mixture stirred at 50 C. for some minutes until a clear solution is obtained.
  • This solution may be used as such or it may be evaporated to dryness, a white, amorphous, somewhat sticky product re maining, which is the disodium salt of monooctyl sulphosuccinate. The product is easily soluble in water.
  • Example 21 92 parts of glycerine and 98 parts of maleic anhydride are heated at 120 C. for 2 hours. The mixture is cooled to C. and poured into a solutlon of 104 parts of sodium bisulphite in 200 parts of water. The resulting mixture is then agitated for 2 hours at 80 C..and evaporated to dryness. A brittle, glassy mass which is the sodium salt of glycerol sulphosuccinate is obtained. It can be easily ground to a white powder and is very soluble in water.
  • ammonia bisulphite is used, the corresponding ammonium salt is produced which is equally soluble in water.
  • Example 22 124 parts of ethylene glycol are heated at 120 C. for 2 hours with 98 parts of maleic anhydride and the diglycol maleate so obtained is poured into a solution of 104 parts or sodium bisulphite in 150 parts of water. The mixture is agitated at 60 C. until an acidifiedsample liberates no S02 whereupon the solution is evaporated to dryness and the product may be ground to a. white powder which is exceedingly soluble in water. The product obtained is the sodium salt of diglycol sulphosuccinate.
  • Example 23 184 parts of glycerine" are heated to 120 .C. for 1 hour with 98 parts of maleic anhydride. 204 parts of acetic anhydride are slowly added, the temperature being maintained at 120 C. After all of the anhydride has been added the heating is continued for 2 more hours and then the mixture is cooled at C. whereupon 1 10 parts of sodium bisulphite in 150 parts of water are added and the mixture agitated in a closed vessel at C. for 8 hours, or until the mixture is completely water soluble. Thereupon the mixture is evaporated to dryness and a semitransparent gummy mass is obtained which is readily soluble in water. It is the sodium salt of the glycerine ester of sulphosuccinic and acetic acids.
  • Example 24 92 parts of glycerine and 282 parts of oleic acid are heated to 200 C. for 12 hours. The mixture is cooled to C. and 196 parts of maleic anhydride are added whereupon the heating is maintained for 3 hours and then 400 parts of normal amyl alcohol and A part of sulphuric acid are added. The mixture is distilled until substantially 36 parts of, water have collected in the distillate, at'which time the esteriflcation is complete. The excess amyl alcohol is removed by steam distillation and the residual'oil is agitated at 100 C. for 24 hours with 250 parts-of sodium bisulphite. The solution is then evaporated to dryness and a soft resin is obtained which is readily soluble in water. This would be probably as the following formula:
  • Example 25 88 parts of a primary amyl alcohol at about 100 C. for 2 hours.
  • the acid amyl phthalate obtained is then mixed with 92 parts of glycerine and the mixture heated at -120 C. for four hours.
  • the phthalic anhydride unites with one hydroxyi of the glycerine and the remaining hydroxyls of the glycerine are then esterified with 98 parts of maleic anhydride by heating at 120-140 C. for several hours.
  • 'I'he'ester thus obtained is then sulphonated with 104 parts of sodium bisulphite'as described in previous examples and recovered in the usual manner.
  • the glycerine ester of sulphosuccinic acid and acid amyl phthalate is obtained as a powder and is readily soluble in water.
  • phthalic anhydride other dibasic acids may be used such as succinic acid, chlormaleic acid, tartaric acid and the like.
  • Example 26 184 parts of glycerine are heated with 148 parts of phthalic anhydride at 130 C. for 4 hours. Thereupon 196 parts of maleic anhydride are added in 1000 parts of tetraline. The mixture is slowly distilled until approximately 54 parts of water have been collected inthe distillate. Then the mixture is cooled to 80 C. At this stage mixed phthalic maleic ester of glycerine is ob tained. 208 parts of sodium bisulphite dissolved in 300 parts of water are added and the mixture agitated at 80 C. until a sample is completely water soluble. The tetraline is removed by steam distillation and the aqueous solution remaining filtered and dried, the residue is ground and constitutes a glyceryl phthalate' sulphosuccinate being a white powder very soluble in water.
  • phthalic anhydride monobasic acids such as benzoic acid or benzoylbenzoic ,acid can be employed in which case, of course,
  • Example 28 An ester of maleic acid and castor oil is prepared but instead of using 2 mols. of castor oil only 1 mol. is used. After transformation into the. sulphosuccinate by means of, bisulphite, the product can be sulphonated with sulphuric acid or can be treated with caustic alkali to increaseits water solubility.
  • An ester of an aliphatic dibasie' acid having the formula 5 An ester of an aliphatic dibasic acid having the formula I COOY in which R is an aliphatic carbon chain containing at least one sulphonic group and free from mercapto groups and X is an alcohol or phenol radical and Y is a diiferent alcohol or phenol radical.
  • An ester of an aliphatic dlcarboxylic acid having the following farmula MoSOz-R in which R is a carbon chain freefrom mercapto groups, Me is a base, X is air-alcohol or phenol radical and Y is a different alcohol or phenol radical.
  • a diester of sulphosuccinic acid and an octyl alcohol is provided.
  • a method of producing an ester of a saturated sulphoaliphatic dicarboxylic acid which comprises producing the ester of the corresponding unsaturated aliphatic ,dicarboxylic acid and reacting the ester with a bisulphite.
  • a method of producing an ester of sulphosuccinic acid which comprises subjecting an ester of an acid included in the group consisting of maleic acid and fumaric acid to the action of a bisulphite.

Description

Patented Jam-14, 1936 ESTERS OF SULPHQDIQABBOXYLIC ACIDS Alphons 0. Jaeger, Greentree, Pa., assignor, by mesne assignments, to American Cyanamid & Chemical Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application July 28, v1933, Serial No. 682,629
14 Claims.
This invention relates to new esters of aliphatic sulphodicarboxylic acids and to a new method of producing such esters.
Esters of sulpho saturated and unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as, for example, mono and disulphosuccinic, sulphochlorsuccinic,
sulphoadipic, sulphopyrotartaric, sulphoglutaric,
sulphosuberic, sulphosebacic, sulphomaleio, sulphofumaric, sulphodimethylsuccinic, suphomethylglutaric, sulphopcmelinic, sulphoprypylsuccinic, sulphooctylglutaric, and other sulphonated dicarboxylic acids of the aliphatic series have never been prepared hitherto. These esters, particularly in the form of their alkali' forming metal salts, are of great importance in industry by'rea- 1 son of their extraordinary wettingpqwers in various aqueous and organic solutions emulsions or suspensions. They .are also of importance as detergents, emulsifying agents, and the like.
A list of a few typical uses for the esters of the present invention are the following: emulsifying agents; aids in carbonizing; washing agents;
dye assistants; dispersing agents in making emulsions and dispersions of various chemicals, such as emulsions of hydrocarbons of various groups of the aliphatic and aromatic series; terpene emulsions; wetting compositions in emulsified form; dispersing agents in making emulsified germicides; color lakes; dye preparations boring oil; drilling oils; emulsions of various animal and vegetable fats and oils; greasing compositions in emulsified form; lubricating compositions containing vegetable or animal fats and oils; solvents for fats in emulsified form; wetting compositions containing oils in emulsified form; wire-drawing oils-in emulsified form; printing inks; writing inks; insecticidal preparations in emulsified'form; emulsified dressing compositions containing various substances such as shellac, gums, natural and synthetic resins, fats and oils; emulsified fat liquoring baths; emulsified finishing compositions; emulsified soaking compositions containing neats-foot oil or otheroils to be used as leather fat liquors; emulsified waterproofing compositions; automobile polishes; cleansing compositions containing soaps; compositions for cleansing paint and metal surfaces; degreasing and greasing compositions in emulsified form; detersive and scouring compositions; furniture pol- 0 ishes in emulsified form; metal polishes in emulsified form; scouring compositions for woodwork, linoleum, rugs, and 'the like; shoe creams and polishes in vemulsified form; waterproofing compositions in emulsified form for treating miscellaneous fibrous and other compositions of matter; coating compositions for oilcloth and linoleum; asphaltic paints and varnishes; emulsified paints and varnishes; pigment emulsions;
shellac emulsions; emulsified preparations used for the treatment of paper and pulp products; 5
A sizing compositions in emulsified form containing rosin, casein, starches and the like; waxing com positions in emulsified form; creams in emulsified form; emulsified shampoos; lotions; latherless shaving creams; various emulsified perfumes and 10 cosmetics; emulsions containing petroleum or heavy petroleum distillates; emulsified cutting oils for lathe and screw-press work; kerosene emulsions; naphtha emulsions; soluble greases in emulsified form; soluble oils in emulsified 15 form, for lubricating textile machinery; various emulsified te'xtile oils; rubber compositions in emulsified form; special emulsified preparations used for coating, projecting, decorating and other surface treating of rubber mechandise; hand- 2 cleasing compositions in emulsified form; various emulsified cleansing and securing compositions containing soap; dressing compositions in emulsified form; dispersions used for degreasing and washing raw wool; emulsified preparations for 25 degumming silk; emulsions for soaking silk; emulsified mercerizing baths; special lubricating compositions used in weaving, knitting, warping and winding; emulsions for fire extinguishers; emulsions for the preservation and impregnation of wood; and emulsions for mordanting.
The esters may be prepared by esterifying the sulpho acids, which acids may be prepared either by sulphonating the unsulphonated saturated acid or by adding a sulphite or bisulphite to the corresponding unsaturated acid or its salts. Another method of producing, the sulpho acid is to treat the halogenated saturated acid with an alkali sulphite preferably under pressure.
While the present invention in its broad aspects of new esters as new chemical compounds is not concerned with the particular method by which the esters are prepared, in a more specific aspect an improved process of comparing the esters is included. This process consists in esteri- 5 fying the corresponding unsaturated acid and adding a bisulphite to the ester. This process presents marked advantages over the alternative process of esterifying the already prepared sol pho acid, since the unsaturated acid is practically in all cases more easily esterified and'inthe form of the ester can be readily purified where it is desired to produce a relatively pure product from a crude unsaturated acid. This is of particular importance in conjunction with the pro- 5 duction of esters of sulphosuccinic acid because the raw material, maleic and iumaric acids, can be readily obtained in a somewhat crude form as a byproduct from the manufacture of phthalic anhydride, by the catalytic oxidation of naphthalene. As the esters of sulphosuccinic acid can be manufactured very cheaply and show extraordinary powers as wetting agents and emulsifying agents and are commercially of prime importance. the preferred process is of special economic value in conjunction with the production of esters of sulphosuccinic acid.
The esters of the sulphoaliphatic dicarboxylic acids are of the most various types. Thus, for example, esters of low molecular alcohols such as methyl and ethyl and propyl alcohols, are very soluble in water in the form of their alkali metal salts, and form excellent detergents. Esters of higher molecular alcohols show increasing powers as wetting agents, but in general with a decreasing solubility in water in the form of their alkali-metal salts. Thus'the butyl esters show considerable increased wetting powers over the propyl ester and the diamyl esters show extraordinarily high wetting powers and still have excellent solubility in water. These amyl esters may be single esters such as normal amyl, isoamyl, or secondary amyl esters; or mixed amyl esters may be obtained by esterifying with the mixture of amyl alcohols obtained by the hydrolysis of halogenated pentane fraction of natural as and sold under the trade name of Pentasol. Even higher wetting power is obtained with esters of the various octyl alcohols, such as, for example 2 ethyl hexyl alcohol and capryl alcohol.
Alcohols of still higher molecular weight are of importance as wetting agents and particularly as emulsifying agents where the solubility in water is not of prime importance. Typical examples are, lauryl esters and stearyl esters. The esters may be prepared from the pure alcohols or for most purposes it is sufficient to use the technical grade of mixed alcohols obtained from the reduction of various fats and fatty acid mixtures. I
In addition to the monohydric parafiin alco .hols, various ether alcohols are of importance such as, for example, the ethers of ethylene glycol, for instance, the methyl, ethyl, butyl, amyl,
' ethers, etc., which are readily obtainable in the trade. Ethers of diethylene glycol such as the methyl, ethyl or butyl ethers are likewise of importance and produce esters which are valuable wetting agents and detergents. The invention is in no sense limited to esters of aliphatic monohydric alcohols but includes also esters of cyclic alcohols and phenols which are of importance for many purposes. Thus, for example, benzyl esters, esters of phenol, cresols, xylenols, naphthols and the like, are included in the invention. Alicyclic alcohols such as cyclohexanol, methylhexanol, likewise form esters having important and useful properties. Esters of various terpene alcohols are also included, such as borneol, fenchyl alcohols, menthyl alcohols, and the like, can be prepared and are included.
Heterocyclic alcohols also form esters with desirable properties. Examples of typical heterocyclic alcohols are furfuryl alcohols, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, and the like. Alcohols of various types may also be used.
In addition to the esters in which two molecules of the same alcohol unite with the carboxyl groups of the dicarboxylic acid, a series of very important esters can be obtained in which one carboxyl group unites with one alcohol and miother carboxyl group unites with a different alcohol. These mixed esters are particularly important where it is desired to obtain some of the valuable wetting and emulsifying-properties of high molecular alcohols, such as, for example,
.lauryl and stearyl alcohols, without sacrificing to too great an extent the water solubility of their alkali metal salts. Thus, for example, the mixed ethyl-lauryl and methyl-stearyl esters of a sulpho acid such as sulphosuccinic or sulphoadipic acid possess many of the properties of the dilauryl or distearyl esters but are considerably more soluble in water. Obviously of course, the
' number of mixed esters which can be produced is ular, it should be understood that the invention is in no sense in this particular modificationto mixed esters in which one alcohol is high molecular and the other low. Thus, for example, very desirable mixed esters may be obtained in which the two alcohols are or comparable molecular weight. Such esters are, for example, mixed amyloctyl, mixed ethoxy ethylamyl and the like.
It is thus possible to produce esters which have desirable properties of two difierent alcohols embodied in the same product.
Certain mixed esters of a complex nature are also obtainable, for example by esterifying ethylene oxide or similar alkylene oxides such as propylene or butylene oxide with acids such as maleic acid and then adding the sulpho group or by esterifying the sulphodicarboxylic acid directly with ethylene oxide.
While some of the most important esters of the present invention are those with monohydric alcohols such as the ones enumerated above, important esters can also be obtained with polyhydric alcohols. Thus, for example, an ester may be obtained with glycerine which is water soluble in the form of its alkali or ammonium salt. Ethylene glycol and other glycols such as propylene and butylene glycol produce new esters having desirable properties, notably high solubility in water. Where a polyhydric alcohol is used such as glycerol, glycols, polyglycerols, pentaerythrite, and the like, part of the hydroxyl group only may be united with the sulphodicarboxylic acid. Thus, for example, a monoglyceryl ester of sulphosuccinic acid may contain a free hydroxyl group. If desired, this may be esterified with another acid. A further series of mixed esters are obtained when the acid ester of a monohydric alcohol and a sulphodicarboxylic acid is caused to unite with one .or more hydroxyls of a polyhydric alcohol. A large number of these mixed esters can be produced, some of which are resins of various types, and for the most part they show solubility in water in the form of the alkali metal or ammonium salts.
Such esters of polyhydric alcohols which show Instead of esterifying a compound which is' v ticular importance.
purely a mono or polyhydric alcohol, esters can of course be produced from other compounds which contain hydroxyl groups. Thus, for example, ricinoleic acid or castor oil can be esterifled with a sulphodicarboxylic acid to form a further series of esters having very important wetting powers, particularly when the wetting agent has tube used in alkaline solution. Such esters are, of course, also included in the invention.
The most common esters of the present invention are those in which the sulphonic group of the acid is a single sulphonic group. It is, of course, possible to esterify di and polysulpho acids with the production of corresponding di and polysulpho esters, and such esters are of course included 7 Most of the commercially useful esters are employed in the form of their alkali metal, usually sodium salts. For some purposes, however, it is undesirable to have an alkali metal present in the compound and very eflectlve products are obtained in the form of salts with ammonia or other amine basis, such as for example, triethanolamine, mono, di or trimethyl or ethyl amine, etc. It is also possible to form salts of alkaloids and other organic basiscapable of salts formation with the sulphonic group. Thus, for example,- salts with pyridine, nicotine, cinchona alkaloid and the like may be prepared and have the important advantage that they are readily applied in the form of aqueous dispersions because of the high wetting power of the esters of the sulpho acid. This permits the active organic base to be distributed in an aqueous material instead of a nonaqueous material, and is of importance in aiding the use of nicotineor Pyridine as an insecticide or cinchona alkaloids a's mothproofiing agents since they can be applied in aqueous dispersions instead of solutions in organic material which for some purposes is a more desirable method of application. The application of certain basic dyes in the form of their salts with the sulpho esters is also important and such salts are likewise included.
The esters of the present invention possess two important properties which render their use as wetting agents, detergents or emulsifiers of par- The first is their property of operating in hard water by reason of the great solubility of their calcium and magnesium salts. The second property is their remarkable resistance to acid in which respect they show great superiority tonearly all wetting agents which have been developed up to the present time.
Because of the large number of esters which can be prepared according to the present invention, only a few are illustrated in the following is described in a specific example as produced by a particular process, this does not limit this ester to production by the illustrated process as, in general, the esters can be produced by any of the alternative methods which have been briefly described and which will be illustrated in greater detail in the specific examples.
Example 1 1 mol. of sulphomaleic acid in the form of its monosodium or potassium salt is distilled with mols. of methyl alcohol, a small amount of sulphuric acid being added as an esterification catalyst. The distillate is fractionated under a reflux, water or aqueous methyl alcohol is withdrawn from the system from the bottom of the fractionating column and the operation is continued until a conversion of or higher is obtained. The mixture A is ,then neutralized with caustic soda or, if desired, with sodium carbonate and the excess alcohol is recovered by distillation.
The residual aqueous solution is evaporated to.
dryness and forms a white, rubbery acid having no definite melting point and showing a very great solubility in water. sodium or potassium salt of dimethyl sulphomaleate.
Example 2 1 mol. of normal diamyl maleate having a boiling point from 146 to 148 C. at 2' mms. is mixed with 1.05 mols. of sodium blsulphite and the whole agitated at C. with water in the proportion of 100 parts by weight of water to 256 parts by weight of diamyl maleate. Preferably the agita-, tion is carried out under slight pressure to avoid loss of S02 and is continued until a sample is completely soluble in water. The mixture is dried and if required, freed from inorganic salts by dissolving in an organic solvent such as benzene, filtering and evaporating the benzene. The product, which is diamyl sulphosuccinate, is a transparent soapy solid which can be ground with some difliculty to a white powder. It is very-soluble in water, benzol, alcohol or gasoline. It is a wetting agent of great power and an excellent detergent particularly because its calcium salt shows almost as much solubility as the sodium salt.
Example 3 340 parts of dioctyl fumarate (boiling point to C. at 4 mms.) is prepared by the esteriiication of fumaric acid with 2 ethyl hexanol and is mixed with 109 parts of sodium bisulphite and sufficient water to form a 50% solution. The addition of sodium bisulphiteis carried out as described in Example 2 and the product purified in the same way. The resulting sodium salt of dioctyl sulphosuccinate is a transparent rubbery mass which cannot be ground to a powder. It is soluble in water and the common organic solvents, and shows a wetting power even greater than the diamyl sulphosuccinate. Instead of recovering the dioctyl sulphosuccinate as described in Example 2, it may be salted out by any suitable salt such as sodium chloride or sodium sulphate. Some of the salt may be precipitated or retained by the dioctyl succinate and this is unobjectionable since the addition of a certain amount of salt increases the wetting power of this ester. The salt may have no wetting power itself or the salt of another wetting agent such as, for example, the sodium salt of isopropylnaphthalene sulphonic acid may be added. Stitch mixed wetting agents are very useful for certain purposes.
The triethanolamine salt can be prepared by reacting with. triethanol amine hydrochloride and is likewise water soluble. Similarly saltscan be prepared with pyridine, nicotine, or cinchona alkaloid.
Example 4 a ,372 parts of the commercial mixed lauryl alcohols are mixed with 242 parts of the disodium salt of sulphosuccinic acid, 50 parts of sulphonic acid and 400 parts of toluene. distilled until approximately 36* parts of water The product is the The mixture is Example 5 340 parts of dicapryl maleate are agitated with 109 parts of sodium bisulphite, dissolved in 100 parts of water until the reaction mixture is soluble in water. Preferably the agitation is under slight pressure and at about 100 C. as in the case of Example 2. The mixture is dried and purified by solution in organic solvents as in Example '2, and the product which is dicapryl sodium sulphosuccinate is a transparent, rubbery substance which is considerably more soluble in water than the dioctylisomers. The corresponding ammonium salt can be readily prepared and is likewise very soluble in water. Instead of purifying the dicapryl sulphosuccinate as described in Example 2, it may be salted out as is described in Example 3 and the presence of some additional salt improves the wetting power of the ester.
Example 6 242 parts of the disodium salt of suphosuccinic acid are mixed with 462 parts of fenchyl alcohol and 500 parts of monochlor-benzene, 50
parts of sulphuric acid are added and the mix- 256 parts of the disodium salt of alpha sulphopyrotartaric acid which may be obtained by the action of sodium sulphite on itaconic, citraconic or mesaconic acid are mixed with 270 parts of the ethyl ether of ethylene glycol and suflicient sulphuric acid to combine with the sodium attached to the carboxyl group oi the pyrotartaric acid and to liberate a little free sulphonic acid. The mixture is distilled until esterification is complete, the acid neutralized and the excess ethyl ether of ethylene glycol removed by steam distillation. The residual sludge is then evaporated to dryness and forms a jelly-like mass of sodium diethoxyethyl sulphopyrotartrate. The compound is very soluble in water and shows good wetting powers.
Example 8 Maleic acid is esterified with the butyl ether of ethylene glycol and 386 parts of the ester thus produced are sulphonated with sodium bisulphite as described in Example 2. The product, which is the sodium salt of the dibutoxy diethyl eneglycol sulphosuccinate, is very similar to that of Example '7.
Example 9 294 parts of crystalline dicyclohexyl glutaconate are produced by esterifying glutaconic acid with cyclohexanol, are mixed with 110 parts of sodium bisulphite as a 50% aqueous solution, the mixture being agitated at 100-110 C. until the whole is water soluble. 'I'hereupon 500 parts of water are added, the mixture heated, filtered and allowed to crystallize. The, resulting cyclohexyl ester of sulphoglutaric acid is quite crystalline, the substance having no definite melting point and is readily soluble in water.
Example 10 '248 parts of monosodium salt of sulphoadipic acid are esterified with 324 parts of benzyl alcohol using the procedure described in Example 6 but ,adding only 1 part of sulphuric acid to liberate a small amount of the free sulphonic acid to act as the catalyst. The product after removing any excess alcohol, is the sodium salt of dibenzyl sulphoadipate, being a white powder soluble in water.
' Example 11 282 parts of the diphenyl ester of mesaconic acid (meltingpoint 66-67" C.) which may be obtained by heating mesaconic acid dichloride with sodium phenolate in toluene, are agitated for 24-48 hours with 104-208 parts of sodium bisulphite as a 50% water solution. The agitation preferably takes place under pressure 'at somewhat above 100 C. and is continued until the mixture is completely soluble in water, whereupon toluene is added and the mixture distilled until all the water is removed. The residual toluene is filtered and the toluene evaporated leaving a white solid residue of sodium diphenyl sulphopyrotartrate. The product is readily soluble in water from which it may be crystallized on long standing.
Example 12 284 parts of the dimaleic ester of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol are agitated at 100-110 C. with 109 parts of sodium bisulphite in the form of a 50% aqueous solution. The product is then purified as described in Example 2 and is an amorphous white solid possessing no definite melting point, being exceedingly soluble in water and organic solvents. The product is the sodium salt of the ditetrahydrofurfuryl ester of sulphosuccinic acid.
Example 13 Sulphosuberic acid is prepared by sulphonating suberic acid, and 276 parts of the monosodium salt are esterified with a methyl isobutyl carbinol. The excess alcohol is distilled off and the product which is the diester of sodium sulphosuberic acid with methyl isobutyl carbinol is a white solid which is very soluble in water.
Example 14 326 parts of the disodium salt of sulphosebacic acid is esterified with excess butyl alcohol and slightly more than mol. of sulphuric acid for every molecule of the disodium sulphosebacate. The excess butyl alcohol is distilled oif and the dibutyl sodium sulphosebacate is recovered as a white powder which is soluble in water.
Example 15 Distearyl maleate is prepared by esterifying a technical alcohol containing stearyl alcohol as its main constituent with maleic anhydride, the esterification being carried out in a toluene solution. The crude product is recrystallized with benzol, and 124 parts of the ester are heated at 100 C. for 24 hours with 42 parts of sodium bisulphite and 40 parts of water, vigorous agitation being maintained during the heating. The product is then isolated and purified as in Example 2 and is a white, soapy powder, very slightly soluble in water. It constitutes the sodium salt of distearyl sulphosuccinate.
Example 16 Maleic acid is esterified with 'oleyl alcohol in the same manner as described in Example 15.
124 parts of the ester are then heated at 100 C.
for about 24 hours with 42 parts of sodium bisulphite in 40 parts of water, vigorous agitation being continually maintained. The sodium salt of dioleyl sulphosuccinate is then isolated as described in Example 2 and is a white soapy powder having a slight solubility in water.
Example 17 98 parts of maleic anhydride are heated with 40 parts of ethyl alcohol for about 1 hour, forming the acid ethyl ester of maleic acid. Thereupon 2'70 parts of stearyl alcohol are added together with suflicient sulphuric acid to act as a catalyst. Then 250 parts of toluene are added and the mixture slowly distilled until conversion to the ethyl stearyl maleate is complete. 250 Darts of the 50% water solution of sodium bisulphite are then added and the mixture is agitated at 100 C. until a dried sample is soluble in water. The product, which is the sodium salt of ethyl stearyl sulphosuccinate is a white powder showing a moderate solubility in water. The solubility is very much greater than the distearyl ester and the product is usable as a wetting agent for various aqueous dispersions.
Example, 1 8
Example 19 Ethylene oxide and maleic acid are heated together to form a complex ester. 180 parts of this reaction product are agitated at 100 C. with 150 parts of sodium bisulphite. The reaction proceeds rapidly and as soon as it is complete,
the mixture is evaporated to dryness and the product is separated from excess bisulphite by dissolving in boiling alcohol, filtering and. evaporating the filtrate. The ester of sulphosuccinic acid obtained is a glassy mass which is soluble in watenthe solubility depending to some extent on the-character of the ethylene oxide maleic acid reaction product.
Example 20 98 parts of maleic anhydride are heated with 130 parts of octyl alcohol at 120 C., producing the acid octyl maleate. 228 parts of this acid ester are then poured into a solution of 126 parts of sodium sulphite in 1000 parts of water and the mixture stirred at 50 C. for some minutes until a clear solution is obtained. This solution may be used as such or it may be evaporated to dryness, a white, amorphous, somewhat sticky product re maining, which is the disodium salt of monooctyl sulphosuccinate. The product is easily soluble in water.
Example 21 92 parts of glycerine and 98 parts of maleic anhydride are heated at 120 C. for 2 hours. The mixture is cooled to C. and poured into a solutlon of 104 parts of sodium bisulphite in 200 parts of water. The resulting mixture is then agitated for 2 hours at 80 C..and evaporated to dryness. A brittle, glassy mass which is the sodium salt of glycerol sulphosuccinate is obtained. It can be easily ground to a white powder and is very soluble in water.
If ammonia bisulphite is used, the corresponding ammonium salt is produced which is equally soluble in water.
Example 22 124 parts of ethylene glycol are heated at 120 C. for 2 hours with 98 parts of maleic anhydride and the diglycol maleate so obtained is poured into a solution of 104 parts or sodium bisulphite in 150 parts of water. The mixture is agitated at 60 C. until an acidifiedsample liberates no S02 whereupon the solution is evaporated to dryness and the product may be ground to a. white powder which is exceedingly soluble in water. The product obtained is the sodium salt of diglycol sulphosuccinate.
Example 23 184 parts of glycerine" are heated to 120 .C. for 1 hour with 98 parts of maleic anhydride. 204 parts of acetic anhydride are slowly added, the temperature being maintained at 120 C. After all of the anhydride has been added the heating is continued for 2 more hours and then the mixture is cooled at C. whereupon 1 10 parts of sodium bisulphite in 150 parts of water are added and the mixture agitated in a closed vessel at C. for 8 hours, or until the mixture is completely water soluble. Thereupon the mixture is evaporated to dryness and a semitransparent gummy mass is obtained which is readily soluble in water. It is the sodium salt of the glycerine ester of sulphosuccinic and acetic acids.
Example 24 92 parts of glycerine and 282 parts of oleic acid are heated to 200 C. for 12 hours. The mixture is cooled to C. and 196 parts of maleic anhydride are added whereupon the heating is maintained for 3 hours and then 400 parts of normal amyl alcohol and A part of sulphuric acid are added. The mixture is distilled until substantially 36 parts of, water have collected in the distillate, at'which time the esteriflcation is complete. The excess amyl alcohol is removed by steam distillation and the residual'oil is agitated at 100 C. for 24 hours with 250 parts-of sodium bisulphite. The solution is then evaporated to dryness and a soft resin is obtained which is readily soluble in water. This would be probably as the following formula:
Example 25 88 parts of a primary amyl alcohol at about 100 C. for 2 hours. The acid amyl phthalate obtained is then mixed with 92 parts of glycerine and the mixture heated at -120 C. for four hours. The phthalic anhydride unites with one hydroxyi of the glycerine and the remaining hydroxyls of the glycerine are then esterified with 98 parts of maleic anhydride by heating at 120-140 C. for several hours. 'I'he'ester thus obtained is then sulphonated with 104 parts of sodium bisulphite'as described in previous examples and recovered in the usual manner. The glycerine ester of sulphosuccinic acid and acid amyl phthalate is obtained as a powder and is readily soluble in water. Instead of phthalic anhydride other dibasic acids may be used such as succinic acid, chlormaleic acid, tartaric acid and the like.
Example 26 184 parts of glycerine are heated with 148 parts of phthalic anhydride at 130 C. for 4 hours. Thereupon 196 parts of maleic anhydride are added in 1000 parts of tetraline. The mixture is slowly distilled until approximately 54 parts of water have been collected inthe distillate. Then the mixture is cooled to 80 C. At this stage mixed phthalic maleic ester of glycerine is ob tained. 208 parts of sodium bisulphite dissolved in 300 parts of water are added and the mixture agitated at 80 C. until a sample is completely water soluble. The tetraline is removed by steam distillation and the aqueous solution remaining filtered and dried, the residue is ground and constitutes a glyceryl phthalate' sulphosuccinate being a white powder very soluble in water.
Instead of using phthalic anhydride monobasic acids such as benzoic acid or benzoylbenzoic ,acid can be employed in which case, of course,
the proportion of maleic acid is increased.
' Example 27 2 mols. of castor oil are esterified with 3 mols. of maleic anhydride resulting in a neutral ester in which the six hydroxyl groups of the castor oil unite with the six hydroxyl groups of the maleic acid. This neutral ester is then treated with 3'mo1s. of sodium bisulphite to transform it into the corresponding sulphosuccinate. The product is not readily soluble in water but can be rendered soluble by sulphonation with sulphuric acid.
4 Example 28 An ester of maleic acid and castor oil is prepared but instead of using 2 mols. of castor oil only 1 mol. is used. After transformation into the. sulphosuccinate by means of, bisulphite, the product can be sulphonated with sulphuric acid or can be treated with caustic alkali to increaseits water solubility.
What I claim is: I 1. An ester of an aliphatic dibasic acid having the iormula ooox COOX MoSOr-R COOX in which R is an aliphatic carbon chain containing at least one sulphonic group but free from other substituents, and X is hydrogen or an alcohol .or phenol radical not connected by a carbon to carbon bond with R, at least one X being such an alcohol or phenol radical, and Me is hydrogen or a base.
3. An ester of an aliphatic dibasic acid having the formula coox COOX in which R'is an aliphatic carbon chain containing at least one sulphonic group, but free fromother substituents, and X is an alcohol or phenol radical -not connected by a carbon to carbon bond with R.
4. An ester of an aliphatic dibasie' acid having the formula 5. An ester of an aliphatic dibasic acid having the formula I COOY in which R is an aliphatic carbon chain containing at least one sulphonic group and free from mercapto groups and X is an alcohol or phenol radical and Y is a diiferent alcohol or phenol radical.
6. An ester of an aliphatic dlcarboxylic acid having the following farmula MoSOz-R in which R is a carbon chain freefrom mercapto groups, Me is a base, X is air-alcohol or phenol radical and Y is a different alcohol or phenol radical.
7. An ester according to claim 2 in which Me is an organic amine base.
8. An ester of sulphosuccinic acid in which at least one carboxyl group is united with the radical included in the group consisting 'of alcohols, phenols.
9. An ester of sulphosuccinic acid in which each carboxyl group is joined-to a radical included in the group consisting of alcohols, phenols.
10. An ester according to claim 9 in which alcohol or phenol radicals attached to the different carboxyl groups are different.
11. A diamyl ester of sulphosuccinic acid.
12. A diester of sulphosuccinic acid and an octyl alcohol.
13. A method of producing an ester of a saturated sulphoaliphatic dicarboxylic acid which comprises producing the ester of the corresponding unsaturated aliphatic ,dicarboxylic acid and reacting the ester with a bisulphite.
14. A method of producing an ester of sulphosuccinic acid which comprises subjecting an ester of an acid included in the group consisting of maleic acid and fumaric acid to the action of a bisulphite.
ALPHONS O. J AEGER.
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US2507030A (en) * 1947-04-04 1950-05-09 American Cyanamid Co Sulfosuccinate esters of 4-alkylphenoxyethanols
US2510008A (en) * 1948-04-01 1950-05-30 Dow Chemical Co Propylene glycol monoaryl etheresters of sulfosuccinic acid
US2514310A (en) * 1946-01-12 1950-07-04 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Composition for producing fire extinguishing foams and method
US2529211A (en) * 1946-01-12 1950-11-07 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Fire extinguishing composition and method
US2531504A (en) * 1944-06-12 1950-11-28 Richardson Co Separator for electric storage batteries
US2579890A (en) * 1948-07-03 1951-12-25 Shell Dev Nonclogging distillate fuel oil
US2590236A (en) * 1952-03-25 Fugitive tint for cellulose acetate
US2606405A (en) * 1946-08-17 1952-08-12 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Polishing means and method
US2640848A (en) * 1949-10-15 1953-06-02 Shell Dev Esters of sulfur-containing polycarboxylic acids
US2666527A (en) * 1945-06-22 1954-01-19 Peterson Filters & Eng Method of promoting filtration
US2738324A (en) * 1952-08-29 1956-03-13 American Cyanamid Co Anti-static rayon oils
US2785135A (en) * 1952-10-29 1957-03-12 R R Street & Co Inc Method of preparing dry cleaning compositions
US2785134A (en) * 1952-10-29 1957-03-12 R R Street & Co Inc Method of preparing dry cleaning compositions
US2813078A (en) * 1954-09-10 1957-11-12 American Cyanamid Co Cake detergent and method for its production
US2851369A (en) * 1956-05-31 1958-09-09 Simoniz Co Polishing composition
US2879214A (en) * 1955-10-27 1959-03-24 American Cyanamid Co Preparation of di-esters of sulfodicarboxylic acids
US2887504A (en) * 1956-09-19 1959-05-19 American Cyanamid Co Dialkyl esters of sulfodicarboxylic acids
US2917431A (en) * 1957-08-01 1959-12-15 American Cyanamid Co Aqueous inorganic salt-sulfosuccinate solutions
US2980750A (en) * 1959-02-26 1961-04-18 Monsanto Chemicals Battery separators
US3002994A (en) * 1958-09-02 1961-10-03 American Cyanamid Co Purification of salts of dialkyl esters of sulfosuccinic acid
US3002995A (en) * 1958-09-02 1961-10-03 American Cyanamid Co Purification of salts of dialkyl esters of sulfosuccinic acid
US3018272A (en) * 1955-06-30 1962-01-23 Du Pont Sulfonate containing polyesters dyeable with basic dyes
US3033896A (en) * 1960-03-09 1962-05-08 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Preparation of sulphonated maleic acid esters of improved color
US3033824A (en) * 1957-11-04 1962-05-08 Chemstrand Corp Polyesters modified with difunctional sulfo-aromatic compound, chain terminating agents, and chain branching agents, and process for producing same
US3035973A (en) * 1958-08-01 1962-05-22 Lloyd Brothers Inc Gelatin capsule containing calcium dioctyl sulfosuccinate
US3085898A (en) * 1959-08-07 1963-04-16 Customark Corp Paper product with watermark and process therefor
US3153564A (en) * 1962-01-25 1964-10-20 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Dispersing dispersed acetate dyes and a lignin sulfonate alkyl naphthalene sulfonate and sulfo carboxylic acid alkyl ester mixture therefor
US3201252A (en) * 1961-10-09 1965-08-17 Eastman Kodak Co Gelatin compositions containing salts of half esters of sulfosuccinic acid as coating aids therefor
US3202521A (en) * 1963-09-12 1965-08-24 Protex Ind Inc Cement compositions and the method of controlling the air content thereof
US3206408A (en) * 1961-04-07 1965-09-14 American Cyanamid Co Aqueous shampoo composition
US3210169A (en) * 1960-12-30 1965-10-05 Shell Oil Co Hydrocarbon compositions containing salts of certain nitrogen-containing polymers with sulfodicarboxylates
US3223473A (en) * 1962-05-15 1965-12-14 Stevens & Co Inc J P Method of controlling wool shrinkage and products thereof
US3418239A (en) * 1965-12-03 1968-12-24 Mobil Oil Corp Oil well waterflooding method
US3432286A (en) * 1966-09-12 1969-03-11 Dow Chemical Co Control of aquatic plants with dithiodiundecanoic acid
US3503895A (en) * 1964-10-08 1970-03-31 American Cyanamid Co Readily dispersible,water-soluble gum compositions containing dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate and preparation thereof
US3514246A (en) * 1969-07-11 1970-05-26 American Aniline Prod Method of dyeing shaped polycarbonate resins
US3619122A (en) * 1968-12-26 1971-11-09 Gaf Corp Process for dyeing polyamide fibers
US3648013A (en) * 1970-11-23 1972-03-07 Chevron Res Electrical discharge machining process and dielectric fluid useful therein
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US3860392A (en) * 1970-02-06 1975-01-14 Pechiney Saint Gobain Colorant compositions and method
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US3910855A (en) * 1972-05-16 1975-10-07 Richard M Abeles Liquid cleaning compositions
US3978262A (en) * 1972-07-13 1976-08-31 Rhone-Progil Method of sizing textile fibers using water-soluble sulfonated polyesters and products so made
US4048149A (en) * 1972-07-13 1977-09-13 Rhone-Poulenc Industries Water-soluble sulfonated polyesters
US4071476A (en) * 1974-01-28 1978-01-31 Texaco Inc. Detergent builders and composition containing the same
US4072632A (en) * 1972-04-06 1978-02-07 Lever Brothers Company Dishwashing compositions
US4101274A (en) * 1975-02-27 1978-07-18 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for the level dyeing of synthetic fiber materials
US4117237A (en) * 1974-08-14 1978-09-26 Witco Chemical Corporation Unsymmetrical sulfosuccinate diesters
US4210531A (en) * 1977-12-15 1980-07-01 American Cyanamid Company Process for dewatering mineral concentrates
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US4324664A (en) * 1981-04-16 1982-04-13 Betz Laboratories, Inc. Method and composition for treating aqueous mediums
US4329147A (en) * 1980-12-12 1982-05-11 Allied Chemical Corporation Wetting solution for use in continuous dyeing of polyamide fabric
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US4434088A (en) 1981-07-24 1984-02-28 Lever Brothers Company Detergent compositions containing sulphosuccinates and high bloom gel strength protein
US4434090A (en) 1981-07-24 1984-02-28 Lever Brothers Company Detergent compositions containing sulphosuccinate mixtures
US4434087A (en) 1981-07-24 1984-02-28 Lever Brothers Company Detergent compositions containing sulphosuccinate mixtures
US4452704A (en) * 1981-04-16 1984-06-05 Betz Laboratories, Inc. Method for treating aqueous mediums
US4471538A (en) * 1982-06-15 1984-09-18 Pomeranz Mark L Shock absorbing devices using rheopexic fluid
US4480119A (en) * 1974-12-23 1984-10-30 Longley Kermit D Unsymmetrical sulfosuccinate diesters
US4485224A (en) * 1983-09-02 1984-11-27 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Acrylamide polymerization
EP0130818A2 (en) 1983-07-01 1985-01-09 Unilever N.V. Process for the handling of dialkyl sulphosuccinates
US4528128A (en) * 1983-01-21 1985-07-09 Lever Brothers Company Detergent compositions
US4540807A (en) * 1981-09-30 1985-09-10 Witco Chemical Corporation Aromatic base poly-sulfosuccinate esters
US4556496A (en) * 1984-03-28 1985-12-03 Chevron Research Company Refrigeration lubricating oil containing dialkyl sulfosuccinate
WO1986007258A1 (en) * 1985-06-05 1986-12-18 Meditech Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Anti-bacterial methods and agent
US4719235A (en) * 1984-10-16 1988-01-12 Gerald N. Kern Methods and compositions for treating viral infection
US4752617A (en) * 1985-06-05 1988-06-21 Gerald N. Kern Anti-bacterial methods and agents
US4885310A (en) * 1985-05-09 1989-12-05 Gerald N. Kern Anti-fungal methods and agent
WO1998007689A1 (en) * 1996-08-20 1998-02-26 RWE-DEA Aktiengesellschaft für Mineraloel und Chemie Amphiphilic compounds with at least two hydrophilic and at least two hydrophobic groups based on dicarboxyclic acid du esters
WO1998020853A1 (en) * 1996-11-14 1998-05-22 RWE-DEA Aktiengesellschaft für Mineraloel und Chemie Use of anionic gemini surfactants in formulations for washing, cleaning and body-care products
US5858281A (en) * 1997-02-27 1999-01-12 Clariant Finance (Bvi) Limited Textile treatment processes and compositions therefor
US5908582A (en) * 1993-08-02 1999-06-01 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Liquid formulations containing sulfosuccinic acid diester
US20070142513A1 (en) * 2005-12-21 2007-06-21 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Surfactant, method of producing a fluoropolymer, fluoropolymer aqueous dispersion
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US10022328B2 (en) 2015-02-20 2018-07-17 Cytec Industries Inc. Dialkyl sulfosuccinate compositions, method of making, and method of use
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US10793766B2 (en) 2016-08-18 2020-10-06 Cytec Industries Inc. Sulfosuccinate surfactant compositions and methods using the same
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US2590236A (en) * 1952-03-25 Fugitive tint for cellulose acetate
US2465237A (en) * 1937-03-31 1949-03-22 Delmar H Larsen Treatment of oil wells
US2433311A (en) * 1942-02-05 1947-12-23 Tide Water Associated Oil Comp Metal surface treatment
US2419056A (en) * 1943-02-19 1947-04-15 Aerovox Corp Mica splitting process and apparatus
US2438092A (en) * 1943-09-10 1948-03-16 American Cyanamid Co Nu-sulfodicarboxylic acid aspartates
US2426194A (en) * 1944-04-04 1947-08-26 Fischbach Adolph Ink
US2531504A (en) * 1944-06-12 1950-11-28 Richardson Co Separator for electric storage batteries
US2452536A (en) * 1944-07-25 1948-11-02 Du Pont Process for impregnating leather with sulfonated polymeric compositions
US2416254A (en) * 1945-02-24 1947-02-18 American Cyanamid Co Antifogging composition
US2487964A (en) * 1945-05-21 1949-11-15 Grinnell Corp Method of extinguishing burning flammable vapors
US2454546A (en) * 1945-06-15 1948-11-23 Rohm & Haas Surface-active linear polyesters
US2666527A (en) * 1945-06-22 1954-01-19 Peterson Filters & Eng Method of promoting filtration
US2415255A (en) * 1945-09-01 1947-02-04 American Cyanamid Co Sulfosuccinate esters of 3, 5-alkylcyclohexanols
US2514310A (en) * 1946-01-12 1950-07-04 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Composition for producing fire extinguishing foams and method
US2529211A (en) * 1946-01-12 1950-11-07 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Fire extinguishing composition and method
US2494531A (en) * 1946-08-09 1950-01-17 United Aircraft Corp Ski lacquer
US2606405A (en) * 1946-08-17 1952-08-12 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Polishing means and method
US2460925A (en) * 1946-09-06 1949-02-08 Technical Specialties Company White writing ink
US2507030A (en) * 1947-04-04 1950-05-09 American Cyanamid Co Sulfosuccinate esters of 4-alkylphenoxyethanols
US2489943A (en) * 1947-09-10 1949-11-29 Us Rubber Co Dispersing agents and method of producing same
US2510008A (en) * 1948-04-01 1950-05-30 Dow Chemical Co Propylene glycol monoaryl etheresters of sulfosuccinic acid
US2579890A (en) * 1948-07-03 1951-12-25 Shell Dev Nonclogging distillate fuel oil
US2640848A (en) * 1949-10-15 1953-06-02 Shell Dev Esters of sulfur-containing polycarboxylic acids
US2738324A (en) * 1952-08-29 1956-03-13 American Cyanamid Co Anti-static rayon oils
US2785135A (en) * 1952-10-29 1957-03-12 R R Street & Co Inc Method of preparing dry cleaning compositions
US2785134A (en) * 1952-10-29 1957-03-12 R R Street & Co Inc Method of preparing dry cleaning compositions
US2813078A (en) * 1954-09-10 1957-11-12 American Cyanamid Co Cake detergent and method for its production
US3018272A (en) * 1955-06-30 1962-01-23 Du Pont Sulfonate containing polyesters dyeable with basic dyes
US2879214A (en) * 1955-10-27 1959-03-24 American Cyanamid Co Preparation of di-esters of sulfodicarboxylic acids
US2851369A (en) * 1956-05-31 1958-09-09 Simoniz Co Polishing composition
US2887504A (en) * 1956-09-19 1959-05-19 American Cyanamid Co Dialkyl esters of sulfodicarboxylic acids
US2917431A (en) * 1957-08-01 1959-12-15 American Cyanamid Co Aqueous inorganic salt-sulfosuccinate solutions
US3033824A (en) * 1957-11-04 1962-05-08 Chemstrand Corp Polyesters modified with difunctional sulfo-aromatic compound, chain terminating agents, and chain branching agents, and process for producing same
US3035973A (en) * 1958-08-01 1962-05-22 Lloyd Brothers Inc Gelatin capsule containing calcium dioctyl sulfosuccinate
US3002995A (en) * 1958-09-02 1961-10-03 American Cyanamid Co Purification of salts of dialkyl esters of sulfosuccinic acid
US3002994A (en) * 1958-09-02 1961-10-03 American Cyanamid Co Purification of salts of dialkyl esters of sulfosuccinic acid
US2980750A (en) * 1959-02-26 1961-04-18 Monsanto Chemicals Battery separators
US3085898A (en) * 1959-08-07 1963-04-16 Customark Corp Paper product with watermark and process therefor
US3033896A (en) * 1960-03-09 1962-05-08 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Preparation of sulphonated maleic acid esters of improved color
US3210169A (en) * 1960-12-30 1965-10-05 Shell Oil Co Hydrocarbon compositions containing salts of certain nitrogen-containing polymers with sulfodicarboxylates
US3206408A (en) * 1961-04-07 1965-09-14 American Cyanamid Co Aqueous shampoo composition
US3201252A (en) * 1961-10-09 1965-08-17 Eastman Kodak Co Gelatin compositions containing salts of half esters of sulfosuccinic acid as coating aids therefor
US3153564A (en) * 1962-01-25 1964-10-20 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Dispersing dispersed acetate dyes and a lignin sulfonate alkyl naphthalene sulfonate and sulfo carboxylic acid alkyl ester mixture therefor
US3223473A (en) * 1962-05-15 1965-12-14 Stevens & Co Inc J P Method of controlling wool shrinkage and products thereof
US3202521A (en) * 1963-09-12 1965-08-24 Protex Ind Inc Cement compositions and the method of controlling the air content thereof
US3503895A (en) * 1964-10-08 1970-03-31 American Cyanamid Co Readily dispersible,water-soluble gum compositions containing dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate and preparation thereof
US3418239A (en) * 1965-12-03 1968-12-24 Mobil Oil Corp Oil well waterflooding method
US3432286A (en) * 1966-09-12 1969-03-11 Dow Chemical Co Control of aquatic plants with dithiodiundecanoic acid
US3619122A (en) * 1968-12-26 1971-11-09 Gaf Corp Process for dyeing polyamide fibers
US3514246A (en) * 1969-07-11 1970-05-26 American Aniline Prod Method of dyeing shaped polycarbonate resins
US3860392A (en) * 1970-02-06 1975-01-14 Pechiney Saint Gobain Colorant compositions and method
US3648013A (en) * 1970-11-23 1972-03-07 Chevron Res Electrical discharge machining process and dielectric fluid useful therein
US4072632A (en) * 1972-04-06 1978-02-07 Lever Brothers Company Dishwashing compositions
US3910855A (en) * 1972-05-16 1975-10-07 Richard M Abeles Liquid cleaning compositions
US3978262A (en) * 1972-07-13 1976-08-31 Rhone-Progil Method of sizing textile fibers using water-soluble sulfonated polyesters and products so made
US4048149A (en) * 1972-07-13 1977-09-13 Rhone-Poulenc Industries Water-soluble sulfonated polyesters
DE2335480A1 (en) * 1972-07-13 1974-01-31 Rhone Progil WATER-SOLUBLE SULFONIZED POLYESTER
DE2333050A1 (en) * 1973-06-29 1975-01-23 Hoechst Ag WETTING AGENT FOR BIOCIDE INJECTION POWDER
US4071476A (en) * 1974-01-28 1978-01-31 Texaco Inc. Detergent builders and composition containing the same
US4117237A (en) * 1974-08-14 1978-09-26 Witco Chemical Corporation Unsymmetrical sulfosuccinate diesters
US4480119A (en) * 1974-12-23 1984-10-30 Longley Kermit D Unsymmetrical sulfosuccinate diesters
US4101274A (en) * 1975-02-27 1978-07-18 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for the level dyeing of synthetic fiber materials
US4310683A (en) * 1975-05-07 1982-01-12 Witco Chemical Corporation Sulfosuccinate diesters
US4210531A (en) * 1977-12-15 1980-07-01 American Cyanamid Company Process for dewatering mineral concentrates
US4299743A (en) * 1980-05-27 1981-11-10 Ppg Industries, Inc. Sulfonate-containing polymer
US4329147A (en) * 1980-12-12 1982-05-11 Allied Chemical Corporation Wetting solution for use in continuous dyeing of polyamide fabric
US4324664A (en) * 1981-04-16 1982-04-13 Betz Laboratories, Inc. Method and composition for treating aqueous mediums
US4427568A (en) 1981-04-16 1984-01-24 Betz Laboratories, Inc. Composition for treating aqueous mediums
US4452704A (en) * 1981-04-16 1984-06-05 Betz Laboratories, Inc. Method for treating aqueous mediums
US4434090A (en) 1981-07-24 1984-02-28 Lever Brothers Company Detergent compositions containing sulphosuccinate mixtures
US4434091A (en) 1981-07-24 1984-02-28 Lever Brothers Company Novel sulphosuccinates and detergent compositions containing them
US4434089A (en) 1981-07-24 1984-02-28 Lever Brothers Company Detergent compositions containing sulphosuccinates and undegraded protein
EP0071412A1 (en) * 1981-07-24 1983-02-09 Unilever N.V. Novel sulphosuccinates and detergent compositions containing them
US4434088A (en) 1981-07-24 1984-02-28 Lever Brothers Company Detergent compositions containing sulphosuccinates and high bloom gel strength protein
US4434087A (en) 1981-07-24 1984-02-28 Lever Brothers Company Detergent compositions containing sulphosuccinate mixtures
US4540807A (en) * 1981-09-30 1985-09-10 Witco Chemical Corporation Aromatic base poly-sulfosuccinate esters
US4471538A (en) * 1982-06-15 1984-09-18 Pomeranz Mark L Shock absorbing devices using rheopexic fluid
US4528128A (en) * 1983-01-21 1985-07-09 Lever Brothers Company Detergent compositions
EP0130818A2 (en) 1983-07-01 1985-01-09 Unilever N.V. Process for the handling of dialkyl sulphosuccinates
US4485224A (en) * 1983-09-02 1984-11-27 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Acrylamide polymerization
US4556496A (en) * 1984-03-28 1985-12-03 Chevron Research Company Refrigeration lubricating oil containing dialkyl sulfosuccinate
US4719235A (en) * 1984-10-16 1988-01-12 Gerald N. Kern Methods and compositions for treating viral infection
US4885310A (en) * 1985-05-09 1989-12-05 Gerald N. Kern Anti-fungal methods and agent
WO1986007258A1 (en) * 1985-06-05 1986-12-18 Meditech Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Anti-bacterial methods and agent
US4717737A (en) * 1985-06-05 1988-01-05 Gerald N. Kern Anti-bacterial methods and agent
US4752617A (en) * 1985-06-05 1988-06-21 Gerald N. Kern Anti-bacterial methods and agents
US5908582A (en) * 1993-08-02 1999-06-01 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Liquid formulations containing sulfosuccinic acid diester
WO1998007689A1 (en) * 1996-08-20 1998-02-26 RWE-DEA Aktiengesellschaft für Mineraloel und Chemie Amphiphilic compounds with at least two hydrophilic and at least two hydrophobic groups based on dicarboxyclic acid du esters
US6323363B1 (en) 1996-08-20 2001-11-27 Rwe-Dea Aktiengesellschaft Fuer Mineraloel Und Chemie Amphiphilic compounds with at least two hydrophilic and at least two hydrophobic groups based on dicarboxylic acid diamides
WO1998020853A1 (en) * 1996-11-14 1998-05-22 RWE-DEA Aktiengesellschaft für Mineraloel und Chemie Use of anionic gemini surfactants in formulations for washing, cleaning and body-care products
US5858281A (en) * 1997-02-27 1999-01-12 Clariant Finance (Bvi) Limited Textile treatment processes and compositions therefor
US20070142513A1 (en) * 2005-12-21 2007-06-21 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Surfactant, method of producing a fluoropolymer, fluoropolymer aqueous dispersion
US8853141B2 (en) 2009-11-03 2014-10-07 Stepan Company Sulfomethylsuccinates, process for making same and compositions containing same
WO2012079095A2 (en) 2010-12-10 2012-06-14 Troy Corporation Adhesive strength enhancers for cementitious compositions
US8529693B2 (en) 2010-12-10 2013-09-10 Troy Corporation Adhesive strength enhancers for cementitious compositions
US10022328B2 (en) 2015-02-20 2018-07-17 Cytec Industries Inc. Dialkyl sulfosuccinate compositions, method of making, and method of use
WO2016196555A1 (en) 2015-06-02 2016-12-08 Stepan Company Cold-water cleaning method
WO2017100051A2 (en) 2015-12-07 2017-06-15 Stepan Comapny Cold-water cleaning compositions and methods
EP4249577A2 (en) 2015-12-25 2023-09-27 Kao Corporation Liquid detergent composition for hard surfaces
US10793766B2 (en) 2016-08-18 2020-10-06 Cytec Industries Inc. Sulfosuccinate surfactant compositions and methods using the same
WO2019008329A1 (en) 2017-07-06 2019-01-10 Innospec Oil Field Chemicals Llc Compositions and methods and uses relating thereto
US11566164B2 (en) 2017-07-06 2023-01-31 Innospec Oil Field Chemicals Llc Compositions and methods and uses relating thereto
US11807832B2 (en) 2018-06-05 2023-11-07 Kao Corporation Liquid detergent composition for tableware and/or kitchen hard articles
WO2021187488A1 (en) 2020-03-17 2021-09-23 花王株式会社 Surfactant composition
WO2021187489A1 (en) 2020-03-17 2021-09-23 花王株式会社 Method for cleaning hard article
CN116568670A (en) * 2020-12-21 2023-08-08 花王株式会社 Method for producing sulfonate composition
WO2022138304A1 (en) 2020-12-24 2022-06-30 花王株式会社 Antifouling agent
CN112661734A (en) * 2021-01-11 2021-04-16 青岛科技大学 Process for preparing phthalic anhydride and maleic anhydride by selective oxidation of n-pentane
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GB446568A (en) 1936-04-27
FR776495A (en) 1935-01-26

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