US2008182A - Art of producing multilateral stretchability in paper webs or the like - Google Patents

Description

July 16, 1935. w. c. KEMP 2,008,182

ART OF PRODUCING MULTILATERAL STRETCHABILITY IN PAPER WEBS OR THE LIKE Original Filed July 29, 1932 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR,

" I /W BYWY ATTORNEYS.

. July 16, 1935. w, c, KEMP ART OF PRODUCING MULTILATERAL STRETCI-IABILITY IN PAPER WEBS .OR THE LIKE 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Original Filed July 29, 1932 k) FIIFJIYENTOR, 1% 9' all,

ATTORNEYs,

July 16, 1935. w. c. KEMP 2,008,182

ART OF PRODUCING MULTILATERAL STRETCHABILITY IN PAPER WEBS OR THE LIKE Original Filed July 29, 1932 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 id lflilllllllllllllll H 1 4 v ATTORNEYS.

July 16, 1935. w. c. KEMP 2,003,182

ART OF PRODUCING MULTILATERAL STRETCHABI LITY IN PAPER WEBS OR THE LIKE Original Filed July 29, 1932 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 .nulll ATTORNEYS.

Patented July 16, 1935 UNITED STATES- ART OF PRODUCING MULTILATERAL STRETCHABILITY 1N PAPER WEBS OR THE LIKE William C. Kemp, Cincinnati, Ohio, assignor to The Paper Service Company, Lockland, Ohio,

a corporation of Ohio Original application July 29, 1932, Serial No.. 626,059. Divided and this application April 12, 1984, Serial No. 720,256

13 Claims.

5 plication for Letters Patent'Ser. No. 558,884, filed August 24, 1931, and entitled a multi-laterally stretchable creped paper product. The said application Serial No. 558,884, relates to the product formed. by the process and mechanism set forth in the present application.

In the ordinary art of .creping a paper web, or the like, the web is caused to contact and adhere to a device presenting a moving creping surface, and is removed therefrom by a doctor, the action of which is to produce crinkles in the web. Such creping processes have been continuous in that a web of indefinite length may be run through The creping the machine without stoppage. crinkles have been made in the sheet normal,i. e. perpendicular to its line of motion and its major axis. The sheet is therefore contracted longitudinally by an amount equal to the stretchability formed therein, and is consequently stretchable longitudinally. It is not stretchable widthwise, i. e. in the direction of the crinkles, and the truss-like action of the crinkles increases the transverse stiffness of the web.

Creped paper as thus formed is not universally stretchable, and while it has been proposed to give it widthwise stretchability by corrugations, or the like formed therein, and while a creped and corrugated web is useful for a number of purposes, it does not have certain highly valuable characteristics of my improved product, as set forth in my copending application referred to.

It is a fundamental object of my present invention to provide means whereby, in a creping operation which may and preferably will be continuous, a web may be formed having universal stretchability.

The present case, being directed to the process and machine, relates to the aspect of producing in a web sets of crinkles which are non-coincident directionally, whereby the web is given normal directions of stretchability perpendicular to each set of crinkles, in a plurality of different directions. Another object of my invention is the provision of a machine and method for producing in a web at least one set of creping crinkles not perpendicular to the axis of said web, and/or to the directionof its motion, whereby a degree of transverse as Well as lengthwise stretchability is imparted thereto. Still another object of my invention. is to provide means and a method for imparting to a web crossing sets of creping crinkles, or the like, which sets, having what may be termed normal directions of stretchability disposed diagonally to each other, give in the preferred aspect 'of my product a web which is stretchable in all directions, and may easily be 5 made equally stretchable in all directions. A general object of my invention may therefore be stated as the provision of a means and method for producing diagonal crepes in a web, and somewhat more specifically, crossing sets of diagonal l creping crinkles. The Word diagonal should be understood, as related to the axis of the web, as implying an angularity other than coincident with or at 90 to said axis; but should not be understood as limited to any specific angularity l within the limits recited.

These and other objects of my invention which will be set forth hereinafter or will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading these specifications, I accomplish by that series of process steps and in that certain construction and arrangement of parts of which I shall now describe certain exemplary embodiments, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 is a semi-diagrammatic plan view of a mechanism for the production of double-diagonal creped products and joining them to a backing substance.

Fig. 2is a side elevation of this apparatus.

Fig. 3 is a. diagram illustrating the nature of the contraction in diagonally creped fabrics.

Fig. 4 is a plan view of a device employing creping surfaces having a planar movement at the creping point.

Fig. 5 is a side elevation of this apparatus.

Fig. 6 is a side elevation, and

Fig. 7 is an end elevation ofa roll equipped with a straight diagonal knife.

Fig. 8 is an end elevation of the supporting mechanism for a band knife type machine.

Fig. 9 is a diagrammatic representation of a band knife machine.

Fig. 10 is an end elevation thereof.

Fig. 11 illpstrates the manner in which the knife is ground.

Fig. 12 is a sectional view taken along the lines l2, l2 of Fig. 13 showing the action of the knife and the supports therefor.

Fig. 13 is a plan view of the knife supporting structure of Fig. 8.

Briefly, in the practice of my invention, I pro-'- vide a creping surface and a doctor knife, which are movable relative to each other. The web is bound to the surface ,in any way desired, and

is removed therefrom by the doctor whereby the which the web is caused to cling to the surface is not a limitation upon my invention, and I may adopt any of the several known creping processes, including, but without limitation, the water creping process and the process of the Rowe Reissue Patent No. 17,633. Indeed, under some circumstances I may employ means for producing crinkles in a sheet which do not include the ordinary surface and doctor arrangement; and by creping, where not otherwise specified, I desire to be understood as meaning any process of creping or crowding a sheet to form crinkles therein; and by the words crepes or crinkles I desire to be. understood as meaning any relatively small and.

closely spaced type of rugos'ities designed to impart stretchability to the sheet, distinguishing these only from relatively large corrugations or embossed protuberances.

It is a characteristic of my process and apparatus, however, that the instrumentalities which contact, and form crepes or crinkles in the web, do so at an angle other than a right angle to the direction of travel of the web as it is fed to such instrumentalities. Since ordinarily webs of indefinite length will be treated in a continuous manner, this means also that the agencies aforesaid will act upon the sheet in a direction other than normal to its major axis.

In these embodiments of my invention where a creping surface and a doctor knife are employed, and the paper is caused to cling to the creping surface, the doctor will be set at an angle other than at a right angle to the direction of travel of said surface.

I shall describe my invention in connection with three modifications which seem to meof the greatest commercial importance, all of which are related to the general statement of the invention made hereinabove. In one of these modifications a creping surface is employed which,

- during the action of the doctor knife, moves essentially in a flat plane. In another modification a cylinder is employed, and a straight knife not parallel to the axis of the cylinder is caused to contact the cylindrical surface, being hollowed out for the purpose. In still another modification a cylinder providesthe creping surface, and a knife in the form of a flexible band of steel or other suitable metal is caused to conform to the surface of said cylinder. As ,it crosses said surface diagonally, this knife will have a helical contour.

I have illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5 a modification of my invention in which a first creping surface is in the form of a band or belt of steel,

or the like, I, which passes around interspaced supporting drums 2 and 3. Intermediate these drums theba-nd is supported by a table 4, or the like, to which steam or other 'fluid connection may be made for the purposes of temperature control and/or lubricant connection between support and belt for reduction of friction. Instead of the table 4 other supporting devices may be .employed, such as traveling conveyors, rolls, or

discs arranged in echelon formation. It is merely essential that the band be supported over a considerable area by means satisfactorily strong and interposing as little. frictional resistance to the movement of the belt as possible.

A web of paper, or the like, 5, may be drawn from a roll 6 and pressed into contact with the upper surface of the belt I by means of a pressure 'or back-up roll I. For purposes of illustration the sheet may be bound to the surface by a film 2,008,182 crinkles are formed therein. The manner in of thermoplastic substance, such for example as bitumen, and this may be applied by means of rollers 8 from a pan or reservoir 9, to the belt itself. A diagonal doctor I!) removes the web 5 from the creping surface, as shown, and produces therein diagonal lines of crepe l l as shown in Fig. 4. The paper in this instance might be led up over the knife III by means of a bar, or disclike rollers arranged in echelon, and the paper carried on to the second creping device more or less with its original direction of travel. This, while possible, is not particularly convenient; and we prefer to remove the paper as shown in Figure 4 by carrying it in upside down position away from the knife and at an angle to its original path of travel. The web 5a now has diagonal lines of creping therein and will have been contracted both lengthwise and widthwise as shown, depending upon the amount of stretchability placed therein. Where a second or crossing set of diagonal crinkles is desired in the web it may be led to a'second creping surface formed by a belt I3 passing over interspaced rolls I4 and I5,

shown as set at such an angle as to form therein a. set of crinkles l9, oppositely disposed to the crinkles formed by the first doctor Ill. The web may again by the use of bars or echelon rolls,

be led on in the same direction; but I have shown it removed from the second doctor in the same way in which it was removed from the first.

In some respects that is one of the simplest forms of my device for the reason that the creping surface is planar, and a straight knife ill or l8 coacts therewith without having a special shape or configuration, such as is necessary when diagonal creping is to be accomplished upon the cylindrical surface of creping rolls. It will be understood that since both creping operations put diagonal crinkles into the web, each is accompanied by a theoretical longitudinal and widthwise contraction of the web. However, in ordinary practice there is a tendency in the second creping operation for the knife to remove some of that the amount of widthwise contraction resulting from the second creping step is less than would otherwise be expected. This can be compensated for, of course, by putting into the web in the first creping the desired amount of stretch, plus sufficient to compensate for the removalof stretch which takes place to some extent in the second creping operation. The residual stretchability of the sheet may be controlled in known ways; and obviously the second creping surface will move at a speed slower than the first by the amount of lengthwise contraction which it is desired to leave in the web after the first operation.

Moreover, with the straight creping surfaces moving in a planar path, it is much easier to lead the sheet over the knife and on substantially in the direction .of its original travel, if this is desired, since there is no tendency to warp the sheet, as there iswhen it leaves a diagonal knife on a cylindrical or curved surface. Yet for operating reasons, I ordinarily prefer to employ creping cylinders'and diagonally disposed knives contacting the same. I have usedwith success two types of knives or doctors contacting cylindrical creping rolls; but there are some problems connected with the use of diagonal knives on creping cylinders which require explanation at this point. If a line be drawn upon the surface of a cylinder at a constant angularity to the axis thereof, this line will follow a helical path. A projection thereof into a plane would give a sinusoidal curve. On the'other hand, if a cylinder were cut through at an angle to its axis other than'a right angle, the line of cut, if projected into a plane, would be a straight line. If the surface of the cylinder were unrolled, however, the line of cut thereon would be a sinusoidal curve. Thus it appears that a straight knife hollowed out to contact the periphery of a cylinder will not give absolutely rectilinear crepes. While it would be possible to employ a sinusoidal knife, and while this may be done without departing from the spirit of my invention, yet a sinusoidal knife is difiicult to make,

to grind to shape, and to This dimculty is increased when it is remembered that the character of creping is modified and controlled by the-V of the knife, so-called, which is the angle of the leading edge of the knife to a line drawn tangent to the cylinder at the meeting point. While a straight knife will tend to give sinusoidal lines of crepe, yet this tendency is not great enough to be of particular detriment where the width of the cylinder, or that portion of it which is contacted by the paper, is kept small in relation to the diameter of the cylinder. If'this is done; straight run diagonal knives may be used to produce lines of creping which are to all intents and purposes rectilinear.

I have indicated diagrammatically in Fig. 6 a cylinder 2|, to whicha web of paper 22 has been caused to adhere, and which moves with the cylinder in the direction indicated by the arrow. 23 is a straight, rigid knife hollow-ground to conform to the surface of the cylinder and disposed diagonally as shown, to the cylinder axis. This knife, as somewhat more clearlyshown in Fig. 7, is a straight plate'of metal disposed in a plane at an angle to the axis of the cylinder. The knife may extend straight away from the surface of the cylinder in the form shown, or the plane of the knife may be included with respect to the cylinder, as. in the ordinary creping operation. In either case a complicated grinding problem is presented, since under such circumstances the hollowed edge of the knife requires a varying curvature, in order to produce a constant angularity of creping V. For these reasons, I prefer'to useas a creping knife, a tensioned band as will hereinafter be described. Nevertheless, I have successfully manufactured double diagonal crepe papers with creping cylinders and straight, rigid knives of the form shown in Figs. 6 and 7. I

It will'beseen that a knife of this character must of necessity extend away from the surface of the cylinder a considerable distance, and

that it must be supported by satisfactorily rigid supporting devices. This makes it impossible to lead the paper on immediately in the direction of its former travel, but makes it necessary at least to carry it" away froiii the surface of the cylinder a sufficient distance to clear the knife and its supporting arrangements if it'is to be carried on in the same direction at all. It will be understood that the surface, of the cylinder 2| is curved, and to separate the paper from it along a line coincident with the knife 23 would the line of departure being' distinctly curved. While this may be done,

most advantageous way to remove the paper from the cylinder 2| is back upon itself at an angle to its original path of travel, and upside down with respect to its former position, after which, of course, the path of travel may be additionally changed if desired. The sheet is shown leaving the cylinder 2| at Main a direction substantially at right angles to its'original path of travel. The sheet portion 22a can thus come off the cylinder in a transversely arcuate or curved form, -which does not require differential stretching, and the sheet may be flattened. out by suitable bars, rolls, or the like, away from the surface of the cylinder without undue stretching.

The angularity of movement of the sheet portion 22a with respect to the portion 22 will be determined by a number of different factors, among which of most importance is the relationship between the angularity of the knife 23, with respect to the path of travel of the sheet portion 22, and the amount of stretch produced in the web.

These are important considerations and will now receive further explanation because, as will be apparent, the angularity with which the sheet portion 22a leaves the cylinder 2| ,more or less in the direction of the axis of the cylinder, will influence the position of the second creping device to receive it most advantageously. Referring now to the diagram of Fig. 3, I have shown a sheet portion 22 moving in the direction of the arrow. For purposes of illustration I take a rectilinear portion of the sheet bounded by the lines a, b, c, d. The diagonal of this square D,

B may be thought of as a diagonal creping knife arranged at an angle of 45. The sheet may be thought of first as passing on over the knife with its original direction of motion. If no stretch were put into the sheet by the knife, the portion a, b, c, 11 would be a square, the lower right hand corner of the sheet reaching the point C. However, by the amount of stretch put into the sheet the point C will tend to approach the knife D, B. Assuming that an arbitrary amount of stretch brings the corner of the sheet from C to E, the contracted or creped portion of the sheet will now be represented by the triangle D, B. E. This is what would happen ifthe sheet were led on .over the knife. however, the sheet is turned back on itself and led off the creping surface at an angle to its original position, the creped portion will be represented by the triangle D, B, E, which is a projection of the triangle D, B, E. It will be obvious that the line B, E does not coincide with the line B, A, but that the sheet will tend to come off in the direction of the arrow' B, F, and therefore not at a right angle to its original direction of travel. It will be clear also that with a knife disposed at an angle of 45, the

and while the paper may be carried over suitable bars or other supports. so a to change its direction and/or plane, the

sheet will not come oif the creping surface in a direction at right-angles to its original path of travel, unless the amount of stretchability put into the sheet is substantially nothing. As the stretchability increases, so does the angle, F, B, A'increase. Moreover, the crinkles put into the sheet by the knife D, B will be parallel thereto in the sheet portion D, B, E; but since the line F, B does not coincide with the line-A, B these crinkles will not be at an angle of 45 to the edge of the creped sheet represented by the line F, B. Both of these factors may be corrected, it will be clear, by changing the angularity of the knife D, B, as well as controlling the stretchability of the sheet. With any given angularity of knife, both the angularity of the crinkles with respect to the edge of the sheet and the an gularity of the direction of travel'of the sheet as it leaves the knife may be varied by varying the percentage of stretch left in the paper.

In ordinary practice the angularity of the crinkles with respect to the edge of the sheet is not of as great importance I believe, as the securing of a truly universally stretchable character in the sheet. If a sheet is substantially equally stretchable in all directions, it is for most purposes entirely satisfactory, and the exact angilar relationship of the crepes to the edgeof the sheet is'relatively less important.

It will now be apparent that the direction of travel of the sheet as it leaves the knife may be controlled by the amount of stretchability put into the sheet by the saidknife, or if the stretchability is to be maintained constant, the angularity of travel may be carried by changing the angularity of the knife.

The angularity of the crinkles is important in this, that considering but one set of crinkles, there is a normal stretchability'perpendicular thereto, together with varying degrees of stretchability at an angle to the normal, varying from maximum in the direction of normal stretchability to substantially zero at right angles thereto. But with crossing sets of creping crinkles, it will be clear that the stretchability transversely or lengthwise of the web will be the resultant of stretchability realized from both sets of crinkles.

The resultant stretchability may also be variedby varying the relative speeds of the two creping operations as determined by the speed of travel of the web as it reaches the creping knives. For convenience in operation, particularly with creping cylinders, I prefer to take the web away from the knife at right angles, or at least at :a fixed angularity for which my machine may be constructed. The proper angularity of the knife or knives may easily be determined in relation to a proposed amount of stretchability. Given such a set up of the apparatus it is comparatively easy, by varying the other factors, to produce a finished web having either substantially equal or divergent amounts of lateral and longitudinal stretchability.

In practice I have employed for both creping operations knives set at an angle of less than 45, putting into the sheet a stretchability normal to the lines of crinkles suflicient to bring the line of departure of .the sheet from the roll to an angle of substantially to the original path of travel, and by control of machine speeds I have put into the sheet, as aforesaid, both laterally and longitudinally, a substantially equal amount of stretch, although the angularity of the crinkles is other than 45, to the edges of the sheet. These factors may be varied, as hereinabove indicated, and my in more stretch in'the first operation than in the second. All of these factors can be varied for any given operation to produce the result desired.

Reverting to the mechanism comprising a knife and a roll, I have found it possible to employ a knife of. flexible metallic material which is caused to contact a roll by being wrapped thereabout, as it were in a helical fashion. In the diagrammatic illustrations in Figs. 9 and '10, I have shown a roll 24, to which the web of paper 22 is caused to adhere after being pressed thereagainst by the back-up roll 25. 26 is a knife in the form of a band of steel tensioned as at 21 and 28. A perfectly straight knife which is wrapped about a roll in this fashion will, in projection, follow a sinusoidal curve, but as respects the periphery of the cylinder, it will follow a helix at a constant angle to the axis of the cylinder. Moreover, if the leading edge of the knife is ground to a constant angularity, a constant creping V will be pro duced. A knife merely wrappediabout the surface of a cylinder, however, gives rise to considerable friction. Moreover, it will tend to be displacedby the creping strains which in Fig. 9 are in the direction of the arrows.

Consequently it is advisable to support the knife from the rear,

crinkles, would tend to make somewhat arcuate crinkles. This may be compensated for, however, by using a curved knife and I have illustrated in Fig. 11 the knife 26 formed by grinding or cutting from a wider bar of metal 26a. A curved knife of the type shown in Fig. 11 may be tiltedforward and still follow a truly helical path on the cylinder surface.

The essentials of a mechanism, of this type are, of course, a creping cylinder and attendant mechanism, a spiral or band type knife, means for tensioning the knife at its ends, and means for supporting the knife from the rear and tilting it forwardly, to which I have also found it desirable to add means for holding the leading edge of the knife down against the cylinder in a positive manner.

This organization is shown in plan in Fig. 13, where the creping cylinder 24, mounted in the usual frame, not shown, has above a supporting mechanism indicated generally at 29. This supporting mechanism comprises an angle bar 30 adapted to another angle bar 3|, the whole being supported at its ends 32 and 33 on transverse rails 34 and 35 across the creping machine.

. Reference toFig. 8 will show that the main angle member 3| may have attached to one of its legs a curved plate 36, and will also show that the angle member 30 may have sidewise angularity disposed complementary angle members 30a and 301). These last mentioned members'are attached to plate portions 31 and 38, mounted upon the angle member 3|. The reason for breaking the supports and the reason for the curved plate 36 will obviously be to cause the supporting structure to conform more or less to the arc of the circumference of the cylinder followed by the knife.

Rearwardly extending supporting members 39 and vertically extending holding members 40' are provided, which may be more clearly seen in Fig. The pporting members 39 are threaded rods held by the angle members 3|, or the plate 36 attached thereto. They are-provided with threaded sockets 40a and adjustment nuts 4|.

The rods 39 are held in bifurcated saddles 42 on the knife 26, and their action in pushing the knife forward and stood.

The particular supporting members 40 are threaded rods contacting the knife near its forward edge, and heldto the angle member 30 by nuts 43.

An exemplary machine embodying the organization just described is shown in plan and elevation in Figures 1 and 2. Here the web 45 is taken from a roll or source of supply 44 and is led between coating rollers 46, the lower of which turns in a pan 4'! of asphalt or other thermoplastic adhesive. In this way the web 45 is coated' upon one side with the adhesive, after which it may be carried around a cooling or tempering drum 48 and conducted to the creping cylinder 49 to which it is pressed byapressure roll 50. It is creped from this drum by means of the knife 5|, leaving the drum coated side up in a direction preferably at 90 to its original path of travel as shown at 45a. After passing over a straightening and/r pressing roller 52, it is carried around a second creping drum 53 so as in tilting it will be readily underto be bound thereagainst by the thermoplastic adhesive upon the surface of the web. Next the web is removed from cylinder 53 by a. diagonally disposed knife 54 putting into it a second set of crinkles at anangle to the first; The" web comes off this cylinder as shown at 45b, preferably at right angles to its path of travel before it reaches the knife 54. Again its coated side will be uppermost. Where it is desiredto back the web as by the addition thereto of burlap, such a fabric from a roll 55 may be led and pressed against the adhesive coated surface of the web by rolls 56. The backed product is indicated at 450.

The particular creping operation employed by me, by which Imean the nature of the actual,

crinkle forming step 'as distinguished from the manner of forming crinkles disposed in accordance with my invention, is not a limitation upon my invention. I may employ a water creping process in whole or in part or an asphalt creping process or any other process whereby crinkles are put into the sheet by creping or crowding, or 'I may employ one type of creping in one of my stages and another type in another stage. Where creping is accomplished by the positive action of a thermoplastic adhesive, the second creping step may be carried on with or without the addition of more of the adhesive substance. In any event, the second creping operation has been found to contribute to-the impervious character of the web. In the practice of my invention, I may employ one or more creping steps, as may be desired. One creping step producing diagonal crinkles will give both lateral and longitudinal stretchability. Substantially equal stretchability in all directions may be obtained in my invention, as hereinabove pointed out, by two creping operations, each producing diagonal crinkles. Special effects maybe obtained by. combining an ordinary crinkling step with a diagonal crinkling step, or a plurality thereof; or I may employ a plurality of diagonal crinkling steps designed to produce crinkles having a plurality of different directions, whether oppositely inclined to the major axis of the paper or not.

My invention is not restricted to any particular character of creping or crowding operation, nor

is it restricted to operations upon any particular character of web. In addition to paper I may,

by way of example, but without limitation, crepe other materials, such as leather, imitation leather, metal foil woven fabrics and composite fabrics of various classes.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. A process of producing a web stretchable in the direction of both its lateral and longitudinal axes, which comprises forming crossing sets of crinkles in said web by crowding said web back on itself, said crinkles lying in substantially straight lines, non-coincident with either axis.

2. A process of producing stretchability laterally and longitudinally in a web, which comprises producing in said web diagonal crinkles by crowding said web back on itself, said crinkles lying in substantially straight lines.

3; A process of producing multi-lateral stretchability in a web which comprises producing in said web by crowding said web back on itself, a plurality of superposed and crossing sets of creping crinkles.

4. A process of producing multi-lateral stretchability in a web, which comprises forming in said web a plurality of superposed sets of crossing creping crinkles, two at least of said sets having opposite inclinations to the longitudinal axis of v said web.

5. A process of producing multi-lateral stretchability in a web which comprises creping a web by crowding said web back on itself to form therein a plurality of creping crinkles disposed at an angle to an axis of said web, and thereafter re-creping. said web by crowding said web back on itself to produce therein a plurality of creping crinkles crossing said first set and angularly disposed with reference thereto.

6. A process of, producing a multi-laterally stretchable web, which comprises causing said web to adhere. to a creping surface, moving a knife and said creping surface with said web relatively to each other, said knife presenting a linear creping edge to said web along a line having a nonrectangular relationship to the direction of said movement. A

'7 A process of creping a web, which comprises causing said web to adhere to a creping surface,

causing said surface and a creping knife to move relatively to each other, said knife having a linear edge disposed at an angle to the path of said movement, and bringing said paper away from said knife in a plane substantially parallel to but at an angle-to the direction of said first mentioned movement.

8. A process of creping a web which comprises causing said web to adhere to a creping surface, I

moving said creping surface and said web with respect to a knife having a linear edge angularly disposed to the direction of said movement, and carrying the web away from said knife after con tact therewith at substantially a right angle to .said first mentioned path of movement.

9. A process of creping a web which comprises causing said web to adhere to a creping surface,

,moving said creping surface and said web with respect to a knife angularly disposed to the direction of said movement, and carrying theweb away from said knife after'contact therewith at substantially a right angle to said first mentioned path of movement, causing said web to adhere to another creping surface and moving said surface and another creping knife relatively to each other,

said knife being disposed at an angle to said last mentioned direction of movement, and removing ment and substantially parallel with said first mentioned direction of movement, but opposite:

- thereto.

10. A process of producing multilateral stretchability in a web, which comprises forming in said web, by crowding said web back on itself crossing sets of crinkles substantially at right angles to each other. 7 V 11. A process of producing multilateral stretchability in a web, which comprises forming in said web crossing sets of crinkles, both of said sets lying at other than a right angle to an axis of said web.

12. A process of producing a multi-laterally stretchable'web, which comprises causing a web to adhere to a creping surface, moving said surface and a creping knife relative to each other, carrying said web away from contact with said knife at an angle to the direction of said movement, but in a substantially parallel plane, and so proportioning the angular disposition of vsaid knife with respect to said first mentioned movement and the amount of stretchability put into said web as to cause said second direction of movement to lie at substantially an angle of 90 degrees to said first mentioned direction of movement.

13. A process of producing a multi-laterally stretchable web, which comprises causing a web to adhere to a creping surface, moving said surface and a creping knife relatively to each other, carrying said web away from contact with said knife at an angle to the direction of said movement, and so proportioning the angular disposition of said knife with respect to said first mentioned movement and the amount of stretchability put into said web as to cause said second direction of movement to lie at substantially an angle of 90 degrees to said first mentioned direction of movement, causing said web to adhere to a second creping surface, moving said surface and a second creping knife relatively to each other, and so proportioning the angularity of said second knife to the path of movement of the web approaching it and the amount of stretch put into said web that said web leaves said second creping knife substantially at an angle of 90 degrees to its direction of motion in approaching said knife. 7

1 WILLIAM C. KEMP,

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