US20080009859A1 - Transseptal left atrial access and septal closure - Google Patents
Transseptal left atrial access and septal closure Download PDFInfo
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- US20080009859A1 US20080009859A1 US11/695,467 US69546707A US2008009859A1 US 20080009859 A1 US20080009859 A1 US 20080009859A1 US 69546707 A US69546707 A US 69546707A US 2008009859 A1 US2008009859 A1 US 2008009859A1
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- opening
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- sealing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B18/1492—Probes or electrodes therefor having a flexible, catheter-like structure, e.g. for heart ablation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/0057—Implements for plugging an opening in the wall of a hollow or tubular organ, e.g. for sealing a vessel puncture or closing a cardiac septal defect
- A61B2017/00575—Implements for plugging an opening in the wall of a hollow or tubular organ, e.g. for sealing a vessel puncture or closing a cardiac septal defect for closure at remote site, e.g. closing atrial septum defects
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00005—Cooling or heating of the probe or tissue immediately surrounding the probe
- A61B2018/00011—Cooling or heating of the probe or tissue immediately surrounding the probe with fluids
- A61B2018/00029—Cooling or heating of the probe or tissue immediately surrounding the probe with fluids open
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00053—Mechanical features of the instrument of device
- A61B2018/00214—Expandable means emitting energy, e.g. by elements carried thereon
- A61B2018/0022—Balloons
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00053—Mechanical features of the instrument of device
- A61B2018/00214—Expandable means emitting energy, e.g. by elements carried thereon
- A61B2018/0022—Balloons
- A61B2018/0025—Multiple balloons
- A61B2018/00261—Multiple balloons arranged in a line
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00315—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for treatment of particular body parts
- A61B2018/00345—Vascular system
- A61B2018/00351—Heart
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00571—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for achieving a particular surgical effect
- A61B2018/00619—Welding
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B2018/1405—Electrodes having a specific shape
- A61B2018/1407—Loop
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to the medical arts and specifically to transseptal methods, devices, and systems for accessing the left atrium of a patient's heart and for sealing closed an opening in the septum and/or for sealing septal tissue together.
- the left atrium can be accessed by puncturing across the septum of the heart at the fossa ovalis membrane, typically the thinnest part of the septum, with a needle-like device such as a Brockenbough needle. While this technique has been widely known since the 1950 's, it has not been used largely because the technique has not proven reliable or secure. Misalignment or the incorrect orientation of the needle against the septum, for example, may have severe consequences for the patient, including perforation of the left atrium of the heart or perforation of a patient's aorta. Inadvertent perforations of the inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus have also been reported as a possible complication of this technique. Therefore, rapid, precise and controlled methods and devices for crossing the interatrial septum are needed. The present invention meets these, as well as other, needs.
- the invention is directed at methods and radiofrequency (RF) devices for crossing an interatrial septum and sealing an opening in it closed.
- RF radiofrequency
- FIGS. 1A-1C are schematics illustrating the types of opening and closure patterns that can be created in the interatrial septum in accordance with the present invention.
- FIGS. 2-4 illustrate various embodiments of RF penetrating probes in accordance with the present invention.
- FIGS. 5-6 illustrate various embodiments of RF sealing probes in accordance with the present invention.
- openings 3 in a wide variety of patterns and sizes can be created in the septum 1 in accordance with the present invention, including but not limited to: single slits 5 ( FIG. 1A ), radial slits 7 ( FIG. 1B ) and a plurality of bisecting slits 9 ( FIG. 1C ) as illustrated in FIGS. 1A-1C .
- FIG. 1 further illustrates yet another aspect of the invention involving the use of an adaptively shaped RF sealing device or catheter to close the various types of openings 3 .
- the dotted lines in FIG. 1 depict the shapes of various RF sealing devices or catheters that can be preferentially used to close septal openings 3 and join septal tissues 1 flaps together.
- FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 illustrates various embodiments of RF penetrating devices 11 .
- the various RF penetrating devices 11 are comprised of an RF penetrating probe 13 located at a distal end 15 .
- the RF penetrating probe 13 is comprised of one or more wires 17 arranged in a particular shape.
- the RF penetrating probes 13 are made of shape memory wires 17 (such as Nitinol) to ensure the correct formation of the desired shape when the RF penetrating probe 13 is exposed inside the right atrium.
- the correct shape and orientation of the RF penetrating probe 13 and wires 17 against the septum 1 will determine the pattern of the opening 3 created in the septum 1 by the RF penetrating probe 13 .
- the wires 17 or electrodes When energized, the wires 17 or electrodes will supply sufficient RF energy to affect tissue penetration upon contact in the pattern dictated by the arrangement of the RF probe 13 .
- Each wire 17 of an RF penetrating probe 13 can be configured as a wire electrode, or in yet another implementation, each wire may be comprised of one or more spaced RF electrodes located within insulated shape memory wires.
- the electrodes of an RF penetrating probe 11 can be configured to operate as monopolar or bipolar electrodes delivering sufficient RF current to electrosurgically penetrate septal tissue 1 on contact.
- various strategies can be implemented to prevent sticking of tissues to the RF penetrating probes 13 , wires 17 or electrodes described herein.
- various fluids or gels may be used to prevent sticking of tissues during the penetration procedure.
- Yet another possible implementation may include a fluid (cooling or conductive) eluted from one or more ports located on a guide catheter.
- a fluid, coating or gel can be used on the RF probes 13 , wires 17 , or electrodes themselves to prevent tissue adhesion to the devices.
- one or more feedback sensors may be incorporated the present invention, preferably located adjacent to the RF penetration probes 13 to prevent unintended injury.
- the one or more feedback sensors can be configured to measure tissue impedances, temperatures, etc. as a means of preventing or controlling tissue heating, overheating or excessive tissue adhesion caused by heat generation.
- FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of an RF penetration probe 13 for creating a slit-like opening 5 in the septum 1 of a patient's heart.
- the RF probe 13 comprises a relatively straight RF wire 17 .
- RF wire 17 is attached to a connection member 23 , which secures it to the distal end 15 of the RF penetration catheter 11 .
- RF wire 17 can be configured as a wire electrode or can be comprised of a electrode located preferably in the middle of wires 17 wherein the ends of wire are insulated as illustrated.
- the size of the RF wire 17 or the electrode will depend on the desired size of the septal opening 3 ; if a longer slit 5 is desired a larger RF wires 17 or electrode may be employed.
- RF wire 17 is operationally connected by lead wires, or other like means, to an RF generator or energy source (not shown).
- FIG. 3 illustrates yet another embodiment of an RF penetration probe 13 .
- RF penetration probe 13 is comprised of a plurality of wires 17 radiating from center point 0 .
- the wires 17 of the RF penetration probe 13 which are preferably straight, are secured to connection member at center point 0 .
- This RF penetration probe 13 illustrated in FIG. may be used to create the type of opening 7 depicted in FIG. 1B .
- FIG. 4 illustrates yet another embodiment of the present invention wherein RF penetration probe 13 comprise a plurality of bisecting RF wires 17 that can be used to affect an opening 9 of the type illustrated in FIG. 1C .
- Each wire 17 in these embodiments may be configured as a wire electrode 17 or portions of the wire may be insulated 21 .
- FIGS. 5 and 6 yet another aspect of the invention, is provided.
- various RF tissue sealing devices or catheters 31 comprising a distally located RF sealing probe 33 .
- the RF sealing probe 33 is comprised of one or more wires 17 arranged in a pre-determined shape.
- the RF tissue sealing devices 31 can be configured as separate catheter device insertable into a guide catheter, or alternatively, can adapted to extend from the distal end of a guide catheter by use of a manipulator. For example, movement of a manipulator may control extension or retraction of both an RF penetrating device 11 and an RF sealing device 31 from the distal end of a guide catheter.
- RF wires 17 are configured to be operable at less intense modalities than the electrodes of an RF penetrating device 11 or probe 13 .
- the RF sealing probes 33 and the electrodes comprised therein are configured to heat, melt or coagulate tissues coming in contact with it.
- heating of tissues at less intense parameters will trigger a healing response in the RF heated tissues, which will contribute and further promote closure of an opening and promote sealing of septal tissues.
- the RF sealing probes 33 of the present invention can be configured in a variety of shapes and sizes depending on the opening 3 to be closed. As illustrated in FIG., RF sealing probe 33 may be a circular wire 35 or a straight wire 37 . Circular or straight type wires 35 , 37 can be used to seal an opening 3 having several different patterns; for example, a circularly shaped RF sealing probe 35 can be used to seal a radial 7 or slit type 5 opening as illustrated in FIG. 1 .
- the various devices of the invention can be used similarly.
- the RF devices (including the tissue penetrating 11 , 13 and sealing devices, catheters, probes 31 , 33 ) can be delivered as a component of a catheter assembly system.
- the catheter assembly can comprise: a conventional guide or sheath catheter that can be introduced over a guidewire (not shown), an RF penetrating device 11 and/or an RF sealing device 31 .
- the catheter assembly can be introduced into the right atrium from a number of access points using well known catheterization techniques. For example, to gain access to a patient's vasculature and the right atrium of the heart, commercially available introducers can be inserted into a vessel such as into the femoral vein or artery.
- the introducer can be of a variety of sizes, 4-14 French.
- the guide catheter should be readily insertable into an introducer and extend from the access point to the septum; this will require use of a guide catheter about 80-120 cm long and about 4-14 French.
- the guide catheter can be manufactured in accordance with a variety of known techniques, including as an extrusion of an appropriate material, such as high density polyethylenes (HDPE), polytetrafluoroethylenes, nylons, polyether-block amides, polyurethanes, polyimides, polyolefin copolyester and the like.
- HDPE high density polyethylenes
- polytetrafluoroethylenes such as polytetrafluoroethylenes, nylons, polyether-block amides, polyurethanes, polyimides, polyolefin copolyester and the like.
- other catheter materials well known in the catheter art, as well as various braiding techniques may be employed depending on the desired catheter performance characteristics.
- the guide catheter can be manufactured to be self-positioning to a desired location on a septum 3 .
- the guide catheter can be adapted so its distal tip preferentially locates to pre-determined position (such as at the fossa ovalis or above it), in which case the appropriate braiding technique can be used to affect preferential positioning of the distal tip of the catheter.
- Other component of the catheter assembly in addition to a guide catheter, can include one or more of the following: an RF penetrating device 11 , an RF sealing device 31 , a guidewire, imaging components and the like. These components can be configured to be inserted into and extend out of the distal end of a guide catheter.
- these components such as the RF devices 11 , 31 can be configured to be extendable from the distal tip of guide catheter via a manipulator or other like means located at a proximal end of the guide catheter.
- these devices 11 , 31 can be configured to extend only to pre-determined distances from the distal end of a guide catheter to ensure accurate penetration of the interatrial septum 1 .
- An RF penetrating device or catheter 5 can then be advanced into the guide catheter 43 and an RF penetrating probe 13 extended from its distal end.
- the RF penetration probe 43 should be placed into contact against the septum 1 , and the electrodes energized to affect penetration.
- Pressure exerted on the proximal end of the RF penetration device or catheter 11 can used to ensure contact of septal tissue and the RF penetration probe 13 .
- Other possible implementations include configuring the guide catheter to include a vacuum or suction port to help immobilize septal tissue against the RF penetration probe 13 during septal penetration.
- the RF penetrating device or catheter 11 can be withdrawn from the guide catheter and replaced with other diagnostic or therapeutic devices or catheters. Once the left atrium has been sufficiently accessed and the other devices and catheters withdrawn, the closing or sealing procedure can be initiated using the RF sealing device or catheter 31 of the present invention.
- a RF sealing probe 33 should be delivered into the right atrium and the RF wire or electrodes 17 energized. As previously described, activation of the RF sealing probe 33 will cause tissue and collagen melting, as well as coagulation, around the tissue flaps 1 of a septal opening 3 . In addition, a heat-induced healing process, including scar formation and cell proliferation, will further contribute to of the septal closure and adhesion of the septal tissues.
- the RF sealing devices and catheters 31 may be configured and used not only to seal actively created openings 3 but also those that occur naturally (ASDs, PFOs, floppy or aneurismal septums or PFOs).
- the distal end of an RF treatment catheter can be delivered adjacent an aneurismal or floppy PFO and RF energy applied to tighten the loose or septal tissue.
Abstract
Methods, systems, and devices for transseptal access into the left atrium of a heart. In one embodiment an apparatus for transseptal left atrial access comprised of a catheter adapted for insertion into a vessel and one or more RF devices adapted to be extendable from the distal end of said catheter and configured for the penetration or sealing of septal tissue.
Description
- A portion of this patent document contains material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner does not object to the facsimile reproduction of the patent document as it appears in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.
- The present invention relates generally to the medical arts and specifically to transseptal methods, devices, and systems for accessing the left atrium of a patient's heart and for sealing closed an opening in the septum and/or for sealing septal tissue together.
- With recent advances in the cardiovascular arts, there's a renewed interest in finding safe and uncomplicated methods for accessing the left atrium of a patient's heart. Currently, a retrograde transaortal technique is most often and involves advancing a catheter through the aorta, into the left ventricle, accessing the left atrium from the left ventricle. However, this path into the left atrium is tortuous. A simple and more attractive alternative is accessing the left atrium directly from the right atrium by crossing the interatrial septum (“septum”) that divides the two atrial chambers of the heart. The right atrium can be easily accessed and crossing the septum is the only requirement to entering the left atrium.
- The left atrium can be accessed by puncturing across the septum of the heart at the fossa ovalis membrane, typically the thinnest part of the septum, with a needle-like device such as a Brockenbough needle. While this technique has been widely known since the 1950's, it has not been used largely because the technique has not proven reliable or secure. Misalignment or the incorrect orientation of the needle against the septum, for example, may have severe consequences for the patient, including perforation of the left atrium of the heart or perforation of a patient's aorta. Inadvertent perforations of the inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus have also been reported as a possible complication of this technique. Therefore, rapid, precise and controlled methods and devices for crossing the interatrial septum are needed. The present invention meets these, as well as other, needs.
- Broadly, the invention is directed at methods and radiofrequency (RF) devices for crossing an interatrial septum and sealing an opening in it closed.
- In yet another aspect of the invention, methods, RF systems and devices for sealing septal tissue are provided.
- In yet another aspect of the invention, methods, RF systems, and devices for sealing closed an naturally occurring opening in a heart is a provided.
- These, as well as other additional embodiments and features of the invention, will appear in the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
-
FIGS. 1A-1C are schematics illustrating the types of opening and closure patterns that can be created in the interatrial septum in accordance with the present invention. -
FIGS. 2-4 illustrate various embodiments of RF penetrating probes in accordance with the present invention. -
FIGS. 5-6 illustrate various embodiments of RF sealing probes in accordance with the present invention. - Broadly, methods, systems and RF devices for crossing the
septum 1 and creatingopenings 3 of a specified size and pattern are provided. Methods, systems and RF devices for closing theseopenings 3 and joining septal tissue are also provided.Openings 3 in a wide variety of patterns and sizes can be created in theseptum 1 in accordance with the present invention, including but not limited to: single slits 5 (FIG. 1A ), radial slits 7 (FIG. 1B ) and a plurality of bisecting slits 9 (FIG. 1C ) as illustrated inFIGS. 1A-1C . The specific shape or pattern of theopening 3 is determined by the configuration of the wire(s) or electrodes(s) located on the distal end of an RF penetrating device or catheter as described herein.FIG. 1 further illustrates yet another aspect of the invention involving the use of an adaptively shaped RF sealing device or catheter to close the various types ofopenings 3. The dotted lines inFIG. 1 depict the shapes of various RF sealing devices or catheters that can be preferentially used to closeseptal openings 3 and joinseptal tissues 1 flaps together. - Turing now to the other figures,
FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 illustrates various embodiments ofRF penetrating devices 11. The variousRF penetrating devices 11 are comprised of anRF penetrating probe 13 located at adistal end 15. TheRF penetrating probe 13 is comprised of one ormore wires 17 arranged in a particular shape. In a preferred embodiment, theRF penetrating probes 13 are made of shape memory wires 17 (such as Nitinol) to ensure the correct formation of the desired shape when theRF penetrating probe 13 is exposed inside the right atrium. The correct shape and orientation of theRF penetrating probe 13 andwires 17 against theseptum 1 will determine the pattern of theopening 3 created in theseptum 1 by theRF penetrating probe 13. When energized, thewires 17 or electrodes will supply sufficient RF energy to affect tissue penetration upon contact in the pattern dictated by the arrangement of theRF probe 13. - Each
wire 17 of anRF penetrating probe 13 can be configured as a wire electrode, or in yet another implementation, each wire may be comprised of one or more spaced RF electrodes located within insulated shape memory wires. The electrodes of anRF penetrating probe 11 can be configured to operate as monopolar or bipolar electrodes delivering sufficient RF current to electrosurgically penetrateseptal tissue 1 on contact. As will be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art, various strategies can be implemented to prevent sticking of tissues to theRF penetrating probes 13,wires 17 or electrodes described herein. In one possible implementation, various fluids or gels (either cooling and/or electrically conductive) may be used to prevent sticking of tissues during the penetration procedure. Yet another possible implementation may include a fluid (cooling or conductive) eluted from one or more ports located on a guide catheter. Alternatively, a fluid, coating or gel can be used on theRF probes 13,wires 17, or electrodes themselves to prevent tissue adhesion to the devices. In addition, one or more feedback sensors may be incorporated the present invention, preferably located adjacent to theRF penetration probes 13 to prevent unintended injury. The one or more feedback sensors can be configured to measure tissue impedances, temperatures, etc. as a means of preventing or controlling tissue heating, overheating or excessive tissue adhesion caused by heat generation. -
FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of anRF penetration probe 13 for creating a slit-like opening 5 in theseptum 1 of a patient's heart. As shown, theRF probe 13 comprises a relativelystraight RF wire 17.RF wire 17 is attached to aconnection member 23, which secures it to thedistal end 15 of theRF penetration catheter 11. A described above,RF wire 17 can be configured as a wire electrode or can be comprised of a electrode located preferably in the middle ofwires 17 wherein the ends of wire are insulated as illustrated. The size of theRF wire 17 or the electrode will depend on the desired size of theseptal opening 3; if alonger slit 5 is desired alarger RF wires 17 or electrode may be employed. Though not illustrated,RF wire 17 is operationally connected by lead wires, or other like means, to an RF generator or energy source (not shown). -
FIG. 3 illustrates yet another embodiment of anRF penetration probe 13. In this embodiment,RF penetration probe 13 is comprised of a plurality ofwires 17 radiating fromcenter point 0. Thewires 17 of theRF penetration probe 13, which are preferably straight, are secured to connection member atcenter point 0. ThisRF penetration probe 13 illustrated in FIG. may be used to create the type of opening 7 depicted inFIG. 1B . -
FIG. 4 illustrates yet another embodiment of the present invention whereinRF penetration probe 13 comprise a plurality of bisectingRF wires 17 that can be used to affect anopening 9 of the type illustrated inFIG. 1C . Eachwire 17 in these embodiments may be configured as awire electrode 17 or portions of the wire may be insulated 21. - Turing to
FIGS. 5 and 6 , yet another aspect of the invention, is provided. In this aspect, various RF tissue sealing devices orcatheters 31 comprising a distally locatedRF sealing probe 33, are illustrated. TheRF sealing probe 33 is comprised of one ormore wires 17 arranged in a pre-determined shape. Similar to theRF penetrating devices 11, the RFtissue sealing devices 31 can be configured as separate catheter device insertable into a guide catheter, or alternatively, can adapted to extend from the distal end of a guide catheter by use of a manipulator. For example, movement of a manipulator may control extension or retraction of both anRF penetrating device 11 and anRF sealing device 31 from the distal end of a guide catheter. To affect closure,RF wires 17, or electrodes of aRF sealing device 31, are configured to be operable at less intense modalities than the electrodes of anRF penetrating device 11 orprobe 13. Specifically, the RF sealing probes 33 and the electrodes comprised therein are configured to heat, melt or coagulate tissues coming in contact with it. In addition, as provided in the art, heating of tissues at less intense parameters will trigger a healing response in the RF heated tissues, which will contribute and further promote closure of an opening and promote sealing of septal tissues. - Like the RF penetration probes 13, the RF sealing probes 33 of the present invention can be configured in a variety of shapes and sizes depending on the
opening 3 to be closed. As illustrated in FIG.,RF sealing probe 33 may be acircular wire 35 or astraight wire 37. Circular orstraight type wires opening 3 having several different patterns; for example, a circularly shapedRF sealing probe 35 can be used to seal aradial 7 or slittype 5 opening as illustrated inFIG. 1 . - The various devices of the invention can be used similarly. The RF devices (including the tissue penetrating 11, 13 and sealing devices, catheters, probes 31, 33) can be delivered as a component of a catheter assembly system. The catheter assembly can comprise: a conventional guide or sheath catheter that can be introduced over a guidewire (not shown), an
RF penetrating device 11 and/or anRF sealing device 31. First, the catheter assembly can be introduced into the right atrium from a number of access points using well known catheterization techniques. For example, to gain access to a patient's vasculature and the right atrium of the heart, commercially available introducers can be inserted into a vessel such as into the femoral vein or artery. The introducer can be of a variety of sizes, 4-14 French. The guide catheter should be readily insertable into an introducer and extend from the access point to the septum; this will require use of a guide catheter about 80-120 cm long and about 4-14 French. The guide catheter can be manufactured in accordance with a variety of known techniques, including as an extrusion of an appropriate material, such as high density polyethylenes (HDPE), polytetrafluoroethylenes, nylons, polyether-block amides, polyurethanes, polyimides, polyolefin copolyester and the like. However, other catheter materials well known in the catheter art, as well as various braiding techniques, may be employed depending on the desired catheter performance characteristics. In one embodiment, the guide catheter can be manufactured to be self-positioning to a desired location on aseptum 3. For example, the guide catheter can be adapted so its distal tip preferentially locates to pre-determined position (such as at the fossa ovalis or above it), in which case the appropriate braiding technique can be used to affect preferential positioning of the distal tip of the catheter. Other component of the catheter assembly, in addition to a guide catheter, can include one or more of the following: anRF penetrating device 11, anRF sealing device 31, a guidewire, imaging components and the like. These components can be configured to be inserted into and extend out of the distal end of a guide catheter. Alternatively, these components, such as theRF devices devices interatrial septum 1. - An RF penetrating device or
catheter 5 can then be advanced into the guide catheter 43 and anRF penetrating probe 13 extended from its distal end. The RF penetration probe 43 should be placed into contact against theseptum 1, and the electrodes energized to affect penetration. Pressure exerted on the proximal end of the RF penetration device orcatheter 11 can used to ensure contact of septal tissue and theRF penetration probe 13. Other possible implementations include configuring the guide catheter to include a vacuum or suction port to help immobilize septal tissue against theRF penetration probe 13 during septal penetration. - Once a desired
opening 3 has been created, the RF penetrating device orcatheter 11 can be withdrawn from the guide catheter and replaced with other diagnostic or therapeutic devices or catheters. Once the left atrium has been sufficiently accessed and the other devices and catheters withdrawn, the closing or sealing procedure can be initiated using the RF sealing device orcatheter 31 of the present invention. To affect closure or sealing of anatrial opening 3, aRF sealing probe 33 should be delivered into the right atrium and the RF wire orelectrodes 17 energized. As previously described, activation of theRF sealing probe 33 will cause tissue and collagen melting, as well as coagulation, around the tissue flaps 1 of aseptal opening 3. In addition, a heat-induced healing process, including scar formation and cell proliferation, will further contribute to of the septal closure and adhesion of the septal tissues. - As will be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art, the RF sealing devices and
catheters 31 may be configured and used not only to seal actively createdopenings 3 but also those that occur naturally (ASDs, PFOs, floppy or aneurismal septums or PFOs). In one method of treatment, the distal end of an RF treatment catheter can be delivered adjacent an aneurismal or floppy PFO and RF energy applied to tighten the loose or septal tissue. - While this invention has been described in terms of specific embodiments, other embodiments will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention is not intended to be limited by the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but rather, by the full scope of the claims.
Claims (24)
1-29. (canceled)
30. A method for treating a patient, comprising:
introducing a catheter into a patient's right atrium;
forming an opening in septal tissue between the patient's right atrium and the patient's left atrium;
passing at least one of a diagnostic device and a therapeutic device through the opening;
performing at least one of a diagnostic process and a therapeutic process in the left atrium with the at least one device; and
removing the at least one device through the opening.
31. The method of claim 30 , further comprising sealing the opening.
32. The method of claim 31 , wherein sealing the opening includes sealing the opening from the right atrium.
33. The method of claim 31 , wherein sealing the opening includes sealing the opening with RF energy.
34. The method of claim 30 , further comprising sealing a PFO.
35. The method of claim 30 , further comprising tightening loose septal tissue.
36. The method of claim 30 , wherein forming an opening includes forming an opening with RF energy.
37. The method of claim 36 , wherein forming an opening includes forming an opening with a monopolar RF electrode.
38. The method of claim 30 , wherein forming an opening includes forming an opening with a bipolar RF electrode.
39. The method of claim 30 , wherein forming an opening includes forming at least one slit.
40. The method of claim 39 , wherein forming at least one slit includes forming a single slit.
41. The method of claim 30 , wherein forming at least one slit includes forming multiple slits.
42. The method of claim 30 , further comprising immobilizing the septal tissue while forming an opening in the septal tissue.
43. The method of claim 30 , further comprising sensing a characteristic of the septal tissue.
44. The method of claim 43 , wherein sensing a characteristic of the septal tissue includes sensing a tissue impedance.
45. The method of claim 43 , wherein sensing a characteristic of the septal tissue includes sensing a tissue temperature.
46. The method of claim 30 , further comprising eluting at least one of a cooling fluid and an electrically conductive fluid from the catheter.
47. A device for treating a patient comprising:
an intravenous catheter configured to be introduced into a patient's right atrium, the catheter having a distal portion and a proximal portion;
a tissue penetrating device carried by the catheter, the tissue penetrating device including an RF electrode deployable from the distal portion of the catheter and configured to make an opening in septal tissue between the patient's right atrium and left atrium;
an RF energy source coupled to the tissue penetrating device at the proximal portion of the catheter; and
at least one of a diagnostic device and a therapeutic device carried by the catheter and deployable from the distal portion through the opening made by the tissue penetrating device and into the left atrium.
48. The device of claim 47 , wherein the RF electrode is shaped to make a slit in the septal tissue.
49. The device of claim 47 , further comprising a tissue sealing member carried by the catheter.
50. The device of claim 47 , wherein the electrode includes a monopolar electrode.
51. The device of claim 47 , wherein the electrode includes a bipolar electrode.
52. The device of claim 47 , further comprising a tissue sensor carried by the catheter.
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US11/695,467 US20080009859A1 (en) | 2003-02-13 | 2007-04-02 | Transseptal left atrial access and septal closure |
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US10/856,475 US8052677B2 (en) | 2003-02-13 | 2004-05-28 | Transseptal left atrial access and septal closure |
US11/695,467 US20080009859A1 (en) | 2003-02-13 | 2007-04-02 | Transseptal left atrial access and septal closure |
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US10/856,475 Continuation US8052677B2 (en) | 2003-02-13 | 2004-05-28 | Transseptal left atrial access and septal closure |
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US11/650,348 Abandoned US20070203479A1 (en) | 2003-02-13 | 2007-01-05 | Transseptal closure of a patent foramen ovale and other cardiac defects |
US11/695,467 Abandoned US20080009859A1 (en) | 2003-02-13 | 2007-04-02 | Transseptal left atrial access and septal closure |
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US10/856,475 Expired - Fee Related US8052677B2 (en) | 2003-02-13 | 2004-05-28 | Transseptal left atrial access and septal closure |
US11/650,348 Abandoned US20070203479A1 (en) | 2003-02-13 | 2007-01-05 | Transseptal closure of a patent foramen ovale and other cardiac defects |
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Also Published As
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US8052677B2 (en) | 2011-11-08 |
US20070088355A9 (en) | 2007-04-19 |
US20040243122A1 (en) | 2004-12-02 |
US8021359B2 (en) | 2011-09-20 |
US20070203479A1 (en) | 2007-08-30 |
US20080312646A9 (en) | 2008-12-18 |
US20050033288A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
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