US20070057162A1 - Non-heavy metal optical bandpass filter in electro-optical readers - Google Patents
Non-heavy metal optical bandpass filter in electro-optical readers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20070057162A1 US20070057162A1 US11/225,321 US22532105A US2007057162A1 US 20070057162 A1 US20070057162 A1 US 20070057162A1 US 22532105 A US22532105 A US 22532105A US 2007057162 A1 US2007057162 A1 US 2007057162A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- plastic member
- light
- path
- dielectric coating
- dye
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/22—Absorbing filters
- G02B5/223—Absorbing filters containing organic substances, e.g. dyes, inks or pigments
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/28—Interference filters
- G02B5/285—Interference filters comprising deposited thin solid films
Abstract
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention generally relates to electro-optical readers, such as scanners and imagers, for reading codes such as bar code symbols and, more particularly, to an optical bandpass filter for filtering light traveling along a path to a photodetector in such readers, and especially to rendering the filter of non-heavy metals.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- Electro-optical readers, such as bar code symbol scanners and solid state imagers, have found wide acceptance in retail, wholesale, industrial and military applications. The scanner typically illuminates a symbol comprised of regions of different light reflectivity, senses light of different intensity scattered from the symbol regions with a photodetector such as a photodiode, and determines widths and spacings of the symbol regions to derive information encoded in the symbol. The imager determines the widths and spacings of the symbol regions by capturing and processing an image of the symbol, the image capture being performed by a photodetector such as an array of photocells.
- In both types of readers, the photodetector senses the light incident thereon. The light includes the desired light scattered from the symbol regions, as well as undesired light, such as ambient light, sunlight, and light reflected off other objects in the field of view of the reader. An optical bandpass filter is commonly employed in front of the photodetector to allow only the desired light to pass through to the photodetector, and to reject the undesired light. Detection of the undesired light compromises reader performance and can even lead to failure to read the symbol.
- It was known in the prior art to make an optical bandpass filter using a clear glass member with an infrared-blocking coating and a Wratten filter, which consists of a brittle cellophane material. It was expensive and difficult to cut to shape the Wratten filter without waste since the Wratten filter tended to fall apart during cutting or punching.
- In the case of a moving beam reader where a red laser beam having a wavelength of about 650 nm is swept across the symbol to be read, it was known in the prior art to make the exit window of the reader of a red-colored, plastic material, such that the window itself formed part of the bandpass filter. However, the use of plastic for the exit window made the reader susceptible to scratching and color fading due to exposure to sunlight or chemicals.
- It was also known to position the optical bandpass filter inside the reader in front of the photodetector. In the case of the red laser beam, the filter included a red-colored glass member having a dielectric coating to set the higher passband value. The red color of the glass member is caused by a coloring, one of whose components is cadmium which is operative to set the lower passband value. The cadmium is introduced while the glass member is in a molten state.
- The use of cadmium, however, is considered by some governmental authorities to pose a potential hazard to the environment. Cadmium is a known eye and skin irritant and has been linked to lung and kidney disease, as well as cancer. Cadmium, like other heavy metals, can be a source of pollution if it is present in high concentrations, or if it is extracted from the glass member by either some natural process, or during the disposal process, for example, by grinding or pulverization.
- Accordingly, it is a general object of this invention to make an optical bandpass filter devoid of heavy metals, especially cadmium, considered by some authorities to be hazardous.
- In keeping with the above object and others which will become apparent hereinafter, one feature of the present invention resides, briefly stated, in an optical bandpass filter and a method of making and using the filter without heavy metals. The filter is operative for filtering light traveling along a path to a photodetector in an electro-optical reader for reading indicia such as bar code symbols.
- In accordance with this invention, a plastic member is located in the path, and a dye comprised of elements not considered by authorities as being hazardous is distributed throughout the plastic member. For example, as noted above, cadmium is considered by some authorities as a hazardous element, and the dye is devoid of cadmium. The dye is operative for absorbing the light having wavelengths shorter than a lower passband value. A dielectric coating is also located in the path. The coating is operative for reflecting the light having wavelengths longer than a higher passband value.
- By way of example, if the reader sweeps a red laser beam having a wavelength on the order of 650 nm, then the lower passband value at 50% transmission is about 625 nm, whereas the higher passband value at 50% transmission is about 690 nm. The filter substantially allows most of the light having wavelengths between 625 nm and 690 nm to reach the photodetector while substantially blocking most of the light having wavelengths outside of these wavelengths, all without using cadmium or other heavy metal elements.
- The dielectric coating may be applied to an outer surface of the plastic member or, as is preferred, the coating is applied to a glass plate located in the path. The glass plate is not only an ultraviolet (UV) filter, but is a convenient support for the coating. In a typical application, high temperatures are needed to deposit the coating, and such high temperatures can soften or melt many plastic materials. By depositing the coating on glass, the glass will not deform under the high temperatures normally encountered during deposition of the coating.
- The photodiode is typically encapsulated in a plastic housing. Hence, in another embodiment, the dye is preferably distributed in the plastic housing and, hence, a separate plastic member is not necessary.
- In other embodiments, a collection lens is sometimes used to collect and direct the light to the photodetector. If the lens is made of plastic, then the dye could be distributed throughout the plastic lens. If the lens is made of glass, then the dielectric coating could conveniently be deposited thereon.
- The novel features which are considered as characteristic of the invention are set forth in particular in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to its construction and its method of operation, together with additional objects and advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following description of specific embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
-
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of an electro-optical reader in which an optical bandpass filter in accordance with this invention is used; -
FIG. 2 is a bandpass characteristic of the filter ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIGS. 3-6 are diagrammatic views of different embodiments of the filter ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIGS. 7-8 are diagrammatic views of other embodiments of the filter ofFIG. 1 ; and -
FIG. 9 is a graph comparing the bandpass characteristics of the embodiments ofFIGS. 7-8 . - Referring now to the drawings,
reference numeral 10 inFIG. 1 generally identifies a portable reader for electro-optically reading indicia such as bar code symbols. Thereader 10 is preferably implemented as a gun shaped device, having a pistol-grip handle 53. A lightweightplastic housing 55 contains alight source 46, adetector 58,optics 57,signal processing circuitry 63, a programmedmicroprocessor 40, and a power source orbattery pack 62. Anexit window 56 at a front end of thehousing 55 allows anoutgoing light beam 51 to exit and incoming reflectedlight 52 to enter. An operator aims the reader at abar code symbol 70 from a position in which thereader 10 is spaced from the symbol, i.e., not touching the symbol or moving across the symbol. - The
optics 57 may include a suitable lens (or multiple lens system) to focus thelight beam 51 into a scanning spot at an appropriate reference plane. Thelight source 46, such as a semiconductor laser diode, introduces a light beam into an optical axis of thelens 57, and other lenses or beam shaping structures as needed. The beam is reflected from anoscillating mirror 59 which is coupled to ascanning drive motor 60 energized when atrigger 54 is manually pulled. The oscillation of themirror 59 causes theoutgoing beam 51 to scan back and forth in a desired pattern, such as a scan line or a raster pattern of scan lines, across the symbol. - The
light 52 reflected or scattered back by thesymbol 70 passes back through thewindow 56 for transmission to thedetector 58. In the exemplary reader shown inFIG. 1 , the reflected light reflects off themirror 59, passes through anoptical bandpass filter 47 and impinges on the lightsensitive detector 58. As described in detail below, thefilter 47 is typically designed to have a bandpass characteristic in order to pass the reflected (return) laser light and block the light coming from other optical sources. Thedetector 58 produces an analog signal proportional to the intensity of the reflectedlight 52. - The signal processing circuitry includes a
digitizer 63 mounted on a printedcircuit board 61. The digitizer processes the analog signal fromdetector 58 to produce a pulse signal where the widths and spacings between the pulses correspond to the widths of the bars and the spacings between the bars of the symbol. The digitizer serves as an edge detector or wave shaper circuit, and a threshold value set by the digitizer determines what points of the analog signal represent bar edges. The pulse signal from thedigitizer 63 is applied to a decoder, typically incorporated in the programmedmicroprocessor 40 which will also have associated program memory and random access data memory. Themicroprocessor decoder 40 first determines the pulse widths and spacings of the signal from the digitizer. The decoder then analyzes the widths and spacings to find and decode a legitimate bar code message. This includes analysis to recognize legitimate characters and sequences, as defined by the appropriate code standard. This may also include an initial recognition of the particular standard to which the scanned symbol conforms. This recognition of the standard is typically referred to as autodiscrimination. - To scan the
symbol 70, the operator aims thebar code reader 10 and operates themovable trigger switch 54 to activate thelight source 46, thescanning motor 60 and the signal processing circuitry. If thescanning light beam 51 is visible, the operator can see a scan pattern on the surface on which the symbol appears and adjust aiming of thereader 10 accordingly. If thelight beam 51 produced by thesource 46 is marginally visible, an aiming light may be included. The aiming light, if needed, produces a visible light spot which may be fixed, or scanned just like thelaser beam 51. The operator employs this visible light to aim the reader at the symbol before pulling the trigger. - The
reader 10 may also function as a portable data collection terminal. If so, the reader would include akeyboard 48 and adisplay 49. - As previously mentioned, the
optical bandpass filter 47 is operative for filtering the light 52 traveling along a path to thephotodetector 58. The light 52 passes through thewindow 56 to themirror 59 for reflection therefrom through thefilter 47 to the photodetector. Anoptional collection lens 45 may be used to focus the light 52 onto the photodetector. If thelaser 46 emits a red beam having a wavelength on the order of 650 nm, then it is desired that thefilter 47 only allows light in the vicinity of 650 nm to pass and reach the photodetector. -
FIG. 2 depicts a typical bandpass characteristic for thefilter 47, in which a lower passband wavelength is set at about 625 nm at about 50% transmittance, and a higher passband wavelength is set at about 690 nm at about 50% transmittance. These numerical values are merely exemplary. As described above, the higher passband wavelength is conventionally established by a dielectric coating on a glass member, whereas a red coloring in the glass member established the lower passband wavelength. Yet, one of the components of the red coloring is cadmium which is regarded by some authorities as posing safety and environmental hazards. - In accordance with one feature of this invention, cadmium is eliminated. As shown in the
FIG. 3 embodiment, theoptical filter 47 comprises aplastic member 70 throughout which a dye, as represented by stippling, is distributed. The dye is devoid of cadmium and is operative for absorbing the light having wavelengths shorter than the lower passband wavelength. Adielectric coating 72 is likewise provided in the path and is operative for reflecting the light having wavelengths longer than the higher passband wavelength. Thecoating 72 is actually a plurality of reflective coatings applied one on top of another, each coating being a fraction of a micron in thickness and being reflective of light of a different wavelength so as to cause interference between light of different wavelengths. In theFIG. 3 embodiment, thecoating 72 is applied directly on an outer surface of the red-colored plastic member 70. - In the
FIG. 4 embodiment, thedielectric coating 72 is applied on an outer surface of aglass plate 74. The application of thecoating 72 is performed at elevated temperatures sufficient to melt or at least deform plastic, such as theplastic member 70. Hence, to withstand such elevated temperatures, thecoating 72 is performed on a glass plate.FIG. 4 depicts that thecoated glass plate 74 and the red coloredplastic member 70 are discrete elements spaced apart from one another. This was done for convenience of illustration because, in practice, thecoated glass plate 74 is adhered directly to the red coloredplastic member 70, typically with a light-transmissive glue. Theglass plate 74 also serves as an ultraviolet light filter. - Rather than providing the
plastic member 70 as a discrete component, theFIG. 5 embodiment depicts that theplastic member 70 encapsulates thephotodiode 58. Thephotodiode 58 is often encapsulated in aplastic housing 76, and the embodiment ofFIG. 5 proposes that the dye be distributed throughout this plastic housing. Thedielectric coating 72 can then be applied directly to thecolored housing 76 as shown inFIG. 5 , or can be applied to theglass plate 74 either remote from theplastic housing 76 as shown inFIG. 6 or adhered thereto. - In the event that the
collection lens 45 is employed, then thelens 45 can be integrated into the filter. For example, if thelens 45 is constituted of glass, then the lens can serve as theglass plate 74 in the embodiments ofFIGS. 4 and 6 . If thelens 45 is constituted of plastic, then the lens can serve as theplastic member 70 in the embodiments ofFIGS. 3 and 4 . - As depicted in
FIGS. 7-8 , theplastic member 70, together with theglass plate 74 on which thedielectric coating 72 is applied, is situated between alight collection mirror 80 and thephotodiode 58.FIG. 7 is analogous toFIG. 4 , except that the positions of theplastic member 70 and the glass plate have been reversed. The only difference between the embodiments ofFIGS. 7-8 is that one of the surfaces of the plastic member is planar inFIG. 7 , whereas one of the surfaces of the plastic member is concave inFIG. 8 . The bandpass characteristic of the optical filter ofFIG. 7 is shown by a solid line inFIG. 9 , whereas the bandpass characteristic of the optical filter ofFIG. 8 is shown by a broken line inFIG. 9 . - The incident angle of the light impinging on the
glass plate 74 inFIG. 7 is larger as compared to that ofFIG. 8 . As the incident angle is reduced, the effective bandwidth of the filter characteristic is likewise reduced. Hence, by changing the curvature of the plastic member, the bandpass characteristic can be tuned. - By avoiding the use of cadmium and other heavy metals, the electro-optical reader is compliant with governmental restrictions on the use of hazardous materials.
- It will be understood that each of the elements described above, or two or more together, also may find a useful application in other types of constructions differing from the types described above.
- While the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied in optical bandpass filters in electro-optical readers, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and structural changes may be made without departing in any way from the spirit of the present invention.
- Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily adapt it for various applications without omitting features that, from the standpoint of prior art, fairly constitute essential characteristics of the generic or specific aspects of this invention and, therefore, such adaptations should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalence of the following claims.
- What is claimed as new and desired to be protected by Letters Patent is set forth in the appended claims.
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/225,321 US7180052B1 (en) | 2005-09-13 | 2005-09-13 | Non-heavy metal optical bandpass filter in electro-optical readers |
JP2008530104A JP2009508163A (en) | 2005-09-13 | 2006-08-31 | Non-heavy metal optical bandpass filters in electro-optic readers. |
CN2006800335969A CN101263574B (en) | 2005-09-13 | 2006-08-31 | Non-heavy metal optical bandpass filter in electro-optical readers |
EP06790116.5A EP1925014B1 (en) | 2005-09-13 | 2006-08-31 | Non-heavy metal optical bandpass filter in electro-optical readers |
PCT/US2006/034016 WO2007032920A2 (en) | 2005-09-13 | 2006-08-31 | Non-heavy metal optical bandpass filter in electro-optical readers |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/225,321 US7180052B1 (en) | 2005-09-13 | 2005-09-13 | Non-heavy metal optical bandpass filter in electro-optical readers |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US7180052B1 US7180052B1 (en) | 2007-02-20 |
US20070057162A1 true US20070057162A1 (en) | 2007-03-15 |
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ID=37744957
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/225,321 Active US7180052B1 (en) | 2005-09-13 | 2005-09-13 | Non-heavy metal optical bandpass filter in electro-optical readers |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7180052B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1925014B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2009508163A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101263574B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007032920A2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111712724A (en) * | 2018-02-21 | 2020-09-25 | 索尼半导体解决方案公司 | Distance measuring system, light receiving module, and method of manufacturing band pass filter |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7823783B2 (en) | 2003-10-24 | 2010-11-02 | Cognex Technology And Investment Corporation | Light pipe illumination system and method |
US9070031B2 (en) | 2003-10-24 | 2015-06-30 | Cognex Technology And Investment Llc | Integrated illumination assembly for symbology reader |
US7874487B2 (en) | 2005-10-24 | 2011-01-25 | Cognex Technology And Investment Corporation | Integrated illumination assembly for symbology reader |
US7604174B2 (en) | 2003-10-24 | 2009-10-20 | Cognex Technology And Investment Corporation | Method and apparatus for providing omnidirectional lighting in a scanning device |
US9536124B1 (en) | 2003-10-24 | 2017-01-03 | Cognex Corporation | Integrated illumination assembly for symbology reader |
US7823789B2 (en) | 2004-12-21 | 2010-11-02 | Cognex Technology And Investment Corporation | Low profile illumination for direct part mark readers |
US9292724B1 (en) | 2004-12-16 | 2016-03-22 | Cognex Corporation | Hand held symbology reader illumination diffuser with aimer optics |
US7617984B2 (en) * | 2004-12-16 | 2009-11-17 | Cognex Technology And Investment Corporation | Hand held symbology reader illumination diffuser |
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US4969716A (en) * | 1989-04-03 | 1990-11-13 | Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc. | Solder sealed bandpass filter and method of making |
US20030209669A1 (en) * | 2002-05-09 | 2003-11-13 | Chou Bruce C. S. | Miniaturized infrared gas analyzing apparatus |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS60232504A (en) * | 1984-05-02 | 1985-11-19 | Minolta Camera Co Ltd | Optical filter |
JP3506618B2 (en) * | 1998-11-18 | 2004-03-15 | ウシオ電機株式会社 | Incandescent light bulb for yellow light emission |
US20020005509A1 (en) * | 1999-01-21 | 2002-01-17 | Chia-Chi Teng | Dye combinations for image enhancement filters for color video displays |
CN2480915Y (en) * | 2001-04-23 | 2002-03-06 | 张玉君 | Light filter structure for bar-code scanner |
DE10141102A1 (en) * | 2001-08-22 | 2003-04-03 | Schott Glas | Cadmium-free optical steep edge filters |
-
2005
- 2005-09-13 US US11/225,321 patent/US7180052B1/en active Active
-
2006
- 2006-08-31 WO PCT/US2006/034016 patent/WO2007032920A2/en active Application Filing
- 2006-08-31 JP JP2008530104A patent/JP2009508163A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-08-31 CN CN2006800335969A patent/CN101263574B/en active Active
- 2006-08-31 EP EP06790116.5A patent/EP1925014B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4969716A (en) * | 1989-04-03 | 1990-11-13 | Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc. | Solder sealed bandpass filter and method of making |
US20030209669A1 (en) * | 2002-05-09 | 2003-11-13 | Chou Bruce C. S. | Miniaturized infrared gas analyzing apparatus |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111712724A (en) * | 2018-02-21 | 2020-09-25 | 索尼半导体解决方案公司 | Distance measuring system, light receiving module, and method of manufacturing band pass filter |
EP3757603A4 (en) * | 2018-02-21 | 2021-04-07 | Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corporation | Ranging system, light receiving module, and method for manufacturing band-pass filter |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2009508163A (en) | 2009-02-26 |
EP1925014A2 (en) | 2008-05-28 |
CN101263574A (en) | 2008-09-10 |
EP1925014B1 (en) | 2015-06-10 |
CN101263574B (en) | 2012-05-02 |
US7180052B1 (en) | 2007-02-20 |
WO2007032920A3 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
EP1925014A4 (en) | 2012-03-21 |
WO2007032920A2 (en) | 2007-03-22 |
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