US20050116526A1 - Pixelated support structures and elements - Google Patents
Pixelated support structures and elements Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050116526A1 US20050116526A1 US10/972,153 US97215304A US2005116526A1 US 20050116526 A1 US20050116526 A1 US 20050116526A1 US 97215304 A US97215304 A US 97215304A US 2005116526 A1 US2005116526 A1 US 2005116526A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- support
- pixelated
- spring
- support structure
- tier
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C7/00—Parts, details, or accessories of chairs or stools
- A47C7/02—Seat parts
- A47C7/28—Seat parts with tensioned springs, e.g. of flat type
- A47C7/282—Seat parts with tensioned springs, e.g. of flat type with mesh-like supports, e.g. elastomeric membranes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C23/00—Spring mattresses with rigid frame or forming part of the bedstead, e.g. box springs; Divan bases; Slatted bed bases
- A47C23/002—Spring mattresses with rigid frame or forming part of the bedstead, e.g. box springs; Divan bases; Slatted bed bases with separate resilient support elements, e.g. elastomeric springs arranged in a two-dimensional matrix pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C23/00—Spring mattresses with rigid frame or forming part of the bedstead, e.g. box springs; Divan bases; Slatted bed bases
- A47C23/04—Spring mattresses with rigid frame or forming part of the bedstead, e.g. box springs; Divan bases; Slatted bed bases using springs in compression, e.g. coiled
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C23/00—Spring mattresses with rigid frame or forming part of the bedstead, e.g. box springs; Divan bases; Slatted bed bases
- A47C23/04—Spring mattresses with rigid frame or forming part of the bedstead, e.g. box springs; Divan bases; Slatted bed bases using springs in compression, e.g. coiled
- A47C23/05—Frames therefor; Connecting the springs to the frame ; Interconnection of springs, e.g. in spring units
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C23/00—Spring mattresses with rigid frame or forming part of the bedstead, e.g. box springs; Divan bases; Slatted bed bases
- A47C23/06—Spring mattresses with rigid frame or forming part of the bedstead, e.g. box springs; Divan bases; Slatted bed bases using wooden springs, e.g. of slat type ; Slatted bed bases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C23/00—Spring mattresses with rigid frame or forming part of the bedstead, e.g. box springs; Divan bases; Slatted bed bases
- A47C23/12—Spring mattresses with rigid frame or forming part of the bedstead, e.g. box springs; Divan bases; Slatted bed bases using tensioned springs, e.g. flat type
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C7/00—Parts, details, or accessories of chairs or stools
- A47C7/02—Seat parts
- A47C7/025—Springs not otherwise provided for in A47C7/22 - A47C7/35
- A47C7/027—Springs not otherwise provided for in A47C7/22 - A47C7/35 with elastomeric springs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C7/00—Parts, details, or accessories of chairs or stools
- A47C7/02—Seat parts
- A47C7/029—Seat parts of non-adjustable shape adapted to a user contour or ergonomic seating positions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C7/00—Parts, details, or accessories of chairs or stools
- A47C7/02—Seat parts
- A47C7/14—Seat parts of adjustable shape; elastically mounted ; adaptable to a user contour or ergonomic seating positions
- A47C7/144—Seat parts of adjustable shape; elastically mounted ; adaptable to a user contour or ergonomic seating positions with array of movable supports
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C7/00—Parts, details, or accessories of chairs or stools
- A47C7/02—Seat parts
- A47C7/24—Upholstered seats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C7/00—Parts, details, or accessories of chairs or stools
- A47C7/02—Seat parts
- A47C7/24—Upholstered seats
- A47C7/26—Upholstered seats with reinforcement of the external layer of the upholstery, e.g. vandal resistant
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C7/00—Parts, details, or accessories of chairs or stools
- A47C7/02—Seat parts
- A47C7/28—Seat parts with tensioned springs, e.g. of flat type
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C7/00—Parts, details, or accessories of chairs or stools
- A47C7/02—Seat parts
- A47C7/28—Seat parts with tensioned springs, e.g. of flat type
- A47C7/30—Seat parts with tensioned springs, e.g. of flat type with springs meandering in a flat plane
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C7/00—Parts, details, or accessories of chairs or stools
- A47C7/02—Seat parts
- A47C7/34—Seat parts with springs in compression, e.g. coiled
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
- F16F1/025—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant characterised by having a particular shape
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
- F16F1/04—Wound springs
- F16F1/12—Attachments or mountings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
Abstract
Support elements and support structures form the basis of ergonomic body supports for chairs, mattresses and other structures. The support elements may be individually designed according to their location and body support function. Thus, the structures that include the support elements may provide point-tailored support for any part of the body to enhance comfort, fit, and proper anatomical support.
Description
- This application takes the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/513,775, titled PIXELATED SUPPORT STRUCTURES AND ELEMENTS, filed Oct. 23, 2003, and also takes the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/599,201, titled PIXELATED SUPPORT STRUCTURES AND ELEMENTS, filed Aug. 5, 2004. This application incorporates U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/513,775 by reference in its entirety and also incorporates U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/599,201 by reference in its entirety.
- 1. Technical Field
- The present invention relates to body support structures that may be incorporated into, for example, a chair. In particular, the present invention relates to support structures that incorporate individual or pixelated support elements.
- 2. Background Information
- People spend a significant number of hours sitting each day. Regardless of the task being performed, or the leisure activity being pursued, support structures that properly support the body not only make the individual more comfortable, but may also provide significant health benefits. For this reason, extensive research and development has occurred and continues to occur into support structures for chairs, mattresses, and so forth.
- In the past, for example, bed systems have encompassed a wide range of designs, ranging from simple cushions to complex arrangements of individual bearing elements. These past designs have been successful to varying degrees, but do not always provide the appropriate level of support for each part of the body. Thus, while some progress has been made in providing ergonomic body support structures, there remains a need for improved support structures that provide excellent fit and comfort, as well as healthy support for the body, across a wide range of individual body types.
- Structural components consistent with the present invention provide pixelated body support elements as well as pixelated body support structures incorporating the pixelated body support elements. The support structures may be employed in the design of a backrest or seat for a chair, as examples, or may be incorporated into any other body support device (e.g., a mattress or bed system). The pixelated support elements may be independently designed according to their selected or assigned location in the support structure. The resultant design may thereby provide point-tailored support for the body that varies according to support most beneficial or desirable for any given body region.
- In one implementation, a pixelated support element for a pixelated support structure may include a spring cradle that includes a cradle base and a spring support structure. In addition, the pixelated support element includes a spring element at least partially disposed in the spring cradle. The spring cradle may then be designed to impart a selected spring stiffness to the spring element.
- In another implementation, the pixelated support element may include an upper support layer defining a series of peaks and valleys and a lower base layer also defining a series of peaks and valleys. Additionally, an elastomer material is disposed between the upper support layer and the lower base layer, and imparts a selected degree of stiffness to the pixelated support element.
- Similarly, a pixelated support structure consistent with the present invention may include a support spine, a spline disposed laterally across the support spine, and cantilever branches extending outwardly from the spline. Each cantilever branch may include a terminal end connected to the spline, a support end opposite the terminal end, and a load bearing element connected to the support end. Additionally, a bridging connection is provided between pixelated support elements, thereby connecting sets of load bearing elements together into larger groups (e.g., a 2×2 or 4×4 group of load bearing elements). The bridging connection between elements prevents neighboring support elements from pinching the body between them as they flex differentially.
- In a similar implementation, the pixelated support structure may include a support spine, a first spline laterally disposed across the support spine, and multiple pixelated support elements connected to the spline in a longitudinal array across the spline. A wide variety of pixelated support elements may be employed. As one example, one or more of the pixelated support elements may include a spline connection, a spring arm emerging from the spline connection, and a load bearing element at the end of the spring arm.
- Generally, the support spine may be curved in accordance with a selected anatomical structure. Thus, as examples, the support spine may take the form of a back rest curved spine, or a seat rest curved spine.
- In addition, the support spine may be flexible lengthwise so that the support elements follow gross motions of the body. The overall support structure may then have a springing action all along its length (both cantilever and torsional), or may be hinged along its length and driven into the desired position, for example, by rigid body mechanics.
-
FIG. 1 illustrates an elastic block pixelated support element resting a spring cradle. -
FIG. 2 depicts a spring arm pixelated support element resting in a spring cradle. -
FIG. 3 illustrates an interconnection structure for pixelated support elements. -
FIG. 4 shows another example of a pixelated support element. -
FIG. 5 illustrates a perspective view of a pixelated support element including an upper support layer, a lower base layer, and a tensile membrane between the upper support layer and the lower base layer. -
FIG. 6 shows a side view of the pixelated support element ofFIG. 5 . -
FIG. 7 shows a pixelated support element including a double action spring. -
FIG. 8 portrays a pixelated support element including two support arms. -
FIG. 9 shows a second view of the pixelated support element ofFIG. 7 . -
FIG. 10 illustrates exemplary dimensioning for the pixelated support element shown inFIG. 7 . -
FIG. 11 depicts a support structure including pixelated support elements lending a rotational aspect to the load bearing elements. -
FIG. 12 shows another example of a support structure including multiple pixelated support elements. -
FIG. 13 shows a pixelated support element ofFIG. 12 , in an uncompressed and a compressed state. -
FIG. 14 shows a pixelated support structure including load bearing elements support by cantilevers. -
FIG. 15 depicts a second view of the pixelated support structure ofFIG. 14 . -
FIG. 16 shows a pixelated support structure including a flexible spine and crossing splines. -
FIG. 17 shows another view of the pixelated support structure ofFIG. 16 . -
FIG. 18 shows a side view of the pixelated support structure shown inFIG. 11 . -
FIG. 19 shows a side view of the pixelated support structure shown inFIG. 12 . -
FIG. 20 shows an interconnected set of pixelated support elements. -
FIG. 21 presents a support diagram of the human body. -
FIG. 22 shows a cutaway section of a continuous surface that includes individual support elements. -
FIG. 23 illustrates a variation of the support element illustrated inFIG. 8 . -
FIG. 24 portrays a variation on the cantilevered support structure shown inFIG. 14 . -
FIG. 25 presents a second view of the cantilevered support structures shown inFIG. 24 . -
FIG. 26 shows a section of support elements arranged along a common spine. -
FIG. 27 illustrates a variation of the pixelated support element shown inFIG. 7 . -
FIG. 28 portrays a support element made from a wire and mesh. -
FIG. 29 shows a support element made form a wire and mesh. -
FIG. 30 illustrates an extruded section of support elements such as those shown inFIG. 8 . -
FIG. 31 shows a view of a multi-tier pixelated support structure. -
FIG. 32 shows a second view of the multi-tier pixelated support structure shown inFIG. 31 . -
FIG. 33 illustrates a third view of the multi-tier pixelated support structure shown inFIG. 31 . -
FIG. 34 shows dimensional information for the multi-tier pixelated support structure shown inFIG. 31 . -
FIG. 35 shows a view of another implementation of a multi-tier pixelated support structure. -
FIG. 36 shows a second view of the multi-tier pixelated support structure shown inFIG. 35 . -
FIG. 37 illustrates a third view of the multi-tier pixelated support structure shown inFIG. 35 . -
FIG. 38 shows dimensional information for the multi-tier pixelated support structure shown inFIG. 35 . -
FIG. 39 shows a side view of a multi-tier pixelated support structure. -
FIG. 40 shows a top view of a multi-tier pixelated support structure. -
FIG. 41 shows a perspective view of a multi-tier pixelated support structure. -
FIG. 42 shows a side view of a multi-tier pixelated support structure. -
FIG. 43 shows a perspective view of a multi-tier pixelated support structure. -
FIG. 44 shows a top view of a torsional pixelated support structure. -
FIG. 45 shows a bottom view of a torsional pixelated support structure. -
FIG. 46 shows a side view of a multi-bar pixelated support structure. -
FIG. 47 shows a perspective view of a multi-bar pixelated support structure. -
FIG. 48 shows a top view of a multi-bar pixelated support structure. -
FIG. 49 shows a pixelated support structure running on an underlying supporting structure. -
FIG. 50 shows a pixelated support structure with translating load bearing elements. -
FIG. 51 shows a pixelated support structure with translating load bearing elements. -
FIG. 52 shows a multiple tier pixelated support structure. -
FIG. 53 shows a structural rocker and arm that may be incorporated into a pixelated support structure. -
FIG. 54 shows a bottom view of a torsional pixelated support structure. -
FIG. 55 shows a bottom perspective view of a torsional pixelated support structure. -
FIG. 56 shows an enlarged view of a portion of a torsional pixelated support structure. -
FIG. 57 shows a side view of a torsional pixelated support structure. -
FIG. 58 shows a side view of a torsional pixelated support structure. -
FIG. 59 shows a triangular load bearing element. -
FIG. 60 shows a bottom view of a pixelated support structure. -
FIG. 61 shows an isometric view of a pixelated support structure. - Before turning to a detailed discussion of the Figures, it is noted that pixelated body support generally refers to an array of individual body-support elements that in combination provide support for some or all of an individual's body. For example, the body support may include an array of closely spaced pixelated support elements that define a support surface for an individual. As will be explained in more detail below, the pixelated support elements may take many forms, including, for example a spring-loaded element formed as, or biased by, mechanical or pneumatic springs or by other devices. Furthermore, the stiffness or biasing force of the pixelated support elements may be individually designed as desired to suit the particular body support needs of the individual and the application.
- Several exemplary implementations of pixelated support elements (referred to below as “elements” or “support elements”) are discussed next. Subsequently, pixelated support structures that may incorporate the pixelated support elements are presented.
- With regard first to
FIG. 1 , that figure shows twopixelated support elements support element 100 is shown in an uncompressed state, while thesupport element 102 is shown in a compressed state. Eachsupport element support element 100 includes a spring cradle 104 that may generally be regarded as including a cradle base 106 and aspring support structure 108. In addition, aspring element 110 is partially disposed in the spring cradle 104. As shown inFIG. 1 , the spring cradle 104 provides an open area forming aspring compression area 112. The spring cradle 104 is attached (e.g., through adhesive bonding or mechanical linkage) to aspline 114. - In this instance, the
spring element 110 is an elastic element that is shown as roughly rectangular or block shaped. However, it is noted that any other geometric shape may be used instead, depending on the desired characteristics of the particular design. Because thespring element 110 is elastic, it therefore deforms as weight is applied (e.g., aselement 102 illustrates), and recovers as the weight is removed (e.g., aselement 100 illustrates). In one implementation, thespring element 110 may be a gel filled structure. - The
spring compression area 112 is shown as an open space between thespring element 110 and thespring support structure 108. The larger thespring compression area 112, the softer the associatedspring element 110 feels. Likewise, the smaller thespring compression area 112, the stiffer the associatedspring element 110 feels. Thus, as examples, the radius and depth of the spring cradle 104 may be individually designed for each spring cradle to provide a pre-selected amount of stiffness for the associatedspring element 110. -
FIG. 2 shows a top view and a side view of a secondpixelated support element 200. Theelement 200 includes aspring cradle 202 that may generally be regarded as including acradle base 204 and aspring support structure 206. Thecradle base 204 attaches to thespline 208. In addition, aspring element 210 is partially disposed in thespring cradle 202. Thespring element 210 includes fourelastic spring arms - At end of each spring arm 212-218 is an L-shaped
load bearing element - The
spring support structure 206 is formed as a cradle arm for each elastic spring arm 212-218. The cradle arm extends along the elastic spring arms 212-218, thereby imparting a pre-selected tension in the each spring arm 212-218. The tension may be individually adjusted for each spring arm 212-218, and individually adjusted from support element to support element by changing the materials, dimensions, or length of cradle arm extending along the elastic spring arm. The height of the cradle arm is denoted inFIG. 2 as dimension A. -
FIG. 3 illustrates an interconnection structure for pixelated support elements. In particular,FIG. 3 shows afirst support element 302 and asecond support element 304. Each support element 302-304 may be constructed as noted above with regard toFIG. 2 , as an example. However, rather than or in addition to being attached to a spline, the support elements 302-304 may include theirown branches 306. - Each
branch 306 includes an interconnection mechanism at each end. The interconnection mechanism may include amale connector 308 on one end of thebranch 306 and a mating female connector 310 on the opposite end of thebranch 306. Then support elements 302-304 may then be coupled together to form a linear array of elements in which theconnected branches 306 form a spline. -
FIG. 4 shows another example ofpixelated support elements 400 arranged along aspline 402. Theelements 400 are formed as acurved shell 404 that terminates in aspring arm 406. Thespring arm 406 may be formed as an undulating section of material that provides tension and a restorative force when a load is applied that causes a portion of thecurved shell 404 pushes down on thespring arm 406. - Turning next to
FIG. 5 , that figure shows a perspective view of apixelated support element 500. More specifically, thepixelated support element 500 includes anupper support layer 502 and alower base layer 504. Anelastomer material 506 is disposed between theupper support layer 502 and thelower base layer 504. -
FIG. 6 shows a side view of thepixelated support element 500 ofFIG. 5 .FIG. 6 shows that theupper support layer 502 includes a series ofpeaks 602 andvalleys 604. Similarly, thelower base layer 504 includes a series ofpeaks 606 andvalleys 608 disposed such that thepeaks 606 align with thevalleys 604. - The
peaks FIG. 6 illustrates three such separation distances in decreasing order of magnitude withreference numerals 610, 612, and 614. Similarly,FIG. 6 shows that the peaks and valleys may have independently adjustable heights and depths, as shown byreference numerals upper support layer 502. As one example, the travel distance may be set to be approximately 1 inch, although longer and shorter distances may also be employed. - The
elastomer material 506 stretches both up and down when a load is applied to theupper support layer 502. The spring range provided by theelastomer material 506 is determined by the height of the peaks of both theupper support layer 502 and thelower base layer 504. In one implementation, the height of the peaks and the depths of the valleys may be approximately 1 inch. The spring rate may be varied by changing the separation distance between peaks as shown inFIG. 6 . - For example, when the separation distance is greater (as shown on by the
separation distance 610 on the left side ofFIG. 6 ), the corresponding portion of theelement 500 provides a softer feel. Alternatively, when the separation distance is less (as shown by the separation distances 612-614 on the right side ofFIG. 6 ), then theelement 500 also provides a stiffer feel. As examples, the separation distances 610, 612, and 614 may be 2.0 inches, 1.625 inches, and 1.5 inches. In addition, the material or thickness of theelastomer material 506 may be varied at design time to impart addition or lesser stiffness in any particular area. Theelastomer material 506 may be made from many different materials, including a polymer material such as Hytrel(™) material (elasticized polyethelene), Santoprene(™) material (elastomerized polypropylene), Polyisopene(™) material, or a polybutadience or polyurethane material. - Thus, the
element 500 allows the spring rate and resultant stiffness to be tailored across theelement 500. As a result, theelement 500 may be made stiffer where significant pressure is exerted, and softer where less pressure is exerted (or when a softer feel is desired). -
FIG. 7 provides another example of apixelated support element 700. Theelement 700 includes an upperload bearing element 702, alower base element 704, and a spring system between the upperload bearing element 702 and thelower base element 704. The spring system includes acompression spring 706 between the upper and lower elements 702-704, and anelastomeric spring 708 disposed below thecompression spring 706. The two springs 706-708 provide sufficient restoring force, while allowing a height reduction in which theelement 700 functions. - The
compression spring 706 may be a conical compression spring integrally molded to the upperload bearing element 702. Theelastomeric spring 708 may then be an elastomeric membrane retained co-axially with thecompression spring 706. Retention may be accomplished using the perimeter of thecompression spring 706, or by adding a nipple toelastomeric spring 706 to retain thecompression spring 706. - In one implementation, the
compression spring 706 is substantially softer than theelastomeric spring 708 and thus compresses first. When compressed, thecompression spring 706 may then form a conical solid plunger that engages theelastomeric spring 708. Theelastomeric spring 708 then begins to stretch in elongation. - The
overall element 700 may provide linear spring action in two regions: first during compression of the compression spring 706 (and minor stretching of elastomeric spring 708) and then a second, steeper spring rate as theelastomeric spring 708 stretches. Either spring 706-708 may be set to be the primary travel, or it may be evenly split between the two springs 706-708. -
FIG. 7 shows that the upperload bearing element 702 may be formed into a pixelated upper load bearing element array. For example, the upper array may include thepixelated elements lower base element 704 may then be formed as a pixelated lower base element array, including correspondingpixelated elements FIG. 7 . AlthoughFIG. 7 shows 2×2 pixelated arrays of square pixelated elements 710-724, the array may be larger or smaller in any particular dimension, and may include pixelated elements that are rectangular, round, or any other shape. -
FIGS. 8-10 show another implementation for apixelated support element 800.FIGS. 8 and 9 provide a perspective view of theelement 800, which includes aspline connection 802,spring arms elements element 800 may be a single molded piece (e.g., of thermoplastic elastomer), or constructed from separate components secured together by fasteners. In one implementation, theload bearing elements support element 800 retain horizontal orientation when loaded with a vertically downward force. - The
spline connection 802 provides an interference fit connector that may slide onto or snap onto a generally round spline. More generally, thespline connection 802 provides a base connection that may be attached or adhered to an underlying support structure. In an alternate embodiment, however, thesupport element 800 may be molded as a single piece with a spline or with a spline and a spine, such as those shown below inFIGS. 16 and 17 . As another example, thebase connection 802 may include cross pin holes through which a securing pin may be inserted to secure thesupport element 800 to a spline (including matching cross pin holes). - The underlying support structure may be a substantially one dimensional spline, or may be a two dimensional rigid or flexible backing structure. The backing structure may take the shape, as examples, of a backrest or a seat rest for a chair, optionally ergonomically curved. Thus, the backrest may be curved to provide back support that includes lumbar support, while the seat may be curved to provide support that matches the natural curves of the buttocks and thighs.
- The
spring arms spline connection 802 to provide a pair of compression arms that extend upwardly from thespline connection 802. Theload bearing elements spring arms FIGS. 8-10 , thespring arms -
FIG. 10 provides exemplary dimensions for theelement 800 that are particularly suitable when theelement 800 is incorporated into a pixelated support structure in a chair. -
FIG. 11 depicts asupport structure 1100 including pixelated support elements (three of which are labeled 1102, 1104 and 1106) coupled together. More specifically, each of the pixelated support elements, for example theelement 1102, includes aload bearing element 1108, androtational arms rotational arm 1112. - Although the load bearing elements are show as circular, they may take another shape in accordance with the particular design. The helical rotational arms 1110-1114, through the support couplings, allow the pixelated support elements to rotate off-center (e.g., as shown, counterclockwise) and move together when a load is applied to the load bearing elements. The load bearing elements may thus provide a shearing action that provides a pleasant feel to the body.
- In general, the
support structure 1100 may be formed through a molding process. In particular, a thermoplastic elastomer may be injected into a mold providing the load bearing element, rotational arm, and support coupling elements set forth above. - Turning briefly to
FIG. 18 , that Figure shows aside view 1800 of a portion of thesupport structure 1100.FIG. 18 shows theload bearing element 1108 and its three helicalrotational arms rotational arm 1112 is shown connected to thesupport coupling 1116. The support couplings may be secured to a rigid base of an underlying support structure. -
FIG. 12 shows another example of asupport structure 1200 including multiple pixelatedsupport elements 1202. Eachsupport element 1202 includes four load bearing elements, for example, theload bearing elements lower base element 1212 is provided for eachsupport element 1202, andcantilever support arms lower base element 1212. A distance R separates thelower base element 1212 and the load bearing elements.Material cutouts - The
support structure 1200 may be formed in a manner similar to thesupport structure 1100. For example, a mold may be formed to provide the load bearing element, base element, and support arm shapes shown inFIG. 12 . A thermoplastic elastomer may then be injected into the mold to realize thesupport structure 1200. The base elements may be secured to a rigid base of an underlying support structure. -
FIG. 13 shows aside view 1300 of a portion of thesupport structure 1200, in anuncompressed state 1302 and acompressed state 1304. As shown inFIG. 13 , thecantilever support arms load bearing elements lower base element 1212. Thecantilever support arms load bearing elements cantilever support arms - Turning briefly to
FIG. 19 , that Figure shows aside view 1900 of a portion of thesupport structure 1200. The side view shows the state of thesupport structure 1200 in an unloaded state. More specifically,FIG. 19 shows theload bearing elements cantilever support arms base element 1212. - The pixelated support elements discussed above (or those of other design) may be incorporated into pixelated support structures, several examples of which are set forth below.
- With regard next to
FIG. 14 , apixelated support structure 1400 is shown. Thestructure 1400 includessplines spline 1402, and load bearing elements (six of which are labeled 1412, 1414, 1416,1418, 1420, and 1422). -
FIG. 14 also shows twosupport spines spline 1402 is disposed laterally across thesupport splines spline 1402, for example as a single injection molded piece) and a support end opposite the terminal end. One terminal end is labeled 1428 and one support end is labeled 1430 inFIG. 14 . - The
load bearing element 1412 connects to the support end of thecantilever branch 1406, and theload bearing element 1414 connects to the support end of thecantilever branch 1404. Similarly, theload bearing element 1416 connects to the support end of thecantilever branch 1408, while theload bearing element 1418 connects to the support end of thecantilever branch 1410. - Bridging connections may connect the individual load bearing elements. The bridging connections give surface continuity that prevents pinching of the skin. For example, as shown in
FIG. 14 , thebridging connection 1432 connects theload bearing elements bridging connection 1432 forms a junction for the four load bearing elements 1412-1418. In other words, sequences of four load bearing elements are connected together (e.g., at their corners) to form 2×2 pixelated groups that extend in a linear array laterally across thespline 1402. In other implementations, the groups may be larger than a 2×2 group or smaller than a 2×2 group. The load bearing elements 1412-1418 are otherwise disconnected from one another, and thereby provide an independent pixel support for the body part at rest on the particular load bearing element. - The
spines splines spines - The spines 1424-1426 may be curved to accommodate a selected anatomical structure. For example, in
FIG. 14 , the spines 1424-1426 are curved to form an ergonomic seat rest. As another example, the spines 1424-1426 may also be curved to form a back rest, including lumbar support. -
FIG. 15 depicts an alternate implementation of apixelated support structure 1500 similar to that shown inFIG. 14 . InFIG. 15 , aspine 1502 supports fivesplines spine 1502. Each spline includes one or more cantilever branches to either side of thespine 1502. Several of the cantilever branches for thespline 1504 are labeled 1514, 1516,1518, and 1520. - Although not illustrated in
FIG. 15 , one or more of the cantilever branches may support a load bearing element as illustrated above inFIG. 14 . Additionally, the load bearing elements may be connected via bridging connections to form pixel groups of multiple bearing elements. As shown above inFIG. 14 , the bridged load bearing elements may then form a one dimensional array laterally across a given cantilever branch, or a two dimensional array extending across multiple cantilever branches. - Turning next to
FIG. 16 , apixelated support structure 1600 includes aspine 1602 and one or more perpendicularly crossing splines (two adjacent splines are labeled 1604 and 1606). Eachspline spine 1604 in one dimension and along the splines 1604-1606 in a second dimension. - As shown in
FIG. 16 , thespine 1602 is curved to form a back rest, including lumbar support. Note also that asimilar spine 1608 and crossing splines (e.g., the spline 1610) may also be provided to form an ergonomically curved seat rest. Thesplines splines spines 1602, 1608) to form a curvature, depression or other shape for supporting the back or buttocks. Suitable construction materials include glass filled nylon, polycarbonates, Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) plastics, and the like. - One or more sections of the spines may be implemented using a flexible material. Thus, for example, the
spine 1602 may include anupper spine section 1612 and alower spine section 1614 that may flex either by chair kinematics or user movement. Theupper spine section 1612 and thelower spine section 1614 may be joined at an inflection point 1616 that may be a floating inflection point, for example. The inflection point may be implemented using a pin, hinge, or other coupling structure. In this manner, for example, thesupport structure 1600 may act as an analog of the human spine, in that thespine section 1612 will flex together with the human spine (e.g., as the user reclines). - In one implementation, the
upper spine section 1612 flexes backwards while thelower spine section 1614 flexes forward. To this end, theupper spine section 1612 may, for example, be sprung forward with a cable and spring assembly that can be overcome by pushing back against theupper spine section 1612. Thus, instead of thesupport spine 1602 being a relatively rigid structure, thesupport spine 1602 may instead flex along one or more sections. As shown inFIG. 16 , for example, thelower spine section 1614 flexes inward to support the lower back, and theupper spine section 1612 flexes backwards. Thespine 1602, splines, and support elements may be formed individually or in combination as a single molded piece. -
FIG. 17 shows another view of apixelated support structure 1700 similar to that shown inFIG. 16 , but including pixelated support elements. InFIG. 17 , splines laterally cross supporting spines (occluded in this view). As with the implementation shown inFIG. 16 , the spines may be constructed as one or more sections of flexible spine sections to provide, for example, a flexible support for the upper and lower back. For example, thespline 1702 extends across a back rest spine near the top of the back rest spine. Thespline 1702 carries multiplepixel support elements 1704. Five of thesupport elements 1704 are shown in position across the innermost portion of thespline 1702, including afirst support element 1706 and afifth element 1708. - The
pixel support elements 1704 may be selected from any of the pixel support elements described above. For example, the pixel support elements shown inFIGS. 8, 9 , and 10 may be connected to (or integrally molded with) the splines through theirspline connection 802. - Note that each
support element 1704 may then includespring arms elements spring arms support spring arm support element 1704 may provide a different level of resistance and support to provide an enhanced ergonomic and comfortable body support. - Many different spring designs may be employed to form a pixelated support element. One example is shown in
FIG. 20 , which shows aninterconnected spring system 2000 that includes multiple interlinkedsprings spring system 2000 includes aninitial termination 2010, which winds into a first spring coil 2012 (as shown, including two turns). Thefirst spring coil 2012 continues through a relativelystraight connector 2014 through a neighboringspring interlinking point 2016 and into a second spring 2018 (as shown, also including two turns). Thespring system 2000 continues across thesprings final termination 2020. - The
spring system 2000 may be implemented, for example, using Dux(R) D-springs available from Dux company of Sweden as part of the Dux Pascal (™) spring system. The Pascal(™) spring system is a cassette system, in which each cassette includes a continuous wire spring inside of tube pockets with a fabric mesh outer layer or shell. The cassettes may be ordered by specifying wire diameter and size. The size may include the number of springs along in one dimension and the number of rows of springs along a second dimension. - Cassettes of different specifications may be employed as desired across a pixelated support structure to tailor support for any part of the body. Thus, for example, stiffer cassettes may be employed where additional support is desired, while softer cassettes may be employed where less support is needed.
- As one example, the pixelated support elements may be designed to give approximately 5 pounds of force at a one inch deflection (per support element). That amount of force may be independently chosen according to the individuals who will use the support structures. For example, taking a hypothetical male weighing 250 lbs, that individual has a median distribution approximated by 5 lbs/4 sq. inches (the area of a 2×2 inch pixel) in the neutral seated position. The values may increase to 9 lbs/4 sq. inches in some areas, and drop to zero around the periphery of the pixel.
- Table 1, below, depicts an array of 2″×2″ support elements supporting the hypothetical individual noted above and were obtained through pressure mapping. The value in each cell is the load carried by that area, with the front of the seat horizontally at the bottom of the table (left to right), and with the centerline of the seat vertically along the table (bottom to top).
TABLE 1 0.0475 0.8075 1.33 1.2425 0.955 3.68 4.195 5.46 2.98 6.595 8.0925 6.1325 5.4025 6.15 8.7675 7.4525 5.025 6.1375 6.6375 3.42 3.745 4.54 4.705 2.4175 2.2825 4.37 4.94 2.105 0.1425 1.2425 1.2125 0.0675 - The pressure map shown in Table 1 may thus help indicate the particular support element stiffnesses desired at any given point, or for any given part of the body.
- Exemplary relative pixel size, material, and stiffness include: Small: Hytrel 4074(™) material, Flex Mod 9.5 ksi, 2.8 lb/in, Medium: Hytrel 4774(™) material, Flex Mod 17 ksi, 5 lb/in, Large: Hytrel 5526(™) material, Flex Mod 30 ksi, 8.8 lb/in, extra-large: Hytrel 6356(™) material, Flex Mod 48 ksi, 14.1 lb/in, and extra-extra-large: Hytrel 7246(™) material, Flex Mod 83 ksi, 24.4 lb/in.
-
FIG. 21 shows a support diagram 2100 of the human body that indicates exemplary locations where additional support may be provided by pixelated support elements. For example, the support elements may be tailored to provide additional support for thecranial cap 2102 or along all or some of thecervical spine 2104. Similarly, thelatissimus dorsi muscles 2106, lumbar/sacrum area 2108 and ischia (the sit bones) 2110 may be targeted for additional support. Other areas that may receive support include thehind leg 2112,feet 2114, andarms 2116 between the wrist and elbow. - The spring rate of the support elements may be individually set for any of the locations. Thus, firmer support may start at higher load areas, with the support optionally feathering out as the support surface extends away. For example, firm support may be provided along the
spine 2104, and softened laterally away form thespine 2104. - Addition examples of pixelated support elements and their implementations are discussed below. For example, with regard to
FIG. 22 , asupport element 2200 is shown in abottom view 2202 and atop view 2204. Thesupport element 2200 represents a cutaway section of a continuous surface. Thesupport element 2200 includes a porous ortextured layer 2206 formed, as examples from foam or a soft composite material. Thetextured layer 2206 provides the primary interface between the sitter and thesuspension elements 2208. - The
suspension elements 2208 may be implemented as springs that rest in acup 2210. The springs may be steel springs, thereby providing a wide range of spring rate tuning capability. Thecups 2210 provide an intermediate transition between the softtextured layer 2206 and the springs and a relatively rigid bottomstructural surface 2212. Note that thetextured surface 2206 may be relieved to enhance air flow and reduce heat buildup. -
FIG. 23 presents asupport element 2300 that is a variation on thepixelated support element 800 shown inFIG. 8 . Specifically, thesupport element 2300 includescutouts load bearing elements load bearing elements -
FIGS. 24 and 25 presentpixelated support structures pixelated support structures 1400 shown inFIG. 14 . In particular, rather than connecting the load bearing elements with bridging connections, the load bearing elements are independent. As examples, the seatrest support elements rest support elements - The interface between the sitter and the support elements (e.g., a soft foam or fabric support) may be made thicker to mask the independent support elements. As noted above, each cantilever branch may be individually tuned to provide selected stiffness. As a result, the seat rest or back rest may provide stiffer or softer support for the body at selected locations.
- Turning next to
FIG. 26 , that figure presents asection 2600 ofsupport elements 2602 arranged along acentral spine 2604. Eachsupport element 2602 includes twocantilever sections cantilever section 2606 includes aload bearing element 2610 and twospring arms - The
spring arms support elements 2602 may, for example, be attached to the spines that form the back rest or seat rest shown inFIGS. 14-17 , 24, or 25 instead of the cantilevered support elements. Thesupport elements 2602 may be manufactured from Hytrel(™) material in an injection molding process. In one implementation, there is approximately 2.0 inches between load bearing element centers, and approximately 1.5-2.0 inches vertically from thespine 2604 to theload bearing elements 2610. -
FIG. 27 shows asupport element 2700 that is a variation of the double action spring pixelatedsupport element 700. More specifically, thesupport element 2700 includes an upperload bearing element 2702, alower base element 2704, and aspring system 2706 between the upperload bearing element 2702 and thelower base element 2704. - The
spring system 2706 includes thecantilever elements 2708 made of a flexible material. Thecantilever elements 2708 flex downwardly to resist the action of theplunger elements 2710 that extend downward from the upperload bearing element 2702. In particular, thecantilever elements 2708, arranged conically, invert to constantly resist the plunging action of theplunger elements 2710. - The
lower base element 2704 andcantilever elements 2708 may be formed from an elastomer, such as Hytrel(™) material, while theupper support element 2702 may be, for example, polypropylene. A co-molding process may be employed to form thelower base element 2704 to integrate thecantilever elements 2708 into the more rigidlower base element 2704. - In addition, the V-
slots 2712 may be included to provide a living hinge between individual lower base elements. Optionally, the intersection of each set of four support elements is left open. As a result, theplunger elements 2710 may articulate to some degree. - Turning to
FIG. 28 , that figure shows asupport element 2800 fabricated from parallel wires 2802 (e.g., steel wire) andmesh 2804 attached between thewires 2802. Thesupport element 2800 may, as shown, be formed into an undulating shape that provides spring action for compression and restoration. Themesh 2804 may be a three dimensional knitted material In one implementation, themesh 2804 is a ‘3 mesh’ manufactured by Muller Textil of Woonsocket, R.I., USA. Themesh 2804 may provide the interface between the sitter and thesupport element 2800 as a whole. -
FIG. 29 also shows asupport element 2900 fabricated frommesh 2902 andspring action filaments 2904. Thesupport element 2900 is formed in a tapered cylindrical shape, though other shapes may also be employed. The top of the truncated tapered cylinder forms a load bearing element. Themesh 2902 may be implemented in the same way as noted above with regard to thesupport element 2800 shown inFIG. 28 . - The
filaments 2904 may be nylon filaments woven by hand into the wall of themesh 2902. The filaments impart a spring effect to themesh 2902 and thereby provide a restorative force as themesh 2902 deforms when a load is applied to the load bearing element. In general, either of thesupport elements -
FIG. 30 shows asection 3000 ofsupport elements 3002 connected at bridging connections 3004 (e.g., a hinge) betweenload bearing elements 3006. Theload bearing elements 3006 are present at the end ofspring arms 3008. Thesupport elements 3002 may be, for example, the support elements illustrated above in FIGS. 8 or 23. - When the
support elements 3002 are connected as shown inFIG. 30 , thesection 3000 imparts a degree of control over theload bearing elements 3006. In other words, thebridging connections 3004 may constrain movement of theload bearing elements 3006 so that they do not catch or pinch the sitter. - The
section 3000 may be extruded as a single piece. Individual sections may then be cut apart in desired lengths to be attached, as examples, to the back rest or seat rest spines shown inFIGS. 14-17 and 24-25. The sections may be attached by employing a mechanical means of snapping or dovetailing thesections 3000 onto the spines. When the wall thickness of thespring arms 3008 is held approximately constant, extrudingmultiple support elements 3002 in asection 3000 may yield a consistent spring rate amongmultiple support elements 3002. On the other hand, when the wall thickness of thespring arms 3008 is varied, the spring rate may be changed. For example, thespring arms 3008 for thecentral support elements 3002 may be made thicker to increase the spring rate for thosesupport elements 3002, and thereby provide additional support. -
FIG. 31 shows a view of a multi-tierpixelated support structure 3100. Thestructure 3100 includes afirst tier 3102, asecond tier 3104 and athird tier 3106. Thethird tier 3106 supportsload bearing elements 3108 that may vary in shape and size. Although sixteen (16)load bearing elements 3108 are shown inFIG. 31 , thestructure 3100 may include more or fewer load bearing elements. Thestructure 3100 may couple tiers 3102-3106 together through hinges such ashinges - Each hinge may be formed from cantilevers or living hinges. For example, the
hinge 3112 includes a first H-shapedcantilever 3116 and a second perpendicularly oriented H-shapedcantilever 3118. Accordingly, the tiers and load bearing elements may support loads by bending in two independent directions. - The hinges may be manufactured from polypropylene, for example. The
structure 3100 may be formed in individual pieces for the load bearing elements, hinges, and tiers. The pieces may then be snapped or otherwise secured together to form theoverall structure 3100. - The
first tier 3102 may provide a connection mechanism to an underlying support structure to which thestructure 3100 will attach. The connection mechanism may be a snap-on interface, bolt or screw holes, or any other type of connection mechanism.Multiple structures 3100 may be attached to the underlying support structure to form a larger pixelated support surface for the back, seat, arms, or other area of the body. - The size of the
load bearing elements 3108, the size of the cantilevers, and the materials that form thestructure 3100 may be independently adjusted to tailor the support provided by the load bearing elements. For example, a back rest incorporating thestructure 3100 may adjust the size of theload bearing elements 3108 to increase support closer toward the spine and down the back. -
FIGS. 32 and 33 show additional views of the multi-tier pixelated support structure shown inFIG. 31 .FIG. 32 shows thestructure 3100 from the bottom.FIG. 33 illustrates a side view of thestructure 3100. Thesecond tier 3106 may include four sub-tiers, three of which are visible inFIG. 32 as sub-tiers 3202, 3204, and 3206. Each sub-tier may connect to thefirst tier 3102 through H-shaped cantilevers oriented at 90 degrees to one another. -
FIG. 34 shows exemplary dimensional information for the multi-tierpixelated support structure 3100. Thestructure 3100 may vary widely in size and shape to suit any particular design. Thus, any of theload bearing elements 3108, tiers 3102-3108, and H-shaped cantilevers may be independently sized and shaped. In the example shown inFIG. 34 , thestructure 3100 includes sixteen (16) load bearing elements that vary in length and width. The structure is approximately 8.750 inches wide, 4.950 inches long, and 2.120 inches high. -
FIG. 35 shows a view of another implementation of a multi-tierpixelated support structure 3500. Thestructure 3500 includes afirst tier 3502, asecond tier 3504 and athird tier 3506. Thethird tier 3506 supportsload bearing elements 3508 that may vary in shape and size and that may be connected bybridges 3510. Thestructure 3500 may support sixteen (16) load bearing elements, for example, although the structure may instead support more or fewer load bearing elements. - The
first tier 3502 may be formed as a spherical moldedsocket 3512. A correspondingspherical ball section 3514 of thesecond tier 3504 couples into thesocket 3512 as described in more detail below. Thespherical socket 3512 has acenter point 3516 near the contact surfaces of theload bearing elements 3508. Accordingly, as thesecond tier 3504 moves, theload bearing elements 3508 move vertically aroundpoint 3516 and uncomfortable horizontal shifting may be reduced. - Similarly, the
second tier 3504 may include moldedspherical sockets 3518. Thethird tier 3506 may then include a moldedspherical ball section 3520 that couples into thesocket 3518. As shown inFIG. 35 , thesocket 3518 has acenter point 3522 that may be near the contact surfaces of theload bearing elements 3508. As theball section 3520 moves, theload bearing elements 3508 move vertically aroundpoint 3522. As will be shown in more detail below, theload bearing elements 3508 may also connect to thethird tier 3506 through a ball andsocket connection 3524. - The horizontal spacing of the components of the
structure 3500 may be from any given center point may be independently adjusted. For Example, theball section 3520 may be located more closely to thecenter point 3516 than theball section 3526. In that case, the load bearing elements supported by the portion of the second tier that includes theball section 3520 provide the feeling of additional force or pressure with respect to rotation around thecenter point 3516. Similarly, because theload bearing element 3528 is farther than theload bearing element 3530 from thecenter point 3532, theload bearing element 3528 has less force or pressure with respect to rotation around thecenter point 3532. The other multi-tiered pixelated support structures may also vary the relative locations of pivots between tiers in order to configure the force applied to each load bearing element. - In
FIG. 36 , a sectional view of thestructure 3500 is present. Thesocket 3512 in thefirst tier 3502 couples to theball section 3514 through abearing 3602. Thebearing 3602 may extend up through a slot 3604 in theball section 3514 and down through aperpendicular slot 3606 through thesocket 3512.Ribs 3618 may be included to strengthen theball section 3514. - Each slot permits motion of the
second tier 3504 along its length, although stops may be inserted to constrain that motion in some implementations. In addition, a friction mechanism such as a rubber O-ring may be placed between theball section 3514 and thesocket 3512 to provide resistance to gravitational or other forces that would deflect the structure when no load is applied. Thebearing tabs 3608, 3610 may snap through theslots 3604, 3606 to retain thebearing 3602 in place. Thethird tier 3506 may couple to thesecond tier 3504 through the same bearing and slot arrangement. - A sectional view of the
socket connection 3524 is also shown inFIG. 36 . Thesocket connection 3524 includes astem 3612 that terminates in aball 3614. The load bearing element may then include asocket 3616 that mates with theball 3614. Thesocket connection 3524 may permit theload bearing elements 3508 significant freedom of motion to comfortably support or conform to a load. -
FIG. 37 illustrates a bottom view of the multi-tier pixelated support structure shown inFIG. 35 . The bottom view shows theslot 3606 through thesocket 3512 and thebearing tabs 3610 that extend down through theslot 3606. In addition,FIG. 37 illustrates theslots sockets second tier 3504.Tabs 3714 for a spherical bearing that couples a portion of thethird tier 3506 to thesecond tier 3504 are also shown. - The
load bearing elements 3508 may be formed from polypropylene, for example. Rigid nylon may be used to form the tiers 3502-3506. The bearing pieces may be formed from Acetal material or another self lubricating material. -
FIG. 38 shows exemplary dimensional information for the multitierpixelated support structure 3500. Thestructure 3500 may vary widely in size and shape to suit any particular design. The tiers 3502-3506,load bearing elements 3508, ball and socket joints, and bearings may be independently sized and shaped. In the example shown inFIG. 38 , thestructure 3500 includes sixteen (16)load bearing elements 3508. The structure is approximately 11.000 inches wide, 7.180 inches long, and 2.972 inches high. -
FIG. 39 shows a side view of a multi-tierpixelated support structure 3900. Thestructure 3900 includes afirst tier 3902, asecond tier 3904 and athird tier 3906. Thethird tier 3906 supportsload bearing elements 3908. Theload bearing elements 3908 may vary in shape, size, and number. Four load bearing elements, one supported by each of the four support arms in thethird tier 3906 are labeled 3922, 3924, 3926, and 3928. - The
structure 3900 may couple together the tiers 3902-3906 using living hinges (three of which are identified as 3910, 3912, and 3914 inFIG. 39 ) or in another manner. Support arms may branch out from each hinge. For example, thefirst support arm 3916 and thesecond support arm 3918 branch out from thehinge 3910. Alternatively, the support arms may be elastic and deflect under dynamic load. - The
structure 3900 may also include abase connection 3920. Thebase connection 3920 may connect thestructure 3900 to an underlying support structure. The underlying support structure may define the skeleton for a chair or any other support structure. Thebase connection 3920 may include a snap-on interface, bolt or screw holes, or other type of connection mechanism. One ormore structures 3900 may be attached to the underlying support structure to form a larger pixelated support surface for the back, seat, arms, or other area of the body. - The
structure 3900 may be formed from injection molded polypropylene. Injection molding may be employed for individual pieces of thestructure 3900, including theload bearing elements 3908, tiers 3902-3906, and support arms 3916-3918, or for thestructure 3900 as a whole. Individual pieces may then be snapped, screwed, glued, or otherwise secured together to form thestructure 3900. - In
FIG. 40 , atop view 4000 of thestructure 3900 is present. One or more of the load bearing elements 3922-3928 may include ashaped edge 4010. For example, the shaped edge may be scalloped to reduce the amount of straight edges between neighboring load bearing elements. The shapededges 4010 may thereby reduce pinching of clothing or skin between the load bearing elements 3922-3928 as they move in response to an applied load.FIG. 41 provides a perspective view from the back of the multi-tierpixelated support structure 3900. - The
structure 3900 may vary widely in shape and size. In one implementation where thestructure 3900 is used to support part of a body, thestructure 3900 may be 10.5 inches tall, and may vary between 6 inches and 9.5 inches wide. Other dimensions may be employed, and each load bearing element 3922-3928 may individually vary in size, shape, dimension, and material. In addition, thestructure 3900 may include more or fewer tiers. -
FIG. 42 shows a side view of a multi-tierpixelated support structure 4200. Thesupport structure 4200 includes afirst tier 4202, asecond tier 4204 and athird tier 4206. Each tier may include support elements. InFIG. 42 , thefirst tier 4202 includes a firsttier support element 4208 and thesecond tier 4204 includes the secondtier support elements third tier 4206 may include one or moreload bearing elements 4214. - The
first tier 4202 may include curvature in one or more planes on one or more surfaces. InFIG. 42 , thefirst tier 4202 is curved in two planes on thelower surface 4216 that contacts theunderlying support structure 4217. The curvature may vary and may provide additional force or pressure at selected locations over thestructure 4200. - For example, in
FIG. 42 , the curvature of thefirst tier 4202 varies in two directions from thecenter point 4218. Thecenter point 4218 may be the tangent point between thefirst tier 4202 and theunderlying support structure 4217 when thesupport structure 4200 is unloaded. Center points 4220 and 4222 are also shown for thesupport elements - To the left of the
center point 4218, thefirst tier 4202 may have a first radius, while to the right of thecenter point 4218, thefirst tier 4202 may have a second radius. In addition, the distance between center points 4218-4222 may vary. InFIG. 42 , the distance between the center points 4218 and 4220 is shorter than the distance between the center points 4218 and 4222. Additional force or pressure may be given by increasing or decreasing the distance between center points, or increasing or decreasing the radius of curvature, or both. - The
lower surface 4216 may includepegs 4224 that interface withreceptacles 4226 in theunderlying support structure 4208. In one implementation, theunderlying support structure 4217 may be peg board or another perforated or dimpled structure that may accept thepegs 4224. Thepegs 4224 may be sized accordingly and in one implementation may be 0.25 inches in diameter and 0.25 inches tall. - The first
tier support element 4208 may also include receptacles that interface withpegs 4228 on the secondtier support elements load bearing elements 4214 may be secured to the secondtier support elements 4210 using a fastener, snap fit, or other securing mechanism. Theload bearing elements 4214 may be elastic or springy to add cushioning during dynamic loads. Alternatively, theelements 4214 may be implemented as an additional set of curved rolling surfaces. An elastic band may secure the secondtier support element tier support element 4208. Similarly, an elastic band may secure the firsttier support element 4208 to theunderlying support structure 4217. -
FIG. 43 shows atop perspective view 4300 of thesupport structure 4200. Thesupport structure 4200 and its constituent parts may vary widely in size, shape, and material. Thestructure 4200 may be formed from injection molded polypropylene. In one implementation, thesupport structure 4200 may be approximately 2 inches tall. Thefirst tier 4202 may be approximately 1 inch thick, thesecond tier 4204 may be approximately 0.5 inches thick, and thethird tier 4206 may be approximately 0.5 inches thick. - The first
tier support element 4208 may approximately be 8 inches wide and 8 inches long, the second tier support elements may approximately be 4 inches wide and 4 inches long, and theload bearing elements 4214 may be 2 inches wide and 2 inches long. InFIG. 43 , the support structure is shown to accommodate one firsttier support element 4208 supporting four second tier support elements supporting sixteenload bearing elements 4214. Any other number of tiers, support elements, and load bearing elements may be employed. -
FIG. 44 shows a top view of a torsionalpixelated support structure 4400. As shown, thestructure 4400 includes fourrows 4402, 4404, 4406, and 4408 and fourcolumns structure 4400 may include more or fewer rows 4402-4408 and columns 4410-4416. In one implementation, the structure may be formed from injected molded polypropylene. - The
structure 4400 may vary widely in size. In one implementation thestructure 4400 may be approximately 12.5 inches wide and approximately 11 inches long. Thestructure 4400 may be sized and curved as noted below to cradle, conform to, or otherwise accommodate any body part, including the spine, arms, legs, or any other part. - The
structure 4400 shown inFIG. 44 includes 16 sets of load bearing elements that may be located at intersections of the rows 4402-4408 and columns 4410-4416. Each set may include one or more interconnected load bearing elements. As shown inFIG. 44 , each set may be formed as a pair of load bearing elements, such as the element pairs 4418 and 4420. Each element pair may include a first load bearing element and a second load bearing element connected by a bar or beam or other section of material. The load bearing elements and connecting bar for theelement pair 4418 are labeled 4422, 4424, and 4426, while the load bearing elements and connecting bar for the element pair 4420 are labeled 4428, 4430, and 4432. - Load bearing elements, or sets of load bearing elements, may twist or otherwise deflect around a connecting bar. The connecting bar may operate as a torsional spring. For example, the
load bearing elements 4428 and 4430 may twist in the same or opposite direction around the connectingbar 4432. - The length of each load bearing element may be individually adjusted. Each length may be selected to set the force and pressure at any particular load bearing element or set of load bearing elements. As load bearing elements increase in size, the force and pressure decreases and as the load bearing elements decrease in size, the force and pressure increases.
- For example, as shown in
FIG. 44 , theload bearing elements 4428 and 4430 may be smaller than theload bearing elements load bearing elements 4428 and 4430 may then provide additional force and pressure with respect to theload bearing elements load bearing elements 4428 and 4430 may twist in one direction (e.g., into or out of the page), with the set ofload bearing elements bar 4464. - The sets of
load bearing elements pivot point 4466 where the connectingbar 4464 couples to the connectingbar 4468. The connectingbar 4468 provides a fulcrum connection to the connectingbar 4466. The force and pressure provided by the load bearing elements may be tailored to provide selected support for any body part, or according to other criteria. - As another example, a set of two pairs of load bearing elements is labeled 4434 in
FIG. 44 . In theset 4434, theelement pair 4418 is connected to anadjacent element pair 4435 by a connectingbar 4436. The connectingbar 4436 may connect between the two connectingbars load bearing elements bar 4442, which provides a fulcrum connection to the connectingbar 4436. - Similarly, multiple sets of load bearing element sets may connect together through a connecting bar. The
set 4434 connects to theadjacent set 4440 through the connectingbar 4442. The connectingbar 4442 for the larger set of four load bearing element sets may connect between the connectingbar 4436 and the connectingbar 4444 for the next smaller sets of two load bearing element sets. Eachset bar 4442. - Load bearing elements may be grouped together and interconnected in incrementally larger sets. For example,
FIG. 44 shows a first group 4446 of four sets of load bearing elements coupled together to anadjacent group 4448 of four sets of load bearing elements through a connectingbar 4450. The connectingbar 4450 may connect between the connectingbars bar 4456 may then connect adjacent groups of eight sets of load bearing elements by coupling between the connectingbars - A bottom view of the
structure 4400 is present inFIG. 45 . The bottom view shows thestructure 4400 curved in two planes. The curvature may match the curvature of the back, legs, or another body part. The curvature in any plane is optional. - The connecting bars may perpendicularly connect between other connecting bars, or may connect at other angles. Each connecting bar may flex as well as twist to enhance spring action. Each connecting bar may also vary in depth or width to increase its stiffness. As the connecting bars couple together increasing numbers of load bearing elements, each connecting bar may also increase in size to accommodate the increasing load. For example, the connecting bars between individual load bearing elements (e.g., connecting bar 4426) may be the shallowest, while connecting bars between sets of eight sets of load bearing elements (e.g., connecting bar 4456) may be the deepest.
- Securing
tabs 4502 and 4504 may be added to a connecting bar. Screws or other fasteners may pass through the securingtabs 4502 and 4504 to secure thestructure 4400 to an underlying frame or spine. Alternatively, the securingtabs 4502 and 4504 may snap-fit into a mating connector on the frame or spine. Thestructure 4400 may couple to the frame or spine in other manners at other points, however. - The connecting bars may vary in size and thickness. The thickness may vary according to the load borne by any given portion of the connecting bar. As an example,
FIG. 45 shows that the connectingbar 4454 includes a left branch 4506 and aright branch 4508. The left andright branches 4506, 4508 increase in thickness as they near the connectingbar 4450 where greater loads are expected. The left andright branches 4506, 4508 decrease in thickness away from the connectingbar 4450 toward the individual load bearing element pairs 4512, 4514, 4516, and 4518 where relatively lighter loads are present. -
FIG. 49 shows that a connecting bar (e.g., the connecting bar 4456) in thesupport structure 4400 may run along a supportingsurface 4902 at acontact point 4904. The supportingsurface 4902 may be part of an underlying support structure defining a chair or other object. The connecting bar and/or the supporting surface may be flat, curved, or may have other shapes. For example, the connecting bar may have a selected radius (e.g., 3 inches), and the supporting may have a larger (e.g., 4 inches) or smaller radius. As another example, the connecting bar may be flat, and the supporting surface may be curved in a convex or concave manner. - The
contact point 4904 moves along the supportingsurface 4902 in accordance with the position of the load on thestructure 4400. For example, as the load on thestructure 4400 shifts left, thecontact point 4904 may shift left. The curvature or lack of curvature in the connecting bar and/or the supporting surface may be selected to establish a force vector through the contact point in a given direction. In the context of a seat, for example, the force vector may be selected so that the occupant is pushed back into the chair when the occupant load is at any given position in thestructure 4400. Alternatively, the force vector may be selected so that the occupant is pushed out of the chair when the occupant load moves far enough forward along thestructure 4400. - Returning again to
FIG. 44 , the face of one or more load bearing elements may be contoured. In other words, the interface between a load bearing element and the skin may be selected to impart any desired feel to the load bearing elements. In addition, the connection bars shown in thestructure 4400 may take other forms, for example a form that permits the load bearing elements or sets of load bearing elements to translate. -
FIG. 50 shows atorsional support structure 5000 that employs atranslational coupling 5002 that may be employed betweenload bearing elements translational coupling 5002 may includespring elements spring elements FIG. 50 ) that permits theload bearing elements arrows translational coupling 5002 is not limited to any particular shape or form, however, and may be implemented in other manners. - Through the
translational coupling 5002, the load bearing elements may move in the plane of the skin. Accordingly, as the skin is stretched or compressed (e.g., when the lumbar spine is flexed) the load bearing elements may move without shearing on the skin.FIG. 51 shows a perspective view of thetorsional support structure 5000 andtranslational coupling 5004. - In
FIG. 46 , a side view of a multi-bar tieredpixelated support structure 4600 is present. Thestructure 4600 may include two columns of four load bearing elements. For of the load bearing elements are shown and are labeled 4602, 4604, 4606, and 4608. Threetiers structure 4600 may be made of polypropylene in an injection molding process. - A
portion 4616 of thestructure 4600 may couple to an underlying frame or other structural member through bolts, screws, or other fasteners, through a snap-fit, or in other ways. The structural member may be a portion of a chair frame corresponding to the lower back, for example. The load bearing elements 4602-4608 may then support the lower back as described in more detail below. In general, it is noted that more or fewer load bearing elements and/or tiers may be employed, and that thestructure 4600 may be tailored to match any body part by individually adjusting the size, shape, or stiffness of the structure's components. - The tiers 4610-4614 may include one or more four bar connections. In the
tier 4610, four sets of four bar connections are present. In the first set, the living hinges 4618 and 4620 emerge as individual members from thefirst tier base 4626. Each living hinge may include two narrowed portions that operate as hinge points. The hinge points for theliving hinge 4618 are labeled 4660 and 4662. Similarly, the second set of 4-bar connections includes the hinge points around the living hinges 4622 and 4624. The third and fourth sets of four bar connections emerge from thefirst tier base 4636. The third and fourth sets are formed by the living hinges 4628, 4630, 4632, and 4634. - In the
second tier 4612, the living hinges 4638, 4640, 4642, and 4644 emerge from thesecond tier base 4646. The living hinges 4638 and 4640 implement a four bar connection to thefirst tier base 4626, and the living hinges 4642 and 4644 implement a four bar connection to thefirst tier base 4636. Similarly, in thethird tier 4614, the two living hinges 4648 and 4650 emerge from thethird tier base 4652 and implement a four bar connection to thesecond tier base 4646. - In the
third tier 4610, the living hinges may branch into one or more support fingers connected to load bearing elements. For example, theliving hinge 4618 branches out into thefirst support finger 4656 and thesecond support finger 4658. -
FIG. 46 shows that thebases structure 4600. In one implementation for a lumbar support, thestructure 4600 may be approximately 10 inches wide and approximately 6 inches tell. The load bearing elements may be approximately 4.5 inches wide and approximately 1.3 inches tall. The total thickness of thesupport structure 4600, excluding the load bearing elements 4602-4608 andbase 4616 may be approximately 3.2 inches. In one implementation, they may be 0.030″ thick and may narrow down at either end, but may vary widely depending on the implementation. - The living hinges may be individually oriented to impart selected rotational characteristics to the
load bearing elements rotation 4654 for theload bearing elements load bearing elements -
FIG. 47 shows a perspective view of thestructure 4600. Thestructure 4600 includes afirst column 4702 and asecond column 4704 of load bearing elements (e.g., elements 4602-4608). Thestructure 4600 may also includepivot points 4706, described in more detail below with respect toFIG. 48 . - In
FIG. 48 , a top view of thesupport structure 4600 is shown. Three pivot points are present, including thecentral pivot point 4802, and thecolumn pivot points - The
columns central pivot point 4802. In addition, thefirst column 4702 may pivot on thepivot point 4806 independently of thesecond column 4704. Similarly, thesecond column 4704 may pivot on thepivot point 4804 independently of thefirst column 4702. Thestructure 4600 thereby responds to and provides ergonomic or balanced support for loads placed on thestructure 4600. -
FIG. 52 shows a multiple tier pixelatedsupport structure 5200. Thestructure 5200 may include first-tier load bearing elements such as those labeled 5202, 5204, 5206, 5208, 5210, and 5212. In the implementation shown inFIG. 52 , the load bearing elements 5202-5212 are triangular. Triangular load bearing elements may provide enhanced conformance to the body part that the load bearing elements support, in comparison with other load bearing element shapes. However, other load bearing element shapes may also be used in conjunction with or instead of the triangular shapes. - The load bearing elements 5202-5212 may form groups. For example, the
structure 5200 includes hexagonal load bearing element groups, three of which are labeled 5214, 5216, and 5218. Living hinges 5220 may connect individual load bearing elements to form a load bearing surface from one or more load bearing elements and/or one or more groups. - The load bearing surface may take many different shapes and sizes. As examples, the load bearing surface may extend in two dimensions to provide a chair seat, or may extend primarily in one dimension as a linear strip of load bearing elements. The load bearing surface may also take on form in three dimensions. For example, the load bearing surface may take a convex shape. The convex shape may match the body shape of a relatively small chair occupant. The living hinges 5220 may flatten to accommodate relatively large chair occupants on the load bearing surface. As the surface adapts to the contour of the sitter's buttocks, the living hinges 5220 will expand and flatten.
- The
structure 5200 may also include load bearing element support arms such as rockers connected to the load bearing elements. Three of the rockers are labeled 5222, 5224, and 5226. The rockers may connect through a rocker connection such as a shock mount to a second-tier support arm. One of the rocker connections is labeled 5228 and one of the second-tier support arms is labeled 5230 inFIG. 52 . Therocker connections 5228 may accord the rockers a lower spring rate than the load bearing elements, may take vertical load compressively, and may allow angular rocking with force feedback. In one implementation, therocker connections 5228 are ball and socket joints. - The rockers may provide support to any one or more of the load bearing elements. In
FIG. 52 , the rockers provide support to three of the six load bearing elements in each hexagonal group. For example, theload bearing elements load bearing elements load bearing elements - The load bearing elements may attach to the rockers in many ways. The load bearing elements may attach through a snap fit joint, such as a ball and socket joint, through a fastener, or in other manners. The second
tier support arms 5230 may be straight or may include curvature, for example, to meet manufacturability process constraints. The secondtier support arms 5230 and rockers may be a single injection molded part or may be individually formed. - One or more of the second-tier support arms may emerge from a support arm connection such as the connection labeled 5232. The
support arm connections 5232 may be implemented as noted above with regard to therocker connections 5228. The support arm connection be part of a third-tier support arm, such as the third-tier arms labeled 5234 and 5236. - The hexagonal load bearing
element groups tier support 5238 may then proportion loads between or among the functional areas. Thethird tier support 5238 may vary the ratio of the length of its arms to give proportionally higher loads in any given location. - As shown in
FIG. 52 , the third-tier support arms tier support 5238. The third-tier support 5238 may include acoupling 5240. Thecoupling 5240 may connect to structural elements such as pins, rods, or other fasteners to connect thestructure 5200 to adjacent structures, for example to extend the load bearing surface in a given direction. - The third-
tier support 5238 may be H-shaped and may be a separately molded part. The H-shape support 5238 includes thesupport arms coupling 5240 may be located. The third-tier support 5238 may connect through the bar to an underlying support frame through pinning, for example with a steel pin, a molded snap fit connection, a fastener, or other connection. - One or more of the tiers may alone or in combination with other tiers provide curvature to the load bearing surface. The curvature is self-tailoring and adapts to the body part to the supported by the load bearing surface. For example, a load bearing surface that forms a chair seat have a curvature consistent with the buttocks.
- The elements shown in
FIG. 52 may be formed through an injection molding process, a vacuum or heat forming process, or by other processes. The elements may be formed from polypropylene, thermoplastic elastomers, Hytrel™ material, polyethylene, polyamide (with or without fillers), glass filed nylon, fiberglass, spring steel, or other materials. Each element may be adjusted in size, shape, dimension, and/or material to impart a selected stiffness to any portion of the load bearing surface. The load bearing surface may thereby provide tailored support for selected body parts across the surface. - A layer of material may be placed over the top of the load bearing elements. The material may be a knit fabric or other interface between the load and the load bearing elements.
-
FIG. 53 shows an expanded view of therockers rocker connection 5228 and a portion of thesupport arm 5230 is also shown. Therockers connection points - The
rockers - The
rockers support arms 5230 may be formed from a glass filed nylon or Polybutylene Terephtalate (PBT) material. The rocker connection 5228 (and support arm connections 5232) may be a shockmount formed from Hytel material, Santoprene material, or other material. Therocker connection 5228 may be implemented with a softness between a Shore D 35 and a Shore A 80-95 softness. Other softnesses may be selected. -
FIG. 54 shows a bottom view of a torsionalpixelated support structure 5400. Thestructure 5400 may form all or part of a chair seat or other support structure. Thestructure 5400 includes load bearing elements, four of which are labeled 5402, 5404, 5206, and 5208. The load bearing elements may be formed and interconnected as described above with reference toFIGS. 44 and 45 . As will be described in more detail below, however, one or more connecting bars may be replaced with connecting bars with a longer effective length. - In the
structure 5400, the connecting bar between pairs of load bearing elements may include a support post. Thesupport post 5410 may extend away form the load bearing elements and may provide a mechanical stop to displacement of the load bearing elements. Alternatively, a supporting structural member behind thestructure 5400 may include stops that extend up toward thestructure 5400. Thesupport post 5410 extends from the connecting bar between theload bearing elements - In the implementation shown above, the connecting bars (e.g., connecting bar 4436) between pairs of load bearing elements were substantially straight. The connecting bars, for example those between pairs of load bearing elements, may take other shapes at any tier, however. As shown in
FIG. 54 , the connecting bars in the second and third tiers are S-shaped. - Four of the S-shaped bars in the second tier are labeled 5418, 5420, 5422, and 5424. The S-shaped bars 5418-5424 may connect together at one end, and may connect at the other end to the support posts 5410-5416. In a manner analogous to the
connect bar 4442, additional S-shaped bars may connect together multiple pairs of load bearing elements in the second tier. For example, the S-shapedbar 5426 connects between the S-shaped connectingbars bar 5428 connects between the S-shaped connectingbars - At the third tier, S-shaped bars may also connect together larger sets of load bearing elements. As shown in
FIG. 54 , the S-shapedbar 5430 connects four pairs ofload bearing elements 5432. The S-shapedbar 5434 connects four pairs ofload bearing elements 5436. - The S-shape may provide an effectively longer connecting bar. In
FIG. 54 , the S-shaped bars are folded back on themselves and consume approximately the same amount of space as a relatively straight connection bar, yet are approximately three times longer. The additional length increases the amount of flexing and deflecting in the connecting bars. - Each connecting bar may have an individually selected cross section or height, shape, material, or other characteristics. The height of a connection bar may vary along its length (e.g., by approximately 0.010 inches). The thickness of each connection bar may increase between tiers (e.g., by approximately 0.020 inches). The cross section may be increased or decreased, for example, to stiffen or loosen the connecting bar.
- In one implementation, the S-shaped bars in the second tier (e.g., the connection bar 5418) may be 0.090 inches thick, and may increase from 0.375 inches to 0.475 inches in height along their length. The height of the S-shaped bars in the third tier (e.g., the connection bar 5430) may be 0.110 inches thick and may increase from 0.475 inches in height to 0.575 inches in height along their length.
- The
structure 5400 may include mounting points. The mounting points may connect to an underlying frame or other structure using fasteners, a snap-fit, an interference fit, or in other manners. Three mountingpoints - The mounting points may establish independent pixelated support structures through their connections to the
support structure 5400. For example, the portion of thepixelated support structure 5400 between the mountingpoints pixelated support structure 5400 between the mountingpoints single structure 5400 may react as multiple independent support structures. - In the third tier, S-shaped connection bars may couple the load bearing elements and second tier to the mounting points. In
FIG. 54 , for example, the S-shapedconnection bar 5444 connects the S-shapedconnection bars central mounting point 5440. The S-shapedconnection bar 5446 connects the S-shapedconnection bars peripheral mounting point 5442. - The
structure 5400 may include aperipheral support 5448. Thesupport 5448 may provide a connection point for a fabric or other covering for thestructure 5400. The size and shape of thesupport 5448 may vary widely. In one implementation, thesupport 5448 is 0.75 inches wide and 0.09-0.10 thick. Thesupport 5448 may connect to thestructure 5400 throughconnection tabs 5450 to one or more load bearing elements. Alternatively or additionally, thesupport 5448 may connect to thestructure 5400 through aconnection 5452 to a mounting point, such as themounting point 5440. - Alternatively, the support may include bellows, folds, or other
deformable structures 5454. Thedeformable structures 5454 may provide a degree of flexibility in thesupport 5448. In one implementation thedeformable structures 5454 may be aligned with the space between one or more load bearing elements in a pair. - One or more of the S-shaped connecting bars may include webbing in one or more locations. The webbing may vary in thickness between implementations, and may be, for example, approximately 0.025 inches thick. For example, the connecting
bar 5434 includeswebbing bar 5434. The webbing may be centrally vertically located between the folds in the connecting bars. The webbing may help prevent lateral bending of the load bearing elements. - In other embodiments, the bottom tier of S-shaped connection bars may have a curved rolling surface. The rolling surfaces may be designed to permit rolling motion in one or more planes. For example, the rolling surfaces may permit left to right rolling motion.
- The
structure 5400 may be fabricated through a molding process, for example. The load bearing elements, connection bars between the load bearing elements, andsupport 5448 may be formed in a first injection mold. The lower tiers may be formed in a second injection mold. A snap fit, interference fit, fastener or other connection may be made between the first and second molded portions to form thestructure 5400. -
FIG. 55 shows abottom perspective view 5500 of a torsional pixelated support structure. The perspective view 5500 (and side view 5800) shows that the mounting points may be formed from a triangular truss structure. The mounting points may be formed in other manners, however.FIG. 56 shows anenlarged view 5600 of a portion of thesupport structure 5400.FIG. 57 shows aside view 5700 of thesupport structure 5400.FIG. 58 shows aside view 5800 of thesupport structure 5400. -
FIG. 59 shows triangularload bearing elements hexagonal set 5914. The load bearing elements 5902-5912 are shown as equilateral triangles approximately 3 inches on a side. However, the load bearing elements 5902-5912 may vary widely in size, shape, and material. In other implementations, the load bearing elements 5902-5912 may be 0.5-1.5 inches on a side, for example approximately 1 inch on each side. The load bearing element size and shape may vary across any support structure that incorporates the load bearing elements 5902-5912, for example to tailor support to a specific body part. The load bearing elements may be formed from polypropylene, thermoplastic elastomers, Hytrel™ material, polyethylene, polyamide (with or without fillers), glass filed nylon, fiberglass, or other materials. -
FIG. 60 shows a bottom view of apixelated support structure 6000 that incorporates hexagonal sets of the load bearing elements. Three hexagonal sets are labeled 6002, 6004, and 6006. Thehexagonal set 6002, for example, includes theload bearing elements - As shown in
FIG. 60 , the load bearing elements may be connected together to form load bearing surfaces. The load bearing surface may include injected molded sections that define multiple connected load bearing elements. One or more bridges between load bearing elements may permit the load bearing elements to twist or flex (e.g., an approximately flat bar bridge), to displace from one another (e.g., a bar connection with a U-shape or undulation out of the plane of the load bearing elements), or permit the load bearing elements freedom of motion or rotation in other directions or along other axes. Alternatively, one or more of the bridges may be substantially stiff and may hold the load bearing elements in place without rotation or translation. - Alternatively or additionally, one or more individually formed load bearing elements may be connected through individually formed bridges between the load bearing elements. For example, the
bridge 6020 connects theload bearing elements bridge 6020 may be located approximately half way along one edge of eachload bearing element - The
bridge 6020 may take many shapes and forms to provide any desired freedom of movement or flexion to the load bearing elements. For example, thebridge 6020 may include an approximately flat connection between each load bearing element to prevent load bearing elements from separating from one another. Alternatively, thebridge 6020 may include a U-shape, undulation, or other displacement of material between load bearing elements that permits the load bearing elements to displace away from one another. - The load bearing surface may include multiple tiers of support elements, including the load bearing elements as a first tier.
FIG. 61 shows a perspective view of a portion of a second support tier and a portion of a third support tier. As shown inFIG. 61 , the second tier of support elements may includeconnection bars 6102 between load bearing elements (e.g., between theload bearing elements 6104 and 6106). The connection bars 6102 may be vertically displaced from the load bearing elements byshockmounts 6108. - The connection bars 6102 may be made from spring steel to impart substantially stiffness to the connection bar. Alternatively, one or
more connection bars 6102 may be made from nylon, or other flexible materials. The connection bars may be secured to theshockmounts 6108 through a screw, bolt, snap fit, or other fastener. Similarly, theshockmounts 6108 may be secured to theload bearing elements shockmounts 6108 may be implemented as injected molded ball and socket joints. - The third support tier may include
conical springs 6110, cantilever springs, or other support elements connected to the first tier. The third support tier may connect to an underlying frame. The underlying frame may define a chair seat, chair back, or any other load bearing structure. - The multiple tier load bearing surface shown in
FIG. 60 provides support over substantially all of its surface. As an individual sits on the surface, multiple support elements in the second and third tiers take up the load and provide support. For example, the conical springs, located at the centers of the hexagonal sets, assist neighboring conical springs to take up loads that are centered between the springs. - The pixelated support elements and structures may be employed in a wide range of designs for supporting the body, including seats, backrests, mattresses, and the like. The pixelated support elements and structures provide enhanced ergonomic body support structures that may be adapted to provide excellent fit and comfort tailored to individual body parts, as well as healthy support for the body, across a wide range of individual body types.
- It is therefore intended that the foregoing detailed description be regarded as illustrative rather than limiting, and that it be understood that it is the following claims, including all equivalents, that are intended to define the spirit and scope of this invention.
Claims (76)
1. A pixelated support element for a pixelated support structure, the pixelated support element comprising:
a spring cradle comprising a cradle base;
a spring element at least partially disposed in the spring cradle,
where the spring cradle further comprises a spring support structure imparting a pre-selected spring stiffness to the spring element.
2. The pixelated support element of claim 1 , where the spring support structure defines a spring compression area for the spring element.
3. The pixelated support structure of claim 2 , where the spring element is an elastic spring block.
4. The pixelated support structure of claim 3 , where the elastic spring block is a gel filled spring block.
5. The pixelated support element of claim 1 , where the spring element is comprises an elastic spring arm, and where the spring support structure comprises a cradle arm extending along at least a pre-selected portion of the elastic spring arm.
6. The pixelated support element of claim 5 , where the spring element further comprises a bearing element connected to the elastic spring arm.
7. A pixelated support element for a pixelated support structure, the pixelated support element comprising:
an upper support layer comprising a first plurality of peaks and a first plurality of valleys;
a lower base layer comprising a second plurality of peaks and a second plurality of valleys; and
an elastomer material disposed between the upper support layer and the lower base layer,
where the first plurality of peaks is vertically aligned with the second plurality of valleys.
8. The pixelated support element of claim 7 , where the first plurality of peaks are characterized by a separation distance chosen according to a pre-selected stiffness.
9. The pixelated support element of claim 7 , where the first plurality of peaks are characterized by at least two different separation distances selected to provide at least two different pre-selected stiffnesses.
10. The pixelated support element of claim 7 , where the first plurality of peaks is characterized by a first height and the second plurality of valleys is characterized by a first depth, the first height and the first depth providing a pre-selected travel distance for the pixelated support element.
11. A pixelated support element for a pixelated support structure, the pixelated support element comprising:
an upper bearing element;
a lower base element;
a compression spring between the upper and lower support elements; and
an elastomeric spring disposed below the compression spring.
12. The pixelated support element of claim 11 , where the elastomeric spring is retained co-axially with the compression spring.
13. The pixelated support element of claim 11 , where:
the upper bearing element comprises a pixelated upper bearing element array;
the lower base element comprises a pixelated lower base element array;
the compression spring is one of a plurality of compression springs between the pixelated upper bearing element array and the pixelated lower support element array; and
the elastomeric spring is one of a plurality of elastomeric springs, each disposed below a corresponding compression spring.
14. The pixelated support element of claim 13 , where the pixelated upper support array comprises a 2×2 pixelated upper support array.
15. A pixelated support structure comprising:
a support spine;
a first spline disposed laterally across the support spine;
a first cantilever branch extending outwardly from the first spline, the first cantilever branch comprising:
a first terminal end connected to a spline;
a first support end opposite the first terminal end; and
a first bearing element connected to the first support end;
a second cantilever branch extending outwardly from the first spline adjacent to the first cantilever branch, the second cantilever branch comprising:
a second terminal end connected to a spline;
a second support end opposite the second terminal end; and
a second bearing element connected to the second support end; and
a bridging connection between the first bearing element and the second bearing element.
16. The pixelated support structure of claim 15 , further comprising:
a third cantilever branch extending outwardly from the first spline adjacent to the first cantilever branch, the third cantilever branch comprising:
a third terminal end connected to a spline;
a third support end opposite the third terminal end; and
a third bearing element connected to the third support end;
a fourth cantilever branch extending outwardly from the first spline adjacent to the second cantilever branch, the fourth cantilever branch comprising:
a fourth terminal end connected to a spline;
a fourth support end opposite the fourth terminal end; and
a fourth bearing element connected to the fourth support end; and
where the bridging connection connects the first, second, third, and fourth bearing elements together at a junction point to form a four-by-four pixelated group.
17. The pixelated support structure of claim 16 , further comprising:
a plurality of additional cantilever branches extending outwardly from the spline, each comprising an additional bearing element;
additional bridging connections forming additional four-by-four pixelated groups in a linear array laterally across the spline.
18. The pixelated support structure of claim 15 , further comprising:
a second spline disposed laterally across the support spine;
a third cantilever branch extending outwardly from the second spline adjacent to the first cantilever branch, the third cantilever branch comprising:
a third terminal end connected to a spline;
a third support end opposite the spline end; and
a third bearing element connected to the third support end;
a fourth cantilever branch extending outwardly from the first spline adjacent to the second cantilever branch, the fourth cantilever branch comprising:
a fourth terminal end connected to a spline;
a fourth support end opposite the spline end; and
a fourth bearing element connected to the fourth support end; and
where the bridging connection connects the first, second, third, and fourth bearing elements together at a junction point to form a four-by-four pixelated group.
19. The pixelated support structure of claim 16 , further comprising:
an additional spline disposed laterally across the support spine, the additional spline comprising cantilever branches extending outwardly from the spline, each comprising an additional bearing element;
additional bridging connections forming additional four-by-four pixelated groups in a linear array laterally along to the spine.
20. The pixelated support structure of claim 15 , where the spine is curved in accordance with a selected anatomical structure.
21. The pixelated support structure of claim 15 , where the spine is a back rest curved spine.
22. The pixelated support structure of claim 15 , where the spine is a seat rest curved spine.
23. The pixelated support structure of claim 16 , where the cantilever branches are characterized by a first spring rate for a pre-selected bearing element and a second spring rate for a different pre-selected bearing element.
24. The pixelated support structure of claim 17 , where the cantilever branches are characterized by a first spring rate for a pre-selected bearing element and a second spring rate for a different pre-selected bearing element.
25. The pixelated support structure of claim 18 , where the cantilever branches are characterized by a first spring rate for a pre-selected bearing element and a second spring rate for a different pre-selected bearing element.
26. The pixelated support structure of claim 19 , where the cantilever branches are characterized by a first spring rate for a pre-selected bearing element and a second spring rate for a different pre-selected bearing element.
27. A pixelated support structure comprising:
a support spine;
a first spline perpendicularly disposed across the support spine;
a first plurality of pixelated support elements connected to the first spline in a first longitudinal array across the first spline.
28. The pixelated support structure of claim 27 , further comprising:
a second spline perpendicularly disposed across the support spine, and displaced along the spine from the first spline;
a second plurality of pixelated support elements connected to the second spline in a longitudinal array across the first spline.
29. The pixelated support structure of claim 27 , where the support spine is curved in accordance with a selected anatomical structure.
30. The pixelated support structure of claim 29 , where the spine is a back rest curved spine.
31. The pixelated support structure of claim 29 , where the spine is a seat rest curved spine.
32. The pixelated support structure of claim 27 , where at least one of the pixelated support elements comprises:
a spline connection;
a spring arm connected to the spline connection; and
a bearing element connected to the spring arm.
33. The pixelated support structure of claim 27 , where at least one of the pixelated support elements comprises:
a spline connection;
a first spring arm connected to the spline connection;
a first bearing element connected to the first spring arm;
a second spring arm connected to the spline connection; and
a second bearing element connected to the second spring arm.
34. The pixelated support structure of claim 32 , where the spring arm is an undulating spring arm.
35. The pixelated support structure of claim 27 , where at least one of the pixelated support elements comprises:
a spring cradle connected to the first spline;
a spring element at least partially disposed in the spring cradle,
where the spring cradle comprises a spring support structure imparting a pre-selected spring stiffness to the spring element.
36. The pixelated support structure of claim 35 , where the spring element comprises an elastic spring block.
37. The pixelated support structure of claim 35 , where the spring element comprises a spring arm and a bearing element connected to the spring arm.
38. A pixelated support element comprising:
a base connection;
a first undulating compression arm connected to the base connection;
a first bearing element connected to the first undulating compression arm;
a second undulating compression arm connected to the base connection;
a second bearing element connected to the first undulating compression arm, and separated from the first bearing element.
39. The pixelated support element of claim 38 , where the base connection comprises a spline connection.
40. The pixelated support element of claim 39 , where the base connection comprises a round spline connection.
41. The pixelated support element of claim 38 , where the base connection, first and second compression arms, and first and second bearing elements comprise a single molded piece.
42. A pixelated support structure comprising:
a backing structure ergonomically curved in accordance with a pre-selected body part;
a plurality of pixelated support elements connected to the backing structure.
43. The pixelated support structure of claim 42 , where the backing structure is a backrest.
44. The pixelated support structure of claim 43 , where the pre-selected body part is the lower back.
45. The pixelated support structure of claim 42 , where the backing structure is a seat rest.
46. The pixelated support structure of claim 45 , where the pre-selected body part includes the buttocks.
47. The pixelated support structure of claim 42 , where the plurality of pixelated support elements extend along one dimension.
48. The pixelated support structure of claim 42 , where the plurality of pixelated support elements extend along two dimensions.
49. The pixelated support structure of claim 43 , where the plurality of pixelated support elements extend along one dimension.
50. The pixelated support structure of claim 49 , where the plurality of pixelated support elements includes a first pixelated support element and a second pixelated support element, and where the first pixelated support element has a different stiffness than the second pixelated support element.
51. The pixelated support structure of claim 43 , where the plurality of pixelated support elements extend along two dimensions.
52. The pixelated support structure of claim 45 , where the plurality of pixelated support elements extend along one dimension.
53. The pixelated support structure of claim 45 , where the plurality of pixelated support elements extend along two dimensions.
54. The pixelated support structure of claim 53 , where the plurality of pixelated support elements includes a first pixelated support element and a second pixelated support element, and where the first pixelated support element has a different stiffness than the second pixelated support element.
55. A pixelated support structure comprising:
a flexible support spine comprising an upper flexible spine section and a lower flexible spine section;
a first spline disposed laterally across the support spine; and
pixelated support elements coupled to the first spline.
56. The pixelated support structure of claim 55 , where the pixelated support elements comprise:
a first cantilever branch extending outwardly from the first spline, the first cantilever branch comprising:
a first terminal end connected to a spline;
a first support end opposite the first terminal end; and
a first bearing element connected to the first support end; and
a second cantilever branch extending outwardly from the first spline adjacent to the first cantilever branch, the second cantilever branch comprising:
a second terminal end connected to a spline;
a second support end opposite the second terminal end; and
a second bearing element connected to the second support end.
57. The pixelated support structure of claim 56 , further comprising a bridging connection between the first bearing element and the second bearing element.
58. The pixelated support structure of claim 55 , where the flexible support spine further comprises an inflection point between the upper support spine and the lower support spine.
59. The pixelated support structure of claim 55 , where the lower spine section flexes to support the lower back.
60. The pixelated support structure of claim 55 , where the upper spine section flexes to support the upper back.
61. A pixelated support element for a pixelated support structure, the pixelated support element comprising:
a first undulating wire;
a second undulating wire parallel to the first undulating wire; and
a mesh attached between the first and second undulating wire.
62. The pixelated support element of claim 61 , where the mesh is a three dimensional knitted mesh.
63. A pixelated support element for a pixelated support structure, the pixelated support element comprising:
a cylindrical mesh; and
a plurality of spring filaments woven into the cylindrical mesh.
64. The pixelated support element of claim 61 , where the mesh is a three dimensional knitted mesh.
65. The pixelated support element of claim 63 , where the spring filaments are nylon spring filaments.
66. A pixelated support structure comprising:
a first tier comprising a connection mechanism to an underlying structural support;
a second tier coupled to the first tier;
a third tier coupled to the second tier; and
a plurality of load bearing elements coupled to the third tier.
67. The pixelated support structure of claim 66 , where the second tier is coupled to the first tier through at least one cantilever or at least one ball and socket connection.
68. The pixelated support structure of claim 66 , where the second tier is coupled to the third tier through at least one cantilever or at least one ball and socket connection.
69. A multiple tier support structure comprising:
a first tier of load bearing elements;
load bearing element support arms coupled to the load bearing elements and to a second tier shockmount;
a second tier support arm coupled to the second tier shockmount; and
a third their support coupled to the second tier support arm.
70. The multiple tier support structure of claim 69 , where the load bearing elements comprise a first triangular load bearing element coupled through a living hinge to a second triangular load bearing element.
71. A multiple tier support structure comprising:
a first-tier of triangular load bearing elements interconnected in hexagonal sets;
a second tier of support elements between selected load bearing elements in the first tier;
a third tier of support elements connected to selected support elements in the second tier.
72. The multiple tier support structure of claim 71 , further comprising shockmounts between the second tier and the first tier.
73. The multiple tier support structure of claim 71 , where the triangular load bearing elements are connected by bridges.
74. The multiple tier support structure of claim 73 , where the bridges are configured to permit load bearing element flexion or displacement.
75. The multiple tier support structure of claim 71 , where the second tier of support elements comprises a first connecting bar between load bearing elements in a first one of the hexagonal sets, and a second connecting bar between load bearing elements in adjacent ones of the hexagonal sets.
76. The multiple tier support structure of claim 71 , where the third tier of support elements comprises at least one conical spring.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/972,153 US20050116526A1 (en) | 2003-10-23 | 2004-10-22 | Pixelated support structures and elements |
US11/645,234 US7931257B2 (en) | 2003-10-23 | 2006-12-21 | Multilayer load bearing structure |
US13/089,773 US20110241270A1 (en) | 2003-10-23 | 2011-04-19 | Multilayer load bearing structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US51377503P | 2003-10-23 | 2003-10-23 | |
US59920104P | 2004-08-05 | 2004-08-05 | |
US10/972,153 US20050116526A1 (en) | 2003-10-23 | 2004-10-22 | Pixelated support structures and elements |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/645,234 Continuation US7931257B2 (en) | 2003-10-23 | 2006-12-21 | Multilayer load bearing structure |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20050116526A1 true US20050116526A1 (en) | 2005-06-02 |
Family
ID=34555913
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/972,153 Abandoned US20050116526A1 (en) | 2003-10-23 | 2004-10-22 | Pixelated support structures and elements |
US11/645,234 Active 2025-10-04 US7931257B2 (en) | 2003-10-23 | 2006-12-21 | Multilayer load bearing structure |
US13/089,773 Abandoned US20110241270A1 (en) | 2003-10-23 | 2011-04-19 | Multilayer load bearing structure |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/645,234 Active 2025-10-04 US7931257B2 (en) | 2003-10-23 | 2006-12-21 | Multilayer load bearing structure |
US13/089,773 Abandoned US20110241270A1 (en) | 2003-10-23 | 2011-04-19 | Multilayer load bearing structure |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US20050116526A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2542978C (en) |
GB (2) | GB2423346B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005041719A2 (en) |
Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050001461A1 (en) * | 2000-07-03 | 2005-01-06 | Caruso Jerome Carmel | Seating structure having flexible support surface |
US20070246873A1 (en) * | 2003-10-23 | 2007-10-25 | Vanderiet Douglas M | Multilayer load bearing structure |
US20070262634A1 (en) * | 2006-05-12 | 2007-11-15 | Brill Ryan S | Suspended pixelated seating structure |
US7406733B2 (en) | 2005-05-13 | 2008-08-05 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Elastomeric fabric load bearing surface |
WO2008112488A2 (en) * | 2007-03-09 | 2008-09-18 | Fka Distributing Co. D/B/A Homedics, Inc. | Body massager |
US7441758B2 (en) | 2004-06-17 | 2008-10-28 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Load bearing surface |
EP2044862A1 (en) * | 2006-05-01 | 2009-04-08 | Hans Ulrich Dipl.-Ing. Schwenk | Spring element for upholstery |
US20090302662A1 (en) * | 2008-06-04 | 2009-12-10 | Groelsma John C | Suspension seating |
US20100021685A1 (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2010-01-28 | Brill Ryan S | Multi-layered support structure |
US20110025109A1 (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2011-02-03 | Steve Ryczek | Mesh Seat for Ride-On Power Equipment |
US8419133B2 (en) | 2007-01-29 | 2013-04-16 | Herman Miller, Inc. | Seating structure with independently adjustable back |
US20140059775A1 (en) * | 2012-08-29 | 2014-03-06 | Sarkis Khanzadian | Supportive comfort cushion |
US20140373280A1 (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2014-12-25 | L&P Property Management Company | Pocketed Spring Assembly Comprising Strings of Springs Having Y-Shaped Seams and Inserts |
US20150028650A1 (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2015-01-29 | Proprietect L.P. | Foam seat element, and process and mold for producing same |
USD782861S1 (en) * | 2014-10-08 | 2017-04-04 | Froli Kunststoffwerk Heinrich Fromme Inhaberine Margret Fromme-Ruthmann E. Kfr. | Grid spring assembly |
US9775442B2 (en) | 2013-06-19 | 2017-10-03 | L&P Property Management Company | Pocketed spring assembly comprising strings of springs having non-linear separating seams |
US20180125245A1 (en) * | 2015-04-13 | 2018-05-10 | Steelcase Inc. | Seating arrangement |
US9976621B2 (en) | 2004-06-17 | 2018-05-22 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Pre-deformed thermoplastics spring and method of manufacture |
US20220175601A1 (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2022-06-09 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Multi-stable compliant-mechanism mattress for bed sore prevention |
WO2023152248A1 (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2023-08-17 | Armin Sander | Support structure, in particular as a lumbar support |
Families Citing this family (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ITMI20061360A1 (en) * | 2006-07-13 | 2008-01-14 | Valentino Fossati | SUSPENSION STRUCTURE PARTICULARLY FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF MATTRESSES AND THE LIKE |
US20110074075A1 (en) * | 2009-09-28 | 2011-03-31 | Henry Jr George Travie | Apparatus, system, and method for a cushioning element |
US8245340B2 (en) * | 2010-09-08 | 2012-08-21 | Han-Chung Hsu | Chair structure |
DE202011003417U1 (en) * | 2011-03-02 | 2012-06-04 | Diemer & Dr. Jaspert GbR (vertretungsberechtigter Gesellschafter: Herrn Dr. Bodo F. Jaspert, 85630 Grasbrunn) | Cover plate or part of a cover plate for a spring element |
EP2739183B1 (en) | 2011-08-04 | 2017-10-04 | Cramer LLC | Ergonomic seating assemblies and methods |
US8746648B1 (en) * | 2012-03-09 | 2014-06-10 | Piping Technology and Products, Inc. | Modular large load variable spring and method for using |
US9901185B2 (en) * | 2014-01-31 | 2018-02-27 | Dreamwell, Ltd. | Mattress including flat springs |
DE202014104824U1 (en) * | 2014-10-08 | 2015-10-09 | Froli Kunststoffwerk Heinrich Fromme, Inh. Margret Fromme-Ruthmann E.Kfr. | Arrangement with several spring elements for a cushion pad |
DE102015110101A1 (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2016-12-29 | Andreas Hillerkus | cushion mechanics |
US10932966B2 (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2021-03-02 | Center For Disability Services | Wheelchair |
CN109788851B (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2022-05-27 | 斯迪尔科斯公司 | Compliant seat structure |
US10813463B2 (en) | 2017-12-05 | 2020-10-27 | Steelcase Inc. | Compliant backrest |
USD869872S1 (en) | 2017-12-05 | 2019-12-17 | Steelcase Inc. | Chair |
USD870479S1 (en) | 2017-12-05 | 2019-12-24 | Steelcase Inc. | Chair |
US11291305B2 (en) | 2017-12-05 | 2022-04-05 | Steelcase Inc. | Compliant backrest |
USD869890S1 (en) | 2017-12-05 | 2019-12-17 | Steelcase Inc. | Chairback |
USD869889S1 (en) | 2017-12-05 | 2019-12-17 | Steelcase Inc. | Chairback |
US11149899B2 (en) * | 2018-04-30 | 2021-10-19 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Compressible support structures |
US11858393B2 (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2024-01-02 | Archem Inc. | Cushion member, cushion member manufacturing method, and passenger seat |
US11109683B2 (en) | 2019-02-21 | 2021-09-07 | Steelcase Inc. | Body support assembly and method for the use and assembly thereof |
USD907935S1 (en) | 2019-05-31 | 2021-01-19 | Steelcase Inc. | Chair |
USD907383S1 (en) | 2019-05-31 | 2021-01-12 | Steelcase Inc. | Chair with upholstered back |
EP3788915A1 (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2021-03-10 | Serdar Plastik Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.S. | Thermoplastic spring |
EP4030968A4 (en) | 2019-09-18 | 2023-10-04 | Steelcase Inc. | Body support member with lattice structure |
US11357329B2 (en) | 2019-12-13 | 2022-06-14 | Steelcase Inc. | Body support assembly and methods for the use and assembly thereof |
WO2022173799A1 (en) | 2021-02-10 | 2022-08-18 | Steelcase Inc. | Body support structure |
Citations (95)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1982516A (en) * | 1933-07-12 | 1934-11-27 | Frances Keith Crocker | Seat mat |
US2233592A (en) * | 1938-07-21 | 1941-03-04 | Commercial Ingredients Corp | Resilient sheet |
US2549902A (en) * | 1945-10-02 | 1951-04-24 | Donald L Hibbard | Seat |
US2897879A (en) * | 1957-07-25 | 1959-08-04 | Chrysler Corp | Cushion spring unit |
US3081129A (en) * | 1960-12-16 | 1963-03-12 | Ridder Clara Ann | Chairs and seats |
US3126554A (en) * | 1964-03-31 | Prescription bedding having individually adjustable spring units | ||
US3174741A (en) * | 1962-07-20 | 1965-03-23 | Garthe Wolff K G | Springy support for upholstery |
US3198578A (en) * | 1963-03-11 | 1965-08-03 | Ford Motor Co | Vehicle seat |
US3233885A (en) * | 1959-11-04 | 1966-02-08 | Miller Herman Inc | Panel having multi-directional flexibility |
US3242512A (en) * | 1964-03-03 | 1966-03-29 | Ronald H Beckman | Bellows spring assembly |
US3251077A (en) * | 1964-03-03 | 1966-05-17 | Ronald H Beckman | Spring assembly |
US3255470A (en) * | 1964-03-03 | 1966-06-14 | Richard R Knittel | Molded spring |
US3261037A (en) * | 1963-06-03 | 1966-07-19 | Union Carbide Corp | Molded body support |
US3262137A (en) * | 1964-03-03 | 1966-07-26 | Ronald H Beckman | Spring assemblies |
US3262138A (en) * | 1964-03-03 | 1966-07-26 | Union Carbide Corp | Double-tapered spring assembly |
US3263247A (en) * | 1964-03-03 | 1966-08-02 | Richard R Knittel | Headed hollow body support |
US3276048A (en) * | 1964-03-03 | 1966-10-04 | Ronald H Beckman | Spring assembly |
US3280410A (en) * | 1964-03-03 | 1966-10-25 | Robert L Propst | Multi-directional molded spring assembly |
US3340548A (en) * | 1965-10-01 | 1967-09-12 | Wortso Corp | Bedding prescription apparatus |
US3398012A (en) * | 1964-09-08 | 1968-08-20 | Fordath Engineering Company Lt | Continuous process for the coating of particulate material with resin |
US3559978A (en) * | 1969-04-01 | 1971-02-02 | Otto P Molt | Flat spring arrangement for use on a spring wire mesh |
US3633228A (en) * | 1969-05-30 | 1972-01-11 | Foamcoil Services Sa | Spring upholstery assembly |
US3681797A (en) * | 1969-07-02 | 1972-08-08 | Jacob Messner | Cover materials for body-supporting articles |
US3767261A (en) * | 1971-03-22 | 1973-10-23 | D Rowland | Seating and sub-assembly for seats and backs and method for making same |
US3774967A (en) * | 1971-03-22 | 1973-11-27 | D Rowland | Seating and sub-assembly for seats and backs |
US3790150A (en) * | 1969-10-04 | 1974-02-05 | Deres Dev Corp | Mechanical support system |
US3889302A (en) * | 1974-05-13 | 1975-06-17 | Marta Carlota Ketterer | Fluid discharge unit |
US3940811A (en) * | 1972-07-17 | 1976-03-02 | Idemitsu, Kosan Kabushiki-Kaisha (Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.) | Lightweight construction materials and articles made thereof |
US4036526A (en) * | 1976-08-16 | 1977-07-19 | Baechle William G | Furniture spring support |
US4190914A (en) * | 1978-03-29 | 1980-03-04 | Souleymane Diallo | Sleep unit |
US4367897A (en) * | 1980-12-29 | 1983-01-11 | Cousins Steven J | Adjustable seat for the handicapped |
US4383342A (en) * | 1980-03-15 | 1983-05-17 | Peter Forster | Mattress for a sitting or lying person |
US4399574A (en) * | 1981-01-06 | 1983-08-23 | Shuman Joseph G | Novel mattress pad |
US4415147A (en) * | 1981-10-09 | 1983-11-15 | Simmons Universal Corporation | Seating spring assembly and method |
US4509510A (en) * | 1981-12-28 | 1985-04-09 | Hook Clarence L | Massage tread for human skin |
US4605582A (en) * | 1985-05-23 | 1986-08-12 | American Hospital Supply Corporation | Body support pad |
US4644593A (en) * | 1985-10-09 | 1987-02-24 | Brien James A O | Variable support cushion for supporting anatomical body weight |
US4673605A (en) * | 1985-05-23 | 1987-06-16 | Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. | Body support pad |
US4686724A (en) * | 1983-04-22 | 1987-08-18 | Bedford Peter H | Support pad for nonambulatory persons |
US4744351A (en) * | 1985-06-25 | 1988-05-17 | S + G Implants Gmbh | Medical support |
US4809374A (en) * | 1986-01-15 | 1989-03-07 | Joseph Saviez | Padding body constituted of individual modular elements, and its application to the production of seats and of removable cushions or back-rests |
US4826249A (en) * | 1988-02-22 | 1989-05-02 | General Motors Corporation | Thin inflatable elastomeric seat |
US4972351A (en) * | 1988-07-14 | 1990-11-20 | The Cleveland Clinic Foundation | Computer aided fabrication of wheelchair seats or other body supports |
US4980936A (en) * | 1986-09-05 | 1991-01-01 | Frickland Peter O | Closed cell foam ground pad and methods for making same |
US5025519A (en) * | 1986-10-22 | 1991-06-25 | Span-America Medical Systems, Inc. | Multi-section mattress overlay for systematized pressure dispersion |
US5105488A (en) * | 1990-04-18 | 1992-04-21 | Simmons Company | Bedding configuration having variable support characteristics |
US5153956A (en) * | 1989-12-21 | 1992-10-13 | Bruno Fronebner | Lowering unit area pressure |
US5163196A (en) * | 1990-11-01 | 1992-11-17 | Roho, Inc. | Zoned cellular cushion with flexible flaps containing inflating manifold |
US5165125A (en) * | 1991-10-22 | 1992-11-24 | Simmons Company | Bedding system including spring having limiting membrane |
US5239715A (en) * | 1992-02-11 | 1993-08-31 | The Ohio Mattress Company Licensing And Components Group | Border stabilizing and reinforcing member for use in mattresses, cushions and the like |
US5280573A (en) * | 1989-03-14 | 1994-01-18 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Document processing support system using keywords to retrieve explanatory information linked together by correlative arcs |
US5316375A (en) * | 1991-12-16 | 1994-05-31 | Buddy Orthopoedic Inc. | Back support and internal frame |
US5328245A (en) * | 1992-10-30 | 1994-07-12 | Thomas J. Marks | Chair having adjustable back support |
US5426799A (en) * | 1989-06-08 | 1995-06-27 | Superba S.A. | Mattress system |
US5452488A (en) * | 1993-03-01 | 1995-09-26 | Perma Foam Limited | Contourable pocket foam mattress and method of manufacture |
US5459896A (en) * | 1992-06-24 | 1995-10-24 | Span-America Medical Systems, Inc. | Wheelchair cushion and cover |
USD368399S (en) * | 1994-01-18 | 1996-04-02 | Brado S.R.L. | Combined seat and back portions for a chair |
US5502855A (en) * | 1990-11-01 | 1996-04-02 | Graebe; Robert H. | Zoned cellular cushion |
US5533220A (en) * | 1995-01-13 | 1996-07-09 | Askle | Inflatable, "telescopic" cells for cushions and mattresses |
US5558314A (en) * | 1995-01-17 | 1996-09-24 | Weinstein; James D. | Fluid-like support device |
US5558398A (en) * | 1993-11-08 | 1996-09-24 | Santos; James P. | Self-adjusting seating system |
US5572804A (en) * | 1991-09-26 | 1996-11-12 | Retama Technology Corp. | Shoe sole component and shoe sole component construction method |
US5615869A (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1997-04-01 | Lancer, Inc. | Torsion spring assembly |
US5624161A (en) * | 1994-05-31 | 1997-04-29 | Takashimaya Nippatsu Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Seat cushion pad supporting construction |
US5628079A (en) * | 1996-01-16 | 1997-05-13 | Kizemchuk; Hanya | Seat cushion with projections |
US5632473A (en) * | 1992-10-01 | 1997-05-27 | Dias Magalh+E,Otl A+Ee Es Queiroz; Jo+E,Otl A+Ee O | Elastic spring and spring support for mattress, chair or upholstery |
US5638565A (en) * | 1995-04-07 | 1997-06-17 | Dielectrics Industries | Inflatable cushion |
US5720471A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-02-24 | The Ohio Mattress Company Licensing & Components Group | Low profile composite material bedding foundation system and methods of manufacture |
US5747140A (en) * | 1995-03-25 | 1998-05-05 | Heerklotz; Siegfried | Flat upholstered body |
US5785303A (en) * | 1994-03-03 | 1998-07-28 | Kutschi; Franz | Spring core for mattress or seat cushion |
US5787533A (en) * | 1995-03-24 | 1998-08-04 | Froli Kunststoffe Heinrich Fromme | Cushion support |
US5820573A (en) * | 1996-10-21 | 1998-10-13 | Ramos; Grace Marie | Body contour massage device and method |
US5975641A (en) * | 1995-06-06 | 1999-11-02 | Delesie; Patrick | Undulatory motion relaxation device for furniture with a suspension system |
US6029962A (en) * | 1997-10-24 | 2000-02-29 | Retama Technology Corporation | Shock absorbing component and construction method |
US6052852A (en) * | 1997-06-14 | 2000-04-25 | Huang; Chia-Shih | Mattress having massage effect |
US6098313A (en) * | 1991-09-26 | 2000-08-08 | Retama Technology Corporation | Shoe sole component and shoe sole component construction method |
US6101651A (en) * | 1998-04-03 | 2000-08-15 | Wing Hang (3Y) Industries Ltd. | Pillow core |
US6113082A (en) * | 1997-06-27 | 2000-09-05 | Nishikawa Sangyo Co., Ltd. | Spring |
US6134729A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 2000-10-24 | Sealy Technology Llc | High and low profile mattress foundation frames |
US6170808B1 (en) * | 1997-12-10 | 2001-01-09 | Franz Kutschi | Spring core for mattress or cushion |
US6170880B1 (en) * | 1996-07-15 | 2001-01-09 | Austria Card Plastikkarten Und Aussweissysteme Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Data carrier with a module and a hologram |
US6217121B1 (en) * | 1999-06-18 | 2001-04-17 | Jan Mollet | Therapeutic cushioning device |
US6343394B1 (en) * | 1998-07-15 | 2002-02-05 | Esperides S.R.L. | Mattress with interactive elastic elements |
US6343391B1 (en) * | 1998-05-19 | 2002-02-05 | Gray Matter Holdings, Llc | Towel-mat with a frame member and removably attached membranes |
US6353953B1 (en) * | 1998-10-28 | 2002-03-12 | Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Resin cushioning element |
US6382603B1 (en) * | 2001-02-08 | 2002-05-07 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Ridged elastomer mount |
US6406009B1 (en) * | 1992-04-17 | 2002-06-18 | Sealy Technology Llc | Flexible support structure with composite material spring modules mounted directly on frame members and related assembly equipment and methods-microtek III |
US6425153B1 (en) * | 1998-01-21 | 2002-07-30 | James B. Reswick | Support cushion |
US6427990B1 (en) * | 1999-09-01 | 2002-08-06 | Siegbert Hartmann | Spring body |
US6477727B1 (en) * | 1997-07-18 | 2002-11-12 | Froli Kunststoffwerk Heinrich Fromme Ohg | Bearing element for upholstery support for a seat or bed system |
US6546578B1 (en) * | 1998-04-01 | 2003-04-15 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Seat cushion for vehicle seats |
US6598251B2 (en) * | 2001-06-15 | 2003-07-29 | Hon Technology Inc. | Body support system |
USD486027S1 (en) * | 2003-01-08 | 2004-02-03 | Huntleigh Technology, Plc | Mattress |
US6726285B2 (en) * | 2000-07-03 | 2004-04-27 | Herman Miller, Inc. | Cellular chair construction |
US6901617B2 (en) * | 2002-05-06 | 2005-06-07 | Roho, Inc. | Multi-layer cushion and cover |
Family Cites Families (46)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE628357A (en) | ||||
US368399A (en) * | 1887-08-16 | Stephen johnson hubbell | ||
US2433012A (en) * | 1942-11-04 | 1947-12-23 | Zalicovitz Morris | Resilient construction for use in furniture |
US3393012A (en) | 1966-10-19 | 1968-07-16 | Chancellor Chair Company | Seat cushion |
US3591876A (en) * | 1969-12-16 | 1971-07-13 | Gen Motors Corp | Seat button assembly |
CA978669A (en) * | 1971-06-03 | 1975-11-25 | Delmar J. Richardson | Cushion inner spring and its method of manufacture |
DE7417627U (en) * | 1974-05-21 | 1974-10-03 | Imexin Sa Nv | Vibration damper |
US3999234A (en) | 1975-05-27 | 1976-12-28 | Regan John J | Body support |
JPS5712947Y2 (en) * | 1979-10-22 | 1982-03-15 | ||
GB2088206A (en) | 1980-11-27 | 1982-06-09 | Chun Ho Lai | Ventilative bedding |
DE3378264D1 (en) * | 1982-02-11 | 1988-11-24 | Dunlop Ltd | Vehicle axle suspension |
DE3367725D1 (en) | 1982-12-18 | 1987-01-08 | Lieberknecht A | Bed bottom with cross beams and resilient connecting pieces |
EP0129589B1 (en) | 1982-12-20 | 1989-02-08 | GRAEBE, Robert H. | Constant force cushion |
US4559656A (en) | 1982-12-28 | 1985-12-24 | Hill-Rom Company, Inc. | Hospital bed with a weight-distributing lever system |
IT8540443A0 (en) | 1985-12-30 | 1985-12-30 | Martino Mario De | STEEL SPRING MATTRESS IN WHICH THE FRAME AND THE SPRINGS THEMSELVES ARE COMPLETELY DROWNED IN EXPANDED POLYURETHANE FOAM |
US4890235A (en) | 1988-07-14 | 1989-12-26 | The Cleveland Clinic Foundation | Computer aided prescription of specialized seats for wheelchairs or other body supports |
DE69326241T3 (en) | 1992-06-15 | 2003-10-30 | Miller Herman Inc | OFFICE CHAIR |
DE9312478U1 (en) | 1993-08-20 | 1993-10-28 | Wei Ri Healthy Chair Co | Chair construction |
DE59407440D1 (en) * | 1993-11-10 | 1999-01-21 | Senne Lizenz & Produkte Gmbh | Upholstery element with a large number of spring elements arranged in regular patterns |
DE29714024U1 (en) | 1997-08-06 | 1997-12-18 | Recticel Int Bettsysteme Gmbh | Bearing body for the resilient mounting of strips of a bed frame |
US6333907B1 (en) * | 1998-03-17 | 2001-12-25 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Disk processing apparatus for reproducing information from a plurality of optical disks having different recording densities |
JP3306703B2 (en) * | 1998-08-05 | 2002-07-24 | 西川産業株式会社 | Spring structure for mattress |
EP1034726A1 (en) | 1999-03-09 | 2000-09-13 | Recticel Bedding (Schweiz) GmbH | A method of connecting an anchoring piece of plastics material to a structural element of wood, anchoring piece, structural element and slatted bed base according to that method |
EP1046361A1 (en) | 1999-04-21 | 2000-10-25 | Recticel | Resilient body supporting element and plastic spring suited for use therein |
DE29909654U1 (en) | 1999-06-02 | 2000-08-10 | Recticel Int Bettsysteme Gmbh | Spring element for use in a lower bed |
DE10082540D2 (en) | 1999-09-01 | 2002-11-07 | Siegbert Hartmann | spring body |
EP1099397B1 (en) | 1999-11-13 | 2003-08-06 | Recticel Schlafkomfort GmbH | Bed frame comprising a plurality of spring elements from which the mattress support is formed |
DE20001616U1 (en) | 2000-01-31 | 2001-03-08 | Froli Kunststoffwerk Fromme H | Bearing element for seating or lying areas |
FR2808246B1 (en) | 2000-04-27 | 2002-07-19 | Faure Bertrand Equipements Sa | MOTOR VEHICLE SEAT SEAT HAVING A MASSAGE EFFECT |
US6540950B1 (en) | 2000-09-20 | 2003-04-01 | Dahti, Inc. | Carrier and attachment method for load bearing fabric |
GB0026404D0 (en) * | 2000-10-28 | 2000-12-13 | Siddall & Hilton Ltd | Body support arrangements |
US6842959B2 (en) | 2001-01-25 | 2005-01-18 | Dahti, Inc. | Load bearing fabric attachment and associated method |
US6565157B2 (en) | 2001-02-23 | 2003-05-20 | Shelby Williams Industries, Inc. | Molded foam spring seat |
US20030001424A1 (en) | 2001-06-27 | 2003-01-02 | David Mundell | Integral elastomeric suspension article and manufacturing process |
US6711766B2 (en) * | 2002-05-31 | 2004-03-30 | Mjd Innovations, Llc | Multi-purpose, articulated, segmented field panel kit and fabrication process |
US6880886B2 (en) | 2002-09-12 | 2005-04-19 | Steelcase Development Corporation | Combined tension and back stop function for seating unit |
US7334845B2 (en) | 2002-09-12 | 2008-02-26 | Steelcase Development Corporation | Comfort surface for seating |
JP3635373B2 (en) * | 2002-10-09 | 2005-04-06 | ミネベア株式会社 | Wire break protection structure of rotary transformer type resolver |
CA2542978C (en) | 2003-10-23 | 2010-07-20 | Herman Miller, Inc. | Pixelated support structures and elements |
US6986182B2 (en) | 2004-06-10 | 2006-01-17 | L&P Property Management Company | Pocketed bedding or seating product having inflatable members |
US7441758B2 (en) | 2004-06-17 | 2008-10-28 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Load bearing surface |
US7356859B2 (en) | 2006-02-01 | 2008-04-15 | Hickory Springs Manufacturing Company | Bedding foundation support module |
US7740321B2 (en) | 2006-05-12 | 2010-06-22 | Herman Miller, Inc. | Suspended pixelated seating structure |
DE202006008525U1 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2006-07-27 | Spiroplex Gmbh | Bed batten fitting C-shaped bed frame holding profile and side socket section |
US8087727B2 (en) | 2006-10-04 | 2012-01-03 | Formway Furniture Limited | Chair |
MX2009008119A (en) | 2007-01-29 | 2009-08-12 | Miller Herman Inc | Seating structure and methods for the use thereof. |
-
2004
- 2004-10-22 CA CA2542978A patent/CA2542978C/en active Active
- 2004-10-22 US US10/972,153 patent/US20050116526A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-10-22 GB GB0608532A patent/GB2423346B/en active Active
- 2004-10-22 GB GB0801934A patent/GB2443122B/en active Active
- 2004-10-22 WO PCT/US2004/034933 patent/WO2005041719A2/en active Application Filing
-
2006
- 2006-12-21 US US11/645,234 patent/US7931257B2/en active Active
-
2011
- 2011-04-19 US US13/089,773 patent/US20110241270A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (99)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3126554A (en) * | 1964-03-31 | Prescription bedding having individually adjustable spring units | ||
US1982516A (en) * | 1933-07-12 | 1934-11-27 | Frances Keith Crocker | Seat mat |
US2233592A (en) * | 1938-07-21 | 1941-03-04 | Commercial Ingredients Corp | Resilient sheet |
US2549902A (en) * | 1945-10-02 | 1951-04-24 | Donald L Hibbard | Seat |
US2897879A (en) * | 1957-07-25 | 1959-08-04 | Chrysler Corp | Cushion spring unit |
US3233885A (en) * | 1959-11-04 | 1966-02-08 | Miller Herman Inc | Panel having multi-directional flexibility |
US3081129A (en) * | 1960-12-16 | 1963-03-12 | Ridder Clara Ann | Chairs and seats |
US3174741A (en) * | 1962-07-20 | 1965-03-23 | Garthe Wolff K G | Springy support for upholstery |
US3198578A (en) * | 1963-03-11 | 1965-08-03 | Ford Motor Co | Vehicle seat |
US3261037A (en) * | 1963-06-03 | 1966-07-19 | Union Carbide Corp | Molded body support |
US3255470A (en) * | 1964-03-03 | 1966-06-14 | Richard R Knittel | Molded spring |
US3242512A (en) * | 1964-03-03 | 1966-03-29 | Ronald H Beckman | Bellows spring assembly |
US3262137A (en) * | 1964-03-03 | 1966-07-26 | Ronald H Beckman | Spring assemblies |
US3262138A (en) * | 1964-03-03 | 1966-07-26 | Union Carbide Corp | Double-tapered spring assembly |
US3263247A (en) * | 1964-03-03 | 1966-08-02 | Richard R Knittel | Headed hollow body support |
US3276048A (en) * | 1964-03-03 | 1966-10-04 | Ronald H Beckman | Spring assembly |
US3280410A (en) * | 1964-03-03 | 1966-10-25 | Robert L Propst | Multi-directional molded spring assembly |
US3251077A (en) * | 1964-03-03 | 1966-05-17 | Ronald H Beckman | Spring assembly |
US3398012A (en) * | 1964-09-08 | 1968-08-20 | Fordath Engineering Company Lt | Continuous process for the coating of particulate material with resin |
US3340548A (en) * | 1965-10-01 | 1967-09-12 | Wortso Corp | Bedding prescription apparatus |
US3559978A (en) * | 1969-04-01 | 1971-02-02 | Otto P Molt | Flat spring arrangement for use on a spring wire mesh |
US3633228A (en) * | 1969-05-30 | 1972-01-11 | Foamcoil Services Sa | Spring upholstery assembly |
US3681797A (en) * | 1969-07-02 | 1972-08-08 | Jacob Messner | Cover materials for body-supporting articles |
US4033567A (en) * | 1969-10-04 | 1977-07-05 | Deres Development Corporation | Cushioning material construction |
US4283864A (en) * | 1969-10-04 | 1981-08-18 | Deres Development Corporation | Cushioning material construction |
US3790150A (en) * | 1969-10-04 | 1974-02-05 | Deres Dev Corp | Mechanical support system |
US3767261A (en) * | 1971-03-22 | 1973-10-23 | D Rowland | Seating and sub-assembly for seats and backs and method for making same |
US3843477A (en) * | 1971-03-22 | 1974-10-22 | D Rowland | Arcuate wire assembly coated with plastic |
US3774967A (en) * | 1971-03-22 | 1973-11-27 | D Rowland | Seating and sub-assembly for seats and backs |
US3940811A (en) * | 1972-07-17 | 1976-03-02 | Idemitsu, Kosan Kabushiki-Kaisha (Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.) | Lightweight construction materials and articles made thereof |
US3889302A (en) * | 1974-05-13 | 1975-06-17 | Marta Carlota Ketterer | Fluid discharge unit |
US4036526A (en) * | 1976-08-16 | 1977-07-19 | Baechle William G | Furniture spring support |
US4190914A (en) * | 1978-03-29 | 1980-03-04 | Souleymane Diallo | Sleep unit |
US4383342A (en) * | 1980-03-15 | 1983-05-17 | Peter Forster | Mattress for a sitting or lying person |
US4367897A (en) * | 1980-12-29 | 1983-01-11 | Cousins Steven J | Adjustable seat for the handicapped |
US4399574A (en) * | 1981-01-06 | 1983-08-23 | Shuman Joseph G | Novel mattress pad |
US4415147A (en) * | 1981-10-09 | 1983-11-15 | Simmons Universal Corporation | Seating spring assembly and method |
US4509510A (en) * | 1981-12-28 | 1985-04-09 | Hook Clarence L | Massage tread for human skin |
US4686724A (en) * | 1983-04-22 | 1987-08-18 | Bedford Peter H | Support pad for nonambulatory persons |
US4605582A (en) * | 1985-05-23 | 1986-08-12 | American Hospital Supply Corporation | Body support pad |
US4673605A (en) * | 1985-05-23 | 1987-06-16 | Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. | Body support pad |
US4744351A (en) * | 1985-06-25 | 1988-05-17 | S + G Implants Gmbh | Medical support |
US4644593A (en) * | 1985-10-09 | 1987-02-24 | Brien James A O | Variable support cushion for supporting anatomical body weight |
US4809374A (en) * | 1986-01-15 | 1989-03-07 | Joseph Saviez | Padding body constituted of individual modular elements, and its application to the production of seats and of removable cushions or back-rests |
US4980936A (en) * | 1986-09-05 | 1991-01-01 | Frickland Peter O | Closed cell foam ground pad and methods for making same |
US5025519A (en) * | 1986-10-22 | 1991-06-25 | Span-America Medical Systems, Inc. | Multi-section mattress overlay for systematized pressure dispersion |
US4826249A (en) * | 1988-02-22 | 1989-05-02 | General Motors Corporation | Thin inflatable elastomeric seat |
US4972351A (en) * | 1988-07-14 | 1990-11-20 | The Cleveland Clinic Foundation | Computer aided fabrication of wheelchair seats or other body supports |
US5280573A (en) * | 1989-03-14 | 1994-01-18 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Document processing support system using keywords to retrieve explanatory information linked together by correlative arcs |
US5426799A (en) * | 1989-06-08 | 1995-06-27 | Superba S.A. | Mattress system |
US5153956A (en) * | 1989-12-21 | 1992-10-13 | Bruno Fronebner | Lowering unit area pressure |
US5105488A (en) * | 1990-04-18 | 1992-04-21 | Simmons Company | Bedding configuration having variable support characteristics |
US5163196A (en) * | 1990-11-01 | 1992-11-17 | Roho, Inc. | Zoned cellular cushion with flexible flaps containing inflating manifold |
US5502855A (en) * | 1990-11-01 | 1996-04-02 | Graebe; Robert H. | Zoned cellular cushion |
US5976451A (en) * | 1991-09-26 | 1999-11-02 | Retama Technology Corporation | Construction method for cushioning component |
US5572804A (en) * | 1991-09-26 | 1996-11-12 | Retama Technology Corp. | Shoe sole component and shoe sole component construction method |
US6098313A (en) * | 1991-09-26 | 2000-08-08 | Retama Technology Corporation | Shoe sole component and shoe sole component construction method |
US5165125A (en) * | 1991-10-22 | 1992-11-24 | Simmons Company | Bedding system including spring having limiting membrane |
US5316375A (en) * | 1991-12-16 | 1994-05-31 | Buddy Orthopoedic Inc. | Back support and internal frame |
US5239715A (en) * | 1992-02-11 | 1993-08-31 | The Ohio Mattress Company Licensing And Components Group | Border stabilizing and reinforcing member for use in mattresses, cushions and the like |
US6406009B1 (en) * | 1992-04-17 | 2002-06-18 | Sealy Technology Llc | Flexible support structure with composite material spring modules mounted directly on frame members and related assembly equipment and methods-microtek III |
US5459896A (en) * | 1992-06-24 | 1995-10-24 | Span-America Medical Systems, Inc. | Wheelchair cushion and cover |
US5632473A (en) * | 1992-10-01 | 1997-05-27 | Dias Magalh+E,Otl A+Ee Es Queiroz; Jo+E,Otl A+Ee O | Elastic spring and spring support for mattress, chair or upholstery |
US5328245A (en) * | 1992-10-30 | 1994-07-12 | Thomas J. Marks | Chair having adjustable back support |
US5452488A (en) * | 1993-03-01 | 1995-09-26 | Perma Foam Limited | Contourable pocket foam mattress and method of manufacture |
US5558398A (en) * | 1993-11-08 | 1996-09-24 | Santos; James P. | Self-adjusting seating system |
USD368399S (en) * | 1994-01-18 | 1996-04-02 | Brado S.R.L. | Combined seat and back portions for a chair |
US5785303A (en) * | 1994-03-03 | 1998-07-28 | Kutschi; Franz | Spring core for mattress or seat cushion |
US5624161A (en) * | 1994-05-31 | 1997-04-29 | Takashimaya Nippatsu Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Seat cushion pad supporting construction |
US5533220A (en) * | 1995-01-13 | 1996-07-09 | Askle | Inflatable, "telescopic" cells for cushions and mattresses |
US5558314A (en) * | 1995-01-17 | 1996-09-24 | Weinstein; James D. | Fluid-like support device |
US5787533A (en) * | 1995-03-24 | 1998-08-04 | Froli Kunststoffe Heinrich Fromme | Cushion support |
US5747140A (en) * | 1995-03-25 | 1998-05-05 | Heerklotz; Siegfried | Flat upholstered body |
US5638565A (en) * | 1995-04-07 | 1997-06-17 | Dielectrics Industries | Inflatable cushion |
US5615869A (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1997-04-01 | Lancer, Inc. | Torsion spring assembly |
US5975641A (en) * | 1995-06-06 | 1999-11-02 | Delesie; Patrick | Undulatory motion relaxation device for furniture with a suspension system |
US5720471A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-02-24 | The Ohio Mattress Company Licensing & Components Group | Low profile composite material bedding foundation system and methods of manufacture |
US6134729A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 2000-10-24 | Sealy Technology Llc | High and low profile mattress foundation frames |
US5628079A (en) * | 1996-01-16 | 1997-05-13 | Kizemchuk; Hanya | Seat cushion with projections |
US6170880B1 (en) * | 1996-07-15 | 2001-01-09 | Austria Card Plastikkarten Und Aussweissysteme Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Data carrier with a module and a hologram |
US5820573A (en) * | 1996-10-21 | 1998-10-13 | Ramos; Grace Marie | Body contour massage device and method |
US6052852A (en) * | 1997-06-14 | 2000-04-25 | Huang; Chia-Shih | Mattress having massage effect |
US6113082A (en) * | 1997-06-27 | 2000-09-05 | Nishikawa Sangyo Co., Ltd. | Spring |
US6477727B1 (en) * | 1997-07-18 | 2002-11-12 | Froli Kunststoffwerk Heinrich Fromme Ohg | Bearing element for upholstery support for a seat or bed system |
US6029962A (en) * | 1997-10-24 | 2000-02-29 | Retama Technology Corporation | Shock absorbing component and construction method |
US6170808B1 (en) * | 1997-12-10 | 2001-01-09 | Franz Kutschi | Spring core for mattress or cushion |
US6425153B1 (en) * | 1998-01-21 | 2002-07-30 | James B. Reswick | Support cushion |
US6546578B1 (en) * | 1998-04-01 | 2003-04-15 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Seat cushion for vehicle seats |
US6101651A (en) * | 1998-04-03 | 2000-08-15 | Wing Hang (3Y) Industries Ltd. | Pillow core |
US6343391B1 (en) * | 1998-05-19 | 2002-02-05 | Gray Matter Holdings, Llc | Towel-mat with a frame member and removably attached membranes |
US6343394B1 (en) * | 1998-07-15 | 2002-02-05 | Esperides S.R.L. | Mattress with interactive elastic elements |
US6353953B1 (en) * | 1998-10-28 | 2002-03-12 | Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Resin cushioning element |
US6217121B1 (en) * | 1999-06-18 | 2001-04-17 | Jan Mollet | Therapeutic cushioning device |
US6427990B1 (en) * | 1999-09-01 | 2002-08-06 | Siegbert Hartmann | Spring body |
US6726285B2 (en) * | 2000-07-03 | 2004-04-27 | Herman Miller, Inc. | Cellular chair construction |
US6382603B1 (en) * | 2001-02-08 | 2002-05-07 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Ridged elastomer mount |
US6598251B2 (en) * | 2001-06-15 | 2003-07-29 | Hon Technology Inc. | Body support system |
US6901617B2 (en) * | 2002-05-06 | 2005-06-07 | Roho, Inc. | Multi-layer cushion and cover |
USD486027S1 (en) * | 2003-01-08 | 2004-02-03 | Huntleigh Technology, Plc | Mattress |
Cited By (42)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060103222A1 (en) * | 2000-07-03 | 2006-05-18 | Caruso Jerome C | Seating structure having flexible support surface |
US20050001461A1 (en) * | 2000-07-03 | 2005-01-06 | Caruso Jerome Carmel | Seating structure having flexible support surface |
US7794022B2 (en) | 2000-07-03 | 2010-09-14 | Herman Miller, Inc. | Body support structure having a molded elastomeric member |
US20090096273A1 (en) * | 2000-07-03 | 2009-04-16 | Herman Miller, Inc. | Body support structure having a molded elastomeric member |
US20070246873A1 (en) * | 2003-10-23 | 2007-10-25 | Vanderiet Douglas M | Multilayer load bearing structure |
US7931257B2 (en) | 2003-10-23 | 2011-04-26 | Herman Miller, Inc. | Multilayer load bearing structure |
US9173496B2 (en) | 2004-06-17 | 2015-11-03 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Load bearing surface |
US10226893B2 (en) | 2004-06-17 | 2019-03-12 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Load bearing surface |
US9976621B2 (en) | 2004-06-17 | 2018-05-22 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Pre-deformed thermoplastics spring and method of manufacture |
US7441758B2 (en) | 2004-06-17 | 2008-10-28 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Load bearing surface |
US9215933B2 (en) | 2004-06-17 | 2015-12-22 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Load bearing surface |
US7406733B2 (en) | 2005-05-13 | 2008-08-05 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Elastomeric fabric load bearing surface |
EP2044862A1 (en) * | 2006-05-01 | 2009-04-08 | Hans Ulrich Dipl.-Ing. Schwenk | Spring element for upholstery |
US7740321B2 (en) | 2006-05-12 | 2010-06-22 | Herman Miller, Inc. | Suspended pixelated seating structure |
US20100253128A1 (en) * | 2006-05-12 | 2010-10-07 | Herman Miller, Inc. | Suspended pixelated seating structure |
US8186761B2 (en) | 2006-05-12 | 2012-05-29 | Herman Miller, Inc. | Suspended pixelated seating structure |
US20070262634A1 (en) * | 2006-05-12 | 2007-11-15 | Brill Ryan S | Suspended pixelated seating structure |
US8469454B2 (en) | 2007-01-29 | 2013-06-25 | Herman Miller, Inc. | Back construction |
US8419133B2 (en) | 2007-01-29 | 2013-04-16 | Herman Miller, Inc. | Seating structure with independently adjustable back |
US8394041B2 (en) | 2007-03-09 | 2013-03-12 | Fka Distributing Co., Llc | Body massager |
WO2008112488A3 (en) * | 2007-03-09 | 2008-11-06 | Fka Distributing Dba Homedics | Body massager |
WO2008112488A2 (en) * | 2007-03-09 | 2008-09-18 | Fka Distributing Co. D/B/A Homedics, Inc. | Body massager |
US20080262398A1 (en) * | 2007-03-09 | 2008-10-23 | Fka Distributing Co. D/B/A Homedics, Inc. | Body massager |
US8128175B2 (en) | 2008-06-04 | 2012-03-06 | Herman Miller, Inc. | Suspension seating |
US20090302662A1 (en) * | 2008-06-04 | 2009-12-10 | Groelsma John C | Suspension seating |
US9629467B2 (en) | 2008-07-25 | 2017-04-25 | Herman Miller, Inc. | Method for manufacturing a multi-layered support structure |
US20100021685A1 (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2010-01-28 | Brill Ryan S | Multi-layered support structure |
US8691370B2 (en) | 2008-07-25 | 2014-04-08 | Herman Miller, Inc. | Multi-layered support structure |
US20110025109A1 (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2011-02-03 | Steve Ryczek | Mesh Seat for Ride-On Power Equipment |
US20150028650A1 (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2015-01-29 | Proprietect L.P. | Foam seat element, and process and mold for producing same |
US20140059775A1 (en) * | 2012-08-29 | 2014-03-06 | Sarkis Khanzadian | Supportive comfort cushion |
US9572431B2 (en) * | 2012-08-29 | 2017-02-21 | Sarkis Khanzadian | Supportive comfort cushion |
US20140373280A1 (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2014-12-25 | L&P Property Management Company | Pocketed Spring Assembly Comprising Strings of Springs Having Y-Shaped Seams and Inserts |
US9775442B2 (en) | 2013-06-19 | 2017-10-03 | L&P Property Management Company | Pocketed spring assembly comprising strings of springs having non-linear separating seams |
US9968203B2 (en) | 2013-06-19 | 2018-05-15 | L&P Property Management Company | Pocketed spring assembly comprising strings of springs having non-linear separating seams |
US9414692B2 (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2016-08-16 | L&P Property Management Company | Pocketed spring assembly comprising strings of springs having Y-shaped seams and inserts |
US10426274B2 (en) | 2013-06-19 | 2019-10-01 | L&P Property Management Company | Pocketed spring assembly comprising strings of springs having non-linear separating seams |
USD782861S1 (en) * | 2014-10-08 | 2017-04-04 | Froli Kunststoffwerk Heinrich Fromme Inhaberine Margret Fromme-Ruthmann E. Kfr. | Grid spring assembly |
US20180125245A1 (en) * | 2015-04-13 | 2018-05-10 | Steelcase Inc. | Seating arrangement |
US10575648B2 (en) * | 2015-04-13 | 2020-03-03 | Steelcase Inc. | Seating arrangement |
US20220175601A1 (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2022-06-09 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Multi-stable compliant-mechanism mattress for bed sore prevention |
WO2023152248A1 (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2023-08-17 | Armin Sander | Support structure, in particular as a lumbar support |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2005041719A2 (en) | 2005-05-12 |
GB2443122A (en) | 2008-04-23 |
GB2423346A (en) | 2006-08-23 |
GB2423346B (en) | 2008-05-07 |
US20110241270A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
WO2005041719A3 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
US7931257B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 |
GB2443122B (en) | 2008-06-04 |
US20070246873A1 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
CA2542978A1 (en) | 2005-05-12 |
CA2542978C (en) | 2010-07-20 |
GB0801934D0 (en) | 2008-03-12 |
GB0608532D0 (en) | 2006-06-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7931257B2 (en) | Multilayer load bearing structure | |
US11771227B2 (en) | Compliant seating structure | |
US10791842B2 (en) | Conforming back for a seating unit | |
US9763522B2 (en) | Seat cushion with flexible contouring | |
US4383342A (en) | Mattress for a sitting or lying person | |
JP6795415B2 (en) | Back support for chairs | |
US9173496B2 (en) | Load bearing surface | |
US7740321B2 (en) | Suspended pixelated seating structure | |
US5975641A (en) | Undulatory motion relaxation device for furniture with a suspension system | |
KR102184795B1 (en) | Chair with improved sense of seating and elasticity | |
AU2017203915B2 (en) | Adjustable back support for a seating surface | |
CN218832367U (en) | Assembled elastic sofa chair | |
CN218185983U (en) | Cloth deformation cushion | |
CN112754206A (en) | Assembled elastic sofa chair | |
KR200269736Y1 (en) | Connecting apparatus of chair's back flap |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: HERMAN MILLER, INC., MICHIGAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:VANDERIET, DOUGLAS M.;HILL, CHRISTOPHER C.;KURRASH, ANDREW J.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:015912/0658;SIGNING DATES FROM 20041019 TO 20041022 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |