US20050051382A1 - Pneumatic blow-off silencer - Google Patents

Pneumatic blow-off silencer Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050051382A1
US20050051382A1 US10/937,033 US93703304A US2005051382A1 US 20050051382 A1 US20050051382 A1 US 20050051382A1 US 93703304 A US93703304 A US 93703304A US 2005051382 A1 US2005051382 A1 US 2005051382A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
expansion space
silencer
flow
damping element
pressure
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/937,033
Inventor
Olav Borgmeier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voss Automotive GmbH
Original Assignee
Voss Automotive GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voss Automotive GmbH filed Critical Voss Automotive GmbH
Assigned to VOSS AUTOMOIVE GMBH reassignment VOSS AUTOMOIVE GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BORGMEIER, OLAV
Publication of US20050051382A1 publication Critical patent/US20050051382A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/02—Energy absorbers; Noise absorbers
    • F16L55/027—Throttle passages
    • F16L55/02745—Throttle passages by passing through a mass of particles or a porous member

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a silencer for the damping of noises occurring in pneumatic pressure systems as a result of pressure blow-off flows from a pressure side to an atmosphere side.
  • the silencer consists of a housing surrounding an expansion space with a pressure-side inlet for the blow-off flow and an opposite atmosphere-side outlet.
  • Such a silencer is known by the term “expansion tube”.
  • Silencing is based on the known principle of “double cross-sectional jump”, in that the inlet first widens into the expansion space (cross-sectional enlargement) and the latter transitions into the narrowed outlet (cross-sectional reduction).
  • a disc-shaped air filter (foam filter or sintered filter cartridge) corresponding to the inner cross section of the expansion space is arranged in front of and near the outlet for the purpose of filtering air sucked in from the atmosphere side via a compressor through the silencer.
  • the known expansion tube is still not satisfactory where silencing is concerned.
  • the object on which the invention is based is to improve a silencer of the type mentioned in such a way that markedly more effective silencing is achieved.
  • a damping element is arranged within the expansion space in the vicinity of the inlet, specifically preferably directly in the connection to the inlet.
  • This damping element consists of a dimensionally stable, but porous material through which a flow is therefore capable of passing.
  • the blow-off flow flows through the damping element before, during or immediately after the first cross-sectional jump, thus bringing about highly effective silencing by the amount of at least 5 dB.
  • the damping element in the region of the inlet, there may be provision, if appropriate, but also alternatively (irrespective of this), for the damping element to have a flow area through which a flow is capable of passing, which is larger than the inner cross-sectional area of the expansion space. Owing to this enlargement of the area available for the throughflow, effective silencing can likewise be achieved.
  • an insulating material such as wadding or similar soft stuffable fibre material, may be arranged within the expansion space. This measure likewise leads to an improvement in silencing, specifically even without the damping element according to the invention or with a known disc-shaped filter element.
  • the ratio of the inner cross section of the expansion space to the cross section of the outlet should be in the range of between 2:1 and at most 30:1, and in this case it was recognized that, surprisingly (since it is contrary to theoretical considerations), it is precisely lower ratios, particularly in the region around 8:1, which lead to optimum damping. This may be achieved, for example, if a specific inner cross section (diameter) of the expansion space is accompanied by an enlargement of the cross section or diameter of the outlet.
  • FIG. 1 shows a silencer according to the invention in longitudinal section, together with diagrammatic components of a pneumatic pressure system, in order to illustrate the installation situation of the silencer.
  • a silencer 1 according to the invention is to be arranged in an intake line (not illustrated) of a pneumatic pressure system.
  • the silencer 1 consists of a cartridge-like housing 2 which surrounds an expansion space 4 and which has an inlet 6 located on one side and an opposite outlet 8 .
  • the expansion space 4 has an inner cross section A 1 widened with respect to the inlet 6 and the outlet 8 , according to the “double cross-sectional jump” principle.
  • the inlet 6 is connected via a switching-valve arrangement, not illustrated, to a compressor 10 which builds up a pressure “p” in any pneumatic assembly 12 .
  • the compressor 10 sucks in air from an atmosphere side through the silencer 1 , this being illustrated by broken arrows 14 .
  • the outlet 8 actually forms an inlet and the inlet 6 actually forms an outlet.
  • a reverse blow-off flow illustrated by unbroken arrows 16 , which, on account of a flow velocity which is relatively high as a consequence of pressure, causes pronounced noises which are to be damped by the silencer 1 .
  • the blow-off flow (arrows 16 ) thus takes place from the pressure-side inlet 6 through the expansion space 4 to the atmosphere-side outlet 8 .
  • the inlet 6 and the outlet 8 may in each case be designed as connection pieces for the connection of pipelines or hose lines, not illustrated.
  • a damping element 18 consisting of a porous material through which a flow is therefore capable of passing is arranged in such a way that the blow-off flow 16 , and, of course, also the reverse intake flow 14 , can flow through it.
  • the damping element 18 thereby additionally also has a filter function.
  • the damping element 18 is arranged directly in the connection to the inlet 6 .
  • the damping element 18 has a flow area through which a flow is capable of passing, which, in any event, is larger than the inner cross-sectional area A 1 of the expansion space 4 .
  • the damping element 18 is designed as an elongate hollow body with a porous body wall 20 , the hollow body projecting freely from the inlet 6 into the expansion space 4 .
  • the hollow body on its side facing the inlet 6 , has an inflow orifice and opposite it has a closed bottom.
  • the body wall 20 consists of a porous, but dimensionally stable plastic, in particular from the group of polyolefins, preferably of a porous high-density polyethylene (HDPE).
  • a soft, flexible, stuffable insulating material 22 such as wadding or suchlike fibre material is additionally arranged within a region of the expansion space 4 which is adjacent to the damping element 18 .
  • the damping element 18 being arranged accordingly to the invention on the side adjacent to the inlet 6 , the insulating material 22 is consequently arranged in the region between the damping element 18 and the outlet 8 , but may also be arranged at least partially within the outlet 8 .
  • the ratio of the inner cross-sectional area A 1 of the expansion space 4 to the cross-sectional area A 2 of the outlet 8 is at most 30:1.
  • this ratio should, in particular, lie approximately in the range of 2:1 to 10:1, in particular around about 8:1.
  • the housing 2 or the expansion space 4 is a cylinder with a circular inner cross section and the outlet 8 likewise has a circular inner cross section, a diameter ratio of the inside diameter of the expansion space 4 to the inside diameter of the outlet 8 of between 1.5:1 and 6:1, in particular around about 3:1, is obtained.
  • the cartridge-like housing 2 expediently consists of two housing parts 2 a , 2 b , preferably made from plastic which are preferably connected via a latching connection 24 (snappable, in particular circumferentially closed positive or non-positive/positive connection).
  • the damping element 18 is preferably connected via a threaded connection, not illustrated, to one housing part 2 a in such a way that the blow-off flow 16 flows out of an inlet 6 directly to the hollow body of the damping element 18 , and then through the wall 20 further on into the expansion space 4 .
  • An additional highly effective silencing is thereby achieved precisely in the region of the first cross-sectional jump.
  • the large flow-through flow area of the damping element 18 also contributes to this.
  • the damping element 18 may also be connected in one piece to the housing part 2 a , for example in a materially integral manner by two-component injection, adhesive bonding, welding or the like.

Abstract

The present invention relates to a silencer for the damping of noises occurring in pneumatic pressure systems as a result of pressure blow-off flows from a pressure side to an atmosphere side. The silencer consists of a housing surrounding an expansion space, with a pressure-side inlet for the blow-off flow and with an opposite atmosphere-side outlet. A damping element consisting of a porous material through which a flow is capable of passing is arranged within the expansion space in the vicinity of the inlet. The damping element has a flow area through which a flow is capable of passing, which is larger than the inner cross-sectional area (A1) of the expansion space.

Description

    CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
  • This application claims priority to German Utility Model Application Number 203 14 134.2 filed Sep. 10, 2004.
    • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention relates to a silencer for the damping of noises occurring in pneumatic pressure systems as a result of pressure blow-off flows from a pressure side to an atmosphere side. The silencer consists of a housing surrounding an expansion space with a pressure-side inlet for the blow-off flow and an opposite atmosphere-side outlet.
    • BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • Such a silencer is known by the term “expansion tube”. Silencing is based on the known principle of “double cross-sectional jump”, in that the inlet first widens into the expansion space (cross-sectional enlargement) and the latter transitions into the narrowed outlet (cross-sectional reduction). In addition, in the known expansion tube, a disc-shaped air filter (foam filter or sintered filter cartridge) corresponding to the inner cross section of the expansion space is arranged in front of and near the outlet for the purpose of filtering air sucked in from the atmosphere side via a compressor through the silencer. The known expansion tube is still not satisfactory where silencing is concerned.
  • The object on which the invention is based is to improve a silencer of the type mentioned in such a way that markedly more effective silencing is achieved.
  • To achieve this object, several novel inventive measures may be employed individually (alternatively) or else in a specific combination.
  • In a first measure according to the invention, a damping element is arranged within the expansion space in the vicinity of the inlet, specifically preferably directly in the connection to the inlet. This damping element consists of a dimensionally stable, but porous material through which a flow is therefore capable of passing. Thus, the blow-off flow flows through the damping element before, during or immediately after the first cross-sectional jump, thus bringing about highly effective silencing by the amount of at least 5 dB.
  • In addition to the special arrangement of the damping element in the region of the inlet, according to the invention, there may be provision, if appropriate, but also alternatively (irrespective of this), for the damping element to have a flow area through which a flow is capable of passing, which is larger than the inner cross-sectional area of the expansion space. Owing to this enlargement of the area available for the throughflow, effective silencing can likewise be achieved.
  • As a further solution according to the invention for achieving the above object, an insulating material, such as wadding or similar soft stuffable fibre material, may be arranged within the expansion space. This measure likewise leads to an improvement in silencing, specifically even without the damping element according to the invention or with a known disc-shaped filter element.
  • Finally, the ratio of the inner cross section of the expansion space to the cross section of the outlet should be in the range of between 2:1 and at most 30:1, and in this case it was recognized that, surprisingly (since it is contrary to theoretical considerations), it is precisely lower ratios, particularly in the region around 8:1, which lead to optimum damping. This may be achieved, for example, if a specific inner cross section (diameter) of the expansion space is accompanied by an enlargement of the cross section or diameter of the outlet.
  • Further advantageous design features of the invention are contained in subclaims and in the following description.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a preferred exemplary embodiment illustrated in the drawing.
  • FIG. 1 shows a silencer according to the invention in longitudinal section, together with diagrammatic components of a pneumatic pressure system, in order to illustrate the installation situation of the silencer.
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • A silencer 1 according to the invention is to be arranged in an intake line (not illustrated) of a pneumatic pressure system. The silencer 1 consists of a cartridge-like housing 2 which surrounds an expansion space 4 and which has an inlet 6 located on one side and an opposite outlet 8. As illustrated, the expansion space 4 has an inner cross section A1 widened with respect to the inlet 6 and the outlet 8, according to the “double cross-sectional jump” principle. The inlet 6 is connected via a switching-valve arrangement, not illustrated, to a compressor 10 which builds up a pressure “p” in any pneumatic assembly 12. For this purpose, the compressor 10 sucks in air from an atmosphere side through the silencer 1, this being illustrated by broken arrows 14. For this intake flow 14, the outlet 8 actually forms an inlet and the inlet 6 actually forms an outlet. In specific operating states of the pneumatic pressure system, however, it is necessary at least partially to discharge the pressure p from the assembly 12, thus giving rise to a reverse blow-off flow, illustrated by unbroken arrows 16, which, on account of a flow velocity which is relatively high as a consequence of pressure, causes pronounced noises which are to be damped by the silencer 1. The blow-off flow (arrows 16) thus takes place from the pressure-side inlet 6 through the expansion space 4 to the atmosphere-side outlet 8.
  • As illustrated, furthermore, the inlet 6 and the outlet 8 may in each case be designed as connection pieces for the connection of pipelines or hose lines, not illustrated.
  • According to the invention, within the expansion space 4, a damping element 18 consisting of a porous material through which a flow is therefore capable of passing is arranged in such a way that the blow-off flow 16, and, of course, also the reverse intake flow 14, can flow through it. The damping element 18 thereby additionally also has a filter function. According to the invention, the damping element 18 is arranged directly in the connection to the inlet 6. In this case, the damping element 18 has a flow area through which a flow is capable of passing, which, in any event, is larger than the inner cross-sectional area A1 of the expansion space 4. For this purpose, in the exemplary embodiment illustrated, the damping element 18 is designed as an elongate hollow body with a porous body wall 20, the hollow body projecting freely from the inlet 6 into the expansion space 4. The hollow body, on its side facing the inlet 6, has an inflow orifice and opposite it has a closed bottom. The body wall 20 consists of a porous, but dimensionally stable plastic, in particular from the group of polyolefins, preferably of a porous high-density polyethylene (HDPE).
  • In the exemplary embodiment illustrated, a soft, flexible, stuffable insulating material 22, such as wadding or suchlike fibre material is additionally arranged within a region of the expansion space 4 which is adjacent to the damping element 18. By the damping element 18 being arranged accordingly to the invention on the side adjacent to the inlet 6, the insulating material 22 is consequently arranged in the region between the damping element 18 and the outlet 8, but may also be arranged at least partially within the outlet 8.
  • As a further measure according to the invention, there is provision for the ratio of the inner cross-sectional area A1 of the expansion space 4 to the cross-sectional area A2 of the outlet 8 to be at most 30:1. For especially effective damping, this ratio should, in particular, lie approximately in the range of 2:1 to 10:1, in particular around about 8:1. If, for example, the housing 2 or the expansion space 4 is a cylinder with a circular inner cross section and the outlet 8 likewise has a circular inner cross section, a diameter ratio of the inside diameter of the expansion space 4 to the inside diameter of the outlet 8 of between 1.5:1 and 6:1, in particular around about 3:1, is obtained.
  • The cartridge-like housing 2 expediently consists of two housing parts 2 a, 2 b, preferably made from plastic which are preferably connected via a latching connection 24 (snappable, in particular circumferentially closed positive or non-positive/positive connection). The damping element 18 is preferably connected via a threaded connection, not illustrated, to one housing part 2 a in such a way that the blow-off flow 16 flows out of an inlet 6 directly to the hollow body of the damping element 18, and then through the wall 20 further on into the expansion space 4. An additional highly effective silencing is thereby achieved precisely in the region of the first cross-sectional jump. The large flow-through flow area of the damping element 18 also contributes to this. The damping element 18 may also be connected in one piece to the housing part 2 a, for example in a materially integral manner by two-component injection, adhesive bonding, welding or the like.
  • The invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiment illustrated and described, but also embraces all versions having an identical effect within the meaning of the invention. Thus, all the individual features of the invention may be provided alternatively or in any desired combination.
  • While the above description constitutes the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be appreciated that the invention is susceptible to modification, variation and change without departing from the proper scope and fair meaning of the accompanying claims.

Claims (8)

1. A silencer for the damping of noises occurring in pneumatic pressure systems as a result of pressure blow-off flow from a pressure side to an atmosphere side, the silencer comprising a housing having an interior defining an expansion space, the housing comprising a pressure-side inlet for the blow-off flow and with an opposite atmosphere-side outlet, a damping element arranged within the expansion space in the vicinity of the inlet and which consists of a porous material through which the blow-off flow is capable of passing.
2. A silencer particularly according to claim 1 wherein the damping element has a flow area effective for throughflow, which is larger than the inner cross-sectional area of the expansion space.
3. A silencer according to claim 2 wherein the damping element is designed as an elongate hollow body with an inflow orifice located on one side and connected to the pressure-side inlet and with a porous body wall having a bottom opposite the inflow orifice.
4. A silencer according to claim 3 wherein the body wall of the damping element is formed of a porous plastic, in particular from the group of polyolefins, preferably of a porous high-density polyethylene (HDPE).
5. A silencer according to claim 1 wherein an insulting material of a wadding or fibre material is arranged within the expansion space.
6. A silencer according to claim 5 wherein the insulating material is arranged in the region between the damping element and the atmosphere-side outlet.
7. A silencer according to claim 1 wherein the ratio of the inner cross section (A1) of the expansion space to the cross sectional areas (A2) of the atmosphere-side outlet is in the range of between 2:1 and at most 30:1, and preferably about 8:1.
8. A silencer according to claim 1 wherein the ratio of the inner cross section (A1) of the expansion space to the cross sectional areas (A2) of the pressure-side outlet is in the range of between 2:1 and at most 30:1, and preferably about 8:1.
US10/937,033 2003-09-10 2004-09-08 Pneumatic blow-off silencer Abandoned US20050051382A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE20314134.2 2003-09-10
DE20314134U DE20314134U1 (en) 2003-09-10 2003-09-10 Pneumatic blow-off silencer

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060162994A1 (en) * 2005-01-25 2006-07-27 Blette Russell E Muffler for attenuating noise produced by a pneumatic device, having a conduit path for maximun noise reduction
US20080099277A1 (en) * 2006-10-30 2008-05-01 Basso Industry Corp. Muffler for pneumatic tools
US20080308347A1 (en) * 2007-06-15 2008-12-18 Don Emler Vehicular exhaust system
GB2464746A (en) * 2008-10-24 2010-04-28 Marine Systems Technology Ltd Noise reduction in ducted air systems
US20100140015A1 (en) * 2007-05-09 2010-06-10 Stephan Weber Silencer
US20120118408A1 (en) * 2009-06-22 2012-05-17 Airbus Operations Gmbh Flow limiter and use of a flow limiter in an air distribution system of an air conditioning system of an aircraft
WO2016031711A1 (en) * 2014-08-25 2016-03-03 国立大学法人東京工業大学 Piping for pneumatic system and pneumatic actuator
US20170268502A1 (en) * 2016-03-16 2017-09-21 Semes Co., Ltd. Pump and apparatus for supplying liquid
CN109036366A (en) * 2018-09-20 2018-12-18 郑州静邦噪声振动控制工程技术有限公司 Array type silencer and its special-shaped muffling unit
US10342705B1 (en) * 2013-06-13 2019-07-09 Oceanit Laboratories, Inc. Noise reduction methods and apparatuses for breathing apparatuses and helmets
US11371404B2 (en) * 2019-08-13 2022-06-28 Herbert Anderson Engine muffler apparatus

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007055401B4 (en) * 2007-11-19 2010-04-15 Festo Ag & Co. Kg Exhaust air silencer for pneumatic equipment
DE102011018932B4 (en) 2011-04-28 2018-07-12 Multivac Sepp Haggenmüller Se & Co. Kg Silencer and packaging machine with such a silencing device
DE102012010690B4 (en) * 2012-05-30 2018-11-08 Faurecia Autositze Gmbh Automotive seat
DE102017210431A1 (en) 2016-08-19 2018-02-22 Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg Silencer for a compressed air system
CN107084113A (en) * 2017-06-02 2017-08-22 四川瑞晟石油设备开发有限公司 A kind of low frequency muffler

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US5418339A (en) * 1993-11-04 1995-05-23 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Pneumatic tool having noise reducing muffling structure
US5482249A (en) * 1994-06-21 1996-01-09 Fisher Controls International, Inc. Fluid control valve with attenuator and dynamic seal

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DE2922677C2 (en) * 1979-06-02 1982-12-09 Wabco Fahrzeugbremsen Gmbh, 3000 Hannover Silencer for valve devices in compressed air brake systems
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US2169359A (en) * 1938-12-05 1939-08-15 Barnes & Jones Inc Orifice device
US3058491A (en) * 1958-10-21 1962-10-16 Myhre Thore-Kristian Arrangement for pressure-controlled quantity regulation in air ventilation installations
US3319659A (en) * 1964-12-31 1967-05-16 Sperry Rand Corp Fluid pulse attenuator
US3677300A (en) * 1970-01-15 1972-07-18 Dunlop Holdings Ltd Pressure reducing devices
US3642031A (en) * 1970-01-22 1972-02-15 Haws Drinking Faucet Co Flow control device
US3783590A (en) * 1970-07-09 1974-01-08 A Allen Filter-silencer for pneumatic devices
US3672465A (en) * 1970-10-15 1972-06-27 Blatt Leland F Gas exhaust silencer
US3827834A (en) * 1972-02-19 1974-08-06 M Kakimoto Small diameter cylindrical air motor for driving grinders and the like
US3960239A (en) * 1973-08-15 1976-06-01 Barry Wright Corporation Noise-reducing fluid-flow devices
US4150696A (en) * 1974-03-04 1979-04-24 Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Wissenschaften E.V. Arrangement for suppressing vibrations caused by the flow of a flowable medium
US4258798A (en) * 1979-03-09 1981-03-31 Rockwell International Corporation Air passages for pneumatic tools
US5097866A (en) * 1990-07-30 1992-03-24 Carrier Corporation Refrigerant metering device
US5418339A (en) * 1993-11-04 1995-05-23 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Pneumatic tool having noise reducing muffling structure
US5482249A (en) * 1994-06-21 1996-01-09 Fisher Controls International, Inc. Fluid control valve with attenuator and dynamic seal

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060162994A1 (en) * 2005-01-25 2006-07-27 Blette Russell E Muffler for attenuating noise produced by a pneumatic device, having a conduit path for maximun noise reduction
US20080099277A1 (en) * 2006-10-30 2008-05-01 Basso Industry Corp. Muffler for pneumatic tools
US8191675B2 (en) * 2007-05-09 2012-06-05 Knorr-Bremse Systeme Fuer Nutzfahrzeuge Gmbh Silencer
US20100140015A1 (en) * 2007-05-09 2010-06-10 Stephan Weber Silencer
US20080308347A1 (en) * 2007-06-15 2008-12-18 Don Emler Vehicular exhaust system
US7552797B2 (en) 2007-06-15 2009-06-30 Don Emler Vehicular exhaust system
GB2464746A (en) * 2008-10-24 2010-04-28 Marine Systems Technology Ltd Noise reduction in ducted air systems
US20120118408A1 (en) * 2009-06-22 2012-05-17 Airbus Operations Gmbh Flow limiter and use of a flow limiter in an air distribution system of an air conditioning system of an aircraft
US9243735B2 (en) * 2009-06-22 2016-01-26 Airbus Operations Gmbh Flow limiter and use of a flow limiter in an air distribution system of an air conditioning system of an aircraft
US10342705B1 (en) * 2013-06-13 2019-07-09 Oceanit Laboratories, Inc. Noise reduction methods and apparatuses for breathing apparatuses and helmets
WO2016031711A1 (en) * 2014-08-25 2016-03-03 国立大学法人東京工業大学 Piping for pneumatic system and pneumatic actuator
US20170268502A1 (en) * 2016-03-16 2017-09-21 Semes Co., Ltd. Pump and apparatus for supplying liquid
CN109036366A (en) * 2018-09-20 2018-12-18 郑州静邦噪声振动控制工程技术有限公司 Array type silencer and its special-shaped muffling unit
US11371404B2 (en) * 2019-08-13 2022-06-28 Herbert Anderson Engine muffler apparatus

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Publication number Publication date
EP1515076A1 (en) 2005-03-16
DE20314134U1 (en) 2005-01-13

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