US20040133233A1 - Methods and devices for removing an obstruction from a blood vessel - Google Patents
Methods and devices for removing an obstruction from a blood vessel Download PDFInfo
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- US20040133233A1 US20040133233A1 US10/738,351 US73835103A US2004133233A1 US 20040133233 A1 US20040133233 A1 US 20040133233A1 US 73835103 A US73835103 A US 73835103A US 2004133233 A1 US2004133233 A1 US 2004133233A1
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- obstruction
- removal device
- elongate
- engaging element
- engaging
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0067—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by the distal end, e.g. tips
- A61M25/0082—Catheter tip comprising a tool
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
- A61B17/22031—Gripping instruments, e.g. forceps, for removing or smashing calculi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
- A61B17/221—Gripping devices in the form of loops or baskets for gripping calculi or similar types of obstructions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B18/1492—Probes or electrodes therefor having a flexible, catheter-like structure, e.g. for heart ablation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
- A61B17/22031—Gripping instruments, e.g. forceps, for removing or smashing calculi
- A61B2017/22034—Gripping instruments, e.g. forceps, for removing or smashing calculi for gripping the obstruction or the tissue part from inside
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
- A61B17/221—Gripping devices in the form of loops or baskets for gripping calculi or similar types of obstructions
- A61B2017/2212—Gripping devices in the form of loops or baskets for gripping calculi or similar types of obstructions having a closed distal end, e.g. a loop
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
- A61B17/221—Gripping devices in the form of loops or baskets for gripping calculi or similar types of obstructions
- A61B2017/2215—Gripping devices in the form of loops or baskets for gripping calculi or similar types of obstructions having an open distal end
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
- A61B17/221—Gripping devices in the form of loops or baskets for gripping calculi or similar types of obstructions
- A61B2017/2217—Gripping devices in the form of loops or baskets for gripping calculi or similar types of obstructions single wire changing shape to a gripping configuration
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00053—Mechanical features of the instrument of device
- A61B2018/00214—Expandable means emitting energy, e.g. by elements carried thereon
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00636—Sensing and controlling the application of energy
- A61B2018/00898—Alarms or notifications created in response to an abnormal condition
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/01—Filters implantable into blood vessels
- A61F2002/016—Filters implantable into blood vessels made from wire-like elements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/01—Filters implantable into blood vessels
- A61F2002/018—Filters implantable into blood vessels made from tubes or sheets of material, e.g. by etching or laser-cutting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2230/00—Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2230/0063—Three-dimensional shapes
- A61F2230/0091—Three-dimensional shapes helically-coiled or spirally-coiled, i.e. having a 2-D spiral cross-section
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0067—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by the distal end, e.g. tips
- A61M25/0068—Static characteristics of the catheter tip, e.g. shape, atraumatic tip, curved tip or tip structure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0067—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by the distal end, e.g. tips
- A61M25/0074—Dynamic characteristics of the catheter tip, e.g. openable, closable, expandable or deformable
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0067—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by the distal end, e.g. tips
- A61M25/008—Strength or flexibility characteristics of the catheter tip
Definitions
- the present invention is directed to methods and devices for removing obstructions from blood vessels.
- the device may be used to retrieve and remove clots and other biological obstructions.
- the device may also be used to retrieve embolic coils and the like which have been misplaced or have migrated to an undesirable location.
- the present invention is directed to additional devices and methods for removing obstructions in a blood vessel.
- an obstruction removal device which has an obstruction engaging element extending from an insertion element.
- the engaging element is movable from a collapse position to an expanded position.
- the engaging element forms coils having varying diameter wherein the coils at a distal portion are larger than coils at an intermediate portion.
- the distal portion forms a relatively closed structure which prevents the obstruction, or any part thereof, from migrating downstream.
- the distal portion is expanded distal to the obstruction while the proximal portion engages and holds the obstruction.
- another obstruction removal device which has at least one closed loop and preferably two closed loops.
- the closed loop provides an advantage when advanced through a catheter or sheath in that the closed loop produces opposing radial forces on the catheter or sheath through which the loop is advanced. In this manner, the obstruction removal device can be advanced more easily through the catheter or sheath to prevent binding or kinking of the device during advancement.
- the obstruction removal device has two loops of varying diameter with the distal loop having a larger diameter. Each of the loops lie in a plane with the planes of the two loops preferably being perpendicular to one another.
- another obstruction removal device which has wound sections formed by one or more filaments which are separated by sections substantially free of the filaments.
- the intermittent wound sections provide discrete portions where the obstruction can be engaged.
- the wound sections can slide on the core element to provide flexibility when advancing the obstruction removal device.
- the wound sections and sections free of filament are preferably about 1-5 mm long.
- the obstruction removal device preferably has at least three wound sections and more preferably at least five wound sections.
- another obstruction removal device which has alternating large and small diameter portions.
- the obstruction removal device has at least four large diameter sections and three smaller diameter portions.
- the alternating large and small diameter portions may help to engage certain types of obstructions and can also help to prevent parts of the obstruction from breaking off and migrating downstream.
- any of the obstruction removal devices described herein may also be used with a source of power coupled to the obstruction removal device for use as described below.
- the source of power may simply produce a positive or negative charge or may be an RF energy source.
- the source of power may be used to help the obstruction removal device penetrate and engage the obstruction and may also be used to adhere the obstruction to the obstruction removal device as will be described.
- a negative charge is provided when advancing the obstruction removal device into the obstruction and a positive charge, or RF energy, is supplied to adhere the device to the obstruction.
- the obstruction removal device has a core element surrounded by a sheath.
- a strand preferably about four strands, are positioned between the core element and the tube. The strand and the tube prevent any part of the obstruction removal device from breaking free should the core element fail. The strand and tube will hold the obstruction removal device together even if the core element breaks.
- the sheath is preferably flexible so that the sheath can undergo much larger deflections than the core element.
- the obstruction removal devices of the present invention may also be advanced through a guide catheter having a flow restricting element which is preferably a balloon but may be any other suitable structure.
- the flow restricting element is expanded to reduce blood flow through the obstructed vessel to minimize the likelihood that the obstruction will migrate downstream.
- FIG. 1 shows a system for removing an obstruction.
- FIG. 2 shows the obstruction removal device in a collapsed condition.
- FIG. 3 shows the obstruction removal device with a distal portion of the obstruction removal device expanded.
- FIG. 4 shows the obstruction removal device with a proximal portion expanded to engage an obstruction.
- FIG. 5 shows another obstruction removal device.
- FIG. 6 shows yet another obstruction removal device.
- FIG. 7 shows still another obstruction removal device.
- FIG. 8 is an end view of the obstruction removal device of FIG. 7.
- FIG. 9 is an exploded view showing a method of constructing an obstruction removal device.
- a guide catheter 4 is advanced to a location proximal to an obstruction.
- the guide catheter 4 is often positioned in the carotid or vertebral artery.
- the guide catheter 4 may not be necessary or may be positioned in any other suitable location depending upon the location of the obstruction.
- the guide catheter 4 preferably has a flow restricting element 6 which restricts or even stops blood flow through the vessel as described below.
- the flow restricting element 6 is preferably a balloon 5 coupled to a source of inflation fluid 7 which is used to inflate the balloon 5 .
- An obstruction removing device 8 is advanced through the guide catheter 4 to the obstruction.
- a microcatheter 10 may also be positioned within the guide catheter 4 to deliver the obstruction removing device 8 further into the vasculature.
- the obstruction removing device may be advanced by itself through the microcatheter 10 or may be contained within a sheath 12 which is advanced through the microcatheter 10 .
- a source power 14 may also be coupled to the obstruction removal device 8 for use in the manner explained below.
- the power source 14 may simply produce a positive or negative charge or may be an RF or other suitable power source.
- the obstruction removing device 8 has an engaging element 16 extending from an insertion element 18 .
- the engaging element 16 is movable from a collapsed position (FIG. 2) to an expanded position (FIGS. 3 and 4).
- the engaging element 16 is contained within the sheath 12 or microcatheter 10 , the engaging element 16 is in a relatively straight configuration.
- the engaging element 16 has a distal portion 20 , which forms a relatively closed structure, which can catch or trap the obstruction, or any part thereof, to prevent migration of the obstruction or part thereof.
- the engaging element 16 has a proximal portion 22 which is formed with smaller coils than the distal portion 20 . The proximal portion 22 engages the obstruction as described below.
- the engaging element 16 preferably has a number of markers 23 , 25 , 27 which provide an indication as to how much of the engaging element 16 extends from the sheath 12 or microcatheter 10 .
- markers 23 , 25 , 27 may indicate when the engaging element 16 is 1 ⁇ 2, 3 ⁇ 4 or fully exposed. In this manner, the user may quickly advance the engaging element engaging element 16 through the sheath 12 or microcatheter 10 without inadvertently exposing and advancing the engaging element 16 out of the sheath 12 or microcatheter.
- the markers 23 , 25 , 27 can also be used to provide a controlled diameter of the engaging element 16 since the diameter of the engaging element 16 is known for the various positions corresponding to the markers 23 , 25 , 27 .
- the markers 23 , 25 , 27 may also be used to size the vessel in which the engaging element 16 is positioned by observing when the engaging element 16 engages the vessel walls and determining the size of the engaging element 16 using the markers 23 , 25 , 27 .
- the insertion element 18 is preferably made of a superelastic material or stainless steel having a diameter of 0.004 to 0.038 inch and preferably about 0.010 inch. Although the insertion element 18 is preferably a solid, elongate element, the insertion element 18 may take any other suitable structure such as a hollow tube.
- the engaging element 16 is preferably made of a superelastic material, such as nitinol, and has a diameter of 0.005-0.018 inch, more preferably 0.005-0.010 inch and most preferably about 0.008 inch.
- the engaging element 16 has a rounded, atraumatic tip 24 to prevent damage to the vessel and facilitate advancement through the vessel, microcatheter 10 and/or sheath 12 .
- a radiopaque wire 26 such as platinum ribbon 28 having a width of 0.004 inch and a thickness of 0.002 inch, is preferably wrapped around the engaging element 16 to improve radiopacity.
- the device 8 is preferably self-expanding but may also be expanded with an actuator 29 .
- the actuator 29 is preferably a thin filament which is tensioned to move the device 8 to the expanded position.
- An advantage of the invention is that the filament 29 extends through the same lumen as the device 8 thereby minimizing the overall size of the device. It is understood that throughout discussion of the devices and methods herein that any of the devices may be expanded using the actuator 29 rather than being self-expanding without departing from the scope of various aspects of the invention.
- the device 8 may also include a cover 9 which extends between adjacent coils.
- the cover 9 may be a number of individual strands 11 which extend between the coils or may be an elastic membrane which covers the coils.
- the strands 11 are preferably elastic to stretch when the device 8 is expanded.
- the guide catheter 4 is introduced into the patient and delivered proximal to the target vessel such as to the carotid or vertebral artery.
- the microcatheter 10 is then advanced through the guide catheter 4 further into the vasculature to a position proximal to, within or distal to the obstruction.
- the obstruction removal device 8 is then advanced through the microcatheter 10 either by itself or pre-loaded within the sheath 12 .
- the obstruction removal device 8 is then advanced to the obstruction.
- the flow restricting element 6 on the guide catheter 4 is expanded to reduce and even stop flow through the vessel. Stopping flow in the vessel may help prevent the obstruction, or any parts thereof, from migrating downstream. Reducing flow through the vessel may also reduce the likelihood that the obstruction is disrupted by a combination of flow and the obstruction removal device 8 .
- the obstruction removal device 8 is then placed into the obstruction and preferably through the obstruction.
- the engaging element 16 is then advanced out of the microcatheter 10 or sheath 12 to permit the distal portion 20 of the engaging element 16 to expand at a location beyond the obstruction. In this manner, the relatively closed distal portion 20 prevents the obstruction, or any part thereof, from migrating downstream.
- the proximal portion 22 is then advanced out of the sheath 12 or microcatheter 10 so that the smaller coils of the proximal portion 22 engage the obstruction as shown in FIG. 4.
- FIG. 5 another obstruction removal device 8 A is shown wherein the same or similar reference numbers refer to the same or similar structure.
- the obstruction removal device 8 A has a first section 30 with larger diameter coils than a second section 32 .
- a third section 34 also has larger coils than the second section 32 with the second section 32 positioned between the first and third sections 30 , 34 .
- the obstruction removal device 8 A may have a number of alternating small and large sections 30 , 32 , 34 which can enhance the ability of the obstruction removal device 8 A to engage various obstructions.
- the obstruction removal device 8 A has four large sections 32 , 34 with relatively large coils and three sections 30 having smaller coils.
- the obstruction removal device 8 A may be used in any suitable manner to engage the obstruction.
- the microcatheter 10 or sheath 12 may be advanced through the obstruction and then retracted to expose the obstruction removal device 8 A.
- the obstruction removal device 8 A is then retracted into the obstruction to engage the obstruction.
- the obstruction removal device 8 A may be rotated when moved into the obstruction to take advantage of the generally helical shape of the obstruction removal device.
- the obstruction removal device 8 A may also be used to engage the obstruction by simply retracting the microcatheter 10 or sheath 12 with the obstruction removal device 8 A expanding within the obstruction.
- the engaging element 16 A may be exposed and expanded proximal to the obstruction and then advanced into the obstruction.
- the user may also twist the obstruction removal device 8 A to take advantage of the generally helical shape.
- the alternating large and small sections 30 , 32 , 34 enhance the ability of the engaging element 16 A to engage varying shapes and sizes of obstructions.
- FIG. 6 still another obstruction removal device 8 B is shown wherein the same or similar reference numbers refer to the same or similar structure.
- the obstruction removal device 8 B has the insertion element 18 with an engaging element 16 B extending therefrom.
- the engaging element 16 B forms a helical coil 38 with a generally frustoconical shape, however, the engaging element 16 B may take any other shape without departing from the scope of the invention including any shape disclosed in this application or any patent incorporated by reference herein.
- a filament 40 preferably a radiopaque filament, is wrapped around the engaging element 16 B.
- the filament 40 is wrapped somewhat loosely around the engaging element 16 B so that the filament 40 provides additional surface area to engage the obstruction.
- the filament 40 forms a wound section 42 , and more preferably at least five wound sections 42 , which are separated by substantially exposed sections 44 of the engaging element 16 B.
- the wound and exposed sections 42 , 44 may be 1-5 mm long. Stated another way, the wound and exposed sections 42 , 44 are at least 1 mm, more preferably at least 3 mm long, and no more than 8 mm long.
- the wound sections 42 may be formed by a single filament 40 which extends continuously between the wound sections 42 or may be formed by independent filaments 40 at each wound section 42 which are attached to the engaging element 16 B.
- the wound sections 40 may be movable along the engaging element 16 B to provide flexibility when advancing the obstruction removal device 8 B through small and tortuous vessels.
- the movable wound sections 40 may also allow different parts of the obstruction removal device 8 B to grip different parts of the obstruction to hold the obstruction together or engage different parts of the obstruction.
- the obstruction removal device 8 B is used in substantially the same manner as the other obstruction removal devices described herein.
- the obstruction removal device 8 B has a handle 41 with a lead screw 43 which engages threads 55 . The handle 41 is rotated to advance and retract the engaging element 16 B.
- the obstruction removal device 8 C has an engaging element 16 C, which forms a first closed loop 50 , and a second closed loop 52 .
- the first loop 50 is preferably somewhat larger than the second closed loop 52 with the first loop 50 having a diameter of about 1.5-8.0 mm and the second loop 52 having a diameter of about 1.5-6.0 mm.
- a tip 54 extends from the first loop 50 for a distance of about 5 mm.
- a radiopaque element 56 such as platinum ribbon, is preferably wrapped around the loops 50 , 52 to improve radiopacity and to enhance the ability of the engaging element 16 C to hold the obstruction.
- the radiopaque element 56 also may provide advantages when engaging an obstruction in a manner similar to the obstruction removal devices described above with reference to FIG. 6.
- An advantage of the obstruction removal device 8 C is that the loops 50 , 52 exert substantially equal and opposing forces on the sheath 12 or microcatheter 10 through which the obstruction removal device 8 C is advanced. In this manner, kinking or binding of the obstruction removal device 8 C during advancement can be minimized or reduced altogether.
- the first and second loops 50 , 52 preferably lie in first and second planes 58 , 60 , respectively, which are preferably perpendicular to one another.
- FIG. 9 an exploded view of a construction of the obstruction removal device 8 , 8 A, 8 B, 8 C is shown.
- a tube 62 which is preferably a thermoplastic polymer such as polyester or urethane is positioned over a core element 64 .
- the core element 64 is preferably a superelastic or stainless steel element at either the insertion element 18 or the engaging element 16 (FIGS. 2 - 7 ).
- a reinforcing strand 66 is trapped between the tube 62 and the core element 64 to reinforce the obstruction removal device.
- the strand 66 is preferably small and has a diameter or thickness of less than 0.005 inch, more preferably less than 0.0001 inch, so that the overall size of the obstruction removal device is not increased significantly with use of the strand 66 .
- the strand 66 may be made of any suitable material including VECTRAN made by Celanese Acetate LLP or DACRON or KEVLAR which are both manufactured by Dupont.
- VECTRAN is a thermoplastic multifilament yarn spun from a liquid crystal polymer.
- the strand 66 provides a degree of safety in that the strand 66 and tube 62 together prevent any part of the obstruction removal device from breaking free from the rest of the device.
- the tube 62 will resist breaking since it is more flexible than the core element 64 and can undergo larger deflections and displacements without breaking.
- 2-8 strands 66 preferably about 4 strands 66 , are used.
- the overall size of the device is also relatively small with the outer diameter of the resulting structure being no more than 0.020 inch and more preferably no more than 0.012 inch.
- the power source 14 may be also be used with any of the obstruction removal devices in the following manner, however, the methods and devices of the present invention may, of course, be practiced without the power source 14 .
- the power source 14 may simply produce a charge at the engaging element 16 or may be a source of RF energy.
- the power source 14 produces a negative charge while advancing the engaging element 16 through the obstruction. The negative charge may aid in passing the engaging element 16 through the obstruction and may help to dissolve part of the obstruction.
- the power supply is then changed to produce a positive charge to adhere the obstruction to the engaging element 16 .
- the power source 14 may be an RF energy source, which delivers RF to the engaging element 16 which also adheres the obstruction to the engaging element 16 and may help provide a controlled penetration into the obstruction.
- the obstruction is then removed by moving the obstruction into the guide catheter 4 , which is then withdrawn to remove the obstruction.
- Use of the power source 14 is particularly useful when the obstruction is a biologic structure such as a clot.
- the power source 14 is independent of the using the intermittent wound sections 42 but may be used with any of the devices and methods described herein.
- the invention does not include a single essential feature, aspect or advantage and the invention should not be limited as such.
- the preferred dimensions, materials and methods of manufacture described for any of the embodiments is equally applicable for other embodiments.
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Abstract
The devices and methods of the invention are directed to various aspects of removing obstructions in a blood vessel. A power source may be provided to facilitate advancement of the device and engagement with the obstruction. The obstruction removal device may have alternating large and small sections or may have one or more loops. In another aspect, the obstruction removal device may have alternating sections wound with filament and substantially exposed sections.
Description
- The present invention is directed to methods and devices for removing obstructions from blood vessels. The device may be used to retrieve and remove clots and other biological obstructions. The device may also be used to retrieve embolic coils and the like which have been misplaced or have migrated to an undesirable location.
- One such obstruction removal device is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,895,398 which is hereby incorporated by reference. The device has an expandable engaging member which is introduced into the blood vessel to engage the obstruction for removal.
- The present invention is directed to additional devices and methods for removing obstructions in a blood vessel.
- In accordance with the present invention, device and methods for removing obstructions are provided. In a first aspect of the invention, an obstruction removal device is provided which has an obstruction engaging element extending from an insertion element. The engaging element is movable from a collapse position to an expanded position. The engaging element forms coils having varying diameter wherein the coils at a distal portion are larger than coils at an intermediate portion. The distal portion forms a relatively closed structure which prevents the obstruction, or any part thereof, from migrating downstream. The distal portion is expanded distal to the obstruction while the proximal portion engages and holds the obstruction.
- In another aspect of the present invention, another obstruction removal device is provided which has at least one closed loop and preferably two closed loops. The closed loop provides an advantage when advanced through a catheter or sheath in that the closed loop produces opposing radial forces on the catheter or sheath through which the loop is advanced. In this manner, the obstruction removal device can be advanced more easily through the catheter or sheath to prevent binding or kinking of the device during advancement. In a preferred embodiment, the obstruction removal device has two loops of varying diameter with the distal loop having a larger diameter. Each of the loops lie in a plane with the planes of the two loops preferably being perpendicular to one another.
- In another aspect of the invention, another obstruction removal device is provided which has wound sections formed by one or more filaments which are separated by sections substantially free of the filaments. The intermittent wound sections provide discrete portions where the obstruction can be engaged. In an embodiment, the wound sections can slide on the core element to provide flexibility when advancing the obstruction removal device. The wound sections and sections free of filament are preferably about 1-5 mm long. The obstruction removal device preferably has at least three wound sections and more preferably at least five wound sections.
- In still another aspect of the invention, another obstruction removal device is provided which has alternating large and small diameter portions. In a preferred embodiment, the obstruction removal device has at least four large diameter sections and three smaller diameter portions. The alternating large and small diameter portions may help to engage certain types of obstructions and can also help to prevent parts of the obstruction from breaking off and migrating downstream.
- Any of the obstruction removal devices described herein may also be used with a source of power coupled to the obstruction removal device for use as described below. The source of power may simply produce a positive or negative charge or may be an RF energy source. The source of power may be used to help the obstruction removal device penetrate and engage the obstruction and may also be used to adhere the obstruction to the obstruction removal device as will be described. In a preferred embodiment, a negative charge is provided when advancing the obstruction removal device into the obstruction and a positive charge, or RF energy, is supplied to adhere the device to the obstruction.
- The devices of the present invention may be manufactured in any suitable manner. In another aspect of the present invention, the obstruction removal device has a core element surrounded by a sheath. A strand, preferably about four strands, are positioned between the core element and the tube. The strand and the tube prevent any part of the obstruction removal device from breaking free should the core element fail. The strand and tube will hold the obstruction removal device together even if the core element breaks. The sheath is preferably flexible so that the sheath can undergo much larger deflections than the core element.
- The obstruction removal devices of the present invention may also be advanced through a guide catheter having a flow restricting element which is preferably a balloon but may be any other suitable structure. The flow restricting element is expanded to reduce blood flow through the obstructed vessel to minimize the likelihood that the obstruction will migrate downstream.
- These and other advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description, drawings and claims.
- FIG. 1 shows a system for removing an obstruction.
- FIG. 2 shows the obstruction removal device in a collapsed condition.
- FIG. 3 shows the obstruction removal device with a distal portion of the obstruction removal device expanded.
- FIG. 4 shows the obstruction removal device with a proximal portion expanded to engage an obstruction.
- FIG. 5 shows another obstruction removal device.
- FIG. 6 shows yet another obstruction removal device.
- FIG. 7 shows still another obstruction removal device.
- FIG. 8 is an end view of the obstruction removal device of FIG. 7.
- FIG. 9 is an exploded view showing a method of constructing an obstruction removal device.
- Referring now to FIGS.1-4, a
system 2 for removing an obstruction is shown. Aguide catheter 4 is advanced to a location proximal to an obstruction. When accessing the cerebral vasculature, for example, theguide catheter 4 is often positioned in the carotid or vertebral artery. Of course, theguide catheter 4 may not be necessary or may be positioned in any other suitable location depending upon the location of the obstruction. Theguide catheter 4 preferably has aflow restricting element 6 which restricts or even stops blood flow through the vessel as described below. Theflow restricting element 6 is preferably aballoon 5 coupled to a source ofinflation fluid 7 which is used to inflate theballoon 5. - An
obstruction removing device 8 is advanced through theguide catheter 4 to the obstruction. Amicrocatheter 10 may also be positioned within theguide catheter 4 to deliver theobstruction removing device 8 further into the vasculature. The obstruction removing device may be advanced by itself through themicrocatheter 10 or may be contained within asheath 12 which is advanced through themicrocatheter 10. Asource power 14 may also be coupled to theobstruction removal device 8 for use in the manner explained below. Thepower source 14 may simply produce a positive or negative charge or may be an RF or other suitable power source. - The
obstruction removing device 8 has anengaging element 16 extending from aninsertion element 18. Theengaging element 16 is movable from a collapsed position (FIG. 2) to an expanded position (FIGS. 3 and 4). When the engagingelement 16 is contained within thesheath 12 ormicrocatheter 10, the engagingelement 16 is in a relatively straight configuration. The engagingelement 16 has adistal portion 20, which forms a relatively closed structure, which can catch or trap the obstruction, or any part thereof, to prevent migration of the obstruction or part thereof. The engagingelement 16 has aproximal portion 22 which is formed with smaller coils than thedistal portion 20. Theproximal portion 22 engages the obstruction as described below. - The engaging
element 16 preferably has a number ofmarkers element 16 extends from thesheath 12 ormicrocatheter 10. For example,markers element 16 is ½, ¾ or fully exposed. In this manner, the user may quickly advance the engagingelement engaging element 16 through thesheath 12 ormicrocatheter 10 without inadvertently exposing and advancing the engagingelement 16 out of thesheath 12 or microcatheter. Themarkers element 16 since the diameter of the engagingelement 16 is known for the various positions corresponding to themarkers markers element 16 is positioned by observing when the engagingelement 16 engages the vessel walls and determining the size of the engagingelement 16 using themarkers - The
insertion element 18 is preferably made of a superelastic material or stainless steel having a diameter of 0.004 to 0.038 inch and preferably about 0.010 inch. Although theinsertion element 18 is preferably a solid, elongate element, theinsertion element 18 may take any other suitable structure such as a hollow tube. The engagingelement 16 is preferably made of a superelastic material, such as nitinol, and has a diameter of 0.005-0.018 inch, more preferably 0.005-0.010 inch and most preferably about 0.008 inch. The engagingelement 16 has a rounded,atraumatic tip 24 to prevent damage to the vessel and facilitate advancement through the vessel,microcatheter 10 and/orsheath 12. Aradiopaque wire 26, such asplatinum ribbon 28 having a width of 0.004 inch and a thickness of 0.002 inch, is preferably wrapped around the engagingelement 16 to improve radiopacity. - The
device 8 is preferably self-expanding but may also be expanded with an actuator 29. The actuator 29 is preferably a thin filament which is tensioned to move thedevice 8 to the expanded position. An advantage of the invention is that the filament 29 extends through the same lumen as thedevice 8 thereby minimizing the overall size of the device. It is understood that throughout discussion of the devices and methods herein that any of the devices may be expanded using the actuator 29 rather than being self-expanding without departing from the scope of various aspects of the invention. - The
device 8 may also include acover 9 which extends between adjacent coils. Thecover 9 may be a number of individual strands 11 which extend between the coils or may be an elastic membrane which covers the coils. The strands 11 are preferably elastic to stretch when thedevice 8 is expanded. - Use of the
obstruction removing device 8 is now described. Theguide catheter 4 is introduced into the patient and delivered proximal to the target vessel such as to the carotid or vertebral artery. Themicrocatheter 10 is then advanced through theguide catheter 4 further into the vasculature to a position proximal to, within or distal to the obstruction. Theobstruction removal device 8 is then advanced through themicrocatheter 10 either by itself or pre-loaded within thesheath 12. Theobstruction removal device 8 is then advanced to the obstruction. Before advancing theobstruction removal device 8 further, theflow restricting element 6 on theguide catheter 4 is expanded to reduce and even stop flow through the vessel. Stopping flow in the vessel may help prevent the obstruction, or any parts thereof, from migrating downstream. Reducing flow through the vessel may also reduce the likelihood that the obstruction is disrupted by a combination of flow and theobstruction removal device 8. - The
obstruction removal device 8 is then placed into the obstruction and preferably through the obstruction. The engagingelement 16 is then advanced out of themicrocatheter 10 orsheath 12 to permit thedistal portion 20 of the engagingelement 16 to expand at a location beyond the obstruction. In this manner, the relatively closeddistal portion 20 prevents the obstruction, or any part thereof, from migrating downstream. Theproximal portion 22 is then advanced out of thesheath 12 ormicrocatheter 10 so that the smaller coils of theproximal portion 22 engage the obstruction as shown in FIG. 4. - Referring to FIG. 5, another
obstruction removal device 8A is shown wherein the same or similar reference numbers refer to the same or similar structure. Theobstruction removal device 8A has afirst section 30 with larger diameter coils than asecond section 32. Athird section 34 also has larger coils than thesecond section 32 with thesecond section 32 positioned between the first andthird sections obstruction removal device 8A may have a number of alternating small andlarge sections obstruction removal device 8A to engage various obstructions. In the preferred embodiment of FIG. 5, theobstruction removal device 8A has fourlarge sections sections 30 having smaller coils. - The
obstruction removal device 8A may be used in any suitable manner to engage the obstruction. For example, themicrocatheter 10 orsheath 12 may be advanced through the obstruction and then retracted to expose theobstruction removal device 8A. Theobstruction removal device 8A is then retracted into the obstruction to engage the obstruction. Theobstruction removal device 8A may be rotated when moved into the obstruction to take advantage of the generally helical shape of the obstruction removal device. Theobstruction removal device 8A may also be used to engage the obstruction by simply retracting themicrocatheter 10 orsheath 12 with theobstruction removal device 8A expanding within the obstruction. Finally, the engagingelement 16A may be exposed and expanded proximal to the obstruction and then advanced into the obstruction. When advancing theobstruction removal device 8A into the obstruction, the user may also twist theobstruction removal device 8A to take advantage of the generally helical shape. The alternating large andsmall sections engaging element 16A to engage varying shapes and sizes of obstructions. - Referring to FIG. 6, still another obstruction removal device8B is shown wherein the same or similar reference numbers refer to the same or similar structure. The obstruction removal device 8B has the
insertion element 18 with anengaging element 16B extending therefrom. Theengaging element 16B forms ahelical coil 38 with a generally frustoconical shape, however, the engagingelement 16B may take any other shape without departing from the scope of the invention including any shape disclosed in this application or any patent incorporated by reference herein. - A
filament 40, preferably a radiopaque filament, is wrapped around the engagingelement 16B. Thefilament 40 is wrapped somewhat loosely around the engagingelement 16B so that thefilament 40 provides additional surface area to engage the obstruction. Thefilament 40 forms awound section 42, and more preferably at least fivewound sections 42, which are separated by substantially exposedsections 44 of theengaging element 16B. The wound and exposedsections sections wound sections 42 may be formed by asingle filament 40 which extends continuously between thewound sections 42 or may be formed byindependent filaments 40 at eachwound section 42 which are attached to theengaging element 16B. - The
wound sections 40 may be movable along the engagingelement 16B to provide flexibility when advancing the obstruction removal device 8B through small and tortuous vessels. Themovable wound sections 40 may also allow different parts of the obstruction removal device 8B to grip different parts of the obstruction to hold the obstruction together or engage different parts of the obstruction. The obstruction removal device 8B is used in substantially the same manner as the other obstruction removal devices described herein. The obstruction removal device 8B has ahandle 41 with alead screw 43 which engages threads 55. Thehandle 41 is rotated to advance and retract theengaging element 16B. - Referring to FIG. 7, still another
obstruction removal device 8C is shown wherein the same or similar reference numbers refer to the same or similar structure. Theobstruction removal device 8C has anengaging element 16C, which forms a firstclosed loop 50, and a secondclosed loop 52. Thefirst loop 50 is preferably somewhat larger than the secondclosed loop 52 with thefirst loop 50 having a diameter of about 1.5-8.0 mm and thesecond loop 52 having a diameter of about 1.5-6.0 mm. Atip 54 extends from thefirst loop 50 for a distance of about 5 mm. Aradiopaque element 56, such as platinum ribbon, is preferably wrapped around theloops engaging element 16C to hold the obstruction. Theradiopaque element 56 also may provide advantages when engaging an obstruction in a manner similar to the obstruction removal devices described above with reference to FIG. 6. - An advantage of the
obstruction removal device 8C is that theloops sheath 12 ormicrocatheter 10 through which theobstruction removal device 8C is advanced. In this manner, kinking or binding of theobstruction removal device 8C during advancement can be minimized or reduced altogether. Referring to the end view of FIG. 8, the first andsecond loops second planes - Referring to FIG. 9, an exploded view of a construction of the
obstruction removal device tube 62, which is preferably a thermoplastic polymer such as polyester or urethane is positioned over acore element 64. As mentioned above, thecore element 64 is preferably a superelastic or stainless steel element at either theinsertion element 18 or the engaging element 16 (FIGS. 2-7). A reinforcing strand 66 is trapped between thetube 62 and thecore element 64 to reinforce the obstruction removal device. The strand 66 is preferably small and has a diameter or thickness of less than 0.005 inch, more preferably less than 0.0001 inch, so that the overall size of the obstruction removal device is not increased significantly with use of the strand 66. The strand 66 may be made of any suitable material including VECTRAN made by Celanese Acetate LLP or DACRON or KEVLAR which are both manufactured by Dupont. VECTRAN is a thermoplastic multifilament yarn spun from a liquid crystal polymer. - The strand66 provides a degree of safety in that the strand 66 and
tube 62 together prevent any part of the obstruction removal device from breaking free from the rest of the device. Thetube 62 will resist breaking since it is more flexible than thecore element 64 and can undergo larger deflections and displacements without breaking. In a preferred embodiment, 2-8 strands 66, preferably about 4 strands 66, are used. The overall size of the device is also relatively small with the outer diameter of the resulting structure being no more than 0.020 inch and more preferably no more than 0.012 inch. - The
power source 14 may be also be used with any of the obstruction removal devices in the following manner, however, the methods and devices of the present invention may, of course, be practiced without thepower source 14. As mentioned above, thepower source 14 may simply produce a charge at the engagingelement 16 or may be a source of RF energy. In one particular method of the present invention, thepower source 14 produces a negative charge while advancing the engagingelement 16 through the obstruction. The negative charge may aid in passing the engagingelement 16 through the obstruction and may help to dissolve part of the obstruction. The power supply is then changed to produce a positive charge to adhere the obstruction to the engagingelement 16. Alternatively, thepower source 14 may be an RF energy source, which delivers RF to the engagingelement 16 which also adheres the obstruction to the engagingelement 16 and may help provide a controlled penetration into the obstruction. The obstruction is then removed by moving the obstruction into theguide catheter 4, which is then withdrawn to remove the obstruction. Use of thepower source 14 is particularly useful when the obstruction is a biologic structure such as a clot. - While the above is a description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, various alternatives, substitutions and modifications may be made without departing from the scope thereof, which is defined by the following claims. Thus, the preferred embodiments should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. For example, although all of the obstruction removal devices described herein are self-expanding structures, the obstruction removal devices may also have actuating mechanisms for moving the engaging element between the expanded and collapsed positions. Furthermore, the present invention is directed to a number of separate inventions and each of these inventions may be claimed independently of one another. Each feature, aspect and advantage of the invention may be claimed independent of one another without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, use of the
power source 14 is independent of the using theintermittent wound sections 42 but may be used with any of the devices and methods described herein. Thus, the invention does not include a single essential feature, aspect or advantage and the invention should not be limited as such. Finally, the preferred dimensions, materials and methods of manufacture described for any of the embodiments is equally applicable for other embodiments.
Claims (38)
1. A method of removing an obstruction, comprising the steps of:
providing an obstruction removing device, the obstruction removing device having an element movable from a collapsed position to an expanded position, the element being contained within a lumen in a delivery device in the collapsed position;
advancing the delivery device through the patient's vascular system to an obstruction in a vessel;
expanding at least part of the engaging element toward the expanded position;
coupling the engaging element to a supply of power;
moving the engaging element into contact with the obstruction; and
supplying power to the element when the engaging element is in contact with the obstruction.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the coupling step is carried out with the supply of power producing an electrical charge at the engaging element.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein:
the coupling step is carried out with the supply of power producing a negative charge during the moving step.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein:
the coupling step is carried out with the supply of power producing a positive charge during the supplying step.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the coupling step is carried out with the supply of power being an RF generator.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the providing step is carried out with the engaging element being naturally biased toward the expanded position.
7. A method of constructing an obstruction removing device, comprising the steps of:
providing an elongate element;
positioning at least one strand against the elongate element; and
positioning a tube over the fiber to trap the fiber.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein:
the positioning step is carried out with the fiber has a diameter of less than 0.001 inch.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein:
the positioning step is carried out with the fiber being a thermoplastic multifilament yarn spun from a liquid crystal polymer.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein:
the positioning step is carried out with the elongate element being made of superelastic material.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein:
the positioning step is carried out with the elongate element being naturally biased toward an expanded position.
12. The method of claim 7 , wherein:
the positioning step is carried out with the elongate element being biased toward an expanded position.
13. The method of claim 7 , wherein:
the providing step is carried out with the diameter of the elongate element being 0.005-0.018 inch.
14. An obstruction removal device, comprising:
an insertion element having an expandable element extending from the insertion element;
at least one strand extending along at least the expandable element; and
a tube of material which traps the at least one strand.
15. The device of claim 14 , wherein:
the strand has a diameter of less than 0.005 inch.
16. The device of claim 15 , wherein:
the strand is a thermoplastic multifilament yarn spun from a liquid crystal polymer.
17. The device of claim 14 , wherein:
the elongate element being made of superelastic material.
18. The device of claim 14 , wherein:
the elongate element having a diameter of 0.005-0.018 inch.
19. The device of claim 14 , wherein:
the elongate element being biased toward an expanded position.
20. The device of claim 14 , wherein:
the elongate element has an diameter of 0.005-0.010 inch.
21. A kit for removing an obstruction in a blood vessel, comprising:
an obstruction removing device having an elongate insertion element and an expandable obstruction engaging element extending from the elongate insertion element; and
a catheter having an expandable balloon mounted thereto, the catheter having at least one lumen sized to receive the obstruction removal device.
22. The kit of claim 21 , further comprising:
a delivery catheter which extends through the lumen of the catheter, the delivery catheter having a lumen in which the obstruction removing device is positioned.
23. The kit of claim 21 , wherein:
the obstruction engaging element is in a straightened configuration when collapsed.
24. A method of removing an obstruction in a blood vessel, comprising the steps of:
providing an obstruction removal device and a guide catheter, the obstruction removing device having an elongate insertion element and an expandable obstruction engaging element extending from the elongate insertion element, the guide catheter having a flow restricting element mounted thereto, the delivery catheter having at least one lumen sized to receive the obstruction removal device;
advancing the obstruction removal device through the guide catheter to an obstruction in a blood vessel;
expanding the flow restricting element to at least reduce blood flow in the blood vessel;
engaging the obstruction with the obstruction removal device while the flow restricting element is expanded; and
removing the obstruction.
25. An obstruction removal device, comprising:
an elongate element extending from an insertion element, the elongate element being movable from a collapse position to an expanded position, the elongate element forming helical coils having varying diameter, wherein the coils at a distal portion are larger than the coils at an intermediate portion.
26. The device of claim 25 , wherein:
the elongate element has a proximal portion which has coils which are larger than the coils at the intermediate portion.
27. A method of removing an obstruction from a patient, comprising the steps of:
providing an obstruction removal device, the obstruction removal device having an engaging element extending from an insertion element, the engaging element being movable from a collapsed condition to an expanded condition, the engaging element having a proximal portion and a distal portion;
passing the obstruction removal device through an obstruction in a vessel with the engaging element in the collapsed position;
expanding the distal portion at a location distal to the obstruction so that the distal portion forms a trap to prevent the obstruction from traveling downstream; and
engaging the obstruction with the proximal portion of the obstruction removal device after the expanding step.
28. An obstruction removal device, comprising:
an elongate insertion element; and
an obstruction engaging element extending from the insertion element, the obstruction removing element being movable from a collapsed position to an expanded position, the obstruction removing device forming at least one closed loop in the expanded position, the closed loop exerting substantially equal and opposing radial forces when collapsed.
29. The device of claim 28 , wherein:
the obstruction engaging element forms at least two loops in the expanded position, a first loop lying in a first plane when expanded and a second loop lying in a second plane when expanded.
30. The device of claim 29 , wherein:
the first plane is substantially perpendicular to the first plane.
31. The device of claim 29 , wherein:
the first loop is larger than the second loop, the first loop being positioned distal to the second loop.
32. The device of claim 28 , wherein:
the engaging element is formed by a core element and a filament wrapped around the core element.
33. An obstruction removal device, comprising:
an elongate insertion element; and
an obstruction engaging element movable from a collapsed position to an expanded condition, the engaging element having at least two wound sections having a filament wound around a core element, the wound sections being separated by a section substantially free of the filament.
34. The device of claim 33 , wherein:
the section which is substantially free of the filament is at least 1 mm long.
35. The device of claim 33 , wherein:
the section which is substantially free of the filament is at least 3 mm long.
36. The device of claim 33 , wherein:
the section which is substantially free of the filament is no more than 6 mm long.
37. An obstruction removing device, comprising:
an elongate insertion element; and
an obstruction engaging element movable from a collapsed position to an expanded condition, the engaging element having a first section, a second section, and a third section, the second section being positioned between the first and third sections, the second section forming coils having a smaller diameter than coils formed by the first and third sections.
38. The device of claim 37 , wherein:
the obstruction engaging element has a fourth section and a fifth section, the fourth section being positioned between the third and fifth sections, the fourth section forming coils having a smaller diameter than coils formed by the third and fifth sections.
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US10/738,351 US20040133233A1 (en) | 2000-06-29 | 2003-12-16 | Methods and devices for removing an obstruction from a blood vessel |
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US10/738,351 US20040133233A1 (en) | 2000-06-29 | 2003-12-16 | Methods and devices for removing an obstruction from a blood vessel |
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US10/738,351 Abandoned US20040133233A1 (en) | 2000-06-29 | 2003-12-16 | Methods and devices for removing an obstruction from a blood vessel |
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US10/621,832 Abandoned US20040098025A1 (en) | 2000-06-29 | 2003-07-16 | Systems, methods and devices for removing obstructions from a blood vessel |
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US20040098025A1 (en) | 2004-05-20 |
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