US20030187520A1 - Method and apparatus for circuit breaker node software architecture - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for circuit breaker node software architecture Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20030187520A1 US20030187520A1 US10/373,677 US37367703A US2003187520A1 US 20030187520 A1 US20030187520 A1 US 20030187520A1 US 37367703 A US37367703 A US 37367703A US 2003187520 A1 US2003187520 A1 US 2003187520A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- processor
- electronics unit
- accordance
- node electronics
- node
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/261—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations
- H02H7/262—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations involving transmissions of switching or blocking orders
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/04—Generating or distributing clock signals or signals derived directly therefrom
- G06F1/12—Synchronisation of different clock signals provided by a plurality of clock generators
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/05—Digital input using the sampling of an analogue quantity at regular intervals of time, input from a/d converter or output to d/a converter
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
- H01H83/20—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/006—Calibration or setting of parameters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/261—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/261—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations
- H02H7/263—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations involving transmissions of measured values
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/30—Staggered disconnection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00001—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by the display of information or by user interaction, e.g. supervisory control and data acquisition systems [SCADA] or graphical user interfaces [GUI]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
- H02J13/00007—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
- H02J13/00007—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission
- H02J13/00009—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission using pulsed signals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
- H02J13/00012—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using an auxiliary transmission line
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
- H02J13/00016—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
- H02J13/00028—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment involving the use of Internet protocols
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
- H02J13/00034—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving an electric power substation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
- H02J13/00036—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
- H02J13/00036—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers
- H02J13/0004—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers involved in a protection system
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/001—Methods to deal with contingencies, e.g. abnormalities, faults or failures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/007—Arrangements for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
- H04J3/02—Details
- H04J3/06—Synchronising arrangements
- H04J3/0635—Clock or time synchronisation in a network
- H04J3/0638—Clock or time synchronisation among nodes; Internode synchronisation
- H04J3/0658—Clock or time synchronisation among packet nodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
- H04L1/0002—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
- H04L1/0015—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the adaptation strategy
- H04L1/0017—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the adaptation strategy where the mode-switching is based on Quality of Service requirement
- H04L1/0018—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the adaptation strategy where the mode-switching is based on Quality of Service requirement based on latency requirement
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H2300/00—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to electric switches, relays, selectors or emergency protective devices covered by H01H
- H01H2300/03—Application domotique, e.g. for house automation, bus connected switches, sensors, loads or intelligent wiring
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
- H02H1/0061—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning transmission of signals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/02—Details
- H02H3/05—Details with means for increasing reliability, e.g. redundancy arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
- H02J13/00016—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus
- H02J13/00018—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus using phone lines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/50—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
- H02J2310/56—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads characterised by the condition upon which the selective controlling is based
- H02J2310/62—The condition being non-electrical, e.g. temperature
- H02J2310/64—The condition being economic, e.g. tariff based load management
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
- H04J3/02—Details
- H04J3/06—Synchronising arrangements
- H04J3/0635—Clock or time synchronisation in a network
- H04J3/0638—Clock or time synchronisation among nodes; Internode synchronisation
- H04J3/0658—Clock or time synchronisation among packet nodes
- H04J3/0661—Clock or time synchronisation among packet nodes using timestamps
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/02—Standardisation; Integration
- H04L41/0246—Exchanging or transporting network management information using the Internet; Embedding network management web servers in network elements; Web-services-based protocols
- H04L41/0253—Exchanging or transporting network management information using the Internet; Embedding network management web servers in network elements; Web-services-based protocols using browsers or web-pages for accessing management information
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
- H04L43/06—Generation of reports
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
- H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
- H04L43/0805—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability
- H04L43/0817—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability by checking functioning
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
- Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/20—Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/50—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wire-line communication networks, e.g. low power modes or reduced link rate
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
- Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/40—Display of information, e.g. of data or controls
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/14—Protecting elements, switches, relays or circuit breakers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
- Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
- Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
- Y04S40/121—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
- Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
- Y04S40/124—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using wired telecommunication networks or data transmission busses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S50/00—Market activities related to the operation of systems integrating technologies related to power network operation or related to communication or information technologies
- Y04S50/10—Energy trading, including energy flowing from end-user application to grid
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to electrical switchgear and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for operating a centrally controlled power distribution system circuit breaker node electronics unit.
- power generated by a power generation company may be supplied to an industrial or commercial facility wherein the power may be distributed throughout the industrial or commercial facility to various equipment such as, for example, motors, welding machinery, computers, heaters, lighting, and other electrical equipment.
- At least some known power distribution systems include switchgear which facilitates dividing the power into branch circuits which supply power to various portions of the industrial facility. Circuit breakers are provided in each branch circuit to facilitate protecting equipment within the branch circuit. Additionally, circuit breakers in each branch circuit can facilitate minimizing equipment failures since specific loads may be energized or de-energized without affecting other loads, thus creating increased efficiencies, and reduced operating and manufacturing costs. Similar switchgear may also be used within an electric utility transmission system and a plurality of distribution substations, although the switching operations used may be more complex.
- Switchgear typically include multiple devices, other than the power distribution system components, to facilitate providing protection, monitoring, and control of the power distribution system components.
- at least some known breakers include a plurality of shunt trip circuits, under-voltage relays, trip units, and a plurality of auxiliary switches that close the breaker in the event of an undesired interruption or fluctuation in the power supplied to the power distribution components.
- at least one known power distribution system also includes a monitor device that monitors a performance of the power distribution system, a control device that controls an operation of the power distribution system, and a protection device that initiates a protective response when the protection device is activated.
- a monitor and control system operates independently of the protective system.
- a protective device may de-energize a portion of the power distribution system based on its own predetermined operating limits, without the monitoring devices recording the event. The failure of the monitoring system to record the system shutdown may mislead an operator to believe that an over-current condition has not occurred within the power distribution system, and as such, a proper corrective action may not be initiated by the operator.
- a protective device i.e. a circuit breaker, may open because of an over-current condition in the power distribution system, but the control system may interpret the over-current condition as a loss of power from the power source, rather than a fault condition.
- control logic may undesirably attempt to connect the faulted circuit to an alternate source, thereby restoring the over-current condition.
- the use of multiple devices and interconnecting wiring associated with the devices may cause an increase in equipment size, an increase in the complexity of wiring the devices, and/or an increase in a quantity of devices installed.
- the power distribution system includes a plurality of circuit breakers, each circuit breaker coupled to a single node electronics unit, the node electronics unit includes a plurality of processors and a memory, and the node electronics unit is communicatively coupled to at least one central control processing unit through an associated network.
- the method includes triggering a first node electronics unit process with a processor interrupt, and triggering a second node electronics unit process with at least one of a background polling of a plurality of process execution flags and a scheduled processor interrupt.
- apparatus for operating a centrally controlled power distribution system includes a plurality of circuit breakers, each circuit breaker coupled to a single node electronics unit, said node electronics unit includes a processor and a memory, and the node electronics unit is communicatively coupled to at least one central control processing unit through an associated network.
- the apparatus includes a software program code segment configured to trigger a first node electronics unit process with a processor interrupt, trigger a second node electronics unit process with at least one of a background polling of a plurality of process execution flags and a scheduled processor interrupt.
- FIG. 1 is an exemplary schematic illustration of a power distribution system
- FIG. 2 is an exemplary schematic illustration of a node power system
- FIG. 3 is an exemplary schematic illustration of a central control processing unit that may used with the power distribution system shown in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 4 is an exemplary schematic illustration of a node electronic unit that may used with the power distribution system shown in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 5 is an exemplary schematic illustration of a circuit breaker that may used with the power distribution system shown in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 6 is an expanded schematic block diagram of an exemplary node electronics unit shown in FIG. 4.
- FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method for operating the node electronics unit shown in FIG. 6.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary schematic illustration of a power distribution system 10 , used by an industrial facility for example.
- system 10 includes at least one main feed system 12 , a power distribution bus 14 , a plurality of power circuit switches or interrupters, also referred to herein as a circuit breakers (CB) 16 , and at least one load 18 , such as, but not limited to, motors, welding machinery, computers, heaters, lighting, and/or other electrical equipment.
- CB circuit breakers
- a main feed system 12 i.e. a switchboard for example, from a source (not shown) such as, an electric generator driven by a prime mover locally, or an electric utility source from an electrical substation.
- the prime mover may be powered from, for example, but not limited to, a turbine, or an internal combustion engine.
- Power supplied to main feed system 12 is divided into a plurality of branch circuits by a plurality of busbars configured to route the power from a branch feed breaker and a bus-tie breaker to a plurality of load circuit breakers 16 which supply power to various loads 18 in the industrial facility.
- circuit breakers 16 are provided in each branch circuit to facilitate protecting equipment, i.e. loads 18 , connected within the respective branch circuit. Additionally, circuit breakers 16 facilitate minimizing equipment failures since specific loads 18 may be energized or de-energized without affecting other loads 18 , thus creating increased efficiencies, and reduced operating and manufacturing costs.
- Power distribution system 10 includes a circuit breaker control protection system 19 that includes a plurality of node electronics units 20 that are each communicatively coupled to a digital network 22 via a network interface controller switch 23 such as, but not limited to, an Ethernet switch 23 .
- Circuit breaker control protection system 19 also includes at least one central control processing unit (CCPU) 24 that is communicatively coupled to digital network 22 .
- CCPU central control processing unit
- each respective node electronic unit 20 is electrically coupled to a respective circuit breaker 16 , such that CCPU 24 is communicatively coupled to each circuit breaker 16 through digital network 22 and through an associated node electronic unit 20 .
- digital network 22 includes, for example, at least one of a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), dial-in-connections, cable modems, and special high-speed ISDN lines.
- Digital network 22 also includes any device capable of interconnecting to the Internet including a web-based phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), or other web-based connectable equipment.
- LAN local area network
- WAN wide area network
- PDA personal digital assistant
- CCPU 24 is a computer and includes a device 26 , for example, a floppy disk drive or CD-ROM drive, to facilitate reading instructions and/or data from a computer-readable medium 28 , such as a floppy disk or CD-ROM.
- CCPU 24 executes instructions stored in firmware (not shown).
- firmware not shown
- CCPU 24 is programmed to perform functions described herein, but other programmable circuits can likewise be programmed.
- the term computer is not limited to just those integrated circuits referred to in the art as computers, but broadly refers to computers, processors, microcontrollers, microcomputers, programmable logic controllers, application specific integrated circuits, and other programmable circuits. Additionally, although described in a power distribution setting, it is contemplated that the benefits of the invention accrue to all electrical distribution systems including industrial systems such as, for example, but not limited to, an electrical distribution system installed in an office building.
- FIG. 2 is an exemplary schematic illustration of a node power distribution system 29 that can be used with power distribution system 10 (shown in FIG. 1) and more specifically, with circuit breaker control protection system 19 (shown in FIG. 1).
- Node power distribution system 29 includes a power source 30 that is electrically coupled to node electronic units 20 through a node power distribution bus 32 .
- power source 30 is an uninterruptible power supply (UPS).
- UPS uninterruptible power supply
- power source 30 receives power from power system 10 and then distributes this power to node electronic units 20 through node power distribution bus 32 .
- UPS uninterruptible power supply
- power is not supplied to power source 30 , but rather, power source 30 supplies power to node electronic units 20 using an internal power supply, such as, but not limited to, a plurality of batteries (not shown).
- node electronic units 20 are powered by secondary current available from current sensor 82 and/or voltage sensor 84 .
- circuit breaker control protection system 19 would not include node power distribution system 29 , power source 30 , or node power distribution bus 32 .
- FIG. 3 is an exemplary schematic illustration of CCPU 24 .
- CCPU 24 includes at least one memory device 40 , such as, but not limited to, a read only memory (ROM) 42 , a flash memory 44 , and/or a random access memory (RAM) 46 .
- CCPU 24 also includes a central processor unit (CPU) 48 that is electrically coupled to at least one memory device 40 , as well as an internal bus 50 , a communications interface 52 , and a communications processor 54 .
- CCPU 24 is a printed circuit board and includes a power supply 56 to supply power to a plurality of devices on the printed circuit board.
- internal bus 50 includes an address bus, a data bus, and a control bus.
- the address bus is configured to enable CPU 48 to address a plurality of internal memory locations or an input/output port, such as, but not limited to communications interface 52 through communications processor 54 , and a gateway interface 57 , through a gateway processor 58 .
- the data bus is configured to transmit instructions and/or data between CPU 48 and at least one input/output
- the control bus is configured to transmit signals between the plurality of devices to facilitate ensuring that the devices are operating in synchronization.
- internal bus 50 is a bidirectional bus such that signals can be transmitted in either direction on internal bus 50 .
- CCPU 24 also includes at least one storage device 60 configured to store a plurality of information transmitted via internal bus 50 .
- gateway interface 57 communicates to a remote workstation (not shown) via an Internet link 62 or an Intranet 62 .
- the remote workstation is a personal computer including a web browser.
- gateway interface 57 may be communicatively coupled to various individuals, including local operators and to third parties, e.g., remote system operators via an ISP Internet connection.
- the communication in the example embodiment is illustrated as being performed via the Internet, however, any other wide area network (WAN) type communication can be utilized in other embodiments, i.e., the systems and processes are not limited to being practiced via the Internet.
- information is received at gateway interface 57 and transmitted to node electronic unit 20 via CCPU 24 and digital network 22 .
- information sent from node electronic unit 20 is received at communication interface 52 and transmitted to Internet 62 via gateway interface 57 .
- FIG. 4 is an exemplary schematic block diagram of single node electronics unit 20 .
- node electronics unit 20 is a unitary device mounted remotely from CCPU 24 and breaker 16 .
- node electronics unit 20 can be separate from, but proximate to circuit breaker 16 .
- Node electronics unit 20 includes a communications interface 70 that is coupled to digital network 22 .
- communication interface 70 communicates over network 22 using Fast Ethernet protocol at about 100 Mbps.
- node electronics unit 20 includes a plurality of communication interfaces 70 that couple to an equal number of independent networks 22 which, in turn, each couple to independent CCPUs 24 .
- Such an architecture provides a redundancy that facilitates operation of power distribution system 10 .
- a number of independent, redundant communications interfaces 70 , networks 22 and CCPUs 24 is determined by a predetermined redundancy requirement of a user.
- Each communication interface 70 couples electrically to a node processor 72 to transmit data received from a respective CCPU 24 to node processor 72 and to transmit data received from node processor 72 to respective CCPU 24 .
- node electronics units 20 include a plurality of node processors 72 . At least one of the plurality of node processors 72 may comprise a self-powered processor. A self-powered processor receives power from a self-power supply circuit 73 .
- the self-powered processor is configured to conserve electrical energy when power supply 80 is unable to supply the electrical requirements of the node electronics units 20 .
- the self-powered processor conserves energy by being configured to execute only predetermined processes such that the self powered-processor conserves energy.
- self-powered processor is configured for fast wakeup, i.e. an abbreviated initialization process when first powered.
- the fast wakeup configuration allows the self-powered processor to conserve energy by executing only predetermined processes.
- Self-powered processor is additionally configured to modify its clock speed and processing to coordinate its power usage with power available through self-power supply circuit and power supply 80 .
- Node processor 72 includes a memory, a communication processor and a command interpreter within.
- the clocks of each node processor 72 in the plurality of node electronics units 20 in power distribution system 10 are synchronized by a synchronization pulse received from at least one CCPU 24 .
- Node electronics units 20 determines which synchronization signal received synchronizes the node processors 72 .
- Node processor 72 is electrically coupled to a memory device 74 , such as, but not limited to a flash memory device, an analog digital (A/D) converter 76 , and a signal conditioner 78 .
- Node processor 72 is communicatively coupled to communications interface 70 .
- Memory device 74 is also communicatively coupled to node processor 72 for exchanging data, and program instructions.
- memory device 74 is a single device including a program area and a data area.
- memory 74 is a plurality of devices, each including an area for a program, data and configuration constant information.
- memory 74 includes a separate device dedicated to each node processor 72 and a shared memory area accessible and modifiable by each node processor 72 .
- Node processor 72 is electrically coupled to A/D converter 76 to receive digital signals representing analog signals received from signal conditioner 78 .
- Analog signals from sensors located remotely from circuit breaker 16 and node electronics unit 20 monitor electrical parameters associated with respective circuit breaker 16 .
- the analog signals are received by signal conditioner 78 from CT input 82 and PT input 84 .
- CT input 82 is electrically coupled to an input CT and a burden resistor (not shown). Input current flowing through the burden resistor induces a voltage drop across the burden resistor that is proportional to the input current.
- the induced voltage is sensed at signal conditioner 78 input.
- Signal conditioner 78 includes a filtering circuit to improve a signal to noise ratio of the incoming signal, a gain circuit to amplify the incoming signal, a level adjustment circuit to shift the incoming signal to a pre-determined range, and an impedance match circuit to facilitate a signal transfer to A/D converter 76 .
- A/D converter 76 is a sample and hold type of A/D converter. The sample and hold feature facilitates synchronization of electrical parameter measurements in node electronics units 20 .
- A/D converter 76 samples signal conditioner 78 output when commanded by node processor 72 , which issues synchronization commands as directed by CCPU 24 .
- node electronics unit 20 is a printed circuit board and includes a power supply 80 to power a plurality of devices on the printed circuit board.
- node electronics unit 20 receives signals input from a plurality of devices, such as, but not limited to, a current transformer 82 , and a potential transformer 84 , and/or a circuit breaker 16 .
- a plurality of inputs from the circuit breaker 16 are provided as status input 86 , and these inputs may include inputs, such as, but not limited to, an auxiliary switch status, and a spring charge switch status.
- current transformer 82 includes a plurality of current transformers, each monitoring a different phase of a three phase power system, and at least one current transformer monitoring a neutral phase of the three phase power system.
- potential transformer 84 includes a plurality of potential transformers, each monitoring a different phase of a three-phase power system.
- An actuation relay module 88 is communicatively coupled to node processor 72 and module 88 is also coupled to an actuation power module 90 .
- Status input module and actuation power module 90 are electrically coupled to circuit breaker 16 through a standard wiring harness.
- node electronics unit 20 includes a second node processor 72 that executes a program code segment that determines local control and protection actions to be used to determine breaker commands when communications between node electronics unit 20 and CCPU 24 is lost.
- the second node processor is powered from an electrical source onboard the node electronics unit separate and independent from the control system power supply that supplies the other components of node electronics unit 20 .
- first node processor 72 is configured to execute a program code segment that controls all other functions of nod electronics unit 20 , including, but, not limited to, communications functions performed by communications interface 70 , input functions performed by signal conditioner 78 , A/D 76 , and status input 86 , and output functions performed by actuation relay 88 and actuation power module 90 .
- Second node processor 72 includes a memory separate and independent from memory unit 74 .
- the status inputs 86 and signals received from current transformer 82 , and potential transformer 84 are conditioned by signal conditioner 78 and transmitted to A/D converter 76 , where the analog signals are converted to digital signals for input to node processor 72 .
- Node processor 72 executes software that is resident on memory 74 . The software instructs node processor 72 to receive digital signals from A/D converter 76 and logical status signals from circuit breaker 16 through status input 86 .
- Node processor 72 compares the input signals to parameters determined by software executing on node processor 72 and parameters in control and protective actions received from CCPU 24 through network 22 and communications interface 70 .
- Node processor 72 determines local control and protective actions based on the input signals and the control and protective actions received from CCPU 24 . If node processor 72 and CCPU are communicating properly, a local block signal received from CCPU 24 inhibits node processor 72 from using the local control and protective actions from determining a set of breaker control actions.
- the breaker control actions are a set of signals that command circuit breaker 16 to operate in a predetermined manner. The presence of the local block signal indicates the communication state between node processor 72 and CCPU 24 . If the local block signal is present in signals received from CCPU 24 , Node processor uses CCPU 24 control and protective actions to determine breaker control actions. If the local block signal is not present, node processor 72 uses local control and protective actions to determine breaker control actions. Node processor 72 transmits breaker control action through actuation relay module 88 , actuation power module 90 , and the standard wiring harness.
- Data received from A/D converter 78 and status input 86 by node processor 72 are transmitted to CCPU 24 via node electronics unit 20 , and digital network 22 .
- the data sent is to CCPU 24 is pre-processed data from node processor 72 , in that, the data sent to CCPU 24 is sent in its raw form, before processing by node processor 72 takes place.
- the data transmitted to CCPU 24 via node electronics unit 20 is processed by CCPU 24 , which transmits a signal to node electronics unit 20 via digital network 22 .
- node electronics unit 20 actuates circuit breaker 16 in response to the signal received from CCPU 24 .
- circuit breaker 16 is actuated in response to commands sent only by CCPU 24 , i.e., circuit breaker 16 is not controlled locally, but rather is operated remotely from CCPU 24 based on inputs received from current transformer 82 , potential transformer 84 , and status inputs 86 received from node electronics unit 20 over network 22 .
- FIG. 5 is an exemplary schematic illustration of circuit breaker 16 that is electrically coupled to node electronics unit 20 .
- circuit breaker 16 includes a switch assembly that includes movable and/or stationary contacts, an arc suppression means, and a tripping and operating mechanism.
- Circuit breaker 16 auxiliaries include only a trip coil 100 , a close coil 102 , an auxiliary switch 104 , a spring charge switch 106 , and a motor 108 .
- Circuit breaker 16 does not include a trip unit.
- Auxiliary switches and sensors are coupled to node electronics unit 20 through a standard wiring harness 110 , which may include both copper wiring and communications conduits.
- Circuit breaker 16 is a unitary device mounted proximate to CCPU 20 , current sensor 82 , and voltage sensor 84 .
- actuation signals from node electronics unit 20 are transmitted to circuit breaker 16 to actuate a plurality of functions in circuit breaker 16 , such as, but not limited to, operating a trip coil 100 , operating a close coil 102 , and affecting a circuit breaker lockout feature.
- An auxiliary switch 104 and spring charge switch 106 provide a status indication of circuit breaker parameters to node electronics unit 20 .
- Motor 108 is configured to recharge a close spring (not shown) after circuit breaker 16 closes.
- a close coil 102 is energized by a close signal from actuation power module 90 .
- Close coil 102 actuates a closing mechanism (not shown) that couples at least one movable electrical contact (not shown) to a corresponding fixed electrical contact (not shown).
- the closing mechanism of circuit breaker 16 latches in a closed position such that when close coil 102 is de-energized, circuit breaker 16 remains closed.
- an “a” contact of auxiliary switch 104 also closes and a “b” contact of auxiliary switch 104 opens.
- the position of the “a” and “b” contacts is sensed by node electronics unit 20 .
- node electronics unit 20 energizes trip coil (TC) 100 .
- TC 100 acts directly on circuit breaker 16 to release the latching mechanism that holds circuit breaker 16 closed.
- each node electronics unit 20 is coupled to circuit breaker 16 in a one-to-one correspondence.
- each node electronics unit 20 communicates directly with only one circuit breaker 16 .
- node electronics unit 20 may communicate with a plurality of circuit breakers 16 .
- FIG. 6 is an expanded schematic block diagram of an exemplary node electronics unit 20 shown in FIG. 4.
- Node electronics unit 20 functions to perform at least the following functions, sample a current flow through circuit breaker 16 and/or a voltage across circuit breaker 16 and synchronized to within about 10 microseconds of the sampling of all other node electronics units 20 , transmit current and/or voltage measurements and node electronics unit 20 and/or circuit breaker 16 state to central control processing unit (CCPU) 24 through network 22 , and receive and decode commands issued by CCPU 24 communicatively coupled through network 22 .
- CCPU central control processing unit
- These functions need to occur with sufficient temporal speed such that all power distribution system 10 control latency requirements are met.
- a TRIP command should be issued for the affected circuit breaker and executed by the associated node electronics unit 20 within 2 . 6 milliseconds of the onset of IOC.
- node electronics unit 20 includes node processor 72 , sample and hold A/D converter 76 , communication interface 70 , and network 22 . Additionally, node electronics unit 20 includes an execution timer 602 , external interrupt channel 604 and internal interrupt channel 606 . Sample and hold A/D converter 76 includes a data input from signal conditioner 78 (not shown) via an input channel 608 . Sample and hold A/D converter 76 also includes communications paths 610 and 612 to node processor 72 for transmitting a sample command 610 and transmitting digital sampled data 612
- Node processor 72 includes an interrupt handler 614 which receives interrupt requests from external components via channel 604 , internal components via channel 606 , execution timer 602 , and communications interface 70 . Interrupt handler 614 also services interrupt requests generated onboard processor 72 .
- Node processor 72 includes a polling subroutine 616 operating in a background environment. Polling subroutine 616 executes when interrupt handler 614 is not servicing interrupts, thus utilizing node processor 72 resources only when the resources are not needed to service higher priority requests. Polling subroutine 616 polls a plurality of process execution flags 618 that are set by other processes executing in processor 72 .
- a high priority interrupt may start a process that needs lower priority processes to execute, and may set a process execution flag to request service for the process. Likewise, lower priority processes may spawn other processes by setting an execution flag for that process.
- Processor 72 is programmed to include functions such as an integrator, a differentiator, an amplifier, a comparator, a voltage reference and a current reference for processor operation during periods of power interruption or poor power quality supplied to node electronics unit 20 , when processor 72 may be operating from a self-powered function processing analog input signals.
- node electronics unit 20 utilizes a software architecture that enables real-time, synchronized monitoring and control of node electronics unit 20 and circuit breaker 16 .
- node processes are triggered by external or internal interrupts, or through background polling of process execution flags.
- High priority process components for example components that need immediate processing for the system to achieve latency goals, are executed within interrupt handler 614 . If follow-on low priority processes are to occur, a flag 618 is set for the follow-on process.
- interrupt handler 616 is not executing, a low priority polling loop is running, checking the status of process flags 618 . If a process's flag is set, its process flag is cleared and the process is executed. As described above, this process may enable the execution of further follow-on processes by setting their process flags.
- high priority processes for execution may include recording the local time of an arriving packet, which is triggered by an interrupt from communications interface 70 , initiation of data sampling by sample and hold A/D converter 76 , execution timer reset, which is triggered by a timer expiration interrupt, and enabling data sample collection, which is triggered by a data ready interrupt from A/D converter 76 .
- follow-on processes that may be initiated by the high-priority processes may include low priority execution of command message decoding and execution, synchronization processes as needed, for example, when a particular command message is received, low priority evaluation of communication channel health, reading of a set of data samples from the A/D converter, and loading the set of data samples into a data packet.
- the data packet is transmitted to CCPU 24 when all of the data sample fields of the data packet's have been filled with new data (since the previous packet transmission).
- the software architecture of node electronics unit 20 enables real-time, synchronized monitoring and control of node electronics unit 20 , such as synchronized sampling and transmission of circuit breaker 16 currents and voltages to CCPU 24 , and real-time reception and execution of commands issued by CCPU 24 .
- the software architecture also provides for division of processes into high priority (i.e. immediate—interrupt driven) and low priority categories, execution of high priority tasks that are important for real-time, synchronized node operation, and use of flags and polling to enable execution of lower priority tasks.
- High priority tasks, which are triggered by interrupts may include recording the local time of an arriving message packet, initiating A/D converter 76 data acquisition, resetting timer 602 , and enabling data sample collection.
- Lower priority tasks which are triggered through the polling of flags set by other processes may include decoding of received, messages and execution of received message commands, evaluation of communication channel health, reading of data samples from A/D converter 76 , and transmission of node electronics unit information to CCPU 24 .
- FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method 700 for operating the node electronics unit shown in FIG. 6.
- the node electronics unit is a component of a centrally controlled power distribution system wherein the power distribution system includes a plurality of circuit breakers that are each coupled to a single node electronics unit.
- Each node electronics unit includes a plurality of processors and a memory, and is communicatively coupled to at least one CCPU through an associated network.
- Method 700 includes triggering 702 a first node electronics unit process with a processor interrupt. High priority processes may originate internal to the processor and/or external to the processor. An interrupt handler, executing on each processor services each received interrupt.
- An interrupt may trigger a high priority process such as recording a local time of an arriving message packet, initiation of an A/D converter data sampling and a timer reset, and enabling data sample collection.
- An interrupt that triggers 702 recording the local time of an arriving message packet is an example of an interrupt from an interrupt source external to processor. Such an interrupt may originate in communications interface. Triggering an initiation of the A/D converter data sampling and the timer reset is an example of an interrupt from an interrupt source internal to processor such as from a timer expiration interrupt.
- a device such as A/D converter may signal a data ready condition to processor using an interrupt.
- Node electronics unit processor includes a background polling process for processes that are not high priority processes.
- a lower priority request triggers 704 a second node electronics unit process by background polling of a plurality of process execution flags and/or a scheduled processor interrupt.
- a device or routine requests servicing of a lower priority process by setting at least one process execution flag, processor polls the process execution flags when processor interrupt handler 614 is not executing, and triggers a low priority process when a process execution flag is set.
- a first process initiated by a process execution flag may spawn another second process such that a follow-on process execution flag is set by the first process to enable execution of a follow-on process.
- interrupt handler 614 services the processor interrupts.
- interrupts are handled using the processor operating system, and processes are scheduled using the processor operating system.
- Exemplary processes that may be initiated using a process execution flag include decoding of received messages and executing received message commands, evaluating communication channel health, conducting a node electronics unit self-evaluation, reading data samples from a node electronics unit A/D converter, executing local protection, logging diagnostic history, logging event history, reading circuit breaker status, reading node identification, determining identification of systems units, updating system unit identification, executing a synchronization routine, adaptively modifying node electronics unit parameters and process execution, and transmitting node electronics unit information to the CCPUs.
- Node electronics unit parameters may include a local protection function parameter, a communication parameter, a sampling parameter, a diagnostic parameter, and a calibration parameter.
- Node electronics unit process execution may include a condition for triggering a process, adding a new trigger, replacing an existing trigger, replacing an existing process with an alternate process, adding a new process, removing an existing process.
- the existing process may be replaced with an alternate process that is resident in the node and the alternate process may be identified by a process description received from a remote source such as a remote processor, a remote controller, a manual entry, an external process server, an external code server, a storage media, and the a process description may include a binary, executable, compilable source code, interpretable source code, or references to resident code blocks.
- a remote source such as a remote processor, a remote controller, a manual entry, an external process server, an external code server, a storage media
- the a process description may include a binary, executable, compilable source code, interpretable source code, or references to resident code blocks.
- Node electronics unit parameters and process execution may be adaptively modified based on system resources, a communication network noise level, a data signal-to-noise ratio, a change in a number of network nodes, a communication channel utilization, a change of authorization of parameters, service requested data, and a change command received from at least one of a remote controller and an external processor.
- the node electronics unit senses parameters associated with potential system problems and routinely performs system troubleshooting and diagnostic self checks to facilitate maintaining optimal system operation during periods of less than optimal system conditions.
- Node electronics unit parameters and process execution may be adaptively modified based on service requested data that may include system status data, local status data, local health data, communication network data, data signal-to-noise ratio, event history, and error history.
- At least one of the plurality of processors may be configured to operate at a first power consumption, which would be the power consumption level during a normal operating period, and also configured to operate at a second, reduced power consumption, which would occur during periods of a loss of normal power to the node electronics unit as may occur during a fault in the power supply.
- a processor may be programmed to operate as a primary processor and a second processor may be programmed to operate as a secondary processor.
- the primary processor is operable to perform the functions of a processor in a normal mode and the secondary processor is operable in a sleep mode and may be self powered.
- the secondary processor may remain in sleep mode until activated by an external signal, such as a loss of power to the node electronics unit or may “wake-up” periodically, based on an internal timer, to determine the status of the node electronics unit and then reenter sleep mode.
- the secondary processor may be configured to operate with ultra-low power, at very high processor speed, and be capable of a short power-up or initialization time.
- the secondary processor may communicate secondary processor status, secondary processor health, and secondary processor events to the primary processor, and may receive commands, parameters, status information, and health information from the primary processor.
- At least one processor is programmed to execute a watchdog timer function for monitoring the health of the other processors.
- Processor generates a first “heartbeat” signal and transmits the heartbeat signal to each other processor or a predetermined number of the other processors.
- the sending processor is programmed to determine the health of the other processors based on heartbeat signals received and the watchdog timer.
- a processor may be programmed to execute a power supply monitoring function that includes logging power supply events, determining a health of the power supply, and transmitting commands based on the determined health, for example, writing power supply status data to a nonvolatile memory, executing a reduced instruction set to conserve power, and transferring processing control to a processor operating at reduced power consumption.
- the processor may further be programmed to execute a backup protection function when operating at reduced power consumption. During reduced power consumption the processor may operate only selected high priority functions using a reduced instruction set and/or reduced clock speed. In the exemplary embodiment, the processor executes the backup protection function using analog signal processing and bypassing the A/D converter to conserve power.
- the processor includes functionality that includes an integrator, a differentiator, an amplifier, a comparator, a voltage reference and a current reference for processing the analog input signals.
- the processor receives analog signals from a source, such as, a current transformer, potential transformer, and/or a status input device, and processes the analog signal using the integrator, the differentiator, the amplifier, the comparator, the voltage reference and the current reference.
- the above-described power distribution system node electronics unit software architecture is cost-effective and highly reliable.
- the software architecture enables real-time, synchronized monitoring and control of all node electronics units operating on the power distribution system.
- the software architecture also provides for division of processes into high priority and low priority categories, such that node resources are used efficiently and system latency times may be maintained below predetermined goals. Accordingly, the power distribution system node electronics unit software architecture facilitates protection and monitoring of the power distribution system in a cost-effective and reliable manner.
- Exemplary embodiments of power distribution system node electronics unit components are described above in detail. The components are not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, but rather, components of each system may be utilized independently and separately from other components described herein. Each power distribution system node electronics unit component can also be used in combination with other power distribution system components.
Abstract
A method and apparatus for operating a centrally controlled power distribution system is provided. The power distribution system includes a plurality of circuit breakers, each circuit breaker coupled to a single node electronics unit, the node electronics unit includes a plurality of processors and a memory, and the node electronics unit is communicatively coupled to at least one central control processing unit through an associated network. The method includes triggering a first node electronics unit process with a processor interrupt, and triggering a second node electronics unit process with at least one of a background polling of process execution flags and scheduled processor interrupts. The apparatus includes a software program code segment configured to trigger a first node electronics unit process with a processor interrupt, and trigger a second node electronics unit process with at least one of a background polling of process execution flags and scheduled processor interrupts.
Description
- This application is related to U.S. Patent Application No. 60/359,544 filed on Feb. 25, 2002 for “Integrated Protection, Monitoring, and Control” the content of which is incorporated in its entirety herein by reference. This application is also related to U.S. Patent Application No. 60/438,159 filed on Jan. 6, 2003 for “Single Processor Concept for Protection and Control of Circuit Breakers in Low-Voltage Switchgear” the content of which is incorporated in its entirety herein by reference.
- This invention relates generally to electrical switchgear and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for operating a centrally controlled power distribution system circuit breaker node electronics unit.
- In an industrial power distribution system, power generated by a power generation company may be supplied to an industrial or commercial facility wherein the power may be distributed throughout the industrial or commercial facility to various equipment such as, for example, motors, welding machinery, computers, heaters, lighting, and other electrical equipment. At least some known power distribution systems include switchgear which facilitates dividing the power into branch circuits which supply power to various portions of the industrial facility. Circuit breakers are provided in each branch circuit to facilitate protecting equipment within the branch circuit. Additionally, circuit breakers in each branch circuit can facilitate minimizing equipment failures since specific loads may be energized or de-energized without affecting other loads, thus creating increased efficiencies, and reduced operating and manufacturing costs. Similar switchgear may also be used within an electric utility transmission system and a plurality of distribution substations, although the switching operations used may be more complex.
- Switchgear typically include multiple devices, other than the power distribution system components, to facilitate providing protection, monitoring, and control of the power distribution system components. For example, at least some known breakers include a plurality of shunt trip circuits, under-voltage relays, trip units, and a plurality of auxiliary switches that close the breaker in the event of an undesired interruption or fluctuation in the power supplied to the power distribution components. Additionally, at least one known power distribution system also includes a monitor device that monitors a performance of the power distribution system, a control device that controls an operation of the power distribution system, and a protection device that initiates a protective response when the protection device is activated.
- In at least some other known power distribution systems, a monitor and control system operates independently of the protective system. For example, a protective device may de-energize a portion of the power distribution system based on its own predetermined operating limits, without the monitoring devices recording the event. The failure of the monitoring system to record the system shutdown may mislead an operator to believe that an over-current condition has not occurred within the power distribution system, and as such, a proper corrective action may not be initiated by the operator. Additionally, a protective device, i.e. a circuit breaker, may open because of an over-current condition in the power distribution system, but the control system may interpret the over-current condition as a loss of power from the power source, rather than a fault condition. As such, the control logic may undesirably attempt to connect the faulted circuit to an alternate source, thereby restoring the over-current condition. In addition to the potential increase in operational defects which may occur using such devices, the use of multiple devices and interconnecting wiring associated with the devices may cause an increase in equipment size, an increase in the complexity of wiring the devices, and/or an increase in a quantity of devices installed.
- In one aspect, method for operating a centrally controlled power distribution system is provided. The power distribution system includes a plurality of circuit breakers, each circuit breaker coupled to a single node electronics unit, the node electronics unit includes a plurality of processors and a memory, and the node electronics unit is communicatively coupled to at least one central control processing unit through an associated network. The method includes triggering a first node electronics unit process with a processor interrupt, and triggering a second node electronics unit process with at least one of a background polling of a plurality of process execution flags and a scheduled processor interrupt.
- In another aspect, apparatus for operating a centrally controlled power distribution system is provided. The power distribution system includes a plurality of circuit breakers, each circuit breaker coupled to a single node electronics unit, said node electronics unit includes a processor and a memory, and the node electronics unit is communicatively coupled to at least one central control processing unit through an associated network. The apparatus includes a software program code segment configured to trigger a first node electronics unit process with a processor interrupt, trigger a second node electronics unit process with at least one of a background polling of a plurality of process execution flags and a scheduled processor interrupt.
- FIG. 1 is an exemplary schematic illustration of a power distribution system;
- FIG. 2 is an exemplary schematic illustration of a node power system;
- FIG. 3 is an exemplary schematic illustration of a central control processing unit that may used with the power distribution system shown in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 4 is an exemplary schematic illustration of a node electronic unit that may used with the power distribution system shown in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 5 is an exemplary schematic illustration of a circuit breaker that may used with the power distribution system shown in FIG. 1; and
- FIG. 6 is an expanded schematic block diagram of an exemplary node electronics unit shown in FIG. 4.
- FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method for operating the node electronics unit shown in FIG. 6.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary schematic illustration of a
power distribution system 10, used by an industrial facility for example. In an exemplary embodiment,system 10 includes at least onemain feed system 12, apower distribution bus 14, a plurality of power circuit switches or interrupters, also referred to herein as a circuit breakers (CB) 16, and at least oneload 18, such as, but not limited to, motors, welding machinery, computers, heaters, lighting, and/or other electrical equipment. - In use, power is supplied to a
main feed system 12, i.e. a switchboard for example, from a source (not shown) such as, an electric generator driven by a prime mover locally, or an electric utility source from an electrical substation. The prime mover may be powered from, for example, but not limited to, a turbine, or an internal combustion engine. Power supplied tomain feed system 12 is divided into a plurality of branch circuits by a plurality of busbars configured to route the power from a branch feed breaker and a bus-tie breaker to a plurality ofload circuit breakers 16 which supply power tovarious loads 18 in the industrial facility. In addition,circuit breakers 16 are provided in each branch circuit to facilitate protecting equipment,i.e. loads 18, connected within the respective branch circuit. Additionally,circuit breakers 16 facilitate minimizing equipment failures sincespecific loads 18 may be energized or de-energized without affectingother loads 18, thus creating increased efficiencies, and reduced operating and manufacturing costs. -
Power distribution system 10 includes a circuit breakercontrol protection system 19 that includes a plurality ofnode electronics units 20 that are each communicatively coupled to adigital network 22 via a networkinterface controller switch 23 such as, but not limited to, anEthernet switch 23. Circuit breakercontrol protection system 19 also includes at least one central control processing unit (CCPU) 24 that is communicatively coupled todigital network 22. In use, each respective nodeelectronic unit 20 is electrically coupled to arespective circuit breaker 16, such that CCPU 24 is communicatively coupled to eachcircuit breaker 16 throughdigital network 22 and through an associated nodeelectronic unit 20. - In one embodiment,
digital network 22 includes, for example, at least one of a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), dial-in-connections, cable modems, and special high-speed ISDN lines.Digital network 22 also includes any device capable of interconnecting to the Internet including a web-based phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), or other web-based connectable equipment. - In one embodiment, CCPU24 is a computer and includes a
device 26, for example, a floppy disk drive or CD-ROM drive, to facilitate reading instructions and/or data from a computer-readable medium 28, such as a floppy disk or CD-ROM. In another embodiment, CCPU 24 executes instructions stored in firmware (not shown). CCPU 24 is programmed to perform functions described herein, but other programmable circuits can likewise be programmed. Accordingly, as used herein, the term computer is not limited to just those integrated circuits referred to in the art as computers, but broadly refers to computers, processors, microcontrollers, microcomputers, programmable logic controllers, application specific integrated circuits, and other programmable circuits. Additionally, although described in a power distribution setting, it is contemplated that the benefits of the invention accrue to all electrical distribution systems including industrial systems such as, for example, but not limited to, an electrical distribution system installed in an office building. - FIG. 2 is an exemplary schematic illustration of a node
power distribution system 29 that can be used with power distribution system 10 (shown in FIG. 1) and more specifically, with circuit breaker control protection system 19 (shown in FIG. 1). Nodepower distribution system 29 includes apower source 30 that is electrically coupled to nodeelectronic units 20 through a nodepower distribution bus 32. In an exemplary embodiment,power source 30 is an uninterruptible power supply (UPS). In one embodiment,power source 30 receives power frompower system 10 and then distributes this power to nodeelectronic units 20 through nodepower distribution bus 32. In an alternative embodiment, power is not supplied topower source 30, but rather,power source 30 supplies power to nodeelectronic units 20 using an internal power supply, such as, but not limited to, a plurality of batteries (not shown). In another alternate embodiment, nodeelectronic units 20 are powered by secondary current available fromcurrent sensor 82 and/orvoltage sensor 84. In this embodiment, circuit breakercontrol protection system 19 would not include nodepower distribution system 29,power source 30, or nodepower distribution bus 32. - FIG. 3 is an exemplary schematic illustration of CCPU24. CCPU 24 includes at least one
memory device 40, such as, but not limited to, a read only memory (ROM) 42, aflash memory 44, and/or a random access memory (RAM) 46. CCPU 24 also includes a central processor unit (CPU) 48 that is electrically coupled to at least onememory device 40, as well as aninternal bus 50, acommunications interface 52, and acommunications processor 54. In an exemplary embodiment, CCPU 24 is a printed circuit board and includes apower supply 56 to supply power to a plurality of devices on the printed circuit board. - Additionally, in an exemplary embodiment,
internal bus 50 includes an address bus, a data bus, and a control bus. In use, the address bus is configured to enableCPU 48 to address a plurality of internal memory locations or an input/output port, such as, but not limited tocommunications interface 52 throughcommunications processor 54, and agateway interface 57, through agateway processor 58. The data bus is configured to transmit instructions and/or data betweenCPU 48 and at least one input/output, and the control bus is configured to transmit signals between the plurality of devices to facilitate ensuring that the devices are operating in synchronization. In the exemplary embodiment,internal bus 50 is a bidirectional bus such that signals can be transmitted in either direction oninternal bus 50.CCPU 24 also includes at least onestorage device 60 configured to store a plurality of information transmitted viainternal bus 50. - In use,
gateway interface 57 communicates to a remote workstation (not shown) via anInternet link 62 or anIntranet 62. In the exemplary embodiment, the remote workstation is a personal computer including a web browser. Although a single workstation is described, such functions as described herein can be performed at one of many personal computers coupled togateway interface 57. For example,gateway interface 57 may be communicatively coupled to various individuals, including local operators and to third parties, e.g., remote system operators via an ISP Internet connection. The communication in the example embodiment is illustrated as being performed via the Internet, however, any other wide area network (WAN) type communication can be utilized in other embodiments, i.e., the systems and processes are not limited to being practiced via the Internet. In one embodiment, information is received atgateway interface 57 and transmitted to nodeelectronic unit 20 viaCCPU 24 anddigital network 22. In another embodiment, information sent from nodeelectronic unit 20 is received atcommunication interface 52 and transmitted toInternet 62 viagateway interface 57. - FIG. 4 is an exemplary schematic block diagram of single
node electronics unit 20. In the exemplary embodiment,node electronics unit 20 is a unitary device mounted remotely fromCCPU 24 andbreaker 16. For example,node electronics unit 20 can be separate from, but proximate tocircuit breaker 16.Node electronics unit 20 includes acommunications interface 70 that is coupled todigital network 22. In the exemplary embodiment,communication interface 70 communicates overnetwork 22 using Fast Ethernet protocol at about 100 Mbps. In another embodiment,node electronics unit 20 includes a plurality ofcommunication interfaces 70 that couple to an equal number ofindependent networks 22 which, in turn, each couple toindependent CCPUs 24. Such an architecture provides a redundancy that facilitates operation ofpower distribution system 10. A number of independent, redundant communications interfaces 70,networks 22 andCCPUs 24 is determined by a predetermined redundancy requirement of a user. Eachcommunication interface 70 couples electrically to anode processor 72 to transmit data received from arespective CCPU 24 tonode processor 72 and to transmit data received fromnode processor 72 torespective CCPU 24. In an alternative embodiment,node electronics units 20 include a plurality ofnode processors 72. At least one of the plurality ofnode processors 72 may comprise a self-powered processor. A self-powered processor receives power from a self-power supply circuit 73. In an embodiment wherein a self-powered processor is used, the self-powered processor is configured to conserve electrical energy whenpower supply 80 is unable to supply the electrical requirements of thenode electronics units 20. It should be appreciated that, in one embodiment, the self-powered processor conserves energy by being configured to execute only predetermined processes such that the self powered-processor conserves energy. In such a case, self-powered processor is configured for fast wakeup, i.e. an abbreviated initialization process when first powered. It should be further appreciated that, in another embodiment, the fast wakeup configuration allows the self-powered processor to conserve energy by executing only predetermined processes. Self-powered processor is additionally configured to modify its clock speed and processing to coordinate its power usage with power available through self-power supply circuit andpower supply 80.Node processor 72 includes a memory, a communication processor and a command interpreter within. The clocks of eachnode processor 72 in the plurality ofnode electronics units 20 inpower distribution system 10 are synchronized by a synchronization pulse received from at least oneCCPU 24.Node electronics units 20 determines which synchronization signal received synchronizes thenode processors 72. -
Node processor 72 is electrically coupled to amemory device 74, such as, but not limited to a flash memory device, an analog digital (A/D)converter 76, and asignal conditioner 78.Node processor 72 is communicatively coupled tocommunications interface 70.Memory device 74 is also communicatively coupled tonode processor 72 for exchanging data, and program instructions. In one embodiment,memory device 74 is a single device including a program area and a data area. In an alternative embodiment,memory 74 is a plurality of devices, each including an area for a program, data and configuration constant information. In an embodiment wherein a plurality ofnode processors 72 are used,memory 74 includes a separate device dedicated to eachnode processor 72 and a shared memory area accessible and modifiable by eachnode processor 72.Node processor 72 is electrically coupled to A/D converter 76 to receive digital signals representing analog signals received fromsignal conditioner 78. Analog signals from sensors located remotely fromcircuit breaker 16 andnode electronics unit 20 monitor electrical parameters associated withrespective circuit breaker 16. The analog signals are received bysignal conditioner 78 fromCT input 82 andPT input 84.CT input 82 is electrically coupled to an input CT and a burden resistor (not shown). Input current flowing through the burden resistor induces a voltage drop across the burden resistor that is proportional to the input current. The induced voltage is sensed atsignal conditioner 78 input.Signal conditioner 78 includes a filtering circuit to improve a signal to noise ratio of the incoming signal, a gain circuit to amplify the incoming signal, a level adjustment circuit to shift the incoming signal to a pre-determined range, and an impedance match circuit to facilitate a signal transfer to A/D converter 76. In the exemplary embodiment, A/D converter 76 is a sample and hold type of A/D converter. The sample and hold feature facilitates synchronization of electrical parameter measurements innode electronics units 20. A/D converter 76 samples signalconditioner 78 output when commanded bynode processor 72, which issues synchronization commands as directed byCCPU 24. In an exemplary embodiment,node electronics unit 20 is a printed circuit board and includes apower supply 80 to power a plurality of devices on the printed circuit board. - In one embodiment,
node electronics unit 20 receives signals input from a plurality of devices, such as, but not limited to, acurrent transformer 82, and apotential transformer 84, and/or acircuit breaker 16. A plurality of inputs from thecircuit breaker 16 are provided asstatus input 86, and these inputs may include inputs, such as, but not limited to, an auxiliary switch status, and a spring charge switch status. In one embodiment,current transformer 82 includes a plurality of current transformers, each monitoring a different phase of a three phase power system, and at least one current transformer monitoring a neutral phase of the three phase power system. In another embodiment,potential transformer 84 includes a plurality of potential transformers, each monitoring a different phase of a three-phase power system. Anactuation relay module 88 is communicatively coupled tonode processor 72 andmodule 88 is also coupled to anactuation power module 90. Status input module andactuation power module 90 are electrically coupled tocircuit breaker 16 through a standard wiring harness. - In one embodiment,
node electronics unit 20 includes asecond node processor 72 that executes a program code segment that determines local control and protection actions to be used to determine breaker commands when communications betweennode electronics unit 20 andCCPU 24 is lost. The second node processor is powered from an electrical source onboard the node electronics unit separate and independent from the control system power supply that supplies the other components ofnode electronics unit 20. In this embodiment,first node processor 72 is configured to execute a program code segment that controls all other functions ofnod electronics unit 20, including, but, not limited to, communications functions performed bycommunications interface 70, input functions performed bysignal conditioner 78, A/D 76, andstatus input 86, and output functions performed byactuation relay 88 andactuation power module 90.Second node processor 72 includes a memory separate and independent frommemory unit 74. - In use, the
status inputs 86 and signals received fromcurrent transformer 82, andpotential transformer 84, are conditioned bysignal conditioner 78 and transmitted to A/D converter 76, where the analog signals are converted to digital signals for input tonode processor 72.Node processor 72 executes software that is resident onmemory 74. The software instructsnode processor 72 to receive digital signals from A/D converter 76 and logical status signals fromcircuit breaker 16 throughstatus input 86.Node processor 72 compares the input signals to parameters determined by software executing onnode processor 72 and parameters in control and protective actions received fromCCPU 24 throughnetwork 22 andcommunications interface 70.Node processor 72 determines local control and protective actions based on the input signals and the control and protective actions received fromCCPU 24. Ifnode processor 72 and CCPU are communicating properly, a local block signal received fromCCPU 24 inhibitsnode processor 72 from using the local control and protective actions from determining a set of breaker control actions. The breaker control actions are a set of signals that commandcircuit breaker 16 to operate in a predetermined manner. The presence of the local block signal indicates the communication state betweennode processor 72 andCCPU 24. If the local block signal is present in signals received fromCCPU 24, Node processor usesCCPU 24 control and protective actions to determine breaker control actions. If the local block signal is not present,node processor 72 uses local control and protective actions to determine breaker control actions.Node processor 72 transmits breaker control action throughactuation relay module 88,actuation power module 90, and the standard wiring harness. - Data received from A/
D converter 78 andstatus input 86 bynode processor 72 are transmitted toCCPU 24 vianode electronics unit 20, anddigital network 22. The data sent is toCCPU 24 is pre-processed data fromnode processor 72, in that, the data sent toCCPU 24 is sent in its raw form, before processing bynode processor 72 takes place. The data transmitted toCCPU 24 vianode electronics unit 20 is processed byCCPU 24, which transmits a signal tonode electronics unit 20 viadigital network 22. In the exemplary embodiment,node electronics unit 20 actuatescircuit breaker 16 in response to the signal received fromCCPU 24. In one embodiment,circuit breaker 16 is actuated in response to commands sent only byCCPU 24, i.e.,circuit breaker 16 is not controlled locally, but rather is operated remotely fromCCPU 24 based on inputs received fromcurrent transformer 82,potential transformer 84, andstatus inputs 86 received fromnode electronics unit 20 overnetwork 22. - FIG. 5 is an exemplary schematic illustration of
circuit breaker 16 that is electrically coupled tonode electronics unit 20. In the exemplary embodiment,circuit breaker 16 includes a switch assembly that includes movable and/or stationary contacts, an arc suppression means, and a tripping and operating mechanism.Circuit breaker 16 auxiliaries include only atrip coil 100, aclose coil 102, anauxiliary switch 104, aspring charge switch 106, and amotor 108.Circuit breaker 16 does not include a trip unit. Auxiliary switches and sensors are coupled tonode electronics unit 20 through a standard wiring harness 110, which may include both copper wiring and communications conduits.Current sensor 82, andvoltage sensor 84 are coupled tonode electronics unit 20 through a cable 112 that may include copper wiring and/or communications conduits.Circuit breaker 16 is a unitary device mounted proximate toCCPU 20,current sensor 82, andvoltage sensor 84. - In use, actuation signals from
node electronics unit 20 are transmitted tocircuit breaker 16 to actuate a plurality of functions incircuit breaker 16, such as, but not limited to, operating atrip coil 100, operating aclose coil 102, and affecting a circuit breaker lockout feature. Anauxiliary switch 104 andspring charge switch 106 provide a status indication of circuit breaker parameters tonode electronics unit 20.Motor 108 is configured to recharge a close spring (not shown) aftercircuit breaker 16 closes. To closecircuit breaker 16, aclose coil 102 is energized by a close signal fromactuation power module 90.Close coil 102 actuates a closing mechanism (not shown) that couples at least one movable electrical contact (not shown) to a corresponding fixed electrical contact (not shown). The closing mechanism ofcircuit breaker 16 latches in a closed position such that whenclose coil 102 is de-energized,circuit breaker 16 remains closed. Whenbreaker 16 closes, an “a” contact ofauxiliary switch 104 also closes and a “b” contact ofauxiliary switch 104 opens. The position of the “a” and “b” contacts is sensed bynode electronics unit 20. Toopen circuit breaker 16,node electronics unit 20 energizes trip coil (TC) 100.TC 100 acts directly oncircuit breaker 16 to release the latching mechanism that holdscircuit breaker 16 closed. When the latching mechanism is released,circuit breaker 16 will open, opening the “a” contact and closing the “b” contact ofauxiliary switch 104.Trip coil 100 is then de-energized bynode electronics unit 20. Afterbreaker 16 opens, with the close spring recharged bymotor 108,circuit breaker 16 is prepared for a next operating cycle. In the exemplary embodiment, eachnode electronics unit 20 is coupled tocircuit breaker 16 in a one-to-one correspondence. For example, eachnode electronics unit 20 communicates directly with only onecircuit breaker 16. In an alternative embodiment,node electronics unit 20 may communicate with a plurality ofcircuit breakers 16. - FIG. 6 is an expanded schematic block diagram of an exemplary
node electronics unit 20 shown in FIG. 4.Node electronics unit 20 functions to perform at least the following functions, sample a current flow throughcircuit breaker 16 and/or a voltage acrosscircuit breaker 16 and synchronized to within about 10 microseconds of the sampling of all othernode electronics units 20, transmit current and/or voltage measurements andnode electronics unit 20 and/orcircuit breaker 16 state to central control processing unit (CCPU) 24 throughnetwork 22, and receive and decode commands issued byCCPU 24 communicatively coupled throughnetwork 22. These functions need to occur with sufficient temporal speed such that allpower distribution system 10 control latency requirements are met. For example, in an instantaneous overcurrent (IOC) event at one ofcircuit breaker 16, a TRIP command should be issued for the affected circuit breaker and executed by the associatednode electronics unit 20 within 2.6 milliseconds of the onset of IOC. - Components of
node electronics unit 20 that are identical tonode electronics unit 20 components shown n FIG. 4 are shown in FIG. 6 using the same reference numerals used in FIG. 4. Accordingly,node electronics unit 20 includesnode processor 72, sample and hold A/D converter 76,communication interface 70, andnetwork 22. Additionally,node electronics unit 20 includes anexecution timer 602, external interruptchannel 604 and internal interruptchannel 606. Sample and hold A/D converter 76 includes a data input from signal conditioner 78 (not shown) via aninput channel 608. Sample and hold A/D converter 76 also includescommunications paths node processor 72 for transmitting asample command 610 and transmitting digital sampleddata 612 -
Node processor 72 includes an interrupthandler 614 which receives interrupt requests from external components viachannel 604, internal components viachannel 606,execution timer 602, andcommunications interface 70. Interrupthandler 614 also services interrupt requests generatedonboard processor 72.Node processor 72 includes apolling subroutine 616 operating in a background environment.Polling subroutine 616 executes when interrupthandler 614 is not servicing interrupts, thus utilizingnode processor 72 resources only when the resources are not needed to service higher priority requests.Polling subroutine 616 polls a plurality ofprocess execution flags 618 that are set by other processes executing inprocessor 72. A high priority interrupt may start a process that needs lower priority processes to execute, and may set a process execution flag to request service for the process. Likewise, lower priority processes may spawn other processes by setting an execution flag for that process.Processor 72 is programmed to include functions such as an integrator, a differentiator, an amplifier, a comparator, a voltage reference and a current reference for processor operation during periods of power interruption or poor power quality supplied tonode electronics unit 20, whenprocessor 72 may be operating from a self-powered function processing analog input signals. - In operation,
node electronics unit 20 utilizes a software architecture that enables real-time, synchronized monitoring and control ofnode electronics unit 20 andcircuit breaker 16. In this software architecture, node processes are triggered by external or internal interrupts, or through background polling of process execution flags. High priority process components, for example components that need immediate processing for the system to achieve latency goals, are executed within interrupthandler 614. If follow-on low priority processes are to occur, aflag 618 is set for the follow-on process. When interrupthandler 616 is not executing, a low priority polling loop is running, checking the status of process flags 618. If a process's flag is set, its process flag is cleared and the process is executed. As described above, this process may enable the execution of further follow-on processes by setting their process flags. - In the exemplary embodiment, high priority processes for execution may include recording the local time of an arriving packet, which is triggered by an interrupt from
communications interface 70, initiation of data sampling by sample and hold A/D converter 76, execution timer reset, which is triggered by a timer expiration interrupt, and enabling data sample collection, which is triggered by a data ready interrupt from A/D converter 76. Follow-on processes that may be initiated by the high-priority processes may include low priority execution of command message decoding and execution, synchronization processes as needed, for example, when a particular command message is received, low priority evaluation of communication channel health, reading of a set of data samples from the A/D converter, and loading the set of data samples into a data packet. The data packet is transmitted toCCPU 24 when all of the data sample fields of the data packet's have been filled with new data (since the previous packet transmission). - The software architecture of
node electronics unit 20 enables real-time, synchronized monitoring and control ofnode electronics unit 20, such as synchronized sampling and transmission ofcircuit breaker 16 currents and voltages toCCPU 24, and real-time reception and execution of commands issued byCCPU 24. The software architecture also provides for division of processes into high priority (i.e. immediate—interrupt driven) and low priority categories, execution of high priority tasks that are important for real-time, synchronized node operation, and use of flags and polling to enable execution of lower priority tasks. High priority tasks, which are triggered by interrupts may include recording the local time of an arriving message packet, initiating A/D converter 76 data acquisition, resettingtimer 602, and enabling data sample collection. Lower priority tasks, which are triggered through the polling of flags set by other processes may include decoding of received, messages and execution of received message commands, evaluation of communication channel health, reading of data samples from A/D converter 76, and transmission of node electronics unit information toCCPU 24. - FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating an
exemplary method 700 for operating the node electronics unit shown in FIG. 6. In the exemplary embodiment, the node electronics unit is a component of a centrally controlled power distribution system wherein the power distribution system includes a plurality of circuit breakers that are each coupled to a single node electronics unit. Each node electronics unit includes a plurality of processors and a memory, and is communicatively coupled to at least one CCPU through an associated network.Method 700 includes triggering 702 a first node electronics unit process with a processor interrupt. High priority processes may originate internal to the processor and/or external to the processor. An interrupt handler, executing on each processor services each received interrupt. An interrupt may trigger a high priority process such as recording a local time of an arriving message packet, initiation of an A/D converter data sampling and a timer reset, and enabling data sample collection. An interrupt thattriggers 702 recording the local time of an arriving message packet is an example of an interrupt from an interrupt source external to processor. Such an interrupt may originate in communications interface. Triggering an initiation of the A/D converter data sampling and the timer reset is an example of an interrupt from an interrupt source internal to processor such as from a timer expiration interrupt. Additionally, a device such as A/D converter may signal a data ready condition to processor using an interrupt. Node electronics unit processor includes a background polling process for processes that are not high priority processes. A lower priority request triggers 704 a second node electronics unit process by background polling of a plurality of process execution flags and/or a scheduled processor interrupt. A device or routine requests servicing of a lower priority process by setting at least one process execution flag, processor polls the process execution flags when processor interrupthandler 614 is not executing, and triggers a low priority process when a process execution flag is set. A first process initiated by a process execution flag may spawn another second process such that a follow-on process execution flag is set by the first process to enable execution of a follow-on process. In the exemplary embodiment, interrupthandler 614 services the processor interrupts. In an alternative embodiment, interrupts are handled using the processor operating system, and processes are scheduled using the processor operating system. - Exemplary processes that may be initiated using a process execution flag include decoding of received messages and executing received message commands, evaluating communication channel health, conducting a node electronics unit self-evaluation, reading data samples from a node electronics unit A/D converter, executing local protection, logging diagnostic history, logging event history, reading circuit breaker status, reading node identification, determining identification of systems units, updating system unit identification, executing a synchronization routine, adaptively modifying node electronics unit parameters and process execution, and transmitting node electronics unit information to the CCPUs.
- Node electronics unit parameters may include a local protection function parameter, a communication parameter, a sampling parameter, a diagnostic parameter, and a calibration parameter. Node electronics unit process execution may include a condition for triggering a process, adding a new trigger, replacing an existing trigger, replacing an existing process with an alternate process, adding a new process, removing an existing process. When replacing an existing process with an alternate process, the existing process may be replaced with an alternate process that is resident in the node and the alternate process may be identified by a process description received from a remote source such as a remote processor, a remote controller, a manual entry, an external process server, an external code server, a storage media, and the a process description may include a binary, executable, compilable source code, interpretable source code, or references to resident code blocks.
- Node electronics unit parameters and process execution may be adaptively modified based on system resources, a communication network noise level, a data signal-to-noise ratio, a change in a number of network nodes, a communication channel utilization, a change of authorization of parameters, service requested data, and a change command received from at least one of a remote controller and an external processor. The node electronics unit senses parameters associated with potential system problems and routinely performs system troubleshooting and diagnostic self checks to facilitate maintaining optimal system operation during periods of less than optimal system conditions.
- Node electronics unit parameters and process execution may be adaptively modified based on service requested data that may include system status data, local status data, local health data, communication network data, data signal-to-noise ratio, event history, and error history.
- To facilitate efficient operation during foreseeable operating conditions at least one of the plurality of processors may be configured to operate at a first power consumption, which would be the power consumption level during a normal operating period, and also configured to operate at a second, reduced power consumption, which would occur during periods of a loss of normal power to the node electronics unit as may occur during a fault in the power supply. Additionally, a processor may be programmed to operate as a primary processor and a second processor may be programmed to operate as a secondary processor. The primary processor is operable to perform the functions of a processor in a normal mode and the secondary processor is operable in a sleep mode and may be self powered. The secondary processor may remain in sleep mode until activated by an external signal, such as a loss of power to the node electronics unit or may “wake-up” periodically, based on an internal timer, to determine the status of the node electronics unit and then reenter sleep mode. The secondary processor may be configured to operate with ultra-low power, at very high processor speed, and be capable of a short power-up or initialization time. During periods when the node electronics unit is supplied with normal power, the secondary processor may communicate secondary processor status, secondary processor health, and secondary processor events to the primary processor, and may receive commands, parameters, status information, and health information from the primary processor.
- In the exemplary embodiment, at least one processor is programmed to execute a watchdog timer function for monitoring the health of the other processors. Processor generates a first “heartbeat” signal and transmits the heartbeat signal to each other processor or a predetermined number of the other processors. Each processor that receives the first heartbeat signal and is healthy, responds with a second heartbeat signal, which each processor transmits to the sending processor. The sending processor is programmed to determine the health of the other processors based on heartbeat signals received and the watchdog timer.
- A processor may be programmed to execute a power supply monitoring function that includes logging power supply events, determining a health of the power supply, and transmitting commands based on the determined health, for example, writing power supply status data to a nonvolatile memory, executing a reduced instruction set to conserve power, and transferring processing control to a processor operating at reduced power consumption. The processor may further be programmed to execute a backup protection function when operating at reduced power consumption. During reduced power consumption the processor may operate only selected high priority functions using a reduced instruction set and/or reduced clock speed. In the exemplary embodiment, the processor executes the backup protection function using analog signal processing and bypassing the A/D converter to conserve power. As described above, the processor includes functionality that includes an integrator, a differentiator, an amplifier, a comparator, a voltage reference and a current reference for processing the analog input signals. The processor receives analog signals from a source, such as, a current transformer, potential transformer, and/or a status input device, and processes the analog signal using the integrator, the differentiator, the amplifier, the comparator, the voltage reference and the current reference.
- The above-described power distribution system node electronics unit software architecture is cost-effective and highly reliable. The software architecture enables real-time, synchronized monitoring and control of all node electronics units operating on the power distribution system. The software architecture also provides for division of processes into high priority and low priority categories, such that node resources are used efficiently and system latency times may be maintained below predetermined goals. Accordingly, the power distribution system node electronics unit software architecture facilitates protection and monitoring of the power distribution system in a cost-effective and reliable manner.
- Exemplary embodiments of power distribution system node electronics unit components are described above in detail. The components are not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, but rather, components of each system may be utilized independently and separately from other components described herein. Each power distribution system node electronics unit component can also be used in combination with other power distribution system components.
- While the invention has been described in terms of various specific embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the claims.
Claims (32)
1. A method for operating a power distribution system comprising:
interrupting a first process of a node electronics unit with a processor interrupt signal; and
initiating a second process of said node electronics unit with a polling process.
2. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein interrupting of said first process comprises:
interrupting said first process with at least one signal selected from the group consisting of: an internal processor interrupt signal and an external processor interrupt signal; and
servicing the processor interrupt signal with an interrupt handler executing on the node electronics unit.
3. A method in accordance with claim 2 wherein interrupting said first process comprises triggering at least one of recording a local time of an arriving message packet, initiating an A/D converter data sampling and a timer reset, and enabling data sample collection.
4. A method in accordance with claim 3 wherein recording said local time comprises receiving an arriving message packet from a communication interface interrupt.
5. A method in accordance with claim 3 wherein initiating said A/D converter data sampling and timer reset comprises receiving a timer expiration interrupt.
6. A method in accordance with claim 3 wherein enabling said data sample collection comprises receiving an A/D converter data ready interrupt.
7. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein initiating said second process comprises:
setting at least one process execution flag;
polling said at least one process execution flag when a processor interrupt handler is not executing; and
triggering a low priority process with said at least one process execution flag.
8. A method in accordance with claim 1 further comprising setting a follow-on process execution flag to enable execution of a follow-on process.
9. A method in accordance with claim 1 further comprising:
handling interrupts using an operating system; and
scheduling processes using the operating system.
10. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein initiating a second process of said node electronics unit with a polling process further comprises triggering at least one process selected from the group consisting of decoding of received messages and executing received message commands, evaluating communication channel health, conducting a node electronics unit self-evaluation, reading data samples from a node electronics unit A/D converter, executing local protection, logging diagnostic history, logging event history, reading circuit breaker status, reading node identification, determining identification of systems units, updating system unit identification, executing a synchronization routine, adaptively modifying node electronics unit parameters and process execution, and transmitting node electronics unit information to the central control processing unit.
11. A method in accordance with claim 10 wherein said process of adaptively modifying node electronics unit parameters and process execution further comprises adaptively modifying node electronics unit parameters and process execution based on at least one selected from the groups consisting of: system resources, a communication network noise level, a data signal-to-noise ratio, a change in a number of network nodes, a communication channel utilization, a change of authorization of parameters, service requested data, and a change command received from at least one of a remote controller and an external processor.
12. A method in accordance with claim 11 wherein adaptively modifying node electronics unit parameters and process execution based on service requested data further comprises adaptively modifying node electronics unit parameters and process execution based on at least one selected from the group consisting of: system status data, local status data, local health data, communication network data, a data signal-to-noise ratio, event history, and error history.
13. A method in accordance with claim 10 wherein adaptively modifying node electronics unit parameters further comprises adaptively modifying at least one selected from the group consisting of: a local protection function parameter, a communication parameter, a sampling parameter, a diagnostic parameter, and a calibration parameter.
14. A method in accordance with claim 10 wherein adaptively modifying node electronics unit process execution further comprises at least one selected from the groups consisting of: adaptively modifying a condition for triggering a process, adding a new trigger, replacing an existing trigger, replacing an existing process with an alternate process, adding a new process, removing an existing process.
15. A method in accordance with claim 14 replacing an existing process with an alternate process further comprises replacing an existing process with a process resident in the node and a process description received from a remote source wherein a remote source includes at least one selected from the groups consisting of a remote processor, a remote controller, a manual entry, an external process server, an external code server, a storage media, and wherein a process description includes at least one of binary executable, compilable source code, interpretable source code, and references to resident code blocks.
16. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein at least one of the plurality of processors is configured to operate at a first power consumption and to operate at a second, reduced power consumption wherein the power consumption of each configured processor operating at the first power consumption is greater than the power consumption of each configured processor operating at the second power consumption, and wherein the method further comprises operating at least one processor at a reduced power consumption.
17. A method in accordance with claim 16 wherein a first processor is programmed to operate as a primary processor and a second processor is programmed to operate as a secondary processor and wherein the method further comprises:
communicating a status of the secondary processor to the primary processor if power to the node electronics unit is available;
receiving at least one of commands, parameters, status information, and health information from the primary processor; and
reporting at least one of secondary processor status, a secondary processor health, and a secondary processor event to the primary processor.
18. A method in accordance with claim 16 wherein at least one processor is programmed to execute a watchdog timer function, the method further comprising:
generating a first signal;
transmitting the first signal to at least one other processor;
receiving a second signal from another processor; and
determining a health of the other processor based on the second signal.
19. A method in accordance with claim 16 wherein at least one processor is programmed to execute a power supply monitoring function and wherein the method further comprises:
logging power supply events;
determining a health of the power supply; and
transmitting commands based on the determined health.
20. A method in accordance with claim 19 further comprising:
writing power supply status data to a nonvolatile memory;
executing a reduced instruction set to conserve power; and
transferring processing control to a processor operating at reduced power consumption.
21. A method in accordance with claim 16 wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to execute a backup protection function when operating at reduced power consumption and wherein the method further comprises executing the backup protection function using analog signal processing.
22. A method in accordance with claim 21 wherein the processor includes an integrator, a differentiator, an amplifier, a comparator, a voltage reference and a current reference for processing analog input signals and wherein the method further comprises:
receiving an analog signal from a source; and
processing the analog signal using at least one of the integrator, the differentiator, the amplifier, the comparator, the voltage reference and the current reference.
23. A system for operating a power distribution system comprising:
means for interrupting a first process of a node electronics unit with a processor interrupt signal; and
means for initiating a second process of said node electronics unit with a polling process.
24. A system in accordance with claim 23 further comprising:
means for interrupting said first process with at least one signal selected from the group consisting of: an internal processor interrupt signal and an external processor interrupt signal; and
means for servicing the processor interrupt signal with an interrupt handler executing on the node electronics unit.
25. A system in accordance with claim 24 wherein means for interrupting said first process comprises means for triggering at least one of recording a local time of an arriving message packet, initiating an A/D converter data sampling and a timer reset, and enabling data sample collection.
26. A system in accordance with claim 25 wherein recording said local time comprises receiving an arriving message packet from a communication interface interrupt.
27. A system in accordance with claim 25 wherein recording said local time comprises receiving an arriving message packet from a communication interface interrupt.
28. A system in accordance with claim 25 wherein initiating said A/D converter data sampling and timer reset comprises receiving a timer expiration interrupt.
29. A system in accordance with claim 23 means for initiating said second process comprises:
means for setting at least one process execution flag;
means for polling said at least one process execution flag when a processor interrupt handler is not executing; and
means for triggering a low priority process with said at least one process execution flag.
30. A system in accordance with claim 29 further comprising means for triggering at least one process selected from the group consisting of: decoding of received messages and execution of received message commands, evaluation of communication channel health, reading of data samples from a node electronics unit A/D converter, and transmission of node electronics unit information to said central control processing unit.
31. A system in accordance with claim 23 further comprising means for setting a follow-on process execution flag to enable execution of a follow-on process.
32. A system for operating power distribution system comprising:
interrupting a first process of a node electronics unit with a processor interrupt signal;
means for servicing the processor interrupt signal with an interrupt handler executing on the node electronics unit and
initiating a second process of said node electronics unit with a polling process.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/373,677 US20030187520A1 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | Method and apparatus for circuit breaker node software architecture |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US35954402P | 2002-02-25 | 2002-02-25 | |
US43815903P | 2003-01-06 | 2003-01-06 | |
US10/373,677 US20030187520A1 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | Method and apparatus for circuit breaker node software architecture |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20030187520A1 true US20030187520A1 (en) | 2003-10-02 |
Family
ID=27767578
Family Applications (16)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/373,572 Active 2024-04-26 US7151329B2 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | Integrated protection, monitoring, and control system |
US10/373,678 Expired - Lifetime US6892145B2 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | Method and system for conditionally triggered system data capture |
US10/373,641 Active 2024-05-28 US6999291B2 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | Method and apparatus for node electronics unit architecture |
US10/373,629 Expired - Lifetime US6985784B2 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | Configuring a centrally controlled circuit breaker protection system |
US10/373,643 Abandoned US20030225481A1 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | Method and apparatus for optimizing redundant critical control systems |
US10/373,677 Abandoned US20030187520A1 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | Method and apparatus for circuit breaker node software architecture |
US10/373,571 Active 2025-06-04 US7301738B2 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | Method and apparatus for minimally invasive network monitoring |
US10/373,575 Active 2024-06-02 US7068612B2 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | Method for communicating information bundled in digital message packets |
US10/373,574 Active 2024-05-12 US7068483B2 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | Circuit breaker lockout |
US10/373,675 Expired - Fee Related US7058481B2 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | Method and apparatus for centrally-controlled electrical protection system architecture reliability improvement based on sensitivity analysis |
US10/373,583 Active 2024-11-05 US7254001B2 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | Circuit protection system |
US10/373,642 Expired - Lifetime US6909942B2 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | Method for power distribution system components identification, characterization and rating |
US10/373,627 Expired - Lifetime US7117105B2 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | Method and apparatus for ground fault protection |
US10/373,679 Expired - Lifetime US7043340B2 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | Protection system for power distribution systems |
US10/373,676 Expired - Lifetime US6892115B2 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | Method and apparatus for optimized centralized critical control architecture for switchgear and power equipment |
US11/765,913 Expired - Lifetime US8213144B2 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2007-06-20 | Circuit protection system |
Family Applications Before (5)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/373,572 Active 2024-04-26 US7151329B2 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | Integrated protection, monitoring, and control system |
US10/373,678 Expired - Lifetime US6892145B2 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | Method and system for conditionally triggered system data capture |
US10/373,641 Active 2024-05-28 US6999291B2 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | Method and apparatus for node electronics unit architecture |
US10/373,629 Expired - Lifetime US6985784B2 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | Configuring a centrally controlled circuit breaker protection system |
US10/373,643 Abandoned US20030225481A1 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | Method and apparatus for optimizing redundant critical control systems |
Family Applications After (10)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/373,571 Active 2025-06-04 US7301738B2 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | Method and apparatus for minimally invasive network monitoring |
US10/373,575 Active 2024-06-02 US7068612B2 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | Method for communicating information bundled in digital message packets |
US10/373,574 Active 2024-05-12 US7068483B2 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | Circuit breaker lockout |
US10/373,675 Expired - Fee Related US7058481B2 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | Method and apparatus for centrally-controlled electrical protection system architecture reliability improvement based on sensitivity analysis |
US10/373,583 Active 2024-11-05 US7254001B2 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | Circuit protection system |
US10/373,642 Expired - Lifetime US6909942B2 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | Method for power distribution system components identification, characterization and rating |
US10/373,627 Expired - Lifetime US7117105B2 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | Method and apparatus for ground fault protection |
US10/373,679 Expired - Lifetime US7043340B2 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | Protection system for power distribution systems |
US10/373,676 Expired - Lifetime US6892115B2 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | Method and apparatus for optimized centralized critical control architecture for switchgear and power equipment |
US11/765,913 Expired - Lifetime US8213144B2 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2007-06-20 | Circuit protection system |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (16) | US7151329B2 (en) |
EP (7) | EP1478985B1 (en) |
CN (8) | CN1639939B (en) |
AU (18) | AU2003225594A1 (en) |
WO (18) | WO2003073571A2 (en) |
Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005107035A2 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2005-11-10 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Power supply device |
US20080010472A1 (en) * | 2006-07-05 | 2008-01-10 | Eaton Corporation | Circuit interrupter and method modulating configurable processor clock to provide reduced current consumption |
US20090195349A1 (en) * | 2008-02-01 | 2009-08-06 | Energyhub | System and method for home energy monitor and control |
US20090314615A1 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2009-12-24 | Bruno Christensen | Motor operator for switchgear for mains power distribution systems |
US20110061014A1 (en) * | 2008-02-01 | 2011-03-10 | Energyhub | Interfacing to resource consumption management devices |
US20110063126A1 (en) * | 2008-02-01 | 2011-03-17 | Energyhub | Communications hub for resource consumption management |
US20130007562A1 (en) * | 2011-07-01 | 2013-01-03 | Apple Inc. | Controller Interface Providing Improved Data Reliability |
WO2013062577A1 (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-02 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Management of a computer |
US20130151178A1 (en) * | 2010-08-11 | 2013-06-13 | Hanbit Power Tech Co., Ltd | Apparatus and Method for Measuring Electric Power |
US20140226248A1 (en) * | 2013-02-13 | 2014-08-14 | General Electric Company | Apparatus, systems, and methods for operation of a trip unit in a circuit protection device |
JP2014225976A (en) * | 2013-05-16 | 2014-12-04 | 富士電機株式会社 | Power flow controller for power distribution system, power flow control system for power distribution system, power flow control method for power distribution system, and program |
JP2016092881A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2016-05-23 | 有限会社バベッジ | Breaker and breaker device control |
CN110121818A (en) * | 2017-01-06 | 2019-08-13 | 伊顿智能动力有限公司 | Control system for electric device |
CN110752673A (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2020-02-04 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司嘉兴供电公司 | System and method for realizing intelligent linkage processing of main and auxiliary control of transformer substation based on event chain |
CN111561397A (en) * | 2019-02-13 | 2020-08-21 | 普拉特 - 惠特尼加拿大公司 | Method and system for starting an engine |
EP3731034A1 (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2020-10-28 | General Electric Technology GmbH | Systems and methods for controlling a power |
US11016453B2 (en) | 2018-04-05 | 2021-05-25 | General Electric Technology Gmbh | Systems and methods for controlling a power generation unit |
US11054877B2 (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2021-07-06 | Intel Corporation | Power management based on real time platform power sensing |
CN113300326A (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2021-08-24 | 罗克韦尔自动化技术公司 | Gateway interface for enhancing circuit breaker disconnection |
US20230090370A1 (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2023-03-23 | Schneider Electric USA, Inc. | A lighted visual trip indicator module for circuit breakers |
Families Citing this family (470)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20010032278A1 (en) | 1997-10-07 | 2001-10-18 | Brown Stephen J. | Remote generation and distribution of command programs for programmable devices |
US7904194B2 (en) | 2001-02-09 | 2011-03-08 | Roy-G-Biv Corporation | Event management systems and methods for motion control systems |
ES2673094T3 (en) | 2001-04-20 | 2018-06-19 | Wobben Properties Gmbh | Procedure to operate a wind power installation |
DE10119624A1 (en) * | 2001-04-20 | 2002-11-21 | Aloys Wobben | Operating wind energy plant involves regulating power delivered from generator to electrical load, especially of electrical network, depending on current delivered to the load |
JP3693337B2 (en) * | 2001-09-10 | 2005-09-07 | デンセイ・ラムダ株式会社 | Power system wiring diagram creation system, and power supply equipment and program used therefor |
US20030212473A1 (en) * | 2002-02-25 | 2003-11-13 | General Electric Company | Processing system for a power distribution system |
US7747356B2 (en) * | 2002-02-25 | 2010-06-29 | General Electric Company | Integrated protection, monitoring, and control system |
EP1478985B1 (en) * | 2002-02-25 | 2019-04-03 | ABB Schweiz AG | Data sample and transmission modules for power distribution systems |
BRPI0314881B1 (en) * | 2002-10-25 | 2019-01-08 | S & C Electric Co | system and method for controlling distribution of electricity through a grid |
EP1559178B1 (en) * | 2002-11-04 | 2013-09-18 | Raytheon Company | Intelligent power system |
JP2006509489A (en) * | 2002-12-06 | 2006-03-16 | エレクトリック パワー リサーチ インスチテュート インコーポレイテッド | Non-stop power supply and power generation system |
US20040153303A1 (en) * | 2002-12-30 | 2004-08-05 | Le Tang | Efficient process for time dependent network model in an energy market simulation system |
US7986503B2 (en) * | 2003-01-06 | 2011-07-26 | General Electric Company | Circuit protection system |
JP3954511B2 (en) * | 2003-03-14 | 2007-08-08 | 株式会社東芝 | Power distribution system monitoring and control device |
JP3851617B2 (en) * | 2003-05-27 | 2006-11-29 | ファナック株式会社 | Motor drive device |
US7827248B2 (en) * | 2003-06-13 | 2010-11-02 | Randy Oyadomari | Discovery and self-organization of topology in multi-chassis systems |
WO2005003972A2 (en) * | 2003-06-24 | 2005-01-13 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for checking the safety and reliability of a software-based electronic system |
US8190722B2 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2012-05-29 | Randy Oyadomari | Synchronization of timestamps to compensate for communication latency between devices |
EP1639488B1 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2013-11-06 | JDS Uniphase Corporation | Propagation of signals between devices for triggering capture of network data |
US20060064503A1 (en) * | 2003-09-25 | 2006-03-23 | Brown David W | Data routing systems and methods |
US8027349B2 (en) | 2003-09-25 | 2011-09-27 | Roy-G-Biv Corporation | Database event driven motion systems |
US20050116814A1 (en) * | 2003-10-24 | 2005-06-02 | Rodgers Barry N. | Intelligent power management control system |
DE10349906A1 (en) * | 2003-10-25 | 2005-05-25 | Abb Patent Gmbh | control unit |
ES2243120B1 (en) * | 2003-11-03 | 2007-03-16 | Hitea-Hidraulica E Integracion De Tecnologias De Automatizacion, S.L. | LINE SUPERVISOR FOR NETWORK OF REMOTE CONTROL STATIONS INTERCONNECTED THROUGH ELECTRICAL CABLE. |
RU2270469C2 (en) * | 2004-03-11 | 2006-02-20 | Олег Алексеевич Суханов | System for controlling modes of electric energy based systems |
US7203040B2 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2007-04-10 | Gaton Corporation | Method and circuit breaker for reducing arc flash during maintenance in a low voltage power circuit |
US20050243491A1 (en) * | 2004-04-28 | 2005-11-03 | James Tanis | Multi-function power monitor and circuit protector |
US7363195B2 (en) * | 2004-07-07 | 2008-04-22 | Sensarray Corporation | Methods of configuring a sensor network |
US20060015611A1 (en) * | 2004-07-16 | 2006-01-19 | Sbc Knowledge Ventures, Lp | System and method for proactively recognizing an inadequate network connection |
DE102004039810A1 (en) * | 2004-08-11 | 2006-02-23 | MERLINAMO Vermögensverwaltung GmbH | Device for controlling the power supply of at least one data-technical device |
DE112004002933B4 (en) * | 2004-08-11 | 2011-01-20 | Netchilli Gmbh | Device for controlling the flow of energy between a power supply network and an electrical device connected thereto |
WO2006052524A1 (en) * | 2004-11-01 | 2006-05-18 | Centerpoint Energy, Inc. | Current sensing bar |
US7808128B1 (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2010-10-05 | Dgi Creations, Llc | Remote monitoring of control decisions for network protectors |
DK1820034T3 (en) | 2004-11-18 | 2010-02-01 | Powersense As | Compensation of simple fiber optic Faraday power sensors |
US8621117B2 (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2013-12-31 | Abb Research Ltd. | Intelligent configuration system for power distribution feeder reclosers and switches |
US7826932B2 (en) * | 2004-12-10 | 2010-11-02 | General Electric Company | Systems and methods for updating graphical representations on multiple interface devices |
US20060146462A1 (en) * | 2005-01-04 | 2006-07-06 | Andy Hines | Enhanced safety stop device for pools and spas |
ITBO20050023A1 (en) * | 2005-01-19 | 2006-07-20 | Raffaelli Marcello | METHOD FOR DETECTION AND LOCALIZATION OF A GROUND FAULT IN AN ELECTRIC LINE |
US20070061460A1 (en) * | 2005-03-24 | 2007-03-15 | Jumpnode Systems,Llc | Remote access |
US20060218267A1 (en) * | 2005-03-24 | 2006-09-28 | Khan Irfan Z | Network, system, and application monitoring |
US20060241881A1 (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-26 | Gasperi Michael L | Networked power line parameter analysis method and system |
US7525782B1 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2009-04-28 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Adaptive protection algorithm and system |
US7571028B2 (en) * | 2005-04-19 | 2009-08-04 | Genscape Intangible Holding, Inc. | Method and system for AC power grid monitoring |
JP4549921B2 (en) * | 2005-04-28 | 2010-09-22 | 富士通株式会社 | Laying net, laying net communication node and laying net communication method |
US7535686B2 (en) * | 2005-06-08 | 2009-05-19 | General Electric Company | Control of circuit breakers in a multi-phase power system |
US8250163B2 (en) * | 2005-06-09 | 2012-08-21 | Whirlpool Corporation | Smart coupling device |
EP1734636B1 (en) * | 2005-06-16 | 2013-05-29 | Adhoco AG | Switchbox |
US8024390B2 (en) * | 2005-07-01 | 2011-09-20 | Schneider Electric USA, Inc. | Automated data alignment based upon indirect device relationships |
US7272518B2 (en) * | 2005-07-01 | 2007-09-18 | Square D Company | Automated hierarchy classification in utility monitoring systems |
US7349815B2 (en) * | 2005-07-01 | 2008-03-25 | Square D Company | Automated integration of data in utility monitoring systems |
US7684441B2 (en) * | 2005-07-01 | 2010-03-23 | Bickel Jon A | Automated precision alignment of data in a utility monitoring system |
EP1925064A2 (en) * | 2005-09-12 | 2008-05-28 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | Panel layout for an integrated power distribution system |
US7714735B2 (en) | 2005-09-13 | 2010-05-11 | Daniel Rockwell | Monitoring electrical assets for fault and efficiency correction |
ITTO20050712A1 (en) | 2005-10-07 | 2007-04-08 | Ansaldo Ricerche S P A | ELECTRICITY GENERATION SYSTEM |
ITTO20050711A1 (en) * | 2005-10-07 | 2007-04-08 | Ansaldo Ricerche S P A | RECONFIGURABLE ENERGY DISTRIBUTION NETWORK |
US7301739B2 (en) * | 2005-10-12 | 2007-11-27 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Ground-fault circuit-interrupter system for three-phase electrical power systems |
US8032766B2 (en) * | 2005-11-14 | 2011-10-04 | Zippy Technology Corp. | Machine boot up protection structure for parallel power supply equipment |
US7402999B2 (en) * | 2005-11-30 | 2008-07-22 | General Electric Company | Pulsed eddy current pipeline inspection system and method |
US20070159746A1 (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2007-07-12 | General Electric Company | Centrally controlled protection systems having reduced energy let-through mode |
US20110172840A1 (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2011-07-14 | Radoslaw Narel | Centrally controlled protection system having reduced energy let-through mode |
US8032260B2 (en) * | 2005-11-30 | 2011-10-04 | General Electric Company | Method and system for controlling a power distribution system |
EP1795481A1 (en) * | 2005-12-07 | 2007-06-13 | Inventio Ag | Installation system and method for elevators |
US7623043B2 (en) * | 2005-12-19 | 2009-11-24 | General Electric Company | Method and system for metering consumption of energy |
JP5025659B2 (en) * | 2005-12-20 | 2012-09-12 | ブラッドレー・リートン・ロス | Power distribution system with multiple functional zones that can be individually isolated |
AU2008100118B4 (en) * | 2005-12-20 | 2008-04-10 | Bradley Leighton Ross | Power distribution system with individually isolatable functional zones |
US7463989B2 (en) | 2005-12-21 | 2008-12-09 | General Electric Company | Waveform recorder apparatus and method |
US7430482B2 (en) | 2005-12-21 | 2008-09-30 | General Electric Company | Waveform recorder apparatus and method |
US7554796B2 (en) | 2006-01-20 | 2009-06-30 | Adc Telecommunications, Inc. | Modular power distribution system and methods |
CA2641289C (en) * | 2006-02-06 | 2014-08-05 | S & C Electric Company | Coordinated fault protection system |
US7369921B2 (en) * | 2006-02-10 | 2008-05-06 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | Power distribution expert system |
US8036872B2 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2011-10-11 | Edsa Micro Corporation | Systems and methods for performing automatic real-time harmonics analyses for use in real-time power analytics of an electrical power distribution system |
US7729808B2 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2010-06-01 | Edsa Micro Corporation | System for comparing real-time data and modeling engine data to predict arc flash events |
US20160246905A1 (en) * | 2006-02-14 | 2016-08-25 | Power Analytics Corporation | Method For Predicting Arc Flash Energy And PPE Category Within A Real-Time Monitoring System |
US7844439B2 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2010-11-30 | Edsa Micro Corporation | Systems and methods for real-time protective device evaluation in an electrical power distribution system |
US20170046458A1 (en) | 2006-02-14 | 2017-02-16 | Power Analytics Corporation | Systems and methods for real-time dc microgrid power analytics for mission-critical power systems |
US8959006B2 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2015-02-17 | Power Analytics Corporation | Systems and methods for automatic real-time capacity assessment for use in real-time power analytics of an electrical power distribution system |
US9557723B2 (en) | 2006-07-19 | 2017-01-31 | Power Analytics Corporation | Real-time predictive systems for intelligent energy monitoring and management of electrical power networks |
US9092593B2 (en) | 2007-09-25 | 2015-07-28 | Power Analytics Corporation | Systems and methods for intuitive modeling of complex networks in a digital environment |
US7826990B2 (en) * | 2006-02-14 | 2010-11-02 | Edsa Micro Corporation | Systems and methods for real-time system monitoring and predictive analysis |
US7539550B2 (en) * | 2006-02-23 | 2009-05-26 | Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. | Safety versus availability graphical user interface |
US7657814B2 (en) * | 2006-02-23 | 2010-02-02 | Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. | Optimizing availability and safety by reconfiguring and auto-adjusting redundancy |
US7646575B2 (en) * | 2006-03-09 | 2010-01-12 | Utility Relay Co., Ltd. | Manually-controlled arc flash energy reduction system and method for circuit breaker trip units |
US7840396B2 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2010-11-23 | Edsa Micro Corporation | Systems and methods for determining protective device clearing times used for providing real-time predictions about arc flash events |
US8112247B2 (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2012-02-07 | International Business Machines Corporation | Resource adaptive spectrum estimation of streaming data |
US7693608B2 (en) * | 2006-04-12 | 2010-04-06 | Edsa Micro Corporation | Systems and methods for alarm filtering and management within a real-time data acquisition and monitoring environment |
US8126685B2 (en) * | 2006-04-12 | 2012-02-28 | Edsa Micro Corporation | Automatic real-time optimization and intelligent control of electrical power distribution and transmission systems |
FR2900637B1 (en) * | 2006-05-04 | 2009-02-13 | Airbus France Sas | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MANAGING THE ACTIVATION OR DEACTIVATION OF ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLIES IN ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS ON BOARD AN AIRCRAFT |
US20070263649A1 (en) * | 2006-05-12 | 2007-11-15 | Genti Cuni | Network diagnostic systems and methods for capturing network messages |
US7280931B1 (en) * | 2006-05-18 | 2007-10-09 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and system for calibrating an electrical device |
US20070271383A1 (en) * | 2006-05-18 | 2007-11-22 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and system for managing an electrical device over a power delivery network |
US20070279068A1 (en) * | 2006-05-31 | 2007-12-06 | Harres Daniel N | Power diagnostic system and method |
ATE474365T1 (en) * | 2006-08-16 | 2010-07-15 | Siemens Ag | ARRANGEMENT WITH AT LEAST ONE MEASURING DEVICE CONNECTED TO AN ENERGY TRANSMISSION NETWORK AND METHOD FOR OPERATING THE SAME |
US7693607B2 (en) * | 2006-09-07 | 2010-04-06 | General Electric Company | Protection and control system for electric power networks with signal and command interfaces at the primary equipment |
US8319372B2 (en) * | 2006-09-22 | 2012-11-27 | Siemens Industry, Inc. | EIB protocol in an integrated power distribution system |
US7558651B2 (en) * | 2006-09-22 | 2009-07-07 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | Dynamic setup wizard in lighting control system commissioning |
US7787223B2 (en) * | 2006-10-19 | 2010-08-31 | Siemens Industry, Inc. | Electronic breaker system |
ATE550822T1 (en) * | 2006-10-20 | 2012-04-15 | Abb Technology Ag | MEDIUM OR HIGH VOLTAGE ENERGY DISTRIBUTION CABINET WITH INTEGRATED DIGITAL COMMUNICATION AND MULTIFUNCTIONAL COMPONENT |
EP2087365A4 (en) * | 2006-10-27 | 2011-12-07 | Outsmart Power Systems Llc | Apparatus and method for mapping a wired network |
US20080224546A1 (en) * | 2006-11-27 | 2008-09-18 | Teselle John Arthur | Method to analyze system reconfiguration for automated isolation of disturbances to the power distribution system |
WO2008067299A2 (en) * | 2006-11-27 | 2008-06-05 | Firstenergy Corp. | Method and system for isolating disturbances to the power distribution system |
EP2097758A2 (en) * | 2006-11-30 | 2009-09-09 | North Sensor A/S | Faraday effect current sensor |
US20080142486A1 (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2008-06-19 | Nataniel Barbosa Vicente | Circuit breaker with adjustable arc-flash protection and wireless sensor and method of use |
US7561393B2 (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2009-07-14 | General Electric Company | Circuit protection system |
KR100857393B1 (en) | 2006-12-29 | 2008-09-05 | 엘에스산전 주식회사 | Apparatus and method for remotely controlling Air Circuit Breaker |
US7542256B2 (en) | 2006-12-29 | 2009-06-02 | General Electric Company | Relay device and corresponding method |
US7599161B2 (en) * | 2006-12-29 | 2009-10-06 | General Electric Company | Relay device and corresponding method |
US20080167827A1 (en) * | 2007-01-05 | 2008-07-10 | Mcallister Sara C | Two-stage high impedance fault detection |
US8350417B1 (en) | 2007-01-30 | 2013-01-08 | Sunpower Corporation | Method and apparatus for monitoring energy consumption of a customer structure |
EP2122428B1 (en) * | 2007-02-08 | 2011-04-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and system for determining reliability parameters of a technical installation |
US7570471B2 (en) * | 2007-02-20 | 2009-08-04 | Utility Relay Company | Circuit breaker trip unit with zone selective interlock and system monitoring |
DE102007010568A1 (en) * | 2007-02-23 | 2008-08-28 | Siemens Ag | Energy distribution device, in particular low-voltage power distribution device |
US7751166B2 (en) * | 2007-03-16 | 2010-07-06 | Abb Technology Ag | Advanced feeder architecture with automated power restoration |
US7805204B2 (en) * | 2007-03-21 | 2010-09-28 | Honeywell International Inc. | Integrated electrical power distribution system using common building blocks |
US7929260B2 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2011-04-19 | General Electric Company | Arc flash elimination system, apparatus, and method |
ITPR20070027A1 (en) * | 2007-04-11 | 2008-10-12 | Sanviti Elettrocostruzioni S R | MANAGEMENT DEVICE FOR AN ELECTRIC USER |
US8081726B2 (en) * | 2007-05-10 | 2011-12-20 | Schneider Electric USA, Inc. | Method and apparatus for synchronizing data in utility system |
GB0709042D0 (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2007-06-20 | Deepstream Technologies Ltd | Method and apparatus for executing secondary functions on an electrical switchgear device |
GB2449677A (en) * | 2007-06-01 | 2008-12-03 | Kevin Jones | A system for identifying a risk of fire in a power network |
EP2101394A1 (en) * | 2008-03-10 | 2009-09-16 | ABB Research Ltd. | Distribution controller |
US8207858B2 (en) * | 2007-08-07 | 2012-06-26 | Cooper Technologies Company | Monitoring systems and methods for ensuring a proper use of personal protective equipment for potential hazards presented to a person while servicing an electrical power system |
CN101884196B (en) * | 2007-08-16 | 2012-11-07 | Nxp股份有限公司 | System and method providing fault detection capability |
US9136711B2 (en) | 2007-08-21 | 2015-09-15 | Electro Industries/Gauge Tech | System and method for synchronizing multiple generators with an electrical power distribution system |
US8890505B2 (en) | 2007-08-28 | 2014-11-18 | Causam Energy, Inc. | System and method for estimating and providing dispatchable operating reserve energy capacity through use of active load management |
US7715951B2 (en) | 2007-08-28 | 2010-05-11 | Consert, Inc. | System and method for managing consumption of power supplied by an electric utility |
US8131403B2 (en) * | 2007-08-28 | 2012-03-06 | Consert, Inc. | System and method for determining and utilizing customer energy profiles for load control for individual structures, devices, and aggregation of same |
US8996183B2 (en) | 2007-08-28 | 2015-03-31 | Consert Inc. | System and method for estimating and providing dispatchable operating reserve energy capacity through use of active load management |
US9177323B2 (en) | 2007-08-28 | 2015-11-03 | Causam Energy, Inc. | Systems and methods for determining and utilizing customer energy profiles for load control for individual structures, devices, and aggregation of same |
US8700187B2 (en) | 2007-08-28 | 2014-04-15 | Consert Inc. | Method and apparatus for actively managing consumption of electric power supplied by one or more electric utilities |
US8145361B2 (en) * | 2007-08-28 | 2012-03-27 | Consert, Inc. | System and method for manipulating controlled energy using devices to manage customer bills |
US8542685B2 (en) * | 2007-08-28 | 2013-09-24 | Consert, Inc. | System and method for priority delivery of load management messages on IP-based networks |
US8527107B2 (en) * | 2007-08-28 | 2013-09-03 | Consert Inc. | Method and apparatus for effecting controlled restart of electrical servcie with a utility service area |
US20100235008A1 (en) * | 2007-08-28 | 2010-09-16 | Forbes Jr Joseph W | System and method for determining carbon credits utilizing two-way devices that report power usage data |
US20090063228A1 (en) * | 2007-08-28 | 2009-03-05 | Forbes Jr Joseph W | Method and apparatus for providing a virtual electric utility |
US9130402B2 (en) | 2007-08-28 | 2015-09-08 | Causam Energy, Inc. | System and method for generating and providing dispatchable operating reserve energy capacity through use of active load management |
US10295969B2 (en) | 2007-08-28 | 2019-05-21 | Causam Energy, Inc. | System and method for generating and providing dispatchable operating reserve energy capacity through use of active load management |
US8260470B2 (en) * | 2007-08-28 | 2012-09-04 | Consert, Inc. | System and method for selective disconnection of electrical service to end customers |
US8805552B2 (en) | 2007-08-28 | 2014-08-12 | Causam Energy, Inc. | Method and apparatus for actively managing consumption of electric power over an electric power grid |
US8806239B2 (en) | 2007-08-28 | 2014-08-12 | Causam Energy, Inc. | System, method, and apparatus for actively managing consumption of electric power supplied by one or more electric power grid operators |
DE102007042752B4 (en) * | 2007-09-07 | 2009-06-04 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Method for analyzing the reliability of technical installations using physical models |
US20090076628A1 (en) * | 2007-09-18 | 2009-03-19 | David Mark Smith | Methods and apparatus to upgrade and provide control redundancy in process plants |
US7952842B2 (en) * | 2007-09-27 | 2011-05-31 | Eaton Corporation | Circuit interrupter |
AU2008356120A1 (en) * | 2007-11-07 | 2009-11-12 | Edsa Micro Corporation | Systems and methods for real-time forecasting and predicting of electrical peaks and managing the energy, health, reliability, and performance of electrical power systems based on an artificial adaptive neural network |
US7992014B2 (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2011-08-02 | International Business Machines Corporation | Administering power supplies in a data center |
KR100964079B1 (en) * | 2008-02-05 | 2010-06-16 | 엘에스산전 주식회사 | Energy Management System |
US7888818B2 (en) * | 2008-02-22 | 2011-02-15 | Liebert Corporation | Substation based high voltage uninterruptible power supply |
EP2258034B1 (en) * | 2008-03-05 | 2017-05-17 | Landis+Gyr AG | Ripple control system for a supply area |
US8462004B2 (en) | 2008-04-03 | 2013-06-11 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and arrangement for generating an error signal |
US8103387B2 (en) * | 2008-04-28 | 2012-01-24 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Adaptive power system |
AU2015230786B2 (en) * | 2008-05-09 | 2016-09-08 | Accenture Global Services Limited | Method and system for managing a power grid |
US8892375B2 (en) * | 2008-05-09 | 2014-11-18 | Accenture Global Services Limited | Power grid outage and fault condition management |
JP5616330B2 (en) * | 2008-05-09 | 2014-10-29 | アクセンチュア グローバル サービスィズ リミテッド | Method and system for managing a power grid |
US20110004446A1 (en) * | 2008-12-15 | 2011-01-06 | Accenture Global Services Gmbh | Intelligent network |
US20090292485A1 (en) * | 2008-05-23 | 2009-11-26 | Van Gorp John C | System and Method for Synchronized Measurements |
US20140174056A1 (en) | 2008-06-02 | 2014-06-26 | United Technologies Corporation | Gas turbine engine with low stage count low pressure turbine |
US8128021B2 (en) | 2008-06-02 | 2012-03-06 | United Technologies Corporation | Engine mount system for a turbofan gas turbine engine |
US8230266B2 (en) * | 2008-06-03 | 2012-07-24 | General Electric Company | System and method for trip event data acquisition and wind turbine incorporating same |
US8563888B2 (en) * | 2008-06-11 | 2013-10-22 | General Electric Company | Arc containment device and method |
AT507025A1 (en) * | 2008-06-18 | 2010-01-15 | Moeller Gebaeudeautomation Gmb | ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION ARRANGEMENT |
US7948343B2 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2011-05-24 | Eaton Corporation | Settings emulator for a circuit interrupter trip unit and system including the same |
US8429267B2 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2013-04-23 | Schneider Electric USA, Inc. | Web services enabled device and browser gadgets coupled with data storage service and web portal |
US8144442B1 (en) * | 2008-07-03 | 2012-03-27 | Google Inc. | Power protection in a multi-level power hierarchy |
US7809833B2 (en) * | 2008-07-15 | 2010-10-05 | International Business Machines Corporation | Asymmetric dynamic server clustering with inter-cluster workload balancing |
EP2304633A4 (en) * | 2008-07-18 | 2012-02-29 | Edsa Micro Corp | A method for predicting symmetric, automated, real-time arc flash energy within a real-time monitoring system |
US8665102B2 (en) * | 2008-07-18 | 2014-03-04 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories Inc | Transceiver interface for power system monitoring |
GB0813916D0 (en) * | 2008-07-31 | 2008-09-03 | Rolls Royce Plc | A Protection arrangement |
US8120886B2 (en) * | 2008-09-04 | 2012-02-21 | General Electric Company | Circuit breaker closing actuator and method of operation |
EP2329576B1 (en) | 2008-09-19 | 2016-03-30 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Electro-optical radiation collector for arc flash detection |
CA2736009C (en) | 2008-09-19 | 2013-07-16 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Arc flash protection with self-test |
MX2011002463A (en) * | 2008-09-19 | 2011-04-05 | Schweitzer Engineering Lab Inc | Validation of arc flash detection systems. |
CA2736007C (en) * | 2008-09-19 | 2014-11-18 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Protective device with metering and oscillography |
US8593769B2 (en) * | 2008-09-19 | 2013-11-26 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories Inc | Secure arc flash detection |
FR2936661B1 (en) * | 2008-10-01 | 2015-05-01 | Jean Jacques Carrillo | ELECTRICAL NETWORK ARCHITECTURE FOR CONFINED ENVIRONMENTS INCORPORATING SOURCES OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY. |
FR2936662B1 (en) * | 2008-10-01 | 2015-04-24 | Jean Jacques Carrillo | METHOD FOR ORGANIZING AN ELECTRICAL NETWORK COMPRISING SEVERAL ENERGY SOURCES, DISTRIBUTOR AND INSTALLATIONS |
US8144438B2 (en) * | 2008-10-03 | 2012-03-27 | General Electric Company | Motor control center communication system |
KR101081982B1 (en) * | 2008-10-23 | 2011-11-10 | 한국전력공사 | Vibration Monitering and Diagnostic System for Large Power Transformer |
US8661165B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2014-02-25 | Lennox Industries, Inc. | Device abstraction system and method for a distributed architecture heating, ventilation and air conditioning system |
US8543243B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2013-09-24 | Lennox Industries, Inc. | System and method of use for a user interface dashboard of a heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US8437877B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2013-05-07 | Lennox Industries Inc. | System recovery in a heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US9432208B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2016-08-30 | Lennox Industries Inc. | Device abstraction system and method for a distributed architecture heating, ventilation and air conditioning system |
US8774210B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2014-07-08 | Lennox Industries, Inc. | Communication protocol system and method for a distributed-architecture heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US8762666B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2014-06-24 | Lennox Industries, Inc. | Backup and restoration of operation control data in a heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US8239066B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2012-08-07 | Lennox Industries Inc. | System and method of use for a user interface dashboard of a heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US8655490B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2014-02-18 | Lennox Industries, Inc. | System and method of use for a user interface dashboard of a heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US8452456B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2013-05-28 | Lennox Industries Inc. | System and method of use for a user interface dashboard of a heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US8788100B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2014-07-22 | Lennox Industries Inc. | System and method for zoning a distributed-architecture heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US8463443B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2013-06-11 | Lennox Industries, Inc. | Memory recovery scheme and data structure in a heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US8655491B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2014-02-18 | Lennox Industries Inc. | Alarm and diagnostics system and method for a distributed architecture heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US9678486B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2017-06-13 | Lennox Industries Inc. | Device abstraction system and method for a distributed-architecture heating, ventilation and air conditioning system |
US8442693B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2013-05-14 | Lennox Industries, Inc. | System and method of use for a user interface dashboard of a heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US9325517B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2016-04-26 | Lennox Industries Inc. | Device abstraction system and method for a distributed-architecture heating, ventilation and air conditioning system |
US8433446B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2013-04-30 | Lennox Industries, Inc. | Alarm and diagnostics system and method for a distributed-architecture heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US8994539B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2015-03-31 | Lennox Industries, Inc. | Alarm and diagnostics system and method for a distributed-architecture heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US8352081B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2013-01-08 | Lennox Industries Inc. | Communication protocol system and method for a distributed-architecture heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US8725298B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2014-05-13 | Lennox Industries, Inc. | Alarm and diagnostics system and method for a distributed architecture heating, ventilation and conditioning network |
US9261888B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2016-02-16 | Lennox Industries Inc. | System and method of use for a user interface dashboard of a heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US9377768B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2016-06-28 | Lennox Industries Inc. | Memory recovery scheme and data structure in a heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US8600559B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2013-12-03 | Lennox Industries Inc. | Method of controlling equipment in a heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US9268345B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2016-02-23 | Lennox Industries Inc. | System and method of use for a user interface dashboard of a heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US8694164B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2014-04-08 | Lennox Industries, Inc. | Interactive user guidance interface for a heating, ventilation and air conditioning system |
US8564400B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2013-10-22 | Lennox Industries, Inc. | Communication protocol system and method for a distributed-architecture heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US8463442B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2013-06-11 | Lennox Industries, Inc. | Alarm and diagnostics system and method for a distributed architecture heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US8798796B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2014-08-05 | Lennox Industries Inc. | General control techniques in a heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US9632490B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2017-04-25 | Lennox Industries Inc. | System and method for zoning a distributed architecture heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US8295981B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2012-10-23 | Lennox Industries Inc. | Device commissioning in a heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US8855825B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2014-10-07 | Lennox Industries Inc. | Device abstraction system and method for a distributed-architecture heating, ventilation and air conditioning system |
US8600558B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2013-12-03 | Lennox Industries Inc. | System recovery in a heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US8560125B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2013-10-15 | Lennox Industries | Communication protocol system and method for a distributed-architecture heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US8255086B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2012-08-28 | Lennox Industries Inc. | System recovery in a heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US8615326B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2013-12-24 | Lennox Industries Inc. | System and method of use for a user interface dashboard of a heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US9651925B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2017-05-16 | Lennox Industries Inc. | System and method for zoning a distributed-architecture heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US8874815B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2014-10-28 | Lennox Industries, Inc. | Communication protocol system and method for a distributed architecture heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US8437878B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2013-05-07 | Lennox Industries Inc. | Alarm and diagnostics system and method for a distributed architecture heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US8452906B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2013-05-28 | Lennox Industries, Inc. | Communication protocol system and method for a distributed-architecture heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US8892797B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2014-11-18 | Lennox Industries Inc. | Communication protocol system and method for a distributed-architecture heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US8352080B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2013-01-08 | Lennox Industries Inc. | Communication protocol system and method for a distributed-architecture heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US8548630B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2013-10-01 | Lennox Industries, Inc. | Alarm and diagnostics system and method for a distributed-architecture heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US9152155B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2015-10-06 | Lennox Industries Inc. | Device abstraction system and method for a distributed-architecture heating, ventilation and air conditioning system |
US8802981B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2014-08-12 | Lennox Industries Inc. | Flush wall mount thermostat and in-set mounting plate for a heating, ventilation and air conditioning system |
US8977794B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2015-03-10 | Lennox Industries, Inc. | Communication protocol system and method for a distributed-architecture heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
US8744629B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2014-06-03 | Lennox Industries Inc. | System and method of use for a user interface dashboard of a heating, ventilation and air conditioning network |
JP5248269B2 (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2013-07-31 | 株式会社東芝 | Circuit breaker switching control device and circuit breaker switching control system |
RU2483411C2 (en) * | 2008-12-10 | 2013-05-27 | Сименс Акциенгезелльшафт | Method and device of protection for control of busbars of power supply grid |
MY163732A (en) * | 2008-12-15 | 2017-10-13 | Accenture Global Services Ltd | Power grid outage and fault condition management |
US8121740B2 (en) * | 2008-12-18 | 2012-02-21 | Abb Research Ltd. | Feeder automation for an electric power distribution system |
US8207742B2 (en) * | 2008-12-31 | 2012-06-26 | General Electric Company | Directional zone select interlock method |
US7982336B2 (en) * | 2009-02-16 | 2011-07-19 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Power sharing with stackable switches |
WO2010081162A1 (en) * | 2009-01-12 | 2010-07-15 | Grid Logic | Method and devices for stabilizing electric grid power |
WO2010096783A1 (en) * | 2009-02-20 | 2010-08-26 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Dynamic contingency avoidance and mitigation system |
US20100217452A1 (en) * | 2009-02-26 | 2010-08-26 | Mccord Alan | Overlay packet data network for managing energy and method for using same |
GB2468652B (en) * | 2009-03-16 | 2011-08-31 | Ge Aviat Systems Ltd | Electrical power distribution |
US8233254B2 (en) | 2009-04-10 | 2012-07-31 | Honeywell International, Inc. | Method of ensuring the coordinated arc fault protection in a heirarchial power distribution system |
US20100262403A1 (en) * | 2009-04-10 | 2010-10-14 | Bradford White Corporation | Systems and methods for monitoring water heaters or boilers |
US8244406B2 (en) * | 2009-04-17 | 2012-08-14 | Howard University | System and method of monitoring and optimizing power quality in a network |
US8156055B2 (en) * | 2009-05-04 | 2012-04-10 | ThinkEco, Inc. | System and method for utility usage, monitoring and management |
KR101408404B1 (en) | 2009-05-08 | 2014-06-17 | 콘서트 아이엔씨. | System and method for estimating and providing dispatchable operating reserve energy capacity through use of active load management |
US8264840B2 (en) * | 2009-05-15 | 2012-09-11 | NxGen Modular, LLC | Modular data center and associated methods |
BRPI0925064A2 (en) * | 2009-05-29 | 2019-08-27 | Siemens Ag | energy distribution |
WO2010150168A1 (en) * | 2009-06-26 | 2010-12-29 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N. V. | Power distribution apparatus |
US8260579B2 (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2012-09-04 | Schneider Electric USA, Inc. | Automatic identification of multiple power grids using data synchronization |
WO2011005254A1 (en) | 2009-07-08 | 2011-01-13 | Abb Research Ltd | Bus condition monitoring system |
US20110020122A1 (en) * | 2009-07-24 | 2011-01-27 | Honeywell International Inc. | Integrated condition based maintenance system for wind turbines |
US8344994B2 (en) * | 2009-09-11 | 2013-01-01 | General Electric Company | Reduced energy let through mode indication and delay in switching devices |
TWI436230B (en) * | 2009-09-24 | 2014-05-01 | 行政院原子能委員會 核能研究所 | Line-loss analysis method of dc microgrid |
US8300369B2 (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2012-10-30 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | System and method for polyphase ground-fault circuit-interrupters |
US20110082597A1 (en) | 2009-10-01 | 2011-04-07 | Edsa Micro Corporation | Microgrid model based automated real time simulation for market based electric power system optimization |
AU2010303947B2 (en) * | 2009-10-09 | 2014-10-02 | Landis+Gyr Technology, Inc. | Apparatus and method for controlling communications to and from utility service points |
USD648642S1 (en) | 2009-10-21 | 2011-11-15 | Lennox Industries Inc. | Thin cover plate for an electronic system controller |
AU2014100216B4 (en) * | 2009-10-21 | 2014-10-30 | Remsafe Pty Ltd | Remote isolation system, method and apparatus |
EP2491569B1 (en) * | 2009-10-21 | 2020-08-05 | Remsafe Pty Ltd | Remote isolation system, method and apparatus |
USD648641S1 (en) | 2009-10-21 | 2011-11-15 | Lennox Industries Inc. | Thin cover plate for an electronic system controller |
US8401709B2 (en) * | 2009-11-03 | 2013-03-19 | Spirae, Inc. | Dynamic distributed power grid control system |
WO2011054385A1 (en) * | 2009-11-05 | 2011-05-12 | Areva T&D Uk Limited | Method of monitoring the grading margin between time-current characteristics of intelligent electronic devices |
US8121743B2 (en) * | 2009-11-23 | 2012-02-21 | International Business Machines Corporation | Power restoration management method and system |
GB2475717A (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2011-06-01 | Vetco Gray Controls Ltd | Remote monitoring of a power switch in a subsea installation |
US8189311B2 (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2012-05-29 | General Electric Company | Circuit breaker control |
US9007181B2 (en) * | 2010-01-08 | 2015-04-14 | Tyco Fire & Security Gmbh | Method and system for discovery and transparent status reporting for sensor networks |
US10137542B2 (en) | 2010-01-14 | 2018-11-27 | Senvion Gmbh | Wind turbine rotor blade components and machine for making same |
EP2752577B1 (en) | 2010-01-14 | 2020-04-01 | Senvion GmbH | Wind turbine rotor blade components and methods of making same |
FR2955431B1 (en) * | 2010-01-15 | 2011-12-23 | Schneider Electric Ind Sas | CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICE FOR AN ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION |
US8583582B2 (en) * | 2010-01-28 | 2013-11-12 | Schneider Electric USA, Inc. | Robust automated hierarchical determination for power monitoring systems |
US20110191514A1 (en) * | 2010-01-29 | 2011-08-04 | Inventec Corporation | Server system |
EP2533388B1 (en) * | 2010-02-03 | 2016-10-19 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Digital protection control system and digital protection control apparatus |
US8260444B2 (en) | 2010-02-17 | 2012-09-04 | Lennox Industries Inc. | Auxiliary controller of a HVAC system |
EP2539812B1 (en) * | 2010-02-23 | 2019-09-04 | LG Electronics Inc. | An execution method of one function of a plurality of functions at a component |
US20110213510A1 (en) * | 2010-03-01 | 2011-09-01 | Koorosh Mozayeny | Smart power strip |
CN102195286B (en) * | 2010-03-16 | 2014-06-18 | 施耐德东芝换流器欧洲公司 | Parallel-connection decoupling circuit for realizing parallel-connection direct-current network management |
US10773327B2 (en) * | 2010-06-17 | 2020-09-15 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | System and method for limiting welding output and ancillary features |
US8385035B2 (en) | 2010-07-16 | 2013-02-26 | General Electric Company | Protection system having reduced energy let-through mode and zone selectivity |
EP2599183B1 (en) * | 2010-07-29 | 2016-11-30 | Spirae Inc. | Dynamic distributed power grid control system |
WO2012015507A1 (en) * | 2010-07-29 | 2012-02-02 | Spirae, Inc. | Dynamic distributed power grid control system |
RU2541911C2 (en) | 2010-07-30 | 2015-02-20 | Эксенчер Глоубл Сервисиз Лимитед | Intelligent system kernel |
CN101944771B (en) * | 2010-08-13 | 2012-07-25 | 上海思源弘瑞自动化有限公司 | Secondary loop panoramic state monitoring system for electric operating mechanism of circuit breaker |
US8766479B2 (en) | 2010-09-01 | 2014-07-01 | Kohler Co. | System and method for paralleling electrical power generators |
US8564915B2 (en) | 2010-09-08 | 2013-10-22 | General Electric Company | Methods, systems, and apparatus for detecting arc flash events using light and time discrimination |
CN101950945B (en) * | 2010-09-08 | 2014-01-08 | 郭勒铭 | Fireproof intelligent circuit breaker for dynamic detection, static detection and zero cutoff |
EP2638479A4 (en) | 2010-11-12 | 2015-07-15 | Outsmart Power Systems Llc | Maintaining information integrity while minimizing network utilization of accumulated data in a distributed network |
US8589198B2 (en) | 2010-11-18 | 2013-11-19 | General Electric Company | Methods and systems involving power system grid management |
US9176171B2 (en) | 2010-11-19 | 2015-11-03 | Schneider Electric USA, Inc. | Data alignment in large scale electrical system applications |
CN102064527B (en) * | 2010-12-24 | 2014-03-12 | 中电普瑞科技有限公司 | Control and protection system of series compensation device or fault current limiter |
US8614870B2 (en) * | 2011-01-14 | 2013-12-24 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Active transient current control in electronic circuit breakers |
US8849472B2 (en) * | 2011-02-02 | 2014-09-30 | Inscope Energy, Llc | Effectuating energization and deactivation of particular circuits through rules-based smart nodes |
US9301460B2 (en) * | 2011-02-25 | 2016-04-05 | The Toro Company | Irrigation controller with weather station |
CN103403989B (en) * | 2011-03-03 | 2016-08-17 | Abb技术有限公司 | Control equipment and method for control circuit breaker |
CN102156207A (en) * | 2011-03-21 | 2011-08-17 | 安徽省电力公司阜阳供电公司 | Distributed intelligent electric energy recording system and detecting method thereof |
US9720019B2 (en) | 2011-04-15 | 2017-08-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Low-voltage distribution system and method for operating the same |
US8860353B1 (en) | 2011-04-22 | 2014-10-14 | Dgi Creations, Llc | Protection for a network protector close motor |
CN102217166B (en) | 2011-05-20 | 2013-11-06 | 华为技术有限公司 | Intelligent power distribution system and method for power distribution |
US9631558B2 (en) | 2012-01-03 | 2017-04-25 | United Technologies Corporation | Geared architecture for high speed and small volume fan drive turbine |
US9239012B2 (en) | 2011-06-08 | 2016-01-19 | United Technologies Corporation | Flexible support structure for a geared architecture gas turbine engine |
DE102011078551A1 (en) * | 2011-07-01 | 2013-01-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Feed overload protection device for connecting feed device to electric load circuit in e.g. multi-family house, has detection unit to determine magnitude of current and reduce current flow in line when exceeding threshold value |
US8718833B2 (en) * | 2011-07-15 | 2014-05-06 | General Electric Company | Automated systems and methods for controlling localized load conditions to extend electrical distribution system component life |
AU2011373423A1 (en) * | 2011-07-20 | 2014-02-27 | Cameron International Corporation | Energy and data distribution system |
US20130023775A1 (en) | 2011-07-20 | 2013-01-24 | Cercacor Laboratories, Inc. | Magnetic Reusable Sensor |
US20130054162A1 (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2013-02-28 | Tollgrade Communications, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for determining conditions of power lines |
US8797720B2 (en) | 2011-09-13 | 2014-08-05 | Utility Relay Company | Manually-controlled arc flash energy reduction system and method for circuit breaker trip units |
CN102361352B (en) * | 2011-10-24 | 2013-10-30 | 山东电力工程咨询院有限公司 | Change-over switch integration circuit for circuit breaker of intelligent converting station |
US9082141B2 (en) | 2011-10-27 | 2015-07-14 | General Electric Company | Systems and methods to implement demand response events |
US8972071B2 (en) | 2011-10-27 | 2015-03-03 | General Electric Company | Systems and methods to predict a reduction of energy consumption |
US9125010B2 (en) | 2011-10-27 | 2015-09-01 | General Electric Company | Systems and methods to implement demand response events |
CN102386614B (en) * | 2011-11-08 | 2013-12-18 | 南京国电南自电网自动化有限公司 | Method for sharing standby protecting device by power equipment in intelligent transformer substation |
US9722409B2 (en) * | 2011-12-01 | 2017-08-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Selectivity module with serial status signal |
WO2013089782A2 (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2013-06-20 | Schneider Electric USA, Inc. | Co-location electrical architecture |
US8526156B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2013-09-03 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories Inc | High speed signaling of power system conditions |
US9077208B2 (en) | 2011-12-30 | 2015-07-07 | Schneider Electric USA, Inc. | Method of detecting instability in islanded electrical systems |
EP2815479B1 (en) | 2012-02-14 | 2017-01-04 | Tollgrade Communications, Inc. | Power line management system |
US8564914B2 (en) | 2012-02-21 | 2013-10-22 | Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation | Fault clearing without a DC backup power source |
US8588986B2 (en) * | 2012-02-24 | 2013-11-19 | Cra International, Inc. | Power transmission switching |
EP2634885B1 (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2015-09-02 | ABB Technology Ltd | A DC-power system with system protection capabilities |
KR101667832B1 (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2016-10-20 | 엘에스산전 주식회사 | Apparatus and method for correcting of acquired data |
US8981954B2 (en) * | 2012-05-08 | 2015-03-17 | General Electric Company | Methods, systems, and apparatus for protection system activation and dynamic labeling |
US8572943B1 (en) | 2012-05-31 | 2013-11-05 | United Technologies Corporation | Fundamental gear system architecture |
US8756908B2 (en) | 2012-05-31 | 2014-06-24 | United Technologies Corporation | Fundamental gear system architecture |
US20150308351A1 (en) | 2012-05-31 | 2015-10-29 | United Technologies Corporation | Fundamental gear system architecture |
US9207698B2 (en) | 2012-06-20 | 2015-12-08 | Causam Energy, Inc. | Method and apparatus for actively managing electric power over an electric power grid |
US9461471B2 (en) | 2012-06-20 | 2016-10-04 | Causam Energy, Inc | System and methods for actively managing electric power over an electric power grid and providing revenue grade date usable for settlement |
US9465398B2 (en) | 2012-06-20 | 2016-10-11 | Causam Energy, Inc. | System and methods for actively managing electric power over an electric power grid |
EP2845286B1 (en) | 2012-06-26 | 2019-04-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Fault detection in energy supply networks |
CN104412715B (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2017-05-17 | 飞利浦灯具控股公司 | System and method for providing alternative communication path for management of lighting network elements |
US9563215B2 (en) | 2012-07-14 | 2017-02-07 | Causam Energy, Inc. | Method and apparatus for actively managing electric power supply for an electric power grid |
AU2013295526B2 (en) | 2012-07-27 | 2017-03-30 | San Diego Gas & Electric Company | System for detecting a falling electric power conductor and related methods |
US9513648B2 (en) | 2012-07-31 | 2016-12-06 | Causam Energy, Inc. | System, method, and apparatus for electric power grid and network management of grid elements |
US10861112B2 (en) | 2012-07-31 | 2020-12-08 | Causam Energy, Inc. | Systems and methods for advanced energy settlements, network-based messaging, and applications supporting the same on a blockchain platform |
US8849715B2 (en) | 2012-10-24 | 2014-09-30 | Causam Energy, Inc. | System, method, and apparatus for settlement for participation in an electric power grid |
US10475138B2 (en) | 2015-09-23 | 2019-11-12 | Causam Energy, Inc. | Systems and methods for advanced energy network |
US8983669B2 (en) | 2012-07-31 | 2015-03-17 | Causam Energy, Inc. | System, method, and data packets for messaging for electric power grid elements over a secure internet protocol network |
CN103683220B (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2017-11-07 | 西门子公司 | Switchgear in current distribution system |
CN103683201B (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2018-06-08 | 西门子公司 | Switchgear for the method for electric current distribution and for performing this method |
CN103683179B (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2017-11-03 | 西门子公司 | Switchgear in current distribution system |
US9438028B2 (en) | 2012-08-31 | 2016-09-06 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Motor relay with integrated arc-flash detection |
US8737033B2 (en) | 2012-09-10 | 2014-05-27 | Eaton Corporation | Circuit interrupter employing non-volatile memory for improved diagnostics |
US8737030B2 (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2014-05-27 | General Electric Company | Power distribution systems and methods of operating a power distribution system |
US8724274B2 (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2014-05-13 | General Electric Company | Power distribution systems and methods of operating a power distribution system |
US9991693B2 (en) | 2012-10-17 | 2018-06-05 | General Electric Company | Circuit protection device and methods of configuring a circuit protection device |
US9054513B2 (en) | 2012-10-17 | 2015-06-09 | General Electric Company | Circuit protection device and methods of configuring a circuit protection device |
US9305671B2 (en) | 2012-12-04 | 2016-04-05 | Nuscale Power, Llc | Managing electrical power for a nuclear reactor system |
JP6081178B2 (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2017-02-15 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Power converter and control method of power converter |
US10067199B2 (en) * | 2013-01-30 | 2018-09-04 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Electric power distribution system including metering function and method of evaluating energy metering |
BR112015023073B1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2022-06-07 | Aspin Kemp & Associates Holding Corp | Method and apparatus for circuit breaker design for power system resilience |
US9488714B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-11-08 | General Electric Company | Methods and systems for continuous calibration of circuit breaker trip units and metering devices |
EP2784015B1 (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2020-06-03 | Kone Corporation | System and method to prevent the use of pirate products in an elevator control |
CN103151844A (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2013-06-12 | 国家电网公司 | State monitoring system for transformer and GIS (gas insulated switchgear) in transformer substation |
US9035992B1 (en) | 2013-04-08 | 2015-05-19 | Google Inc. | Bandwidth modulation system and method |
AU2014262368B2 (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2018-03-01 | Sane Pty Ltd | An electrical control system and method |
US9912155B2 (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2018-03-06 | Philips Lighting Holding B.V. | Controlling power from cable to load |
WO2014197641A1 (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2014-12-11 | Trw Automotive U.S. Llc | Optimized power supply architecture |
CN104242256B (en) * | 2013-06-06 | 2018-03-06 | 西门子公司 | The regioselectivity chained approach of breaker, device and system |
US20150035358A1 (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2015-02-05 | Ragingwire Data Centers, Inc. | Electrical power management system and method |
US9219384B2 (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2015-12-22 | Rosendin Electric, Inc. | Modular power skid that can meet two or more different datacenter tier ratings |
US10145903B2 (en) | 2013-08-09 | 2018-12-04 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Methods and systems for monitoring devices in a power distribution system |
JP5538639B1 (en) | 2013-08-30 | 2014-07-02 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Voltage control device and voltage monitoring device |
CN103489066A (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2014-01-01 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Analysis method for monitoring information and data of highlight area of power quality transient state event |
US9729678B2 (en) | 2013-10-03 | 2017-08-08 | Duke Energy Corporation | Methods of processing data corresponding to a device that corresponds to a gas, water, or electric grid, and related devices and computer program products |
US9379537B2 (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2016-06-28 | Eaton Corporation | Power system including a circuit providing smart zone selective interlocking communication |
CN103560908B (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2017-01-04 | 江苏亨通光网科技有限公司 | A kind of centralized-control intelligent ODN electronic label machine disc managing circuit |
US9692223B2 (en) | 2013-10-31 | 2017-06-27 | General Electric Company | Power distribution systems and methods of testing a power distribution system |
CN104242258A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2014-12-24 | 河南理工大学 | Underground coal mine override trip prevention system and method based on EtherCAT |
US9787082B2 (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2017-10-10 | Eaton Corporation | System and method for adjusting the trip characteristics of a circuit breaker |
US9728955B2 (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2017-08-08 | General Electric Company | Zone selective interlocking (ZSI) power distribution operating a ZSI power distribution system |
CN105024377B (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2019-01-22 | Abb技术有限公司 | The method and its controller of conversion are put on wave |
US9407324B2 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2016-08-02 | Duke Energy Corporation | Communication nodes and sensor devices configured to use power line communication signals, and related methods of operation |
US10304575B2 (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2019-05-28 | Nuscale Power, Llc | Actuating a nuclear reactor safety device |
WO2015115904A1 (en) * | 2014-01-28 | 2015-08-06 | C6 Technologies As | Downhole tractor with redundant motor drives with independent circuit breakers |
US20150222112A1 (en) * | 2014-02-03 | 2015-08-06 | Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corporation | Wireless-communication enabled surge protector for distributed systems |
GB2525266B (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2020-11-18 | Cummins Power Generation Ip | Apparatus and method for providing protection against Arc flash in a generator set |
CN103837826B (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2016-08-24 | 国家电网公司 | High-voltage switch gear operation circuit fault zone identification system and method |
US9823721B1 (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2017-11-21 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Switchgear controller device |
US9965013B1 (en) | 2014-03-19 | 2018-05-08 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Switchgear controller device |
EP3126853B1 (en) | 2014-03-31 | 2023-05-03 | Aclara Technologies LLC | Optical voltage sensing for underground medium voltage wires |
EP2933891B1 (en) | 2014-04-17 | 2022-08-17 | Hitachi Energy Switzerland AG | Load restoration in a high or medium voltage substation |
US9728972B2 (en) | 2014-08-20 | 2017-08-08 | Qfe 002 Llc | Alternative energy bus bar by pass breaker, methods of use and installation |
CN104022573A (en) * | 2014-06-05 | 2014-09-03 | 国网山东乳山市供电公司 | Method for making judgment and giving alarm for line switch protective tripping |
CN104009473B (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2016-04-06 | 王永法 | A kind of self-healing method of distribution network system |
EP2975707B1 (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2016-11-16 | SAG GmbH | Built-in device, system and method for controlling voltage networks |
EP2993548B1 (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2023-09-06 | Siemens AG Österreich | Control of a voltage feed-in |
US10685288B2 (en) | 2014-08-20 | 2020-06-16 | Cassantec Ag | Configuration of malfunction prediction for components and units of technical entities |
EP3183698A1 (en) | 2014-08-20 | 2017-06-28 | Cassantec AG | Malfunction prediction for components and units of technical entities |
US10203355B2 (en) | 2014-08-29 | 2019-02-12 | Aclara Technologies Llc | Power extraction for a medium voltage sensor using a capacitive voltage divider |
CN105529825B (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2019-09-13 | 上海颐坤自动化控制设备有限公司 | A kind of mining high-voltage intelligent comprehensive protection device |
US10151798B2 (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2018-12-11 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Circuit breaker accessory data collector and related methods and computer program products |
US9557794B2 (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2017-01-31 | General Electric Company | System and method for distributing electrical power |
US9829899B2 (en) | 2014-11-10 | 2017-11-28 | Duke Energy Corporation | Apparatuses including utility meter, power electronics, and communications circuitry, and related methods of operation |
US9564751B2 (en) | 2014-11-14 | 2017-02-07 | General Electric Company | Zone selective interlocking and circuit protection device monitoring in a power distribution system |
US9910102B2 (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2018-03-06 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Methods, systems, and computer readable media for monitoring and management of a power distribution system |
US9541586B2 (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2017-01-10 | Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. | Capture of power quality information at the time a device fails |
US9995815B2 (en) | 2014-12-30 | 2018-06-12 | Energybox Ltd. | Energy metering system and method for its calibration |
US9658264B2 (en) | 2014-12-30 | 2017-05-23 | Energybox Ltd. | Energy metering system with self-powered sensors |
US10467354B2 (en) | 2014-12-30 | 2019-11-05 | Energybox Ltd. | Visualization of electrical loads |
CN104680020B (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2017-06-16 | 上海毅昊信息科技股份有限公司 | Relay protection system reliability online evaluation system based on SCD |
EP3076283B1 (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2019-08-14 | Advanced Digital Broadcast S.A. | System and method for managing content deletion |
DE102016202827B4 (en) | 2015-05-05 | 2022-10-13 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | circuit breaker |
CA2990850A1 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-01-05 | Remsafe Pty Ltd | An equipment isolation system |
AU2016204520A1 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2017-01-19 | Remsafe Pty Ltd | An equipment isolation switch assembly |
US10031794B1 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2018-07-24 | EMC IP Holding Company, LLC | Message generation system and method |
CA2990853A1 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2017-01-05 | Remsafe Pty Ltd | A remote isolation system and mobile device for use in the remote isolation system |
ZA201604439B (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-07-26 | Remsafe Pty Ltd | A remote isolation system |
WO2017000042A1 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2017-01-05 | Remsafe Pty Ltd | An equipment isolation system |
CN108028778B (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2021-06-18 | 动态网络服务股份有限公司 | Method, system and apparatus for generating information transmission performance warning |
CN105162091B (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2018-03-16 | 全球能源互联网研究院有限公司 | A kind of Risk assessment of cascading failure in power system method for considering Risk of Information System |
US20170149379A1 (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2017-05-25 | Enphase Energy, Inc. | Interconnect device for use in islanding a microgrid |
CN105515866A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-04-20 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安航空计算技术研究所 | FC-AE-ASM protocol communication based event and time monitoring method |
US10152336B2 (en) * | 2015-12-26 | 2018-12-11 | Intel Corporation | Technologies for managing sensor conflicts |
CN105914718B (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2018-04-10 | 长沙理工大学 | A kind of earth-fault protection method based on difference of phase currents |
US10236675B2 (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2019-03-19 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Fault detection and protection during steady state using traveling waves |
GB2552982B (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2019-12-11 | Ge Aviat Systems Ltd | Method and apparatus for arranging fuses in a printed circuit board |
US11050260B2 (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2021-06-29 | Tesla, Inc. | Smart main electrical panel for energy generation systems |
DE102016117574A1 (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2018-03-22 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for managing an electricity supply through an electrical network |
US10161986B2 (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2018-12-25 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Electric power system monitoring using distributed conductor-mounted devices |
US10804689B2 (en) | 2016-11-18 | 2020-10-13 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Methods and systems for evaluating arc flash exposure hazard |
DE102016224121A1 (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2018-06-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | resources |
US10635066B2 (en) | 2016-12-19 | 2020-04-28 | Kohler Co. | Generator system architecture |
CN106532957B (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2019-02-22 | 国家电网有限公司 | Site relay protection system |
US11070052B2 (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2021-07-20 | Abb S.P.A. | Circuit protection system |
CN110168666B (en) | 2016-12-30 | 2023-11-10 | 纽斯高动力有限责任公司 | control rod damping system |
US10797479B2 (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2020-10-06 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Power distribution systems and methods of performing ground fault detection in power distribution systems with a communication network |
US10673226B2 (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2020-06-02 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Power distribution systems and methods of operating power distribution systems with a communication network |
CN106849363B (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2019-03-12 | 雅砻江流域水电开发有限公司 | The three-phase mechanical linkage circuit breaker control box that tripping contact is shown entirely |
US10935609B2 (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2021-03-02 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Methods and systems for ground fault detection in a power distribution system |
US11165602B2 (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2021-11-02 | Murata Machinery, Ltd. | Communication system, controlled device, and control method for communication system |
CN107894544B (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2019-11-26 | 广东电网有限责任公司佛山供电局 | A kind of localization method of region direct-current ground potential fluctuation sources |
CN109459677B (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2021-01-15 | 国网浙江省电力公司嘉兴供电公司 | Intelligent substation protection system evaluation method based on virtual branch |
US10534024B2 (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2020-01-14 | Schneider Electric USA, Inc. | Single pole low-cost expandable smart panel monitoring and control system |
CH714695A1 (en) | 2018-02-19 | 2019-08-30 | Landis & Gyr Ag | Apparatus, system and method for controlling electrical loads. |
US10581235B2 (en) * | 2018-02-22 | 2020-03-03 | S&C Electric Company | Method for automatically coordinating protection settings in an electric power distribution network |
KR102087143B1 (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2020-03-10 | 엘에스산전 주식회사 | Protecting and interlocking system for plurality of circuit breakers in low voltage grid |
US11776781B2 (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2023-10-03 | Eric W. Kramer | Variable control switch |
PL3579376T3 (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2020-08-10 | Ovh | Methods and systems for identifying a connection path between a power source and a load |
CN108595382B (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2021-08-27 | 天津大学 | Fault correlation matrix-based power distribution network structure parameter sensitivity calculation method |
EP3605436B1 (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2022-03-09 | Schneider Electric Industries SAS | Method for locating phase faults in a microgrid and controller |
US10979330B2 (en) | 2018-10-08 | 2021-04-13 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Communication of electric power system samples without external time reference |
US11128481B2 (en) | 2018-10-08 | 2021-09-21 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Hardware accelerated communication frame |
US11128127B2 (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2021-09-21 | S&C Electric Company | FLISR without communication |
TWI687013B (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2020-03-01 | 陳錫瑜 | Circuit breaker tripping device |
TWI687012B (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2020-03-01 | 陳錫瑜 | Circuit breaker tripping loop system improvement device |
TWI687014B (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2020-03-01 | 陳錫瑜 | Improvement of ac system capacitor tripping device |
US11245266B2 (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2022-02-08 | Kohler Co. | Offline synchronization of generators |
FR3089706B1 (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2021-01-29 | Safran Electrical & Power | Electronic power cut-off system with redundant control solution. |
CN109696629A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-04-30 | 中广核研究院有限公司 | Nuclear power plant's diesel generating set test method |
US11615925B2 (en) | 2018-12-26 | 2023-03-28 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Hazardous location compliant circuit protection devices having enhanced safety intelligence, systems and methods |
US11239652B2 (en) | 2018-12-26 | 2022-02-01 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Compliant, hazardous environment circuit protection devices, systems and methods |
US11303111B2 (en) | 2018-12-26 | 2022-04-12 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Configurable modular hazardous location compliant circuit protection devices, systems and methods |
US11270854B2 (en) | 2018-12-26 | 2022-03-08 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Circuit protection devices, systems and methods for explosive environment compliance |
US10816599B2 (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2020-10-27 | International Business Machines Corporation | Dynamically power noise adaptive automatic test pattern generation |
JP6973956B2 (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2021-12-01 | 株式会社Kokusai Electric | Substrate processing equipment, semiconductor device manufacturing methods, programs and recording media |
US11108737B2 (en) | 2019-07-12 | 2021-08-31 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Secure electric power delivery system protection during cyber threats |
CN110365013B (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2020-12-08 | 青海格尔木鲁能新能源有限公司 | Capacity optimization method of photo-thermal-photovoltaic-wind power combined power generation system |
US11050234B2 (en) | 2019-08-21 | 2021-06-29 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Integration of primary protection relays for electric power delivery systems |
US11397198B2 (en) | 2019-08-23 | 2022-07-26 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Wireless current sensor |
US11119128B2 (en) | 2019-10-10 | 2021-09-14 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Loopback testing of electric power protection systems |
US11079436B2 (en) | 2019-10-12 | 2021-08-03 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Multiple merging unit testing system |
US11258249B2 (en) | 2019-10-12 | 2022-02-22 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Primary and system protection for an electric power delivery system |
US11114892B2 (en) | 2019-10-12 | 2021-09-07 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Electric power system transducer failure monitor and measurement recovery |
US11125821B2 (en) | 2019-10-12 | 2021-09-21 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Testing device for protective relays in electric power delivery systems |
US11121536B2 (en) | 2019-10-13 | 2021-09-14 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Digital input electric power system panel meter |
US10951057B1 (en) | 2019-10-13 | 2021-03-16 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Reliable power module for improved substation device availability |
US11165238B2 (en) | 2019-10-13 | 2021-11-02 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Electrical arc event detection in an electric power system |
US11112466B2 (en) | 2019-10-13 | 2021-09-07 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Equipment failure detection in an electric power system |
US11101632B2 (en) | 2019-11-12 | 2021-08-24 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | High current detection and field loop isolation circuit |
US20210278809A1 (en) * | 2020-01-11 | 2021-09-09 | Ashok K. Prajapati | AI-enabled Self-Learning Circuit Breaker |
US11158477B2 (en) | 2020-02-21 | 2021-10-26 | Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. | Motor control center with enhanced circuit disconnect |
US10896658B1 (en) | 2020-04-02 | 2021-01-19 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Virtual display |
US11115311B1 (en) | 2020-05-18 | 2021-09-07 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Data tunneling for testing equipment in electric power system |
US20210373633A1 (en) | 2020-05-28 | 2021-12-02 | Ovh | Systems and methods for electric systems monitoring and/or failure detection |
US11056082B1 (en) | 2020-09-29 | 2021-07-06 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Waterfall display for high-speed streaming measurements |
US11837862B2 (en) | 2020-10-09 | 2023-12-05 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Arc-flash sensor using optical fiber |
EP4002621A1 (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2022-05-25 | General Electric Technology GmbH | Improvements in or relating to protection circuits |
CN112968524A (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2021-06-15 | 中慧能源(杭州)有限公司 | Power load sensing device |
US11489553B1 (en) | 2021-04-13 | 2022-11-01 | Ovh | System and method for identifying a connection between a power distribution unit and an electric device |
US11552891B1 (en) | 2021-07-12 | 2023-01-10 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Self-configuration of network devices without user settings |
DE102022202654A1 (en) * | 2022-03-17 | 2023-09-21 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Procedure for arc fault protection |
US20240030695A1 (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2024-01-25 | MD Abid Khan | System and method for reduction of arc flash energy |
Citations (95)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3938007A (en) * | 1973-05-30 | 1976-02-10 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Company Limited | Electrical network protection device with automatic switch over between protection criteria |
US3956671A (en) * | 1973-08-22 | 1976-05-11 | Allmanna Svenska Elektriska Aktiebolaget | Protection device for objects included in electrical power supply networks |
US3963964A (en) * | 1975-02-07 | 1976-06-15 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Segregated phase comparison system |
US4001742A (en) * | 1975-10-30 | 1977-01-04 | General Electric Company | Circuit breaker having improved operating mechanism |
US4245318A (en) * | 1979-05-07 | 1981-01-13 | General Electric Company | Circuit breaker demonstrator and distribution circuit protection coordinator apparatus |
US4311919A (en) * | 1980-09-08 | 1982-01-19 | Public Service Company Of New Mexico | Transfer logic control circuitry |
US4429299A (en) * | 1979-01-05 | 1984-01-31 | Robertshaw Controls Company | Two-way AC power line communications system |
US4432031A (en) * | 1982-05-03 | 1984-02-14 | General Electric Company | Method for overcurrent protection |
US4589074A (en) * | 1983-08-31 | 1986-05-13 | The Boeing Company | Multiple channel power line monitor |
US4642724A (en) * | 1982-06-22 | 1987-02-10 | S&C Electric Company | Trip signal generator for a circuit interrupter |
US4652966A (en) * | 1986-01-23 | 1987-03-24 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | Solenoid-actuated mechanical interlock for a motor controller |
US4796027A (en) * | 1983-04-13 | 1989-01-03 | Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation | Apparatus for data transmission from multiple sources on a single channel |
US4833592A (en) * | 1986-09-01 | 1989-05-23 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Master station apparatus for remote supervisory control system with touch panel video display |
US4983955A (en) * | 1988-11-28 | 1991-01-08 | Hendry Mechanical Works | Electric power supply circuit monitoring systems |
US4996646A (en) * | 1988-03-31 | 1991-02-26 | Square D Company | Microprocessor-controlled circuit breaker and system |
US5101191A (en) * | 1987-12-01 | 1992-03-31 | Smart House Limited Partnership | Electrical and communication system capable of providing uninterruptable power in a house |
US5179376A (en) * | 1991-02-28 | 1993-01-12 | Systems Analysis And Integration, Inc. | Substation load distribution monitor system |
US5182547A (en) * | 1991-01-16 | 1993-01-26 | High Voltage Maintenance | Neutral wire current monitoring for three-phase four-wire power distribution system |
US5185705A (en) * | 1988-03-31 | 1993-02-09 | Square D Company | Circuit breaker having serial data communications |
US5196831A (en) * | 1991-07-19 | 1993-03-23 | General Electric Company | Electric switchgear equipment with detection of unauthorized changes to the setpoints |
US5214560A (en) * | 1992-06-19 | 1993-05-25 | Square D Company | Microprocessor watch-dog monitor for electronic trip units |
US5301121A (en) * | 1991-07-11 | 1994-04-05 | General Electric Company | Measuring electrical parameters of power line operation, using a digital computer |
US5305174A (en) * | 1990-09-03 | 1994-04-19 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Method of and device for protecting electrical power system |
US5311392A (en) * | 1991-08-30 | 1994-05-10 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | Dual processor electric power trip unit |
US5381554A (en) * | 1992-11-24 | 1995-01-10 | Exide Electronics | Uninterrupted power supply (UPS) system interfacing with communications network |
US5384712A (en) * | 1991-08-15 | 1995-01-24 | Eaton Corporation | Energy monitoring system for a plurality of local stations with snapshot polling from a central station |
US5402299A (en) * | 1992-09-18 | 1995-03-28 | S&C Electric Company | Coordination arrangment for protective devices in electrical systems |
US5406495A (en) * | 1993-02-01 | 1995-04-11 | Systems Analysis And Integration, Inc. | Substation load distribution monitor system |
US5414635A (en) * | 1991-11-08 | 1995-05-09 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Oscilloscope with dynamic triggering determination |
US5487016A (en) * | 1994-11-04 | 1996-01-23 | Eaton Corporation | Apparatus for generating a signal representative of total harmonic distortion in waveforms of an A/C electrical system |
US5490086A (en) * | 1992-03-06 | 1996-02-06 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | Plug-in ground fault monitor for a circuit breaker |
US5493468A (en) * | 1992-08-21 | 1996-02-20 | Eaton Corporation | Electrical contactor system with transfer of scaled overload information |
US5596473A (en) * | 1995-02-06 | 1997-01-21 | Eaton Corporation | Electrical switches with current protection interfaced with a remote station and a portable local unit |
US5600527A (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 1997-02-04 | Eaton Corporation | Circuit interrupter providing protection and waveform capture for harmonic analysis |
US5608646A (en) * | 1994-01-11 | 1997-03-04 | Systems Analysis And Integration, Inc. | Power distribution system control network |
US5613798A (en) * | 1995-07-06 | 1997-03-25 | Braverman; Josef J. | Traffic marker and base unit |
US5619392A (en) * | 1994-06-13 | 1997-04-08 | Asea Brown Boveri Ag | Method and device for protecting busbars |
US5627716A (en) * | 1990-12-28 | 1997-05-06 | Eaton Corporation | Overcurrent protection device |
US5627717A (en) * | 1994-12-28 | 1997-05-06 | Philips Electronics North America Corporation | Electronic processing unit, and circuit breaker including such a unit |
US5627718A (en) * | 1994-11-18 | 1997-05-06 | Eaton Corporation | Apparatus providing protection and metering in an ac electrical system utilizing a multi-function sampling technique |
US5629825A (en) * | 1990-04-02 | 1997-05-13 | Square D Company | Apparatus and method for detecting a fault in a distributed line network |
US5631798A (en) * | 1994-06-27 | 1997-05-20 | General Electric Company | Modular accessory mechanical lock-out mechanism |
US5719738A (en) * | 1994-12-27 | 1998-02-17 | General Electric Company | Circuit breaker remote closing operator |
US5721830A (en) * | 1995-09-12 | 1998-02-24 | Pc-Tel, Inc. | Host signal processing communication system that compensates for missed execution of signal maintenance procedures |
US5734576A (en) * | 1995-12-22 | 1998-03-31 | Eaton Corporation | Method and apparatus for remote testing of coordination of overcurrent protection devices in an electrical power system |
US5736847A (en) * | 1994-12-30 | 1998-04-07 | Cd Power Measurement Limited | Power meter for determining parameters of muliphase power lines |
US5737231A (en) * | 1993-11-30 | 1998-04-07 | Square D Company | Metering unit with enhanced DMA transfer |
US5742513A (en) * | 1996-05-15 | 1998-04-21 | Abb Power T&D Company Inc. | Methods and systems for automatic testing of a relay |
US5751524A (en) * | 1997-03-10 | 1998-05-12 | Square D Company | Ground fault protection circuit for a multiple source system |
US5754033A (en) * | 1996-03-13 | 1998-05-19 | Alaska Power Systems Inc. | Control system and circuits for distributed electrical-power generating stations |
US5754440A (en) * | 1996-02-28 | 1998-05-19 | Eaton Corporation | Apparatus for harmonic analysis of waveforms in an AC electrical system |
US5867385A (en) * | 1995-05-30 | 1999-02-02 | Roy-G-Biv Corporation | Motion control systems |
US5872722A (en) * | 1996-09-04 | 1999-02-16 | Eaton Corporation | Apparatus and method for adjustment and coordination of circuit breaker trip curves through graphical manipulation |
US5872785A (en) * | 1995-09-19 | 1999-02-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for switching narrowband partial line bundles between communications systems via an ATM communication network |
US5890097A (en) * | 1997-03-04 | 1999-03-30 | Eaton Corporation | Apparatus for waveform disturbance monitoring for an electric power system |
US5892449A (en) * | 1991-06-28 | 1999-04-06 | Square D Company | Electrical distribution system with an external multiple input and status unit |
US5903426A (en) * | 1996-10-18 | 1999-05-11 | Balluff, Inc. | Overvoltage protection apparatus for a data interface |
US5905616A (en) * | 1998-06-01 | 1999-05-18 | Square D Company | Load selectivity system for use with electronic trip circuit breakers |
US5906271A (en) * | 1995-08-07 | 1999-05-25 | General Electric Company | Means of remote charge indication for high ampere-rated circuit breakers |
US6018451A (en) * | 1998-09-28 | 2000-01-25 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | Circuit breaker trip unit and method for real-time fault indication |
US6038516A (en) * | 1998-03-19 | 2000-03-14 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | Method for graphically displaying a menu for selection and viewing of the load related parameters of a load connected to an AC load control device |
US6047321A (en) * | 1996-02-23 | 2000-04-04 | Nortel Networks Corporation | Method and apparatus for monitoring a dedicated communications medium in a switched data network |
US6055145A (en) * | 1990-12-28 | 2000-04-25 | Eaton Corporation | Overcurrent protection device with visual indicators for trip and programming functions |
US6054661A (en) * | 1998-01-14 | 2000-04-25 | General Electric Company | Circuit breaker bell alarm accessory with lockout function |
US6061609A (en) * | 1994-03-18 | 2000-05-09 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Electrical power distribution monitoring system and method |
US6173343B1 (en) * | 1997-09-19 | 2001-01-09 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Data processing system and method with central processing unit-determined peripheral device service |
US6175780B1 (en) * | 1998-04-06 | 2001-01-16 | Eaton Corporation | Accessory network for an electronic trip unit |
US6185482B1 (en) * | 1998-03-10 | 2001-02-06 | Abb Power T&D Company Inc. | System and method for rms overcurrent backup function |
US6186842B1 (en) * | 1999-08-09 | 2001-02-13 | Power Measurement Ltd. | Revenue meter bayonet assembly and method of attachment |
US6195243B1 (en) * | 1998-05-05 | 2001-02-27 | George Auther Spencer | Method and apparatus for adaptive configuration and control in a network of electronic circuit breakers |
US6198402B1 (en) * | 1998-04-17 | 2001-03-06 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Electric power system protection and control system |
US6212049B1 (en) * | 1998-05-05 | 2001-04-03 | George Auther Spencer | Load center monitor for electrical power lines |
US6233128B1 (en) * | 1999-03-29 | 2001-05-15 | George A. Spencer | Data retention in a circuit breaker |
US6236949B1 (en) * | 1997-02-12 | 2001-05-22 | Power Measurement Ltd. | Digital sensor apparatus and system for protection, control and management of electricity distribution systems |
US6341054B1 (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2002-01-22 | Mcgraw-Edison Company | Intelligent power distribution network |
US20020010518A1 (en) * | 2000-02-25 | 2002-01-24 | Reid Drew A. | Energy management system |
US6347027B1 (en) * | 1997-11-26 | 2002-02-12 | Energyline Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for automated reconfiguration of an electric power distribution system with enhanced protection |
US6351823B1 (en) * | 1997-11-06 | 2002-02-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and device for monitoring a computer system having at least two processors |
US6356849B1 (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2002-03-12 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Method for automatically scaling sampled representations of single-valued and multi-valued waveforms |
US6356422B1 (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2002-03-12 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | Circuit breaker communication and control system |
US20020032535A1 (en) * | 1998-03-19 | 2002-03-14 | James O. Alexander | Energy information management method for use with a circuit breaker |
US20020034086A1 (en) * | 2000-06-01 | 2002-03-21 | Scoggins Robert L. | Line side power and energy management system and methods |
US6369996B1 (en) * | 1998-09-17 | 2002-04-09 | Alstom Uk Limited | Fault protection scheme |
US20020045992A1 (en) * | 2000-09-25 | 2002-04-18 | Shincovich John T. | Point of use digital electric energy apparatus and method for measuring out-of-specification energy |
US6377051B1 (en) * | 1999-12-03 | 2002-04-23 | Abb Power T&D Company Inc. | Relay test set using computer controlled voltage supply to stimulate both voltage and current transformers |
US6385022B1 (en) * | 1999-06-03 | 2002-05-07 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for deriving power system data from configurable source points |
US20020059401A1 (en) * | 1997-11-14 | 2002-05-16 | National Instruments Corporation | Assembly of a graphical program for accessing data from a data source/target |
US6397155B1 (en) * | 1999-08-09 | 2002-05-28 | Power Measurement Ltd. | Method and apparatus for automatically controlled gain switching of monitors |
US6396279B1 (en) * | 1997-04-04 | 2002-05-28 | Omicron Electronics Gmbh | Method and device for testing differential protection relays or differential protection relay systems |
US20030043785A1 (en) * | 2001-08-23 | 2003-03-06 | Ming-Kang Liu | Configurable digital subscriber loop access and end-to-end data and analog voice connection system |
US6535797B1 (en) * | 2000-02-01 | 2003-03-18 | Spectrum Engineering Corporation | Electrical distribution system and method of monitoring and/or controlling same |
US6549880B1 (en) * | 1999-09-15 | 2003-04-15 | Mcgraw Edison Company | Reliability of electrical distribution networks |
US6553418B1 (en) * | 1999-01-02 | 2003-04-22 | Daniel J. Collins | Energy information and control system |
US6901299B1 (en) * | 1996-04-03 | 2005-05-31 | Don Whitehead | Man machine interface for power management control systems |
US7006524B2 (en) * | 2002-06-12 | 2006-02-28 | Natis Communications Corporation | Modular SCADA communication apparatus and system for using same |
Family Cites Families (217)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US162014A (en) * | 1875-04-13 | Improvements peg-cutter handles | ||
US147503A (en) * | 1874-02-17 | Improvement in attaching hubs to axles | ||
US159402A (en) * | 1875-02-02 | Improvement in converting iron into steel | ||
US3558985A (en) * | 1968-06-24 | 1971-01-26 | Mcgrew Edison Co | Three phase repeating circuit interrupter having control means for individually interrupting each phase |
US3772505A (en) * | 1972-07-14 | 1973-11-13 | Electronic Associates | System and method for on-line simulation of bulk power system transients at very high speeds |
US4977529A (en) * | 1973-02-23 | 1990-12-11 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Training simulator for a nuclear power plant |
JPS52100149A (en) * | 1976-02-18 | 1977-08-22 | Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc:The | Digital failure point evaluating unit |
US4202506A (en) * | 1976-05-03 | 1980-05-13 | W. Schlafhorst & Co. | Device for monitoring thread travel |
US4161027A (en) * | 1976-10-04 | 1979-07-10 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Digital protection system for transmission lines and associated power equipment |
US4115829A (en) * | 1977-05-06 | 1978-09-19 | General Electric Company | Overcurrent and ground fault responsive trip unit for circuit breakers |
US4467220A (en) * | 1977-07-15 | 1984-08-21 | Ronald Page | Power switching apparatus |
US4234901A (en) * | 1979-03-08 | 1980-11-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Protective relay apparatus |
US4266259A (en) * | 1979-09-04 | 1981-05-05 | General Electric Company | Long-time and short-time overcurrent signal processor for circuit breaker static trip units |
US4291299A (en) | 1979-10-31 | 1981-09-22 | Northern Telecom Limited | Analog to digital converter using timed level changes |
JPS56139024A (en) * | 1980-03-31 | 1981-10-30 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Digital data processing system |
US4428022A (en) * | 1980-04-15 | 1984-01-24 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Circuit interrupter with digital trip unit and automatic reset |
US4301433A (en) | 1980-06-23 | 1981-11-17 | General Electric Company | Circuit breaker electrical closure control apparatus |
US4356440A (en) * | 1980-09-18 | 1982-10-26 | The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. | Power factor correction system |
US4399421A (en) * | 1981-02-12 | 1983-08-16 | Electro Switch Corp. | Lock-out relay with adjustable trip coil |
US4353103A (en) * | 1981-04-08 | 1982-10-05 | Whitlow George A | Ground fault interrupter circuit |
US4535409A (en) * | 1981-09-18 | 1985-08-13 | Mcgraw-Edison Company | Microprocessor based recloser control |
US4455612A (en) | 1982-01-27 | 1984-06-19 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Recursive estimation in digital distance relaying system |
US4423459A (en) * | 1982-04-05 | 1983-12-27 | Siemens-Allis, Inc. | Solid state circuit protection system and method |
US4468714A (en) | 1982-11-01 | 1984-08-28 | General Electric Company | Zone selective interlock module for use with static trip circuit breakers |
US4799005A (en) * | 1983-04-13 | 1989-01-17 | Fernandes Roosevelt A | Electrical power line parameter measurement apparatus and systems, including compact, line-mounted modules |
US4855671A (en) | 1983-04-13 | 1989-08-08 | Fernandes Roosevelt A | Electrical power line and substation monitoring apparatus |
US4709339A (en) | 1983-04-13 | 1987-11-24 | Fernandes Roosevelt A | Electrical power line parameter measurement apparatus and systems, including compact, line-mounted modules |
FR2547122B1 (en) * | 1983-06-03 | 1985-07-05 | Merlin Gerin | SELECTIVE ELECTRONIC TRIGGER ASSOCIATED WITH A LIMITING CIRCUIT BREAKER |
JPS6039310A (en) * | 1983-08-12 | 1985-03-01 | 株式会社東芝 | Sampling synchronizing method |
US4783748A (en) | 1983-12-09 | 1988-11-08 | Quadlogic Controls Corporation | Method and apparatus for remote measurement |
US4674062A (en) * | 1984-04-20 | 1987-06-16 | General Electric Company | Apparatus and method to increase dynamic range of digital measurements |
FR2564651B1 (en) * | 1984-05-17 | 1988-06-10 | Spie Batignolles | INTERFACE DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING AND CONTROLLING DISTRIBUTION PANELS |
US4672501A (en) * | 1984-06-29 | 1987-06-09 | General Electric Company | Circuit breaker and protective relay unit |
US4589052A (en) * | 1984-07-17 | 1986-05-13 | General Electric Company | Digital I2 T pickup, time bands and timing control circuits for static trip circuit breakers |
US4631625A (en) | 1984-09-27 | 1986-12-23 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | Microprocessor controlled circuit breaker trip unit |
US4672555A (en) | 1984-10-18 | 1987-06-09 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Digital ac monitor |
US5440441A (en) | 1984-10-24 | 1995-08-08 | Ahuja; Om | Apparatus for protecting, monitoring, and managing an AC/DC electrical line or a telecommunication line using a microprocessor |
FR2578112B1 (en) | 1985-02-25 | 1988-03-18 | Merlin Gerin | CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH STATIC TRIGGER WITH DIGITAL PROCESSING CHAIN SHUNTE BY AN ANALOGUE PROCESSING CHAIN |
US4689708A (en) * | 1985-08-02 | 1987-08-25 | Bbc Brown, Boveri & Co., Ltd. | Zone protective directional relay scheme |
US4623949A (en) | 1985-09-06 | 1986-11-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Bus differential relay |
US5134691A (en) * | 1986-04-01 | 1992-07-28 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Bidirectional communication and control network with programmable microcontroller interfacing digital ICs transmitting in serial format to controlled product |
US4754407A (en) * | 1986-07-22 | 1988-06-28 | Magnetek, Inc. | Digital phase synchronizer |
US4751653A (en) * | 1986-08-25 | 1988-06-14 | American Standard Inc. | Fault detector for a three-phase alternating current supply |
US4707142A (en) * | 1986-12-05 | 1987-11-17 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Master clock system for a parallel variable speed constant frequency power system |
US4827369A (en) * | 1987-02-20 | 1989-05-02 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Circuit interrupter apparatus with a selectable display means |
US4752853A (en) | 1987-02-20 | 1988-06-21 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Circuit interrupter apparatus with an integral trip curve display |
JPH0787667B2 (en) * | 1987-04-30 | 1995-09-20 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Circuit breaker |
US4862308A (en) | 1987-05-01 | 1989-08-29 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Power bus fault detection and protection system |
US5049873A (en) * | 1988-01-29 | 1991-09-17 | Network Equipment Technologies, Inc. | Communications network state and topology monitor |
US5170360A (en) | 1988-03-31 | 1992-12-08 | Square D Company | Computer-based metering arrangement including a circuit interrupter |
US5166887A (en) | 1988-03-31 | 1992-11-24 | Square D Company | Microcomputer-controlled circuit breaker system |
KR920003958B1 (en) | 1988-10-06 | 1992-05-18 | 미쓰비시전기 주식회사 | Remote-controlled circuit breaker |
US4964058A (en) | 1988-10-13 | 1990-10-16 | Square D Company | Power management and automation system |
JP2865682B2 (en) * | 1988-12-23 | 1999-03-08 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Information processing system and information processing method |
US4979122A (en) * | 1989-02-01 | 1990-12-18 | Ge Fanuc Automation North America Inc. | Apparatus and method for monitoring power |
US5272438A (en) | 1989-03-08 | 1993-12-21 | Square D Company | Field test unit for circuit breaker |
US4935837A (en) * | 1989-04-03 | 1990-06-19 | Abb Power T&D Company Inc. | Phase comparison relaying system with single channel communications link |
US5136458A (en) | 1989-08-31 | 1992-08-04 | Square D Company | Microcomputer based electronic trip system for circuit breakers |
US5162664A (en) | 1989-08-31 | 1992-11-10 | Square D Company | Communications arrangement for an electronic circuit breaker trip system |
US4972290A (en) * | 1989-09-29 | 1990-11-20 | Abb Power T & D Company Inc. | Electric power system with remote monitoring and control of protective relays |
US4994934A (en) * | 1989-12-01 | 1991-02-19 | Abb Power T & D Company Inc. | Microcomputer based reclosing relay |
US5060166A (en) * | 1989-12-06 | 1991-10-22 | Abb Power T&D Company Inc. | Method and apparatus for rapidly analyzing AC waveforms containing DC offsets |
US5181026A (en) * | 1990-01-12 | 1993-01-19 | Granville Group, Inc., The | Power transmission line monitoring system |
US5132867A (en) * | 1990-02-01 | 1992-07-21 | Abb Power T&D Company, Inc. | Method and apparatus for transfer bus protection of plural feeder lines |
US5426674A (en) * | 1990-02-06 | 1995-06-20 | Nemirovsky; Paul | Method and computer system for selecting and evaluating data routes and arranging a distributed data communication network |
US5225994A (en) | 1990-03-06 | 1993-07-06 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Control and supervisory system for power distribution equipment |
US5113304A (en) * | 1990-03-28 | 1992-05-12 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Digital protective circuit breaker |
US5247454A (en) | 1990-04-02 | 1993-09-21 | Square D Company | Reconfigurable circuit monitoring system |
US5041798A (en) * | 1990-06-12 | 1991-08-20 | International Business Machines Corporation | Time reference with proportional steering |
US5303112A (en) * | 1990-10-26 | 1994-04-12 | S & C Electric Company | Fault detection method and apparatus |
US5237511A (en) | 1990-10-29 | 1993-08-17 | Westronic, Inc. | Distribution automation smart remote terminal unit |
US5170310A (en) * | 1990-11-29 | 1992-12-08 | Square D Company | Fail-resistant solid state interruption system |
US5323307A (en) | 1990-11-29 | 1994-06-21 | Square D Company | Power management and automation system |
US5216621A (en) * | 1991-02-28 | 1993-06-01 | Mehta Tech. Inc. | Line disturbance monitor and recorder system |
US5231565A (en) * | 1991-06-28 | 1993-07-27 | Square D Company | Electrical distribution system having mappable control inputs |
US5253159A (en) | 1991-06-28 | 1993-10-12 | Square D Company | Electrical distribution system having controller responsive to multiple command paths |
US5186842A (en) * | 1991-07-15 | 1993-02-16 | Umpqua Research Company | Method for removing low molecular weight contaminants |
US5369356A (en) * | 1991-08-30 | 1994-11-29 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | Distributed current and voltage sampling function for an electric power monitoring unit |
FR2682529B1 (en) * | 1991-10-10 | 1993-11-26 | Merlin Gerin | CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH SELECTIVE LOCKING. |
US5185508A (en) * | 1992-03-02 | 1993-02-09 | Siemens Automotive L.P. | Welder locator alignment fixture |
JP2857529B2 (en) | 1992-03-04 | 1999-02-17 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Circuit breaker |
EP0748480A1 (en) * | 1992-06-30 | 1996-12-18 | Electronic Innovators, Inc. | Distributed intelligence engineering casualty and damage control management system using an ac power line carrier-current lan |
US5451879A (en) | 1992-08-14 | 1995-09-19 | Moore; Clayton K. | Electromechanical relay monitoring system with status clocking |
US5576700A (en) | 1992-08-26 | 1996-11-19 | Scientific-Atlanta | Apparatus and method for controlling an electrical load and monitoring control operations and the electrical load |
US5428495A (en) * | 1992-09-30 | 1995-06-27 | Eaton Corporation | Electrical switching apparatus with digital trip unit and automatic frequency selection |
US5361184A (en) | 1992-10-20 | 1994-11-01 | Board Of Regents Of The University Of Washington | Adaptive sequential controller |
US5466974A (en) * | 1993-02-19 | 1995-11-14 | Sundstrand Corporation | Electric power distribution module for an electric power generation and distribution system |
US5384563A (en) * | 1993-02-22 | 1995-01-24 | Honeywell Inc. | Method and apparatus for time synchronization of bus type local area networks including hierarchical networks |
US5367427A (en) | 1993-07-15 | 1994-11-22 | Eaton Corporation | Overcurrent trip unit with indication of dependency of trip functions |
US5422778A (en) * | 1993-07-28 | 1995-06-06 | Sundstrand Corporation | Protection system for controller and control wiring induced under voltage faults in an electric power generating system |
US5825643A (en) | 1993-08-25 | 1998-10-20 | Square D Company | Programming device for a circuit breaker |
US5537327A (en) | 1993-10-22 | 1996-07-16 | New York State Electric & Gas Corporation | Method and apparatus for detecting high-impedance faults in electrical power systems |
US5534782A (en) * | 1993-11-17 | 1996-07-09 | Controlled Power Limited Partnership | Automatic reclosing circuit breaker using controllable feeder transducer |
US5831428A (en) | 1993-11-30 | 1998-11-03 | Square D Company | Metering unit with integrated user programmable logic |
US5596263A (en) | 1993-12-01 | 1997-01-21 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | Electrical power distribution system apparatus-resident personality memory module |
US5576625A (en) * | 1994-02-07 | 1996-11-19 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Test method and apparatus for testing a protective relay system |
US5485343A (en) * | 1994-02-22 | 1996-01-16 | General Electric Company | Digital circuit interrupter with battery back-up facility |
US5581471A (en) | 1994-04-08 | 1996-12-03 | Mceachern; Alexander | Method and apparatus for storing electric power measurements |
US5629869A (en) * | 1994-04-11 | 1997-05-13 | Abb Power T&D Company | Intelligent circuit breaker providing synchronous switching and condition monitoring |
US5559719A (en) * | 1994-05-26 | 1996-09-24 | Eaton Corporation | Digitally controlled circuit interrupter with improved automatic selection of sampling interval for 50 Hz and 60 Hz power systems |
US5629870A (en) * | 1994-05-31 | 1997-05-13 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | Method and apparatus for predicting electric induction machine failure during operation |
FR2722622B1 (en) * | 1994-07-18 | 1996-08-30 | Schneider Electric Sa | ELECTRONIC TRIGGER COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE ADJUSTING MEMBER |
US5560022A (en) | 1994-07-19 | 1996-09-24 | Intel Corporation | Power management coordinator system and interface |
US5544065A (en) | 1994-08-09 | 1996-08-06 | Eaton Corporation | Apparatus for digitizing ac signals of unknown or changing frequency |
US6377874B1 (en) * | 1994-09-07 | 2002-04-23 | Spd Technologies Inc. | Power distribution system including integrated power node control center |
US5534833A (en) | 1994-10-11 | 1996-07-09 | General Electric Company | Circuit breaker remote closing operator |
US5587917A (en) | 1994-10-17 | 1996-12-24 | Eaton Corporation | Data collection and processing for digital AC power system monitor/analyzer |
US5530738A (en) * | 1994-11-21 | 1996-06-25 | Infrastructure Instruments Inc. | Electric power measuring instrument with speech synthesis feature |
US5692215A (en) * | 1994-12-23 | 1997-11-25 | Gerotech, Inc. | System for generating periodic reports, generating trend analysis, and intervention in accordance with trend analysis from a detection subsystem for monitoring daily living activity |
US5650936A (en) | 1994-12-30 | 1997-07-22 | Cd Power Measurement Limited | Power monitor apparatus and method with object oriented structure |
US6751562B1 (en) * | 2000-11-28 | 2004-06-15 | Power Measurement Ltd. | Communications architecture for intelligent electronic devices |
US5572438A (en) * | 1995-01-05 | 1996-11-05 | Teco Energy Management Services | Engery management and building automation system |
FR2729513B1 (en) | 1995-01-17 | 1997-04-11 | Schneider Electric Sa | DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING AN ELECTRICAL SYSTEM |
US5821704A (en) * | 1995-04-28 | 1998-10-13 | The Genlyte Group Incorporated | Single wire, multiple phase remote dimming system |
US6291911B1 (en) * | 1995-05-15 | 2001-09-18 | Cooper Industries, Inc. | Electrical switchgear with synchronous control system and actuator |
US5621776A (en) * | 1995-07-14 | 1997-04-15 | General Electric Company | Fault-tolerant reactor protection system |
US20010044588A1 (en) | 1996-02-22 | 2001-11-22 | Mault James R. | Monitoring system |
FR2745432B1 (en) * | 1996-02-22 | 1998-08-07 | Schneider Electric Sa | ELECTRONIC TRIGGER HAVING A POWER SUPPLY DEVICE |
US6441931B1 (en) * | 1996-02-23 | 2002-08-27 | Nortel Networks Limited | Method and apparatus for monitoring a dedicated communications medium in a switched data network |
US5661658A (en) | 1996-02-28 | 1997-08-26 | Eaton Corporation | Electrical system monitoring apparatus with programmable custom display |
US5734255A (en) | 1996-03-13 | 1998-03-31 | Alaska Power Systems Inc. | Control system and circuits for distributed electrical power generating stations |
US5670923A (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1997-09-23 | General Electric Company | Tripping device reset arrangement |
US5768148A (en) * | 1996-04-03 | 1998-06-16 | General Electric Company | Man machine interface for power management control systems |
US5862391A (en) * | 1996-04-03 | 1999-01-19 | General Electric Company | Power management control system |
US5946210A (en) * | 1996-04-19 | 1999-08-31 | Vlt Corporation | Configuring power converters |
US5828983A (en) | 1996-08-29 | 1998-10-27 | Allen Bradley Company, Llc | Method and apparatus for processing a sampled waveform |
US5809045A (en) * | 1996-09-13 | 1998-09-15 | General Electric Company | Digital current differential system |
IT1286047B1 (en) * | 1996-10-25 | 1998-07-07 | Abb Research Ltd | ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM WITH AUTOMATIC PROTECTION SWITCHES AND RELATED PROCEDURE |
US5784237A (en) * | 1996-11-29 | 1998-07-21 | S&C Electric Company | Control method and apparatus for power distribution network |
CA2223260C (en) * | 1996-12-03 | 2003-03-11 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Electric power system protection and control system and distributed control system |
CA2223314C (en) * | 1996-12-03 | 2003-03-18 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Electric power system protection and control system and distributed control system |
US6018449A (en) * | 1996-12-04 | 2000-01-25 | Energyline Systems, L.P. | Method for automated reconfiguration of a distribution system using distributed control logic and communications |
US5784243A (en) * | 1997-02-07 | 1998-07-21 | General Electric Company | Modular accessory mechanical look-out mechanism |
US7216043B2 (en) * | 1997-02-12 | 2007-05-08 | Power Measurement Ltd. | Push communications architecture for intelligent electronic devices |
EP0960509B1 (en) * | 1997-02-17 | 2005-12-07 | COMMUNICATION & CONTROL ELECTRONICS LIMITED | Local communication system |
GB9713230D0 (en) * | 1997-06-23 | 1997-08-27 | Northern Electric Distribution | Electrical power supply circuits |
US5943201A (en) * | 1997-08-04 | 1999-08-24 | Eaton Corporation | Method and apparatus for setting trip profiles in electrical switches using a portable unit with a non-volatile memory |
US6292901B1 (en) | 1997-08-26 | 2001-09-18 | Color Kinetics Incorporated | Power/data protocol |
US5924486A (en) * | 1997-10-29 | 1999-07-20 | Tecom, Inc. | Environmental condition control and energy management system and method |
US6556560B1 (en) * | 1997-12-04 | 2003-04-29 | At&T Corp. | Low-latency audio interface for packet telephony |
US6139327A (en) | 1997-12-31 | 2000-10-31 | Aai Corporation | Remotely controlled simulated linear circuit breaker assembly |
US5958060A (en) | 1998-01-02 | 1999-09-28 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for clock control and synchronization |
US6242703B1 (en) * | 1998-01-14 | 2001-06-05 | General Electric Company | Bell alarm with automatic reset for small frame air circuit breaker |
US5875088A (en) * | 1998-02-17 | 1999-02-23 | Eaton Corporation | Electrical switching apparatus employing interlocks for first and second trip functions |
US6141196A (en) | 1998-03-02 | 2000-10-31 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for compensation of phasor estimations |
JP3352411B2 (en) * | 1998-03-05 | 2002-12-03 | 株式会社東芝 | Control system, power system protection control system, and storage medium storing program |
US6373855B1 (en) * | 1998-03-05 | 2002-04-16 | Intel Corporation | System and method for using audio performance to control video bandwidth |
US6922558B2 (en) | 1998-03-06 | 2005-07-26 | Don Delp | Integrated building control and information system with wireless networking |
US6292717B1 (en) * | 1998-03-19 | 2001-09-18 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | Energy information device and graphical display for a circuit breaker |
US6289267B1 (en) * | 1998-03-19 | 2001-09-11 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | Graphical energy information display system having a menu for user selection of energy related information for an AC load control device |
US6138241A (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 2000-10-24 | Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. | Apparatus for and method of inhibiting and overriding an electrical control device |
US6167329A (en) * | 1998-04-06 | 2000-12-26 | Eaton Corporation | Dual microprocessor electronic trip unit for a circuit interrupter |
US6313975B1 (en) * | 1998-05-08 | 2001-11-06 | Square D Company | Self-sourcing, isolated zone selective interlocking system for use with electronic trip circuit breakers |
US6005757A (en) * | 1998-05-11 | 1999-12-21 | Eaton Corporation | Electrical switching device or trip unit acquiring predetermined settings from another electrical switching device or trip unit |
US5936817A (en) * | 1998-05-11 | 1999-08-10 | Eaton Corporation | Electrical switching apparatus employing a circuit for selectively enabling and disabling a close actuator mechanism |
US5982595A (en) | 1998-06-05 | 1999-11-09 | General Electric Company | Redundant communications in a protective relay |
US6125453A (en) * | 1998-06-30 | 2000-09-26 | Sandia Corporation | Cut set-based risk and reliability analysis for arbitrarily interconnected networks |
US6480510B1 (en) | 1998-07-28 | 2002-11-12 | Serconet Ltd. | Local area network of serial intelligent cells |
US6288882B1 (en) | 1998-08-24 | 2001-09-11 | Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. | Circuit breaker with independent trip and reset lockout |
US5973899A (en) | 1998-09-10 | 1999-10-26 | Pacificorp | Automated power feeder restoration system and method |
US6084758A (en) * | 1998-10-26 | 2000-07-04 | Eaton Corporation | Power distribution system with circuit breakers remotely resettable by signals transmitted over the power lines |
US20010010032A1 (en) | 1998-10-27 | 2001-07-26 | Ehlers Gregory A. | Energy management and building automation system |
US6321187B1 (en) * | 1998-12-22 | 2001-11-20 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | System reliability assessment tool |
US6459997B1 (en) | 1998-12-28 | 2002-10-01 | General Electric Company | Method for event analysis at an intelligent electronic device |
US6496342B1 (en) * | 1999-02-12 | 2002-12-17 | Bitronics Inc. | Distributed monitoring and protection system for a distributed power network |
US6775320B1 (en) * | 1999-03-12 | 2004-08-10 | Aware, Inc. | Method and a multi-carrier transceiver supporting dynamic switching between active application sets |
US6405104B1 (en) * | 1999-03-24 | 2002-06-11 | General Electric Corporation | Fault data synchronization via peer-to-peer communications network |
US6292340B1 (en) | 1999-04-09 | 2001-09-18 | Electrical Materials Company | Apparatus for isolation of high impedance faults |
US6366864B1 (en) * | 1999-05-05 | 2002-04-02 | General Electric Company | Adaptive sampling rate based on power system frequency |
US6194969B1 (en) * | 1999-05-19 | 2001-02-27 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | System and method for providing master and slave phase-aligned clocks |
US6262872B1 (en) * | 1999-06-03 | 2001-07-17 | General Electric Company | Electronic trip unit with user-adjustable sensitivity to current spikes |
US6268991B1 (en) | 1999-06-25 | 2001-07-31 | General Electric Company | Method and arrangement for customizing electronic circuit interrupters |
FR2798525B1 (en) * | 1999-09-09 | 2001-11-02 | Schneider Electric Ind Sa | ELECTRONIC TRIGGER COMPRISING AN INITIALIZATION DEVICE |
US6462921B1 (en) | 1999-11-05 | 2002-10-08 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | Auto chopping control during data acquisition for a circuit breaker |
US6504694B1 (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2003-01-07 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | Circuit breaker system with ASM instantaneous overcurrent indication |
US6297939B1 (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2001-10-02 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | Zone selective interlock for a circuit breaker system |
US6560084B1 (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2003-05-06 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | Circuit breaker having programmable amplifier |
US6441723B1 (en) * | 1999-11-15 | 2002-08-27 | General Electric Company | Highly reliable power line communications system |
GB9927142D0 (en) * | 1999-11-17 | 2000-01-12 | Carver Plc | Electrical control system |
US7254120B2 (en) * | 1999-12-09 | 2007-08-07 | Broadcom Corporation | Data rate controller |
US7379981B2 (en) | 2000-01-31 | 2008-05-27 | Kenneth W. Garrard | Wireless communication enabled meter and network |
DE10006245A1 (en) * | 2000-02-11 | 2001-08-30 | Siemens Ag | Method for improving the quality of an audio transmission over a packet-oriented communication network and communication device for implementing the method |
AU2001238251A1 (en) | 2000-02-14 | 2001-08-27 | Infoglide Corporation | Monitoring and control of processes and machines |
CA2299943A1 (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2001-09-03 | Shane M. Rogers | Apparatus for adjusting a local sampling rate based on the rate of reception of packets |
ES2236222T3 (en) * | 2000-05-05 | 2005-07-16 | Nomadix, Inc. | DEVICE FOR SUPERVISION OF THE USE OF A NETWORK AND ASSOCIATED PROCEDURE. |
US6406328B1 (en) * | 2000-05-08 | 2002-06-18 | General Electric Company | Remote LCD adapter and method for electronic circuit breakers |
US6373357B1 (en) | 2000-05-16 | 2002-04-16 | General Electric Company | Pressure sensitive trip mechanism for a rotary breaker |
US6718481B1 (en) * | 2000-05-26 | 2004-04-06 | Emc Corporation | Multiple hierarichal/peer domain file server with domain based, cross domain cooperative fault handling mechanisms |
US6330141B1 (en) * | 2000-06-13 | 2001-12-11 | Eaton Corporation | Electronic protective relay with variable and fixed delay tally time of current protection |
US6411865B1 (en) * | 2000-06-26 | 2002-06-25 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | System for protection zone selection in microprocessor-based relays in an electric power system |
AU2001271682A1 (en) * | 2000-07-20 | 2002-02-05 | Thomson Licensing S.A. | Multi-media jitter removal in an asynchronous digital home network |
US6760764B1 (en) * | 2000-08-09 | 2004-07-06 | Alcatel Canada Inc. | Real time stamp distribution |
EP1314080A2 (en) * | 2000-08-21 | 2003-05-28 | Woodhead Industries, Inc. | Industrial switching hub for ethernet network |
EP1211842A1 (en) * | 2000-11-30 | 2002-06-05 | BRITISH TELECOMMUNICATIONS public limited company | Network management apparatus |
US6611215B2 (en) * | 2000-12-06 | 2003-08-26 | Microsoft Corporation | System and related methods for processing audio content in a filter graph |
US7913170B2 (en) | 2000-12-20 | 2011-03-22 | National Instruments Corporation | System and method for performing type checking for hardware device nodes in a graphical program |
SE0004838D0 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2000-12-22 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Method and communication apparatus in a communication system |
US7062359B2 (en) | 2000-12-29 | 2006-06-13 | Abb Ab | Substation control system |
US7020790B2 (en) | 2001-02-08 | 2006-03-28 | Honeywell International Inc. | Electric load management center including gateway module and multiple load management modules for distributing power to multiple loads |
JP3907998B2 (en) | 2001-02-09 | 2007-04-18 | 株式会社東芝 | Substation protection control system |
US6745138B2 (en) | 2001-02-23 | 2004-06-01 | Power Measurement, Ltd. | Intelligent electronic device with assured data storage on powerdown |
US6813571B2 (en) | 2001-02-23 | 2004-11-02 | Power Measurement, Ltd. | Apparatus and method for seamlessly upgrading the firmware of an intelligent electronic device |
US20020124011A1 (en) | 2001-03-01 | 2002-09-05 | Baxter Robert W. | Methods, systems, and computer program products for communicating with a controller using a database interface |
US6628992B2 (en) | 2001-04-05 | 2003-09-30 | Automation Solutions, Inc. | Remote terminal unit |
US6940935B2 (en) | 2001-04-05 | 2005-09-06 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | System and method for aligning data between local and remote sources thereof |
CN1251380C (en) | 2001-04-17 | 2006-04-12 | 西安德赛控制系统有限责任公司 | Intelligent module system for electric distribution and monitor |
US7272153B2 (en) * | 2001-05-04 | 2007-09-18 | Brooktree Broadband Holding, Inc. | System and method for distributed processing of packet data containing audio information |
SG109956A1 (en) | 2001-06-19 | 2005-04-28 | Eutech Cybernetics Pte Ltd | Method and apparatus for automatically generating a scada system |
US6934745B2 (en) * | 2001-06-28 | 2005-08-23 | Packeteer, Inc. | Methods, apparatuses and systems enabling a network services provider to deliver application performance management services |
US6621672B2 (en) * | 2001-10-01 | 2003-09-16 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | Circuit breaker having analog override |
US20030071633A1 (en) * | 2001-10-16 | 2003-04-17 | Fedirchuk David James | Bus fault protection unit for an electrical power system |
US6694271B1 (en) * | 2001-10-29 | 2004-02-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Integrated circuit breaker protection software |
US6788508B2 (en) * | 2001-11-06 | 2004-09-07 | General Electric Company | Compact low AMP electronic circuit breaker or residential load center |
US7058482B2 (en) * | 2002-02-25 | 2006-06-06 | General Electric Company | Data sample and transmission modules for power distribution systems |
EP1478985B1 (en) * | 2002-02-25 | 2019-04-03 | ABB Schweiz AG | Data sample and transmission modules for power distribution systems |
US6816757B1 (en) * | 2002-09-19 | 2004-11-09 | Abb Technology Ag | Control unit for a power-distribution network |
US7203040B2 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2007-04-10 | Gaton Corporation | Method and circuit breaker for reducing arc flash during maintenance in a low voltage power circuit |
-
2003
- 2003-02-25 EP EP03743224.2A patent/EP1478985B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-25 AU AU2003225594A patent/AU2003225594A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-02-25 WO PCT/US2003/005600 patent/WO2003073571A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-02-25 AU AU2003230563A patent/AU2003230563A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-02-25 US US10/373,572 patent/US7151329B2/en active Active
- 2003-02-25 AU AU2003230567A patent/AU2003230567A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-02-25 WO PCT/US2003/005450 patent/WO2003073214A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-02-25 AU AU2003224622A patent/AU2003224622A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-02-25 AU AU2003216397A patent/AU2003216397A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-02-25 US US10/373,678 patent/US6892145B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-25 US US10/373,641 patent/US6999291B2/en active Active
- 2003-02-25 US US10/373,629 patent/US6985784B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-25 WO PCT/US2003/005626 patent/WO2003073181A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-02-25 WO PCT/US2003/005448 patent/WO2003073176A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-02-25 EP EP03744605.1A patent/EP1479149B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-25 CN CN038046075A patent/CN1639939B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-25 AU AU2003217698A patent/AU2003217698A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-02-25 CN CN2008100989969A patent/CN101291081B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-25 EP EP03713620.7A patent/EP1478984B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-25 AU AU2003228219A patent/AU2003228219A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-02-25 WO PCT/US2003/005449 patent/WO2003073177A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-02-25 EP EP03711228.1A patent/EP1479145B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-25 US US10/373,643 patent/US20030225481A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-02-25 WO PCT/US2003/005628 patent/WO2003073224A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-02-25 CN CNB038046024A patent/CN100559309C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-25 WO PCT/US2003/005451 patent/WO2003073178A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-02-25 EP EP03713619.9A patent/EP1478983B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-25 US US10/373,677 patent/US20030187520A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-02-25 AU AU2003217663A patent/AU2003217663A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-02-25 AU AU2003217662A patent/AU2003217662A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-02-25 AU AU2003215403A patent/AU2003215403A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-02-25 US US10/373,571 patent/US7301738B2/en active Active
- 2003-02-25 US US10/373,575 patent/US7068612B2/en active Active
- 2003-02-25 AU AU2003217689A patent/AU2003217689A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-02-25 AU AU2003213241A patent/AU2003213241A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-02-25 AU AU2003222235A patent/AU2003222235A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-02-25 WO PCT/US2003/005631 patent/WO2003073182A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-02-25 AU AU2003216395A patent/AU2003216395A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-02-25 CN CNB038046105A patent/CN100354777C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-25 WO PCT/US2003/005625 patent/WO2003079511A1/en active Search and Examination
- 2003-02-25 EP EP03743220.0A patent/EP1479144B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-25 US US10/373,574 patent/US7068483B2/en active Active
- 2003-02-25 US US10/373,675 patent/US7058481B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-02-25 US US10/373,583 patent/US7254001B2/en active Active
- 2003-02-25 WO PCT/US2003/005452 patent/WO2003073580A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-02-25 WO PCT/US2003/005453 patent/WO2003073576A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-02-25 CN CN03804613XA patent/CN1639651B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-25 WO PCT/US2003/005457 patent/WO2003073180A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-02-25 AU AU2003216394A patent/AU2003216394A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-02-25 US US10/373,642 patent/US6909942B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-25 EP EP03723644.5A patent/EP1479147B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-25 WO PCT/US2003/005454 patent/WO2003073179A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-02-25 CN CN038046008A patent/CN1639649B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-25 US US10/373,627 patent/US7117105B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-25 AU AU2003231962A patent/AU2003231962A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-02-25 US US10/373,679 patent/US7043340B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-25 WO PCT/US2003/005591 patent/WO2003073312A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-02-25 CN CNB038046040A patent/CN100468279C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-25 US US10/373,676 patent/US6892115B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-25 WO PCT/US2003/005447 patent/WO2003073188A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-02-25 CN CNB038046148A patent/CN100511905C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-25 AU AU2003230562A patent/AU2003230562A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-02-25 WO PCT/US2003/005583 patent/WO2003073454A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-02-25 WO PCT/US2003/005590 patent/WO2003073221A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-02-25 WO PCT/US2003/005601 patent/WO2003073572A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-02-25 AU AU2003248368A patent/AU2003248368A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2007
- 2007-06-20 US US11/765,913 patent/US8213144B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (99)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3938007A (en) * | 1973-05-30 | 1976-02-10 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Company Limited | Electrical network protection device with automatic switch over between protection criteria |
US3956671A (en) * | 1973-08-22 | 1976-05-11 | Allmanna Svenska Elektriska Aktiebolaget | Protection device for objects included in electrical power supply networks |
US3963964A (en) * | 1975-02-07 | 1976-06-15 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Segregated phase comparison system |
US4001742A (en) * | 1975-10-30 | 1977-01-04 | General Electric Company | Circuit breaker having improved operating mechanism |
US4429299A (en) * | 1979-01-05 | 1984-01-31 | Robertshaw Controls Company | Two-way AC power line communications system |
US4245318A (en) * | 1979-05-07 | 1981-01-13 | General Electric Company | Circuit breaker demonstrator and distribution circuit protection coordinator apparatus |
US4311919A (en) * | 1980-09-08 | 1982-01-19 | Public Service Company Of New Mexico | Transfer logic control circuitry |
US4432031A (en) * | 1982-05-03 | 1984-02-14 | General Electric Company | Method for overcurrent protection |
US4642724A (en) * | 1982-06-22 | 1987-02-10 | S&C Electric Company | Trip signal generator for a circuit interrupter |
US4796027A (en) * | 1983-04-13 | 1989-01-03 | Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation | Apparatus for data transmission from multiple sources on a single channel |
US4589074A (en) * | 1983-08-31 | 1986-05-13 | The Boeing Company | Multiple channel power line monitor |
US4652966A (en) * | 1986-01-23 | 1987-03-24 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | Solenoid-actuated mechanical interlock for a motor controller |
US4833592A (en) * | 1986-09-01 | 1989-05-23 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Master station apparatus for remote supervisory control system with touch panel video display |
US5101191A (en) * | 1987-12-01 | 1992-03-31 | Smart House Limited Partnership | Electrical and communication system capable of providing uninterruptable power in a house |
US4996646A (en) * | 1988-03-31 | 1991-02-26 | Square D Company | Microprocessor-controlled circuit breaker and system |
US5185705A (en) * | 1988-03-31 | 1993-02-09 | Square D Company | Circuit breaker having serial data communications |
US4983955A (en) * | 1988-11-28 | 1991-01-08 | Hendry Mechanical Works | Electric power supply circuit monitoring systems |
US5629825A (en) * | 1990-04-02 | 1997-05-13 | Square D Company | Apparatus and method for detecting a fault in a distributed line network |
US5305174A (en) * | 1990-09-03 | 1994-04-19 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Method of and device for protecting electrical power system |
US5627716A (en) * | 1990-12-28 | 1997-05-06 | Eaton Corporation | Overcurrent protection device |
US6055145A (en) * | 1990-12-28 | 2000-04-25 | Eaton Corporation | Overcurrent protection device with visual indicators for trip and programming functions |
US5182547A (en) * | 1991-01-16 | 1993-01-26 | High Voltage Maintenance | Neutral wire current monitoring for three-phase four-wire power distribution system |
US5179376A (en) * | 1991-02-28 | 1993-01-12 | Systems Analysis And Integration, Inc. | Substation load distribution monitor system |
US5892449A (en) * | 1991-06-28 | 1999-04-06 | Square D Company | Electrical distribution system with an external multiple input and status unit |
US5301121A (en) * | 1991-07-11 | 1994-04-05 | General Electric Company | Measuring electrical parameters of power line operation, using a digital computer |
US5196831A (en) * | 1991-07-19 | 1993-03-23 | General Electric Company | Electric switchgear equipment with detection of unauthorized changes to the setpoints |
US5420799A (en) * | 1991-08-15 | 1995-05-30 | Eaton Corporation | Circuit breaker - associated backpack unit for lower-link communication with a PC computer monitoring system and energy monitoring system using a plurality of such backpack units |
US5384712A (en) * | 1991-08-15 | 1995-01-24 | Eaton Corporation | Energy monitoring system for a plurality of local stations with snapshot polling from a central station |
US5311392A (en) * | 1991-08-30 | 1994-05-10 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | Dual processor electric power trip unit |
US5414635A (en) * | 1991-11-08 | 1995-05-09 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Oscilloscope with dynamic triggering determination |
US5490086A (en) * | 1992-03-06 | 1996-02-06 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | Plug-in ground fault monitor for a circuit breaker |
US5214560A (en) * | 1992-06-19 | 1993-05-25 | Square D Company | Microprocessor watch-dog monitor for electronic trip units |
US5493468A (en) * | 1992-08-21 | 1996-02-20 | Eaton Corporation | Electrical contactor system with transfer of scaled overload information |
US5402299A (en) * | 1992-09-18 | 1995-03-28 | S&C Electric Company | Coordination arrangment for protective devices in electrical systems |
US5381554A (en) * | 1992-11-24 | 1995-01-10 | Exide Electronics | Uninterrupted power supply (UPS) system interfacing with communications network |
US5406495A (en) * | 1993-02-01 | 1995-04-11 | Systems Analysis And Integration, Inc. | Substation load distribution monitor system |
US5737231A (en) * | 1993-11-30 | 1998-04-07 | Square D Company | Metering unit with enhanced DMA transfer |
US5608646A (en) * | 1994-01-11 | 1997-03-04 | Systems Analysis And Integration, Inc. | Power distribution system control network |
US6061609A (en) * | 1994-03-18 | 2000-05-09 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Electrical power distribution monitoring system and method |
US5619392A (en) * | 1994-06-13 | 1997-04-08 | Asea Brown Boveri Ag | Method and device for protecting busbars |
US5631798A (en) * | 1994-06-27 | 1997-05-20 | General Electric Company | Modular accessory mechanical lock-out mechanism |
US5487016A (en) * | 1994-11-04 | 1996-01-23 | Eaton Corporation | Apparatus for generating a signal representative of total harmonic distortion in waveforms of an A/C electrical system |
US5627718A (en) * | 1994-11-18 | 1997-05-06 | Eaton Corporation | Apparatus providing protection and metering in an ac electrical system utilizing a multi-function sampling technique |
US5600527A (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 1997-02-04 | Eaton Corporation | Circuit interrupter providing protection and waveform capture for harmonic analysis |
US5719738A (en) * | 1994-12-27 | 1998-02-17 | General Electric Company | Circuit breaker remote closing operator |
US5627717A (en) * | 1994-12-28 | 1997-05-06 | Philips Electronics North America Corporation | Electronic processing unit, and circuit breaker including such a unit |
US5736847A (en) * | 1994-12-30 | 1998-04-07 | Cd Power Measurement Limited | Power meter for determining parameters of muliphase power lines |
US6185508B1 (en) * | 1994-12-30 | 2001-02-06 | Power Measurement, Ltd. | Power meter for determining parameters of multi-phase power lines |
US5596473A (en) * | 1995-02-06 | 1997-01-21 | Eaton Corporation | Electrical switches with current protection interfaced with a remote station and a portable local unit |
US5867385A (en) * | 1995-05-30 | 1999-02-02 | Roy-G-Biv Corporation | Motion control systems |
US5613798A (en) * | 1995-07-06 | 1997-03-25 | Braverman; Josef J. | Traffic marker and base unit |
US5906271A (en) * | 1995-08-07 | 1999-05-25 | General Electric Company | Means of remote charge indication for high ampere-rated circuit breakers |
US5721830A (en) * | 1995-09-12 | 1998-02-24 | Pc-Tel, Inc. | Host signal processing communication system that compensates for missed execution of signal maintenance procedures |
US5872785A (en) * | 1995-09-19 | 1999-02-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for switching narrowband partial line bundles between communications systems via an ATM communication network |
US5734576A (en) * | 1995-12-22 | 1998-03-31 | Eaton Corporation | Method and apparatus for remote testing of coordination of overcurrent protection devices in an electrical power system |
US6047321A (en) * | 1996-02-23 | 2000-04-04 | Nortel Networks Corporation | Method and apparatus for monitoring a dedicated communications medium in a switched data network |
US5754440A (en) * | 1996-02-28 | 1998-05-19 | Eaton Corporation | Apparatus for harmonic analysis of waveforms in an AC electrical system |
US5754033A (en) * | 1996-03-13 | 1998-05-19 | Alaska Power Systems Inc. | Control system and circuits for distributed electrical-power generating stations |
US6901299B1 (en) * | 1996-04-03 | 2005-05-31 | Don Whitehead | Man machine interface for power management control systems |
US5742513A (en) * | 1996-05-15 | 1998-04-21 | Abb Power T&D Company Inc. | Methods and systems for automatic testing of a relay |
US5872722A (en) * | 1996-09-04 | 1999-02-16 | Eaton Corporation | Apparatus and method for adjustment and coordination of circuit breaker trip curves through graphical manipulation |
US5903426A (en) * | 1996-10-18 | 1999-05-11 | Balluff, Inc. | Overvoltage protection apparatus for a data interface |
US6236949B1 (en) * | 1997-02-12 | 2001-05-22 | Power Measurement Ltd. | Digital sensor apparatus and system for protection, control and management of electricity distribution systems |
US5890097A (en) * | 1997-03-04 | 1999-03-30 | Eaton Corporation | Apparatus for waveform disturbance monitoring for an electric power system |
US5751524A (en) * | 1997-03-10 | 1998-05-12 | Square D Company | Ground fault protection circuit for a multiple source system |
US6396279B1 (en) * | 1997-04-04 | 2002-05-28 | Omicron Electronics Gmbh | Method and device for testing differential protection relays or differential protection relay systems |
US6173343B1 (en) * | 1997-09-19 | 2001-01-09 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Data processing system and method with central processing unit-determined peripheral device service |
US6351823B1 (en) * | 1997-11-06 | 2002-02-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and device for monitoring a computer system having at least two processors |
US20020059401A1 (en) * | 1997-11-14 | 2002-05-16 | National Instruments Corporation | Assembly of a graphical program for accessing data from a data source/target |
US20020064010A1 (en) * | 1997-11-26 | 2002-05-30 | Energyline Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for automated reconfiguration of an electric power distribution system with enhanced protection |
US6347027B1 (en) * | 1997-11-26 | 2002-02-12 | Energyline Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for automated reconfiguration of an electric power distribution system with enhanced protection |
US6054661A (en) * | 1998-01-14 | 2000-04-25 | General Electric Company | Circuit breaker bell alarm accessory with lockout function |
US6185482B1 (en) * | 1998-03-10 | 2001-02-06 | Abb Power T&D Company Inc. | System and method for rms overcurrent backup function |
US20020032535A1 (en) * | 1998-03-19 | 2002-03-14 | James O. Alexander | Energy information management method for use with a circuit breaker |
US6038516A (en) * | 1998-03-19 | 2000-03-14 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | Method for graphically displaying a menu for selection and viewing of the load related parameters of a load connected to an AC load control device |
US6175780B1 (en) * | 1998-04-06 | 2001-01-16 | Eaton Corporation | Accessory network for an electronic trip unit |
US6198402B1 (en) * | 1998-04-17 | 2001-03-06 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Electric power system protection and control system |
US6195243B1 (en) * | 1998-05-05 | 2001-02-27 | George Auther Spencer | Method and apparatus for adaptive configuration and control in a network of electronic circuit breakers |
US6212049B1 (en) * | 1998-05-05 | 2001-04-03 | George Auther Spencer | Load center monitor for electrical power lines |
US5905616A (en) * | 1998-06-01 | 1999-05-18 | Square D Company | Load selectivity system for use with electronic trip circuit breakers |
US6369996B1 (en) * | 1998-09-17 | 2002-04-09 | Alstom Uk Limited | Fault protection scheme |
US6018451A (en) * | 1998-09-28 | 2000-01-25 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | Circuit breaker trip unit and method for real-time fault indication |
US6341054B1 (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2002-01-22 | Mcgraw-Edison Company | Intelligent power distribution network |
US6553418B1 (en) * | 1999-01-02 | 2003-04-22 | Daniel J. Collins | Energy information and control system |
US6233128B1 (en) * | 1999-03-29 | 2001-05-15 | George A. Spencer | Data retention in a circuit breaker |
US6385022B1 (en) * | 1999-06-03 | 2002-05-07 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for deriving power system data from configurable source points |
US6186842B1 (en) * | 1999-08-09 | 2001-02-13 | Power Measurement Ltd. | Revenue meter bayonet assembly and method of attachment |
US6397155B1 (en) * | 1999-08-09 | 2002-05-28 | Power Measurement Ltd. | Method and apparatus for automatically controlled gain switching of monitors |
US6549880B1 (en) * | 1999-09-15 | 2003-04-15 | Mcgraw Edison Company | Reliability of electrical distribution networks |
US6356422B1 (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2002-03-12 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | Circuit breaker communication and control system |
US6377051B1 (en) * | 1999-12-03 | 2002-04-23 | Abb Power T&D Company Inc. | Relay test set using computer controlled voltage supply to stimulate both voltage and current transformers |
US6356849B1 (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2002-03-12 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Method for automatically scaling sampled representations of single-valued and multi-valued waveforms |
US6535797B1 (en) * | 2000-02-01 | 2003-03-18 | Spectrum Engineering Corporation | Electrical distribution system and method of monitoring and/or controlling same |
US20020010518A1 (en) * | 2000-02-25 | 2002-01-24 | Reid Drew A. | Energy management system |
US20020034086A1 (en) * | 2000-06-01 | 2002-03-21 | Scoggins Robert L. | Line side power and energy management system and methods |
US20020045992A1 (en) * | 2000-09-25 | 2002-04-18 | Shincovich John T. | Point of use digital electric energy apparatus and method for measuring out-of-specification energy |
US20020063635A1 (en) * | 2000-09-25 | 2002-05-30 | Shincovich John T. | Point of use digital electric energy apparatus with TCP/ IP network communication |
US20030043785A1 (en) * | 2001-08-23 | 2003-03-06 | Ming-Kang Liu | Configurable digital subscriber loop access and end-to-end data and analog voice connection system |
US7006524B2 (en) * | 2002-06-12 | 2006-02-28 | Natis Communications Corporation | Modular SCADA communication apparatus and system for using same |
Cited By (31)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005107035A3 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2006-01-26 | Siemens Ag | Power supply device |
US20080086649A1 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2008-04-10 | Dieter Hublitz | Power Supply Device |
WO2005107035A2 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2005-11-10 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Power supply device |
US7631204B2 (en) | 2004-04-30 | 2009-12-08 | Siemens Aktiengessellschaft | Power supply device having communication channels with different types of communication connections |
US7685447B2 (en) * | 2006-07-05 | 2010-03-23 | Eaton Corporation | Circuit interrupter and method modulating configurable processor clock to provide reduced current consumption |
US20080010472A1 (en) * | 2006-07-05 | 2008-01-10 | Eaton Corporation | Circuit interrupter and method modulating configurable processor clock to provide reduced current consumption |
US20090314615A1 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2009-12-24 | Bruno Christensen | Motor operator for switchgear for mains power distribution systems |
US8996188B2 (en) | 2008-02-01 | 2015-03-31 | Energyhub | System and method for home energy monitor and control |
US20110061014A1 (en) * | 2008-02-01 | 2011-03-10 | Energyhub | Interfacing to resource consumption management devices |
US20110063126A1 (en) * | 2008-02-01 | 2011-03-17 | Energyhub | Communications hub for resource consumption management |
US8255090B2 (en) * | 2008-02-01 | 2012-08-28 | Energyhub | System and method for home energy monitor and control |
US11391600B2 (en) | 2008-02-01 | 2022-07-19 | Energy Hub, Inc. | Interfacing to resource consumption management devices |
US10557876B2 (en) | 2008-02-01 | 2020-02-11 | Energyhub | System and method for home energy monitor and control |
US20090195349A1 (en) * | 2008-02-01 | 2009-08-06 | Energyhub | System and method for home energy monitor and control |
US20130151178A1 (en) * | 2010-08-11 | 2013-06-13 | Hanbit Power Tech Co., Ltd | Apparatus and Method for Measuring Electric Power |
US8713404B2 (en) * | 2011-07-01 | 2014-04-29 | Apple Inc. | Controller interface providing improved data reliability |
US20130007562A1 (en) * | 2011-07-01 | 2013-01-03 | Apple Inc. | Controller Interface Providing Improved Data Reliability |
WO2013062577A1 (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-02 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Management of a computer |
US20140226248A1 (en) * | 2013-02-13 | 2014-08-14 | General Electric Company | Apparatus, systems, and methods for operation of a trip unit in a circuit protection device |
US9214797B2 (en) * | 2013-02-13 | 2015-12-15 | General Electric Company | Apparatus, systems, and methods for operation of a trip unit in a circuit protection device |
JP2014225976A (en) * | 2013-05-16 | 2014-12-04 | 富士電機株式会社 | Power flow controller for power distribution system, power flow control system for power distribution system, power flow control method for power distribution system, and program |
JP2016092881A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2016-05-23 | 有限会社バベッジ | Breaker and breaker device control |
CN110121818A (en) * | 2017-01-06 | 2019-08-13 | 伊顿智能动力有限公司 | Control system for electric device |
US11588315B2 (en) | 2017-01-06 | 2023-02-21 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Control system for an electrical apparatus |
US11054877B2 (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2021-07-06 | Intel Corporation | Power management based on real time platform power sensing |
US11016453B2 (en) | 2018-04-05 | 2021-05-25 | General Electric Technology Gmbh | Systems and methods for controlling a power generation unit |
CN111561397A (en) * | 2019-02-13 | 2020-08-21 | 普拉特 - 惠特尼加拿大公司 | Method and system for starting an engine |
EP3731034A1 (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2020-10-28 | General Electric Technology GmbH | Systems and methods for controlling a power |
CN110752673A (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2020-02-04 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司嘉兴供电公司 | System and method for realizing intelligent linkage processing of main and auxiliary control of transformer substation based on event chain |
CN113300326A (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2021-08-24 | 罗克韦尔自动化技术公司 | Gateway interface for enhancing circuit breaker disconnection |
US20230090370A1 (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2023-03-23 | Schneider Electric USA, Inc. | A lighted visual trip indicator module for circuit breakers |
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20030187520A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for circuit breaker node software architecture | |
US7747356B2 (en) | Integrated protection, monitoring, and control system | |
US7058482B2 (en) | Data sample and transmission modules for power distribution systems | |
US7012421B2 (en) | Energy calculation methods in power distribution systems | |
EP3001535B1 (en) | Protection control system for process bus, merging unit, and computation device | |
US20030212473A1 (en) | Processing system for a power distribution system |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, NEW YORK Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:PEARLMAN, MARC ROBERT;ANDARAWIS, EMAD ANDARAWIS;SCHNORE, AUSTARS RAYMOND JR.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:014159/0367 Effective date: 20030430 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |