US20030095949A1 - Adeno-associated viral vectors for the treatment and prevention of diabetes - Google Patents

Adeno-associated viral vectors for the treatment and prevention of diabetes Download PDF

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US20030095949A1
US20030095949A1 US10/340,112 US34011203A US2003095949A1 US 20030095949 A1 US20030095949 A1 US 20030095949A1 US 34011203 A US34011203 A US 34011203A US 2003095949 A1 US2003095949 A1 US 2003095949A1
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vector
protein
promoter
animal
cells
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Terence Flotte
Sihong Song
Barry Byrne
Michael Morgan
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University of Florida Research Foundation Inc
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Priority to US11/932,912 priority patent/US20090186002A1/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/81Protease inhibitors
    • C07K14/8107Endopeptidase (E.C. 3.4.21-99) inhibitors
    • C07K14/811Serine protease (E.C. 3.4.21) inhibitors
    • C07K14/8121Serpins
    • C07K14/8125Alpha-1-antitrypsin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/55Protease inhibitors
    • A61K38/57Protease inhibitors from animals; from humans
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A61P3/10Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/63Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
    • C12N15/79Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
    • C12N15/85Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells
    • C12N15/86Viral vectors
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K48/00Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2750/00MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssDNA viruses
    • C12N2750/00011Details
    • C12N2750/14011Parvoviridae
    • C12N2750/14111Dependovirus, e.g. adenoassociated viruses
    • C12N2750/14141Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector
    • C12N2750/14143Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector viral genome or elements thereof as genetic vector

Definitions

  • Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is the second most common monogenic lung disease in man, accounting for approximately 3% of all early deaths due to obstructive pulmonary disease.
  • AAT protein is normally produced in the liver, secreted into the serum and circulated to the lung where it protects the fine supporting network of elastin fibers from degradation by neutrophil elastase.
  • Current therapy for AAT deficiency includes avoidance of cigarette smoke exposure and weekly intravenous infusions of recombinant human AAT (hAAT) protein.
  • AAV adeno-associated virus
  • Recombinant AAV latency also differs from that of wtAAV in that wtAAV is rapidly converted to double-stranded DNA in the absence of helper virus (e.g., adenovirus) infection, while with rAAV leading strand synthesis is delayed in the absence of helper virus (Fisher et al., 1996; Ferrari et al., 1996).
  • helper virus e.g., adenovirus
  • Kessler et al. demonstrated that murine skeletal myofibers transduced by an rAAV vector were capable of sustained secretion of biologically active human erythropoietin (hEpo), apparently without eliciting a significant immune response against the secreted hEpo. See also U.S. Pat. No. 5,858,351 issued to Podsakoff et al. Likewise, Murphy et al. (1997) have observed the expression and secretion of sustained levels of leptin in ob/ob mice after AAV muscle transduction. Brantly et al. (U.S. Pat. No.
  • 5,439,824 disclose methods for increasing expression of AAT using vectors comprising intron II of the human AAT gene.
  • the level of leptin expression observed was only in the range of 2 to 5 ng/ml.
  • Therapy for AAT deficiency requires serum levels of at least about 800 ⁇ g/ml.
  • the subject invention concerns materials and methods for gene therapy.
  • One aspect of the invention pertains to vectors which can be used to provide genetic therapy in animals or humans having a genetic disorder where relatively high levels of expression of a protein is required to treat the disorder.
  • the vectors of the invention are based on adeno-associated virus (AAV).
  • AAV adeno-associated virus
  • the vectors are designed to provide high levels of expression of heterologous DNA contained in the vector.
  • the vectors comprise AAV inverted terminal repeat sequences and constitutive or regulatable promoters for driving high levels of gene expression.
  • the subject invention also pertains to methods for treating animals or humans in need of gene therapy, e.g., to correct a genetic deficiency disorder.
  • FIG. 1 shows rAAV-AAT vector cassettes used according to the subject invention
  • the A-AT and B-AT constructs contain the promoters from the small nuclear RNA genes, U1a and U1b, respectively.
  • the C-AT construct contains the CMV promoter, whereas the E-AT vector uses the human elongation factor 1- ⁇ (ELF in the figure) promoter.
  • ITR refers to AAV inverted terminal repeat; An refers to polyA signal; Tk refers to the HSV thymidine kinase promoter; neo refers to the TnS neomycin phosphotransferase gene.
  • FIG. 2 shows hAAT secretion rates in vitro from transiently transfected murine C2C12 myoblast cell line using expression vectors according to the subject invention.
  • C-AT does not differ significantly from E-AT, but both differ from A-AT and B-AT (p ⁇ 0.05)
  • AAT expression was detected using an ELISA assay specific for human AAT.
  • FIG. 3 shows hAAT secretion rates in vitro from stably transduced murine C2C12 myoblast cell line using viral particles comprising expression vectors according to the subject invention.
  • the mean rates of secretion from G418-resistant cultures 1 mo after transduction with either packaged B-AT vector or packaged C-AT vector are shown.
  • a “low” multiplicity transduction (4 ⁇ 10 5 particles/cell) and a high multiplicity transduction (4 ⁇ 10 6 particles/cell) were performed.
  • AAT expression was detected using an ELISA assay specific for human AAT.
  • FIG. 4 shows additional constructs tested for hAAT expression.
  • the murine myoblast C2C12 cells were grown in 35-mm wells with approximately 4 ⁇ 10 5 cell per well and were transfectd with 5 ⁇ g of the appropriate plasmid DNA using SUPERFECT transfection (Qiagen Inc., CA). Secretion of hAAT into the medium was assessed at 2 days after transfection using an antigen-capture ELISA. Each bar represents the mean of results from three experiments (triplicate in each experiment).
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B show sustained secretion of therapeutic levels of hAAT using either the C-AT vector or the E-AT vector in either SCID or C57BL mice.
  • FIG. 5A shows the mean total serum levels of hAAT observed in groups of either SCID (squares) or C57BL (circles) mice receiving either low dose (5 ⁇ 10 11 particles) (open symbols) or high dose (1.4 ⁇ 10 13 particles) (filled symbols) single injections into muscle of the C-AT vector measured at time points ranging from 1 to 16 wk after injection.
  • FIG. 5B shows analogous data with the E-AT vector. None of these differences were significant.
  • FIG. 5C shows long term secretion of hAAT from murine muscle transduced with C-AT.
  • C57B1/6 or C57B1/6-SCID mice received 3.5 ⁇ 10 10 IU, 1.4 ⁇ 10 13 particles/mouse.
  • serum hAAT levels were still 400 ⁇ g/ml in C57B1/6-SCID and 200 ⁇ g/ml in C57B1/6. This level are comparable with the peak levels observed (800 or 400 ⁇ g/ml, respectively).
  • FIG. 6 shows an immunoblot of sera taken from several of the C-AT vector-treated mice at 11 weeks after vector administration.
  • Ten microliters of a 1:100 dilution of serum was electrophoresed by 10% SDS/PAGE, blotted, and incubated with 1:1,500 dilution of goat anti-hAAT-horseradish peroxidase conjugate (Cappel/ICN).
  • hAAT was added either to negative-control C57B1 serum (first hAAT lane) or to PBS (second hAAT) lane to final equivalent serum concentration of 100 ⁇ g/ml.
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B show that some BALB/c mice mount humoral immune responses to hAAT, which correlate with lower serum levels but no observable toxicity.
  • FIG. 7A shows serum hAAT levels
  • FIG. 7B shows serum anti-hAAT antibody levels as determined by ELISA performed on serum taken from mice injected with 1 ⁇ 10 11 particles of the C-AT vector.
  • Each set of symbols represents an individual animal ( ⁇ , no. 1; ⁇ , no. 2; ⁇ , no. 3). Note the inverse correlation between the presence of antibody and the presence of circulating hAAT.
  • FIG. 8 shows the persistence of rAAV-AAT vector DNA in high molecular weight form.
  • PCR products were amplified from DNA prepared by Hirt extraction from three SCID mice injected 16 wk earlier with 5 ⁇ 10 11 resistant-particles of C-AT and analyzed by Southern blot.
  • the high molecular weight Hirt pellet (genomic DNA lanes) and the low molecular weight supernatant (episomal DNA lanes) were analyzed separately.
  • Control lanes include a sample in which an hAAT cDNA plasmid was the template DNA (+) and a control in which water was the template ( ⁇ ). In this internal PCR reaction, a 500-bp product is expected regardless of whether or not the vector genome is integrated.
  • FIG. 9 shows serum hAAT in C57B 1/6 mice transduced with C-AT and p43CB-AT.
  • C57B1/6 mice were injected in muscle with C-AT (3.5 ⁇ 10 10 IU/mouse, 1 ⁇ 10 12 particles/mouse) orp43CB-AT (6 ⁇ 10 9 IU, 1 ⁇ 10 12 particles/mouse).
  • the level of hAAT from p43CB-AT were projected based on an estimation of the equivalent dosage (infectious unit) of C-AT.
  • FIG. 10 shows enhancement of CMV promoter activity by a synthetic enhancer in C2C12 cells.
  • the murine myoblast C2C12 cells were grown in 35-mm wells with approximately 4 ⁇ 10 5 cell per well and were transfected with 5 ⁇ g of p43rmsENC-AT vector DNA using SUPERFECT transfection (Qiagen Inc, CA). Secretion of hAAT into the medium was assessed at 2 days after transfection using an antigen-capture ELISA. Each bar represents the mean of results from one experiment (triplicate).
  • FIG. 11 shows secretion of hAAT from mouse liver cells (HO 15) transfected with different constructs.
  • the murine liver cells (HO15) were grown in 35-mm wells with approximately 4 ⁇ 10 5 cell per well and were transfected with 5 ⁇ g of the plasmid DNA using LIPOFECTAMINE reagents (Life Technologies Inc, MD). Secretion of hAAT into the medium was assessed at 2 days after transfection using an antigen-capture ELISA. Each bar represents the mean of results from two experiments (triplicate).
  • FIG. 12 shows secretion of hAAT from mouse liver cells (HO15) transfected using different methods.
  • the murine liver cells (HO15) were grown in 35-mm wells with approximately 4 ⁇ 10 5 cell per well and were transfected with 5 ⁇ g of the p43CB-AT vector using SUPERFECT (Qiagen Inc., CA), FuGENE (Boehringer Mannhem Co, IN), Lipofectin, LIPOFECTAMINE (Life Technologies Inc, MD) reagents and Calcium phosphate (CA-PO4) transfection.
  • SUPERFECT Quiagen Inc., CA
  • FuGENE Boehringer Mannhem Co, IN
  • Lipofectin Lipofectin
  • LIPOFECTAMINE Life Technologies Inc, MD
  • CA-PO4 Calcium phosphate
  • FIG. 13 shows hAAT secretion from mouse liver transduced with rAAV.
  • C57B1/6 mice were injected with either p43CB-AT, C-AT or E-AT vector either by portal vein or tail vein injection.
  • PV portal vein injection.
  • TV tail vein injection.
  • FIG. 14 shows serum hAAT levels in C57B1/6 mice after intratracheal (IT) injection of C-AT or p43CB-AT vector. Mice received either 10 9 IU of C-AT (open circles), 10 9 IU of p43CB-AT (open triangles) or 10 10 IU of p43CB-AT (open squares).
  • FIG. 15 shows a map and nucleotide sequence for the vector of the present invention designated as C-AT.
  • FIG. 16 shows a map and nucleotide sequence for the vector of the present invention designated as E-AT.
  • FIG. 17 shows a map and nucleotide sequence for the vector of the present invention designated as dE-AT.
  • FIG. 18 shows a map and nucleotide sequence for the vector of the present invention designated as p43C-AT.
  • FIG. 19 shows a map and nucleotide sequence for the vector of the present invention designated as p43C-AT-IN.
  • This vector includes intron II from human AAT gene to enhance transcription.
  • FIG. 20 shows a map and nucleotide sequence for the vector of the present invention designated as p43CB-AT.
  • FIG. 21 shows a map and nucleotide sequence for the vector of the present invention designated as C-AT2.
  • FIG. 22 shows a map and nucleotide sequence for the vector of the present invention designated as p43 msENC-AT. This vector is similar to p43C-AT but also comprises an enhancer sequence upstream of the CMV promoter.
  • FIG. 23 shows a map and nucleotide sequence for the vector of the present invention designated as p43rmsENC-AT. This vector is the same as the p43 msENC-AT vector except that the enhancer sequence is in an opposite orientation.
  • FIG. 24 shows a map and nucleotide sequence for the vector of the present invention designated as p43 msENCB-AT.
  • This vector is similar to p43CB-AT but also comprises an enhancer sequence upstream of the CMV promoter.
  • FIG. 25 shows a map and nucleotide sequence for the vector of the present invention designated as p43rmsENCB-AT. This vector is the same as p43 msENCB-AT except that the enhancer sequence is in an opposite orientation.
  • the subject invention pertains to novel materials and methods for providing gene therapy to a mammal or human having a condition or disorder, such as genetic deficiency disorders, where high levels of expression of a protein are required to treat the disorder or condition.
  • a viral vector is introduced into cells of an animal wherein a therapeutic protein is produced, thereby providing genetic therapy for the animal.
  • a method of the invention comprises introducing into an animal cell or tissue an effective amount of viral particles or vector comprising a recombinant genome which includes heterologous polynucleotide encoding a protein useful in genetic therapy and that can be expressed by the cell or tissue. Expression of the heterologous polynucleotide results in production of the protein.
  • the therapeutic protein encoded by the heterologous polynucleotide is a serum protein.
  • vector material comprising the heterologous polynucleotide is integrated into a chromosome of the cell of the host animal.
  • a recombinant polynucleotide vector of the present invention is derived from adeno-associated virus (AAV) and comprises a constitutive or regulatable promoter capable of driving sufficient levels of expression of the heterologous DNA in the viral vector.
  • AAV adeno-associated virus
  • a recombinant vector of the invention comprises inverted terminal repeat sequences of AAV, such as those described in WO 93/24641.
  • a vector of the present invention comprises polynucleotide sequences of the pTR-UF5 plasmid.
  • the pTR-UF5 plasmid is a modified version of the pTR BS -UF/UF1/UF2/UFB series of plasmids (Zolotukiin et al., 1996; Klein et al., 1998).
  • the pTR-UF5 plasmid contains modifications to the sequence encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP).
  • Promoters useful with the subject invention include, for example, the cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter (CMV), the human elongation factor 1-alpha promoter (EF1), the small nuclear RNA promoters (U1a and U1b), ⁇ -myosin heavy chain promoter, Simian virus 40 promoter (SV40), Rous sarcoma virus promoter (RSV), adenovirus major late promoter, ⁇ -actin promoter and hybrid regulatory element comprising a CMV enhancer/ ⁇ -actin promoter. These promoters have been shown to be active in a wide range of mammalian cells.
  • CMV cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter
  • EF1 human elongation factor 1-alpha promoter
  • U1a and U1b small nuclear RNA promoters
  • ⁇ -myosin heavy chain promoter ⁇ -myosin heavy chain promoter
  • Simian virus 40 promoter SV40
  • RSV Rous sarcoma virus promoter
  • the promoters are operably linked with heterologous DNA encoding the protein of interest.
  • operably linked it is intended that the-promoter element is positioned relative to the coding sequence to be capable of effecting expression of the coding sequence.
  • Promoters particularly useful for expression of a protein in muscle cells include, for example, hybrid CMV enhancer/ ⁇ -actin promoters, CMV promoters, synthetic promoters and EF1 promoter.
  • Promoters particularly useful for expression of a protein in liver cells include, for example, hybrid CMV enhancer/ ⁇ -actin promoters and EF1 promoters.
  • inducible and cell type specific promoters are also contemplated for use with the vectors of the present invention.
  • Tet-inducible promoters (Clontech, Palo Alto, Calif.) and VP16-LexA promoters (Nettelbeck et a!., 1998) can be used in the present invention.
  • the vectors can also include introns inserted into the polynucleotide sequence of the vector as a means for increasing expression of heterologous DNA encoding a protein of interest.
  • an intron can be inserted between a promoter sequence and the region coding for the protein of interest on the vector.
  • Introns can also be inserted in the coding regions.
  • Exemplified in the present invention is the use of intron II from the hAAT gene in a subject vector.
  • Transcriptional enhancer elements which can function to increase levels of transcription from a given promoter can also be included in the vectors of the invention. Enhancers can generally be placed in either orientation, 3′ or 5′, with respect to promoter sequences.
  • synthetic enhancers can be used in the present invention.
  • a synthetic enhancer randomly assembled from Spc5-12-derived elements including muscle-specific elements, serum response factor binding element (SRE), myocyte-specific enhancer factor-1 (MEF-1), myocyte-specific enhancer factor-2 (MEF-2), transcription enhancer factor-1 (TEF-1) and SP-1 can be used in vectors of the invention.
  • Heterologous polynucleotide in the recombinant vector can include, for example, polynucleotides encoding normal, functional proteins which provide therapeutic replacement for normal biological function in animals afflicted with genetic disorders which cause the animal to produce a defective protein, or abnormal or deficient levels of that protein. Proteins, and the polynucleotide sequences that encode them, which can be provided by gene therapy using the subject invention include, but are not limited to, anti-proteases, enzymes, structural proteins, coagulase factors, interleukins, cytokines, growth factors, interferons, and lymphokines.
  • heterologous DNA in a recombinant AAV vector encodes human alpha-1-antitrypsin protein.
  • any of a number of different nucleotide sequences can be used, based on the degeneracy of the genetic code, to produce a protein of interest for use in the present invention. Accordingly, any nucleotide sequence which encodes a protein of interest comes within the scope of this invention.
  • Biologically active fragments and variants of a protein of interest can easily and routinely be produced by techniques well known in the art. For example, time-controlled Bal31 exonuclease digestion of the full-length DNA followed by expression of the resulting fragments and routine screening can be used to readily identify expression products having the desired activity (Wei et al., 1993).
  • polynucleotide and “polynucleotide sequence” refer to a deoxyribonucleotide or ribonucleotide polymer in either single- or double-stranded form, and unless otherwise limited, would encompass known analogs of natural nucleotides that can function in a similar manner as naturally-occurring nucleotides.
  • Polynucleotide sequences can include both DNA strand sequences, such as that which is transcribed into RNA, and RNA sequences.
  • the polynucleotide sequences include both full-length sequences as well as shorter sequences derived from the full-length sequences.
  • polynucleotide sequence includes sequences, such as degenerate codons of the native sequence or sequences, which may be introduced to provide codon preference in a specific host cell.
  • Polynucleotides of the invention encompass both the sense and antisense strands as either individual strands or in the duplex.
  • polynucleotides of the subject invention also encompass equivalent and variant sequences containing mutations in the exemplified sequences. These mutations can include, for example, nucleotide substitutions, insertions, and deletions as long as the variant sequence functions in a manner similar to the exemplified sequences.
  • the gene therapy methods of the invention can be performed by ex vivo or in vivo treatment of the patient's cells or tissues.
  • Cells and tissues contemplated within the scope of the invention include, for example, muscle, liver, lung, skin and other cells and tissues that are capable of producing and secreting serum proteins.
  • the vectors of the invention can be introduced into suitable cells, cell lines or tissue using methods known in the art.
  • the viral particles and vectors can be introduced into cells or tissue in vitro or in vivo. Methods contemplated include transfection, transduction, injection and inhalation.
  • vectors can be introduced into cells using liposomes containing the subject vectors, by direct transfection with vectors alone, electroporation or by particle bombardment.
  • muscle cells are infected in vivo by injection of viral particles comprising recombinant vector into muscle tissue of an animal.
  • liver cells are infected in vivo by injection of recombinant virus into either the portal vein or peripheral veins.
  • the methods and materials of the subject invention can be used to provide genetic therapy for any conditions or diseases treatable by protein or cytokine infusion such as, for example, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, hemophilia, adenosine deaminase deficiency, and diabetes.
  • the methods and materials of the subject invention can also be used to provide genetic therapy for treating conditions such as, for example, cancer, autoimmune diseases, neurological disorders, immunodeficiency diseases, and bacterial and viral infections.
  • the present invention can be used to provide genetic therapy to a patient wherein cells from the patient are transformed to express and produce interleukins such as interleukin-2.
  • the skilled artisan can for the first time provide therapeutically effective levels of a serum protein through genetic therapy.
  • the therapeutically effective level of serum protein that can be obtained using the subject materials and methods is at least about 1 ⁇ g/ml of protein in serum.
  • the level of serum protein that can be obtained using the present invention is at least about 100 ⁇ g/ml of protein in the serum.
  • the level of serum protein that can be obtained by the present invention is at least about 500 ⁇ g/ml of protein in the serum.
  • Animals that can be treated with the materials and methods of the invention include mammals such as bovine, porcine, equine, ovine, feline and canine mammals.
  • mammals such as bovine, porcine, equine, ovine, feline and canine mammals.
  • the mammals are primates such as chimpanzees and humans.
  • the subject invention also concerns cells containing recombinant vectors of the present invention.
  • the cells can be, for example, animal cells such as mammalian cells.
  • the cells are human cells. More preferably, the cells are human myofibers or myoblasts, hepatocytes or lung cells.
  • a recombinant vector of the present invention is stably integrated into the host cell genome. Cell lines containing the recombinant vectors are also within the scope of the invention.
  • recombinant AAV vectors comprising the human AAT gene (hAAT) using either the CMV promoter (AAV-C-AT) or the human elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1) promoter (AAV-E-AT) to drive expression were constructed and packaged using standard techniques.
  • a murine myoblast cell line, C2C12 was transduced with each vector and expression of hAAT into the medium was measured by ELISA.
  • the EF1 promoter construct resulted in 10-fold higher hAAT expression than the CMV promoter construct.
  • In vivo transduction was performed by injecting doses of up to 1.4 ⁇ 10 13 Dnase-resistant particles of each vector into skeletal muscles of a number of different strains of mice (including C57B1/6, Balb/c, and SCID).
  • the CMV promoter construct resulted in higher levels of expression, with sustained serum levels up to 800 ⁇ g/ml in SCID mice, approximately 10,000-fold higher than those previously observed with proteins secreted from AAV vectors in muscle.
  • serum levels up to 800 ⁇ g/ml in SCID mice, approximately 10,000-fold higher than those previously observed with proteins secreted from AAV vectors in muscle.
  • At lower doses in both C57B1/6 and SCID mice expression was delayed for several weeks, but was sustained for over 10 weeks without declining.
  • increasing dosage AAV vector via transduction of skeletal muscle provides a means for replacing AAT or other serum proteins.
  • Transduction of muscle using the vectors of the subject invention presents several advantages in that it is stable, non-toxic, and relatively nonimmunogenic. Furthermore, certain transcription promoters, such as the CMV promoter, which appear to be markedly down-regulated in other contexts have been found to remain active over time as used in the subject invention.
  • microgram/ml serum levels of a therapeutic protein can be achieved. In an exemplified embodiment, the levels of in vivo protein expression achieved represent a 10,000-fold or more increase over previously published results.
  • a dose-effect relationship was demonstrable within the range of doses used, providing for further increases in expression levels as vector dose is increased.
  • recombinant AAV vectors i.e., C-AT, p43C-AT, P43CB-AT, E-AT and DE-AT comprising the human AAT gene (hAAT) using were constructed and packaged using standard techniques.
  • a murine liver cell line, HO15 was transfected with each vector and expression of hAAT into the medium was measured by ELISA.
  • transduction with the p43CB-AT vector exhibited the highest level of hAAT expression.
  • the p43CB-AT vector also gave higher levels of expression.
  • Portal vein administration appeared to be the more efficient route of administration as mice injected in this manner exhibited higher levels of expression than those receiving peripheral vein injections. Transduction of liver offers the same advantages as for muscle, but hepatocytes may be more efficient at secretion of protein.
  • the dosage of recombinant vector or the virus to be administered to an animal in need of such treatment can be determined by the ordinarily skilled clinician based on various parameters such as mode of administration, duration of treatment, the disease state or condition involved, and the like.
  • recombinant virus of the invention is administered in doses between 10 5 and 10 14 infectious units.
  • the recombinant vectors and virus of the present invention can be prepared in formulations using methods and materials known in the art. Numerous formulations can be found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 15 th Edition (1975).
  • FIG. 1 Construction of rAAV plasmids.
  • the rAAV-AAT vector plasmids used for these experiments are depicted diagrammatically (FIG. 1). Briefly, the plasmid pN2FAT (Garver et al., 1987) plasmid was digested with XhoI to release 1.8-kb fragment containing the human AAT cDNA along with the SV40 promoter and a polyadenylation signal.
  • This fragment was subcloned into a plasmid, pBlueScript (Stratagene) and, after the removal of the SV40 promoter by Hind III digestion and religation, the hAAT cDNA with its polyA signal was released by XbaI and XhoI digestion.
  • This 1.4-kb XbaI-XhoI fragment was then cloned in to the pTR-UFS (an AAV-inverted terminal repeat-containing vector) plasmid (Zolotukhin et al., 1996) between the Xbal site 3′ to the CMV promoter and the Xhol site 5′ to the polyoma virus enhancer/HSVthymidine kinase promoter cassette, which drives neo in that construct.
  • C-AT2 is similar with C-AT except there are SV40 intron and poly (A) sequences flanking the cDNA of hAAT.
  • the p43C-AT was constructed by insertion of hAAT cDNA to an AAV-vector plasmid (p43), which has CMV promoter, intron and poly (A) sequences.
  • the p43CB-AT is derived by replacement of CMV promoter with CMV enhancer and chicken ⁇ -actin promoter sequences.
  • the p43C-AT-IN is derived from p43C-AT by insertion of intron II sequences of hAAT gene to hAAT cDNA (Brantly et al., 1995).
  • rAAV vectors Packaging of rAAV vectors.
  • Vectors were packaged using a modification of the method described by Ferrari et al. (1997). Briefly, plasmids containing the AAV rep and cap genes (Li et al., 1997) and the Ad genes (E2a, E4 and VA-RNA) were co-transfected along with the appropriate AAV-AAT vector plasmid into 293 cells grown in Cell Factories (Nunc). Cells were harvested by trypsinization and disrupted by freeze-thaw lysis to release vector virions which were then purified by iodixanol gradient ultracentrifugation followed by heparin sepharose affinity column purification. Alternatively, recombinant virus can be prepared according to methods described in Zolotukhin et al. (1999).
  • Vector preparations had their physical titer assessed by quantitative competitive PCR and their biological titer assessed by infectious center assay. The presence of wild-type AAV was also assessed using these same assays with appropriate internal AAV probes.
  • the low-dose C-AT stock had a wt-like AAV particle titer (i.e., positive AAV genome PCR) equal to 0.1 times the recombinant titer but no detectable infectious wtAAV.
  • the other two preparations had wt-like AAV particle titers ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 times the recombinant titer and no detectable infectious wtAAV.
  • cells were grown under similar conditions and were transduced with vector at multiplicities of infection ranging from 4 ⁇ 10 5 to 4 ⁇ 10 6 particles per cell. Cells were then passaged in the presence of geneticin sulfate (350 ⁇ g/ml) and geneticin-resistant clones were isolated for hAAT secretion studies.
  • AAV-C-AT and AAV-E-AT vectors were obtained from Jackson Laboratories (Bar Harbor, Me.) and were handled under specific pathogen-free conditions under a protocol approved by the University of Florida Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Animals were anesthetized by metaphane inhalation and aliquots of vector were injected percutaneously into the quadriceps femoris muscles of both hind limbs. The volume of vector ranged from 50 to 100 ⁇ l per injection site and the total amount of virus injected per animal ranged from 5 ⁇ 10 10 to 1.4 ⁇ 10 13 Dnase-resistant particles.
  • a second antibody (1:1000 dilution of rabbit anti-human AAT, Boehringer Mannheim) was reacted with the captured antigen at 37° C. for 1 hour.
  • Detection was performed using a third antibody incubation (1:800 dilution of goat anti-rabbit IgG-peroxidase conjugate, 37° C.) followed by o-phenylenediamine (OPD, Sigma) detection and measurement of the absorbance at 490 nm.
  • OPD o-phenylenediamine
  • ELISA assay for anti-hAAT and anti-AAV VP3 antibodies Wells were coated with antigen (1 ⁇ g of hAAT or 100 ng of VP3) at 4° C. overnight, blocked with 3% BSA and then reacted with dilutions of either test serum or with positive control antibodies at 37° C. for 1 hour. After washing, a goat-anti-mouse IgG-peroxidase conjugate was used as a secondary antibody (1:1500 dilution) to detect bound anti-AAT antibody, using a standard OPD reaction, as described above. Antibody levels were quantitated by comparison with a standard curve generated by reacting dilutions of known positive monoclonal antibodies against VP3 and hAAT.
  • Lymphocyte proliferation assays to detect cell-mediated immune responses. Lymphocyte proliferation assays were performed in order to detect T cell responses to the hAAT and VP3 antigens. Freshly isolated splenocytes were grown in primary culture in 96 well plates coated with 0, 0.1, 1, and 10 ⁇ g of either hAAT or VP3 in RPMI-C+ medium. On day three, a pulse of 3 H-thymidine was added, and the cells were harvested on day 4 for lysis and scintillation counting. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was used as a mitogen for positive control wells. A stimulation index was calculated for each antigen dosage level by dividing the counts per minute (cpm) of 3 H-thymidine incorporated in the antigen-stimulated cells by the cpm in a control (unstimulated) well.
  • cpm counts per minute
  • AAV-AAT expression vectors containing one of the CMV, EF1, U1a or U1b promoters were constructed. Each of these constructs were transfected in to the murine C2C12 myoblast cell line. Both the EF1 and the CMV promoter were active for AAT expression, with EF1 construct (AAV-E-AT) expressing 850 ng/10 5 cells/day and the CMV construct (AAV-C-AT) expressing approximately 670 ng/10 5 cells/day, as measured by a human-specific ELISA assay for AAT (FIG. 2). This difference was not statistically significant. The levels of expression from the U1a and U1b constructs were undetectable.
  • lymphocyte proliferation assays were performed using either hAAT or AAV-VP3 for antigenic stimulation of primary splenic lymphocytes harvested at the time of animal sacrifice, 16 weeks post-vector injection. Using this method, no immune responses were detectable in any of the mice.
  • vector-specific PCR (neo primers 5′-TATGGGATCGGCCATTGAAC-3′, and 5′-CCTGATGCTCTTC-GTCCAGA-3′, was performed on DNA extracted from 3 SCID mice 16 weeks after injection with the C-AT vector, and PCR products were analyzed by Southern blot analysis with a 32 P-labeled vector-specific probe (FIG. 8).
  • the state of vector DNA was analyzed using the Hirt procedure (Carter et al, 1983) to separate the low molecular weight episomal DNA from the high molecular weight fraction, which would contain integrated forms and large concatemers.
  • vector DNA was present in the high molecular weight DNA fraction, whereas in only one of the animals was there a signal in the episomal fraction. This result indicates that by 16 weeks most of the vector DNA in our animals was either integrated or in large concatemers.
  • Virus or PBS was delivered into the portal vein using a 30 g needle attached to a 100 ul capillary pipette using mouth delivery via rubber tubing and a Drummond self-locking double layer 0.8 um filter.
  • a small piece of Gel-Foam (0.5 ⁇ 0.5 cm) was applied to the injection site before the needle was removed from the portal vein. The needle was retracted from beneath the Gel-Foam and the piece was held in place with forceps while the intestines were replaced into the peritoneal cavity.
  • the muscle and skin were closed in one layer using 2 simple interrupted 3-0 nylon sutures on an FS-1 cutting needle.
  • Surgeries were performed on a thermoregulated operating board designed to maintain a temperature of 37 degrees.
  • the animals were placed under a heat lamp adjusted to maintain an ambient temperature of approximately 37 degrees and given subcutaneous fluid if there was a significant amount of blood loss during surgery.
  • Serum levels of hAAT in the mice were measured two weeks after injection. Serum levels of about 200-150 ⁇ g/ml hAAT were detected in mice receiving the p43CB-AT vector (FIG. 13). Studies using the E-AT vector show that injection of vector by portal vein led to greater levels of hAAT secretion as compared to E-AT administered by tail vein injection.
  • mice were injected intratracheally with either C-AT or p43CB-AT vector. Serum levels of hAAT in the mice were measured at day 3, 14 and 31 after injection (FIG. 14). The p43CB-AT vector mediated high levels of expression of hAAT in lung.

Abstract

The subject invention concerns materials and methods for gene therapy. One aspect of the invention pertains to vectors which can be used to effect genetic therapy in animals or humans having genetic disorders where expression of high levels of a protein of interest are required to treat or correct the disorder. The subject invention also pertains to methods for treating animals or humans in need of gene therapy to treat or correct a genetic disorder. The materials and methods of the invention can be used to provide therapeutically effective levels of a protein that is non-functional, or that is absent or deficient in the animal or human to be treated. In one embodiment, the materials and methods can be used to treat alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency.

Description

    CROSS-REFERENCE TO A RELATED APPLICATION
  • This application claims priority from provisional application U.S. Serial No. 60/083,025, filed Apr. 24, 1998.[0001]
  • [0002] The subject invention was made with government support under a research project supported by National Institute of Health NHLBI Grant No. HL 59412. The government has certain rights in this invention.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is the second most common monogenic lung disease in man, accounting for approximately 3% of all early deaths due to obstructive pulmonary disease. AAT protein is normally produced in the liver, secreted into the serum and circulated to the lung where it protects the fine supporting network of elastin fibers from degradation by neutrophil elastase. Current therapy for AAT deficiency includes avoidance of cigarette smoke exposure and weekly intravenous infusions of recombinant human AAT (hAAT) protein. Attempts to devise gene therapy strategies to replace AAT either in the lung itself or within any of a number of other tissues which are capable of AAT secretion have been limited by the short duration of expression from some vectors and by the relatively high circulating levels of AAT which is required for therapeutic effect. Methods of gene therapy have been described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,399,346. [0003]
  • It has recently been demonstrated that adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are capable of stable in vivo expression and may be less immunogenic than other viral vectors (Flotte et al., 1996; xiao et al., 1996; Kessler et al., 1996; Jooss et al., 1998). AAV is a non-pathogenic human parvovirus whose life cycle naturally includes a mechanism for long-term latency. In the case of wild-type AAV (wtAAV), this persistence is due to site-specific integration into a site on human chromosome 19 (the AAVSI site) in the majority of cells (Kotin et al., 1990), whereas with recombinant AAV (rAAV) vectors, persistence appears to be due to a combination of episomal persistence and integration into non-chromosome 19 locations (Afione et al., 1996; Kearns et al., 1996). Recombinant AAV latency also differs from that of wtAAV in that wtAAV is rapidly converted to double-stranded DNA in the absence of helper virus (e.g., adenovirus) infection, while with rAAV leading strand synthesis is delayed in the absence of helper virus (Fisher et al., 1996; Ferrari et al., 1996). U.S. Pat. No. 5,658,785 describes adeno-associated virus vectors and methods for gene transfer to cells. [0004]
  • Kessler et al. (1996) demonstrated that murine skeletal myofibers transduced by an rAAV vector were capable of sustained secretion of biologically active human erythropoietin (hEpo), apparently without eliciting a significant immune response against the secreted hEpo. See also U.S. Pat. No. 5,858,351 issued to Podsakoff et al. Likewise, Murphy et al. (1997) have observed the expression and secretion of sustained levels of leptin in ob/ob mice after AAV muscle transduction. Brantly et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 5,439,824) disclose methods for increasing expression of AAT using vectors comprising intron II of the human AAT gene. However, the level of leptin expression observed was only in the range of 2 to 5 ng/ml. Therapy for AAT deficiency requires serum levels of at least about 800 μg/ml. Thus, there remains a need in the art for a means of providing therapeutically beneficial levels of a protein to a person in need of such treatment. [0005]
  • BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • The subject invention concerns materials and methods for gene therapy. One aspect of the invention pertains to vectors which can be used to provide genetic therapy in animals or humans having a genetic disorder where relatively high levels of expression of a protein is required to treat the disorder. The vectors of the invention are based on adeno-associated virus (AAV). The vectors are designed to provide high levels of expression of heterologous DNA contained in the vector. In one embodiment, the vectors comprise AAV inverted terminal repeat sequences and constitutive or regulatable promoters for driving high levels of gene expression. The subject invention also pertains to methods for treating animals or humans in need of gene therapy, e.g., to correct a genetic deficiency disorder.[0006]
  • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1 shows rAAV-AAT vector cassettes used according to the subject invention The A-AT and B-AT constructs contain the promoters from the small nuclear RNA genes, U1a and U1b, respectively. The C-AT construct contains the CMV promoter, whereas the E-AT vector uses the human elongation factor 1-α (ELF in the figure) promoter. ITR refers to AAV inverted terminal repeat; An refers to polyA signal; Tk refers to the HSV thymidine kinase promoter; neo refers to the TnS neomycin phosphotransferase gene. [0007]
  • FIG. 2 shows hAAT secretion rates in vitro from transiently transfected murine C2C12 myoblast cell line using expression vectors according to the subject invention. C-AT does not differ significantly from E-AT, but both differ from A-AT and B-AT (p<0.05) AAT expression was detected using an ELISA assay specific for human AAT. [0008]
  • FIG. 3 shows hAAT secretion rates in vitro from stably transduced murine C2C12 myoblast cell line using viral particles comprising expression vectors according to the subject invention. The mean rates of secretion from G418-[0009] resistant cultures 1 mo after transduction with either packaged B-AT vector or packaged C-AT vector are shown. In each instance, a “low” multiplicity transduction (4×105 particles/cell) and a high multiplicity transduction (4×106 particles/cell) were performed. E-AT “low” and “high” are greater than “high” multiplicity C-AT (P=0.02) but are not significantly different from each other (n=3). AAT expression was detected using an ELISA assay specific for human AAT.
  • FIG. 4 shows additional constructs tested for hAAT expression. The murine myoblast C2C12 cells were grown in 35-mm wells with approximately 4×10[0010] 5 cell per well and were transfectd with 5 μg of the appropriate plasmid DNA using SUPERFECT transfection (Qiagen Inc., CA). Secretion of hAAT into the medium was assessed at 2 days after transfection using an antigen-capture ELISA. Each bar represents the mean of results from three experiments (triplicate in each experiment).
  • Data from transfection experiments indicate that the expression from p43CB-AT was at least three times higher than that from C-AT in vitro. [0011]
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B show sustained secretion of therapeutic levels of hAAT using either the C-AT vector or the E-AT vector in either SCID or C57BL mice. FIG. 5A shows the mean total serum levels of hAAT observed in groups of either SCID (squares) or C57BL (circles) mice receiving either low dose (5×10[0012] 11 particles) (open symbols) or high dose (1.4×1013 particles) (filled symbols) single injections into muscle of the C-AT vector measured at time points ranging from 1 to 16 wk after injection. For each strain, the high-dose curve is significantly different from the low-dose curve (P=0.009 for SCID, P=0.02 for C57BL), but the strains do not differ from each other. FIG. 5B shows analogous data with the E-AT vector. None of these differences were significant.
  • FIG. 5C shows long term secretion of hAAT from murine muscle transduced with C-AT. C57B1/6 or C57B1/6-SCID mice received 3.5×10[0013] 10 IU, 1.4×1013 particles/mouse. One year after injection, serum hAAT levels were still 400 μg/ml in C57B1/6-SCID and 200 μg/ml in C57B1/6. This level are comparable with the peak levels observed (800 or 400 μg/ml, respectively).
  • FIG. 6 shows an immunoblot of sera taken from several of the C-AT vector-treated mice at 11 weeks after vector administration. Ten microliters of a 1:100 dilution of serum was electrophoresed by 10% SDS/PAGE, blotted, and incubated with 1:1,500 dilution of goat anti-hAAT-horseradish peroxidase conjugate (Cappel/ICN). Samples from three high-dose SCID (h1-h3), one high-dose C57B1 (h3), and three low-dose C57B1 (lo1-lo3) were included, along with one negative control (saline-injected=sal) serum to indicate the level of reactivity with endogenous mAAT. As a standard, hAAT was added either to negative-control C57B1 serum (first hAAT lane) or to PBS (second hAAT) lane to final equivalent serum concentration of 100μg/ml. [0014]
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B show that some BALB/c mice mount humoral immune responses to hAAT, which correlate with lower serum levels but no observable toxicity. FIG. 7A shows serum hAAT levels and FIG. 7B shows serum anti-hAAT antibody levels as determined by ELISA performed on serum taken from mice injected with 1×10[0015] 11 particles of the C-AT vector. Each set of symbols represents an individual animal (□, no. 1; Δ, no. 2; ∘, no. 3). Note the inverse correlation between the presence of antibody and the presence of circulating hAAT.
  • FIG. 8 shows the persistence of rAAV-AAT vector DNA in high molecular weight form. PCR products were amplified from DNA prepared by Hirt extraction from three SCID mice injected 16 wk earlier with 5×10[0016] 11 resistant-particles of C-AT and analyzed by Southern blot. The high molecular weight Hirt pellet (genomic DNA lanes) and the low molecular weight supernatant (episomal DNA lanes) were analyzed separately. Control lanes include a sample in which an hAAT cDNA plasmid was the template DNA (+) and a control in which water was the template (−). In this internal PCR reaction, a 500-bp product is expected regardless of whether or not the vector genome is integrated.
  • FIG. 9 shows serum hAAT in [0017] C57B 1/6 mice transduced with C-AT and p43CB-AT. C57B1/6 mice were injected in muscle with C-AT (3.5×1010 IU/mouse, 1×1012 particles/mouse) orp43CB-AT (6×109 IU, 1×1012 particles/mouse). The level of hAAT from p43CB-AT were projected based on an estimation of the equivalent dosage (infectious unit) of C-AT.
  • FIG. 10 shows enhancement of CMV promoter activity by a synthetic enhancer in C2C12 cells. The murine myoblast C2C12 cells were grown in 35-mm wells with approximately 4×10[0018] 5 cell per well and were transfected with 5 μg of p43rmsENC-AT vector DNA using SUPERFECT transfection (Qiagen Inc, CA). Secretion of hAAT into the medium was assessed at 2 days after transfection using an antigen-capture ELISA. Each bar represents the mean of results from one experiment (triplicate).
  • FIG. 11 shows secretion of hAAT from mouse liver cells (HO 15) transfected with different constructs. The murine liver cells (HO15) were grown in 35-mm wells with approximately 4×10[0019] 5 cell per well and were transfected with 5 μg of the plasmid DNA using LIPOFECTAMINE reagents (Life Technologies Inc, MD). Secretion of hAAT into the medium was assessed at 2 days after transfection using an antigen-capture ELISA. Each bar represents the mean of results from two experiments (triplicate).
  • FIG. 12 shows secretion of hAAT from mouse liver cells (HO15) transfected using different methods. The murine liver cells (HO15) were grown in 35-mm wells with approximately 4×10[0020] 5 cell per well and were transfected with 5 μg of the p43CB-AT vector using SUPERFECT (Qiagen Inc., CA), FuGENE (Boehringer Mannhem Co, IN), Lipofectin, LIPOFECTAMINE (Life Technologies Inc, MD) reagents and Calcium phosphate (CA-PO4) transfection. Secretion of hAAT into the medium was assessed at 2 days after transfection using an antigen-capture ELISA. Each bar represents the mean of results from one experiment (triplicate).
  • FIG. 13 shows hAAT secretion from mouse liver transduced with rAAV. C57B1/6 mice were injected with either p43CB-AT, C-AT or E-AT vector either by portal vein or tail vein injection. PV=portal vein injection. TV=tail vein injection. [0021]
  • FIG. 14 shows serum hAAT levels in C57B1/6 mice after intratracheal (IT) injection of C-AT or p43CB-AT vector. Mice received either 10[0022] 9 IU of C-AT (open circles), 109 IU of p43CB-AT (open triangles) or 1010 IU of p43CB-AT (open squares).
  • FIG. 15 shows a map and nucleotide sequence for the vector of the present invention designated as C-AT. [0023]
  • FIG. 16 shows a map and nucleotide sequence for the vector of the present invention designated as E-AT. [0024]
  • FIG. 17 shows a map and nucleotide sequence for the vector of the present invention designated as dE-AT. [0025]
  • FIG. 18 shows a map and nucleotide sequence for the vector of the present invention designated as p43C-AT. [0026]
  • FIG. 19 shows a map and nucleotide sequence for the vector of the present invention designated as p43C-AT-IN. This vector includes intron II from human AAT gene to enhance transcription. [0027]
  • FIG. 20 shows a map and nucleotide sequence for the vector of the present invention designated as p43CB-AT. [0028]
  • FIG. 21 shows a map and nucleotide sequence for the vector of the present invention designated as C-AT2. [0029]
  • FIG. 22 shows a map and nucleotide sequence for the vector of the present invention designated as p43 msENC-AT. This vector is similar to p43C-AT but also comprises an enhancer sequence upstream of the CMV promoter. [0030]
  • FIG. 23 shows a map and nucleotide sequence for the vector of the present invention designated as p43rmsENC-AT. This vector is the same as the p43 msENC-AT vector except that the enhancer sequence is in an opposite orientation. [0031]
  • FIG. 24 shows a map and nucleotide sequence for the vector of the present invention designated as p43 msENCB-AT. This vector is similar to p43CB-AT but also comprises an enhancer sequence upstream of the CMV promoter. [0032]
  • FIG. 25 shows a map and nucleotide sequence for the vector of the present invention designated as p43rmsENCB-AT. This vector is the same as p43 msENCB-AT except that the enhancer sequence is in an opposite orientation.[0033]
  • DETAILED DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
  • The subject invention pertains to novel materials and methods for providing gene therapy to a mammal or human having a condition or disorder, such as genetic deficiency disorders, where high levels of expression of a protein are required to treat the disorder or condition. In one method of the subject invention, a viral vector is introduced into cells of an animal wherein a therapeutic protein is produced, thereby providing genetic therapy for the animal. In one embodiment, a method of the invention comprises introducing into an animal cell or tissue an effective amount of viral particles or vector comprising a recombinant genome which includes heterologous polynucleotide encoding a protein useful in genetic therapy and that can be expressed by the cell or tissue. Expression of the heterologous polynucleotide results in production of the protein. Preferably, the therapeutic protein encoded by the heterologous polynucleotide is a serum protein. In a preferred embodiment, vector material comprising the heterologous polynucleotide is integrated into a chromosome of the cell of the host animal. [0034]
  • In one embodiment, a recombinant polynucleotide vector of the present invention is derived from adeno-associated virus (AAV) and comprises a constitutive or regulatable promoter capable of driving sufficient levels of expression of the heterologous DNA in the viral vector. Preferably, a recombinant vector of the invention comprises inverted terminal repeat sequences of AAV, such as those described in WO 93/24641. In a preferred embodiment, a vector of the present invention comprises polynucleotide sequences of the pTR-UF5 plasmid. The pTR-UF5 plasmid is a modified version of the pTR[0035] BS-UF/UF1/UF2/UFB series of plasmids (Zolotukiin et al., 1996; Klein et al., 1998). The pTR-UF5 plasmid contains modifications to the sequence encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP).
  • Promoters useful with the subject invention include, for example, the cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter (CMV), the human elongation factor 1-alpha promoter (EF1), the small nuclear RNA promoters (U1a and U1b), α-myosin heavy chain promoter, [0036] Simian virus 40 promoter (SV40), Rous sarcoma virus promoter (RSV), adenovirus major late promoter, β-actin promoter and hybrid regulatory element comprising a CMV enhancer/β-actin promoter. These promoters have been shown to be active in a wide range of mammalian cells.
  • The promoters are operably linked with heterologous DNA encoding the protein of interest. By “operably linked,” it is intended that the-promoter element is positioned relative to the coding sequence to be capable of effecting expression of the coding sequence. [0037]
  • Promoters particularly useful for expression of a protein in muscle cells include, for example, hybrid CMV enhancer/β-actin promoters, CMV promoters, synthetic promoters and EF1 promoter. Promoters particularly useful for expression of a protein in liver cells include, for example, hybrid CMV enhancer/β-actin promoters and EF1 promoters. [0038]
  • Also contemplated for use with the vectors of the present invention are inducible and cell type specific promoters. For example, Tet-inducible promoters (Clontech, Palo Alto, Calif.) and VP16-LexA promoters (Nettelbeck et a!., 1998) can be used in the present invention. [0039]
  • The vectors can also include introns inserted into the polynucleotide sequence of the vector as a means for increasing expression of heterologous DNA encoding a protein of interest. For example, an intron can be inserted between a promoter sequence and the region coding for the protein of interest on the vector. Introns can also be inserted in the coding regions. Exemplified in the present invention is the use of intron II from the hAAT gene in a subject vector. Transcriptional enhancer elements which can function to increase levels of transcription from a given promoter can also be included in the vectors of the invention. Enhancers can generally be placed in either orientation, 3′ or 5′, with respect to promoter sequences. In addition to the natural enhancers, synthetic enhancers can be used in the present invention. For example, a synthetic enhancer randomly assembled from Spc5-12-derived elements including muscle-specific elements, serum response factor binding element (SRE), myocyte-specific enhancer factor-1 (MEF-1), myocyte-specific enhancer factor-2 (MEF-2), transcription enhancer factor-1 (TEF-1) and SP-1 (Li et al., 1999; Deshpande et al., 1997; Stewart et al., 1996; Mitchell et al., 1989; Briggs et al., 1986; Pitluk et al., 1991) can be used in vectors of the invention. [0040]
  • Heterologous polynucleotide in the recombinant vector can include, for example, polynucleotides encoding normal, functional proteins which provide therapeutic replacement for normal biological function in animals afflicted with genetic disorders which cause the animal to produce a defective protein, or abnormal or deficient levels of that protein. Proteins, and the polynucleotide sequences that encode them, which can be provided by gene therapy using the subject invention include, but are not limited to, anti-proteases, enzymes, structural proteins, coagulase factors, interleukins, cytokines, growth factors, interferons, and lymphokines. In an exemplified embodiment, heterologous DNA in a recombinant AAV vector encodes human alpha-1-antitrypsin protein. [0041]
  • As those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, any of a number of different nucleotide sequences can be used, based on the degeneracy of the genetic code, to produce a protein of interest for use in the present invention. Accordingly, any nucleotide sequence which encodes a protein of interest comes within the scope of this invention. Biologically active fragments and variants of a protein of interest can easily and routinely be produced by techniques well known in the art. For example, time-controlled Bal31 exonuclease digestion of the full-length DNA followed by expression of the resulting fragments and routine screening can be used to readily identify expression products having the desired activity (Wei et al., 1993). [0042]
  • As used herein, the terms “polynucleotide” and “polynucleotide sequence” refer to a deoxyribonucleotide or ribonucleotide polymer in either single- or double-stranded form, and unless otherwise limited, would encompass known analogs of natural nucleotides that can function in a similar manner as naturally-occurring nucleotides. Polynucleotide sequences can include both DNA strand sequences, such as that which is transcribed into RNA, and RNA sequences. The polynucleotide sequences include both full-length sequences as well as shorter sequences derived from the full-length sequences. It is understood that a particular polynucleotide sequence includes sequences, such as degenerate codons of the native sequence or sequences, which may be introduced to provide codon preference in a specific host cell. Polynucleotides of the invention encompass both the sense and antisense strands as either individual strands or in the duplex. [0043]
  • The polynucleotides of the subject invention also encompass equivalent and variant sequences containing mutations in the exemplified sequences. These mutations can include, for example, nucleotide substitutions, insertions, and deletions as long as the variant sequence functions in a manner similar to the exemplified sequences. [0044]
  • The gene therapy methods of the invention can be performed by ex vivo or in vivo treatment of the patient's cells or tissues. Cells and tissues contemplated within the scope of the invention include, for example, muscle, liver, lung, skin and other cells and tissues that are capable of producing and secreting serum proteins. The vectors of the invention can be introduced into suitable cells, cell lines or tissue using methods known in the art. The viral particles and vectors can be introduced into cells or tissue in vitro or in vivo. Methods contemplated include transfection, transduction, injection and inhalation. For example, vectors can be introduced into cells using liposomes containing the subject vectors, by direct transfection with vectors alone, electroporation or by particle bombardment. In an exemplified embodiment, muscle cells are infected in vivo by injection of viral particles comprising recombinant vector into muscle tissue of an animal. In another embodiment, liver cells are infected in vivo by injection of recombinant virus into either the portal vein or peripheral veins. [0045]
  • The methods and materials of the subject invention can be used to provide genetic therapy for any conditions or diseases treatable by protein or cytokine infusion such as, for example, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, hemophilia, adenosine deaminase deficiency, and diabetes. The methods and materials of the subject invention can also be used to provide genetic therapy for treating conditions such as, for example, cancer, autoimmune diseases, neurological disorders, immunodeficiency diseases, and bacterial and viral infections. For example, the present invention can be used to provide genetic therapy to a patient wherein cells from the patient are transformed to express and produce interleukins such as interleukin-2. [0046]
  • Using the materials and methods of the subject invention, the skilled artisan can for the first time provide therapeutically effective levels of a serum protein through genetic therapy. In a preferred embodiment, the therapeutically effective level of serum protein that can be obtained using the subject materials and methods is at least about 1 μg/ml of protein in serum. Preferably, the level of serum protein that can be obtained using the present invention is at least about 100 μg/ml of protein in the serum. Most preferably, the level of serum protein that can be obtained by the present invention is at least about 500 μg/ml of protein in the serum. [0047]
  • Animals that can be treated with the materials and methods of the invention include mammals such as bovine, porcine, equine, ovine, feline and canine mammals. Preferably, the mammals are primates such as chimpanzees and humans. [0048]
  • The subject invention also concerns cells containing recombinant vectors of the present invention. The cells can be, for example, animal cells such as mammalian cells. Preferably, the cells are human cells. More preferably, the cells are human myofibers or myoblasts, hepatocytes or lung cells. In a preferred embodiment, a recombinant vector of the present invention is stably integrated into the host cell genome. Cell lines containing the recombinant vectors are also within the scope of the invention. [0049]
  • In an exemplified embodiment, recombinant AAV vectors comprising the human AAT gene (hAAT) using either the CMV promoter (AAV-C-AT) or the human elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1) promoter (AAV-E-AT) to drive expression were constructed and packaged using standard techniques. A murine myoblast cell line, C2C12, was transduced with each vector and expression of hAAT into the medium was measured by ELISA. In vitro, the EF1 promoter construct resulted in 10-fold higher hAAT expression than the CMV promoter construct. In vivo transduction was performed by injecting doses of up to 1.4×10[0050] 13 Dnase-resistant particles of each vector into skeletal muscles of a number of different strains of mice (including C57B1/6, Balb/c, and SCID). In vivo, the CMV promoter construct resulted in higher levels of expression, with sustained serum levels up to 800 μg/ml in SCID mice, approximately 10,000-fold higher than those previously observed with proteins secreted from AAV vectors in muscle. At lower doses in both C57B1/6 and SCID mice, expression was delayed for several weeks, but was sustained for over 10 weeks without declining. Thus, increasing dosage AAV vector via transduction of skeletal muscle provides a means for replacing AAT or other serum proteins.
  • Transduction of muscle using the vectors of the subject invention presents several advantages in that it is stable, non-toxic, and relatively nonimmunogenic. Furthermore, certain transcription promoters, such as the CMV promoter, which appear to be markedly down-regulated in other contexts have been found to remain active over time as used in the subject invention. Using the materials and methods of the subject invention, microgram/ml serum levels of a therapeutic protein can be achieved. In an exemplified embodiment, the levels of in vivo protein expression achieved represent a 10,000-fold or more increase over previously published results. In addition, a dose-effect relationship was demonstrable within the range of doses used, providing for further increases in expression levels as vector dose is increased. [0051]
  • In another embodiment of the invention, recombinant AAV vectors i.e., C-AT, p43C-AT, P43CB-AT, E-AT and DE-AT comprising the human AAT gene (hAAT) using were constructed and packaged using standard techniques. A murine liver cell line, HO15, was transfected with each vector and expression of hAAT into the medium was measured by ELISA. In vitro, transduction with the p43CB-AT vector exhibited the highest level of hAAT expression. In vivo, the p43CB-AT vector also gave higher levels of expression. Portal vein administration appeared to be the more efficient route of administration as mice injected in this manner exhibited higher levels of expression than those receiving peripheral vein injections. Transduction of liver offers the same advantages as for muscle, but hepatocytes may be more efficient at secretion of protein. [0052]
  • The dosage of recombinant vector or the virus to be administered to an animal in need of such treatment can be determined by the ordinarily skilled clinician based on various parameters such as mode of administration, duration of treatment, the disease state or condition involved, and the like. Typically, recombinant virus of the invention is administered in doses between 10[0053] 5 and 1014 infectious units. The recombinant vectors and virus of the present invention can be prepared in formulations using methods and materials known in the art. Numerous formulations can be found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 15th Edition (1975).
  • All publications and patents cited herein are expressly incorporated by reference. [0054]
  • Materials and Methods
  • Construction of rAAV plasmids. The rAAV-AAT vector plasmids used for these experiments are depicted diagrammatically (FIG. 1). Briefly, the plasmid pN2FAT (Garver et al., 1987) plasmid was digested with XhoI to release 1.8-kb fragment containing the human AAT cDNA along with the SV40 promoter and a polyadenylation signal. This fragment was subcloned into a plasmid, pBlueScript (Stratagene) and, after the removal of the SV40 promoter by Hind III digestion and religation, the hAAT cDNA with its polyA signal was released by XbaI and XhoI digestion. This 1.4-kb XbaI-XhoI fragment was then cloned in to the pTR-UFS (an AAV-inverted terminal repeat-containing vector) plasmid (Zolotukhin et al., 1996) between the [0055] Xbal site 3′ to the CMV promoter and the Xhol site 5′ to the polyoma virus enhancer/HSVthymidine kinase promoter cassette, which drives neo in that construct. This yielded the pAAV-CMV-AAT construct (C-AT). Analogous constructs using the promoter from the small nuclear RNA proteins, U1a and U1b, (to give the A-AT and B-AT constructs, respectively) and human elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1) promoter (to give the E-AT construct) were constructed by substituting each of these promoter cassettes in place of the CMV promoter, between the KpnI and XbaI sites.
  • The construct, DE-AT derived from E-AT by deletion of the silencer (352 bp) by SAC II-cut (Wakabayashi-Ito et al., 1994). C-AT2 is similar with C-AT except there are SV40 intron and poly (A) sequences flanking the cDNA of hAAT. The p43C-AT was constructed by insertion of hAAT cDNA to an AAV-vector plasmid (p43), which has CMV promoter, intron and poly (A) sequences. The p43CB-AT is derived by replacement of CMV promoter with CMV enhancer and chicken β-actin promoter sequences. The p43C-AT-IN is derived from p43C-AT by insertion of intron II sequences of hAAT gene to hAAT cDNA (Brantly et al., 1995). [0056]
  • Packaging of rAAV vectors. Vectors were packaged using a modification of the method described by Ferrari et al. (1997). Briefly, plasmids containing the AAV rep and cap genes (Li et al., 1997) and the Ad genes (E2a, E4 and VA-RNA) were co-transfected along with the appropriate AAV-AAT vector plasmid into 293 cells grown in Cell Factories (Nunc). Cells were harvested by trypsinization and disrupted by freeze-thaw lysis to release vector virions which were then purified by iodixanol gradient ultracentrifugation followed by heparin sepharose affinity column purification. Alternatively, recombinant virus can be prepared according to methods described in Zolotukhin et al. (1999). [0057]
  • Vector preparations had their physical titer assessed by quantitative competitive PCR and their biological titer assessed by infectious center assay. The presence of wild-type AAV was also assessed using these same assays with appropriate internal AAV probes. The high-dose C-AT stock had a particle-titer of 2.0×10[0058] 14 particles/ml and an infectious titer of 5.0×1011 infectious units (i.u.)/ml (particle to i.u. ratio=400:1). The low-dose C-AT measured 8×1012 particles/ml and 1.2×1010 i.u./ml (particle to i.u.=667:1). For the E-AT experiments, the titers were 1×1013 particles/ml and 2.5×1010 i.u./ml (particle to i.u. =400:1). The low-dose C-AT stock had a wt-like AAV particle titer (i.e., positive AAV genome PCR) equal to 0.1 times the recombinant titer but no detectable infectious wtAAV. The other two preparations had wt-like AAV particle titers <10−5 times the recombinant titer and no detectable infectious wtAAV.
  • In vitro transfection and transduction experiments. The C2C12 murine myoblast line was used for in vitro transfection and transduction experiments. Cells were grown in 35-mm wells with approximately 4×10[0059] −5 cells per well and transfected with 5 μg of each plasmid DNA using SUPERFECT (Qiagen Corp.). Secretion of hAAT into the medium was assessed at 2 days after transfection using an antigen-capture ELISA assay with standards (Brantly et al., 1991). An SV40 promoter luciferase-expression plasmid, pGL2 (Promega), was used as an internal control. For transduction experiments, cells were grown under similar conditions and were transduced with vector at multiplicities of infection ranging from 4×105 to 4×106 particles per cell. Cells were then passaged in the presence of geneticin sulfate (350 μg/ml) and geneticin-resistant clones were isolated for hAAT secretion studies.
  • In vivo injection of AAV-C-AT and AAV-E-AT vectors into murine muscle. Mice strains (C57B1/6, SCID, and Balb/c) were obtained from Jackson Laboratories (Bar Harbor, Me.) and were handled under specific pathogen-free conditions under a protocol approved by the University of Florida Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Animals were anesthetized by metaphane inhalation and aliquots of vector were injected percutaneously into the quadriceps femoris muscles of both hind limbs. The volume of vector ranged from 50 to 100 μl per injection site and the total amount of virus injected per animal ranged from 5×10[0060] 10 to 1.4×1013 Dnase-resistant particles.
  • Antigen capture ELISA assay for hAAT expression. Microtiter plates ([0061] Inmulon 4, Dynex Technologies, Chantilly, Va.) were coated with 100 μl of a 1:200 dilution of goat anti-human AAT (CAPPEL/ICN) in Vollers buffer (Na2CO3=2.76g, NaHCO3=1.916 g, NaN3=0.2 g, d.H2O=1 liter, Adjust PH=9.6) overnight at 4° C. After washing, standards and unknown samples containing hAAT were incubated in the plates at 37° C. for 1 hour. After blocking in 3% BSA in PBS-Tween 20 at 37° C. for 1 hour, a second antibody (1:1000 dilution of rabbit anti-human AAT, Boehringer Mannheim) was reacted with the captured antigen at 37° C. for 1 hour. Detection was performed using a third antibody incubation (1:800 dilution of goat anti-rabbit IgG-peroxidase conjugate, 37° C.) followed by o-phenylenediamine (OPD, Sigma) detection and measurement of the absorbance at 490 nm.
  • ELISA assay for anti-hAAT and anti-AAV VP3 antibodies. Wells were coated with antigen (1 μg of hAAT or 100 ng of VP3) at 4° C. overnight, blocked with 3% BSA and then reacted with dilutions of either test serum or with positive control antibodies at 37° C. for 1 hour. After washing, a goat-anti-mouse IgG-peroxidase conjugate was used as a secondary antibody (1:1500 dilution) to detect bound anti-AAT antibody, using a standard OPD reaction, as described above. Antibody levels were quantitated by comparison with a standard curve generated by reacting dilutions of known positive monoclonal antibodies against VP3 and hAAT. [0062]
  • Lymphocyte proliferation assays to detect cell-mediated immune responses. Lymphocyte proliferation assays were performed in order to detect T cell responses to the hAAT and VP3 antigens. Freshly isolated splenocytes were grown in primary culture in 96 well plates coated with 0, 0.1, 1, and 10 μg of either hAAT or VP3 in RPMI-C+ medium. On day three, a pulse of [0063] 3H-thymidine was added, and the cells were harvested on day 4 for lysis and scintillation counting. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was used as a mitogen for positive control wells. A stimulation index was calculated for each antigen dosage level by dividing the counts per minute (cpm) of 3H-thymidine incorporated in the antigen-stimulated cells by the cpm in a control (unstimulated) well.
  • Following are examples which illustrate procedures for practicing the invention. These examples should not be construed as limiting. All percentages are by weight and all solvent mixture proportions are by volume unless otherwise noted. [0064]
  • EXAMPLE 1 In vitro Studies in Murine C2C12 Myoblasts
  • In order to determine the relative strength of a number of constitutively active promoters in the context of AAV-AAT vectors, packageable AAV-AAT expression vectors containing one of the CMV, EF1, U1a or U1b promoters (FIG. 1) were constructed. Each of these constructs were transfected in to the murine C2C12 myoblast cell line. Both the EF1 and the CMV promoter were active for AAT expression, with EF1 construct (AAV-E-AT) expressing 850 ng/10[0065] 5 cells/day and the CMV construct (AAV-C-AT) expressing approximately 670 ng/105 cells/day, as measured by a human-specific ELISA assay for AAT (FIG. 2). This difference was not statistically significant. The levels of expression from the U1a and U1b constructs were undetectable.
  • In order to better characterize the level and duration of expression in the setting of vector transduction, cultures of C2C12 cells were transduced with either AAV-E-AT or AAV-C-AT at multiplicities of infection ranging from 4×10[0066] 5 to 4×106 Dnase-resistant particles per cell. Cells were then selected for expression of the neo gene (present in each of the AAV constructs) by growth in G418-containing medium. Several cell clones and pooled cell populations were independently analyzed for AAT expression at four weeks post-transduction (FIG. 3). There was a clear trend toward higher levels of expression at higher multiplicities of infection, and the E-AT construct expressed at least 10-fold greater quantities under all conditions in these long-term cultures. The most active E-AT clone expressed hAAT at a rate of over 1400 ng/105 cells/day.
  • EXAMPLE 2 In vivo Expression of hAAT from Murine Skeletal Muscle
  • In order to determine whether the AAV-AAT constructs would be active in vivo in skeletal muscle, doses of vector were injected into the quadriceps femoris muscle of mice. Circulating serum levels of hAAT were then measured for 11 to 15 weeks after the initial injection. Four saline-injected animals from each mouse strain served as controls. In the case of the C-AT vector (FIG. 5A), levels of expression were sufficient to achieve serum levels in excess of 800 μg/ml in SCID mice after a single injection of 1.4×10[0067] 13 particles. A dose-effect relationship was observed, with expression levels in SCID being at least 20-fold lower at the 5×1011 particle dose. The levels of expression increased over the first several weeks after injection and were stable thereafter until the time of sacrifice. Since hAAT has a half-life of less than 1 week, this indicated continuous expression. Levels from C57B1/6 mice were comparable, and also achieved values close to the therapeutic range. In similar studies, two of three Balb/c mice injected with 1×1011 particles of the C-AT vector did not express hAAT at detectable levels. Both of these were found to have developed high levels of anti-hAAT antibodies.
  • Surprisingly, expression levels from the AAV-E-AT vector after in vivo injection were modestly lower than those seen with the C-AT vector (FIG. 5B), with maximal levels of approximately 250 ng/ml at the 5×10[0068] 11 dose at and beyond 7 weeks in SCID mice. When the dose was further increased to 1×1012 particles, levels of approximately 1200 ng/ml were observed. These levels were stable for one year post-injection (FIG. 5C). Levels observed in SCID and immune competent C57B1/6 mice were similar.
  • EXAMPLE 3 Immunologic Studies
  • In studies in Balb/c mice, antibody levels against hAAT were high in 2 of 3 animals injected. The one which did not have circulating anti-hAAT was the only animal with levels of hAAT expression similar to those in the C57B1/6 and SCID groups. The high-dose C57-C-AT injection group had detectable levels of antibody directed against VP3, but not hAAT. [0069]
  • In order to determine whether any cell-mediated immune responses were mounted, lymphocyte proliferation assays were performed using either hAAT or AAV-VP3 for antigenic stimulation of primary splenic lymphocytes harvested at the time of animal sacrifice, 16 weeks post-vector injection. Using this method, no immune responses were detectable in any of the mice. [0070]
  • EXAMPLE 4 Lack of Toxicity from Direct Vector Injection
  • In order to determine whether there was any direct toxicity, inflammation, or neoplastic change associated with vector injection, animals underwent complete necropsies. Histopathologic examination was performed on 5 μm sections taken from the site of vector injection and from a panel of other organs, including the brain, heart, lungs, trachea, pancreas, spleen, liver, kidney, and jejunum. No histologic abnormalities were observed in any of these sites, even among those mice which developed humanol immune responses against hAAT. [0071]
  • EXAMPLE 5 Molecular Evidence of AAV-AAT Vector Persistence
  • To confirm the presence of vector DNA, a vector-specific PCR ([0072] neo primers 5′-TATGGGATCGGCCATTGAAC-3′, and 5′-CCTGATGCTCTTC-GTCCAGA-3′, was performed on DNA extracted from 3 SCID mice 16 weeks after injection with the C-AT vector, and PCR products were analyzed by Southern blot analysis with a 32P-labeled vector-specific probe (FIG. 8). The state of vector DNA was analyzed using the Hirt procedure (Carter et al, 1983) to separate the low molecular weight episomal DNA from the high molecular weight fraction, which would contain integrated forms and large concatemers. In each case, vector DNA was present in the high molecular weight DNA fraction, whereas in only one of the animals was there a signal in the episomal fraction. This result indicates that by 16 weeks most of the vector DNA in our animals was either integrated or in large concatemers.
  • EXAMPLE 6 In vivo Expression of hAAT from Murine Liver
  • Portal vein or tail vein injections were performed on 18 female C57BL/6 mice 8-10 weeks of age. The injection volume was 100 μl per mouse. [0073]
  • Each group had the following parameters: [0074]
  • 1. Group 1: 100 μof PBS n=4. [0075]
  • 2. Group 2: 100 μl of p43CB-AT (3×10 [0076] 10 IU/animal) n=3.
  • 3. Group 3: 100 μl of p43CB-AT (4×10[0077] 9 IU/animal) n=4.
  • 4. Group 4: 100 μl of C-AT (4×10[0078] 9 IU/animal) n=2.
  • 5. Group 5: 100 μl of E-AT (4×10[0079] 9 IU/animal) n=4.
  • 6. Group 6: EATM TV=100 μl by tail vein injection of E-AT (4×10[0080] 9 IU/animal) n=3.
  • 7. Group 0: 100 μl of PBS by tail vein injection n=2. [0081]
  • A total of 22 animals were used in this study. [0082]
  • All animals were anesthetized with 2-2-2 tribromoethanol (Avertin) using a working solution of 20 mg/ml at a dosage of 0.5 mg/g IP. A 2 cm ventral midline abdominal incision was made from the pubic symphysis extending cranially to the xyphoid process through skin and muscle layers. The portal vein was exposed by retracting the intestines and associated mesentery to the left side of the animal. Additionally, the quadrate and right medial lobes of the liver were retracted cranially. Intestines and peritoneal cavity were continuously ravaged with 0.9% NaC. 1 [0083]
  • Virus or PBS was delivered into the portal vein using a 30 g needle attached to a 100 ul capillary pipette using mouth delivery via rubber tubing and a Drummond self-locking double layer 0.8 um filter. A small piece of Gel-Foam (0.5×0.5 cm) was applied to the injection site before the needle was removed from the portal vein. The needle was retracted from beneath the Gel-Foam and the piece was held in place with forceps while the intestines were replaced into the peritoneal cavity. [0084]
  • The muscle and skin were closed in one layer using 2 simple interrupted 3-0 nylon sutures on an FS-1 cutting needle. Surgeries were performed on a thermoregulated operating board designed to maintain a temperature of 37 degrees. For recovery from anesthesia, the animals were placed under a heat lamp adjusted to maintain an ambient temperature of approximately 37 degrees and given subcutaneous fluid if there was a significant amount of blood loss during surgery. [0085]
  • Serum levels of hAAT in the mice were measured two weeks after injection. Serum levels of about 200-150 μg/ml hAAT were detected in mice receiving the p43CB-AT vector (FIG. 13). Studies using the E-AT vector show that injection of vector by portal vein led to greater levels of hAAT secretion as compared to E-AT administered by tail vein injection. [0086]
  • EXAMPLE 7 In vivo Expression of hAAT from Murine Lung
  • Mice were injected intratracheally with either C-AT or p43CB-AT vector. Serum levels of hAAT in the mice were measured at [0087] day 3, 14 and 31 after injection (FIG. 14). The p43CB-AT vector mediated high levels of expression of hAAT in lung.
  • It should be understood that the examples and embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and that various modifications or changes in light thereof will be suggested to persons skilled in the art and are to be included within the spirit and purview of this application and the scope of the appended claims. [0088]
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  • 1 13 1 6565 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial SequencePLASMID C-AT 1 gggggggggg ggggggggtt ggccactccc tctctgcgcg ctcgctcgct cactgaggcc 60 gggcgaccaa aggtcgcccg acgcccgggc tttgcccggg cggcctcagt gagcgagcga 120 gcgcgcagag agggagtggc caactccatc actaggggtt cctagatctg aattcggtac 180 ccgttacata acttacggta aatggcccgc ctggctgacc gcccaacgac ccccgcccat 240 tgacgtcaat aatgacgtat gttcccatag taacgccaat agggactttc cattgacgtc 300 aatgggtgga gtatttacgg taaactgccc acttggcagt acatcaagtg tatcatatgc 360 caagtacgcc ccctattgac gtcaatgacg gtaaatggcc cgcctggcat tatgcccagt 420 acatgacctt atgggacttt cctacttggc agtacatcta cgtattagtc atcgctatta 480 ccatggtgat gcggttttgg cagtacatca atgggcgtgg atagcggttt gactcacggg 540 gatttccaag tctccacccc attgacgtca atgggagttt gttttggcac caaaatcaac 600 gggactttcc aaaatgtcgt aacaactccg ccccattgac gcaaatgggc ggtaggcgtg 660 tacggtggga ggtctatata agcagagctc gtttagtgaa ccgtcagatc gcctggagac 720 gccatccacg ctgttttgac ctccatagaa gacaccggga ccgatccagc ctccggactc 780 tagaactagt ggatcccccg ggctgcagga attcgatatc aagcttgggg attttcaggc 840 accaccactg acctgggaca gtgaatcgac aatgccgtct tctgtctcgt ggggcatcct 900 cctgctggca ggcctgtgct gcctggtccc tgtctccctg gctgaggatc cccagggaga 960 tgctgcccag aagacagata catcccacca tgatcaggat cacccaacct tcaacaagat 1020 cacccccaac ctggctgagt tcgccttcag cctataccgc cagctggcac accagtccaa 1080 cagcaccaat atcttcttct ccccagtgag catcgctaca gcctttgcaa tgctctccct 1140 ggggaccaag gctgacactc acgatgaaat cctggagggc ctgaatttca acctcacgga 1200 gattccggag gctcagatcc atgaaggctt ccaggaactc ctccgtaccc tcaaccagcc 1260 agacagccag ctccagctga ccaccggcaa tggcctgttc ctcagcgagg gcctgaagct 1320 agtggataag tttttggagg atgttaaaaa gttgtaccac tcagaagcct tcactgtcaa 1380 cttcggggac accgaagagg ccaagaaaca gatcaacgat tacgtggaga agggtactca 1440 agggaaaatt gtggatttgg tcaaggagct tgacagagac acagtttttg ctctggtgaa 1500 ttacatcttc tttaaaggca aatgggagag accctttgaa gtcaaggaca ccgaggaaga 1560 ggacttccac gtggaccagg tgaccaccgt gaaggtgcct atgatgaagc gtttaggcat 1620 gtttaacatc cagcactgta agaagctgtc cagctgggtg ctgctgatga aatacctggg 1680 caatgccacc gccatcttct tcctgcctga tgaggggaaa ctacagcacc tggaaaatga 1740 actcacccac gatatcatca ccaagttcct ggaaaatgaa gacagaaggt ctgccagctt 1800 acatttaccc aaactgtcca ttactggaac ctatgatctg aagagcgtcc tgggtcaact 1860 gggcatcact aaggtcttca gcaatggggc tgacctctcc ggggtcacag aggaggcacc 1920 cctgaagctc tccaaggccg tgcataaggc tgtgctgacc atcgacgaga aagggactga 1980 agctgctggg gccatgtttt tagaggccat acccatgtct atcccccccg aggtcaagtt 2040 caacaaaccc tttgtcttct taatgattga acaaaatacc aagtctcccc tcttcatggg 2100 aaaagtggtg aatcccaccc aaaaataact gcctctcgct cctcaacccc tcccctccat 2160 ccctggcccc ctccctggat gacattaaag aagggttgag ctggtaaccc cccccccccc 2220 tgcaggggcc ctcgagcagt gtggttttgc aagaggaagc aaaaagcctc tccacccagg 2280 cctggaatgt ttccacccaa gtcgaaggca gtgtggtttt gcaagaggaa gcaaaaagcc 2340 tctccaccca ggcctggaat gtttccaccc aatgtcgagc aaccccgccc agcgtcttgt 2400 cattggcgaa ttcgaacacg cagatgcagt cggggcggcg cggtcccagg tccacttcgc 2460 atattaaggt gacgcgtgtg gcctcgaaca ccgagcgacc ctgcagccaa tatgggatcg 2520 gccattgaac aagatggatt gcacgcaggt tctccggccg cttgggtgga gaggctattc 2580 ggctatgact gggcacaaca gacaatcggc tgctctgatg ccgccgtgtt ccggctgtca 2640 gcgcaggggc gcccggttct ttttgtcaag accgacctgt ccggtgccct gaatgaactg 2700 caggacgagg cagcgcggct atcgtggctg gccacgacgg gcgttccttg cgcagctgtg 2760 ctcgacgttg tcactgaagc gggaagggac tggctgctat tgggcgaagt gccggggcag 2820 gatctcctgt catctcacct tgctcctgcc gagaaagtat ccatcatggc tgatgcaatg 2880 cggcggctgc atacgcttga tccggctacc tgcccattcg accaccaagc gaaacatcgc 2940 atcgagcgag cacgtactcg gatggaagcc ggtcttgtcg atcaggatga tctggacgaa 3000 gagcatcagg ggctcgcgcc agccgaactg ttcgccaggc tcaaggcgcg catgcccgac 3060 ggcgaggatc tcgtcgtgac ccatggcgat gcctgcttgc cgaatatcat ggtggaaaat 3120 ggccgctttt ctggattcat cgactgtggc cggctgggtg tggcggaccg ctatcaggac 3180 atagcgttgg ctacccgtga tattgctgaa gagcttggcg gcgaatgggc tgaccgcttc 3240 ctcgtgcttt acggtatcgc cgctcccgat tcgcagcgca tcgccttcta tcgccttctt 3300 gacgagttct tctgagggga tccgtcgact agagctcgct gatcagcctc gactgtgcct 3360 tctagttgcc agccatctgt tgtttgcccc tcccccgtgc cttccttgac cctggaaggt 3420 gccactccca ctgtcctttc ctaataaaat gaggaaattg catcgcattg tctgagtagg 3480 tgtcattcta ttctgggggg tggggtgggg caggacagca agggggagga ttgggaagac 3540 aatagcaggc atgctgggga gagatctagg aacccctagt gatggagttg gccactccct 3600 ctctgcgcgc tcgctcgctc actgaggccg cccgggcaaa gcccgggcgt cgggcgacct 3660 ttggtcgccc ggcctcagtg agcgagcgag cgcgcagaga gggagtggcc aacccccccc 3720 cccccccccc tgcagccctg cattaatgaa tcggccaacg cgcggggaga ggcggtttgc 3780 gtattgggcg ctcttccgct tcctcgctca ctgactcgct gcgctcggtc gttcggctgc 3840 ggcgagcggt atcagctcac tcaaaggcgg taatacggtt atccacagaa tcaggggata 3900 acgcaggaaa gaacatgtga gcaaaaggcc agcaaaaggc caggaaccgt aaaaaggccg 3960 cgttgctggc gtttttccat aggctccgcc cccctgacga gcatcacaaa aatcgacgct 4020 caagtcagag gtggcgaaac ccgacaggac tataaagata ccaggcgttt ccccctggaa 4080 gctccctcgt gcgctctcct gttccgaccc tgccgcttac cggatacctg tccgcctttc 4140 tcccttcggg aagcgtggcg ctttctcaat gctcacgctg taggtatctc agttcggtgt 4200 aggtcgttcg ctccaagctg ggctgtgtgc acgaaccccc cgttcagccc gaccgctgcg 4260 ccttatccgg taactatcgt cttgagtcca acccggtaag acacgactta tcgccactgg 4320 cagcagccac tggtaacagg attagcagag cgaggtatgt aggcggtgct acagagttct 4380 tgaagtggtg gcctaactac ggctacacta gaaggacagt atttggtatc tgcgctctgc 4440 tgaagccagt taccttcgga aaaagagttg gtagctcttg atccggcaaa caaaccaccg 4500 ctggtagcgg tggttttttt gtttgcaagc agcagattac gcgcagaaaa aaaggatctc 4560 aagaagatcc tttgatcttt tctacggggt ctgacgctca gtggaacgaa aactcacgtt 4620 aagggatttt ggtcatgaga ttatcaaaaa ggatcttcac ctagatcctt ttaaattaaa 4680 aatgaagttt taaatcaatc taaagtatat atgagtaaac ttggtctgac agttaccaat 4740 gcttaatcag tgaggcacct atctcagcga tctgtctatt tcgttcatcc atagttgcct 4800 gactccccgt cgtgtagata actacgatac gggagggctt accatctggc cccagtgctg 4860 caatgatacc gcgagaccca cgctcaccgg ctccagattt atcagcaata aaccagccag 4920 ccggaagggc cgagcgcaga agtggtcctg caactttatc cgcctccatc cagtctatta 4980 attgttgccg ggaagctaga gtaagtagtt cgccagttaa tagtttgcgc aacgttgttg 5040 ccattgctac aggcatcgtg gtgtcacgct cgtcgtttgg tatggcttca ttcagctccg 5100 gttcccaacg atcaaggcga gttacatgat cccccatgtt gtgcaaaaaa gcggttagct 5160 ccttcggtcc tccgatcgtt gtcagaagta agttggccgc agtgttatca ctcatggtta 5220 tggcagcact gcataattct cttactgtca tgccatccgt aagatgcttt tctgtgactg 5280 gtgagtactc aaccaagtca ttctgagaat agtgtatgcg gcgaccgagt tgctcttgcc 5340 cggcgtcaat acgggataat accgcgccac atagcagaac tttaaaagtg ctcatcattg 5400 gaaaacgttc ttcggggcga aaactctcaa ggatcttacc gctgttgaga tccagttcga 5460 tgtaacccac tcgtgcaccc aactgatctt cagcatcttt tactttcacc agcgtttctg 5520 ggtgagcaaa aacaggaagg caaaatgccg caaaaaaggg aataagggcg acacggaaat 5580 gttgaatact catactcttc ctttttcaat attattgaag catttatcag ggttattgtc 5640 tcatgagcgg atacatattt gaatgtattt agaaaaataa acaaataggg gttccgcgca 5700 catttccccg aaaagtgcca cctgacgtct aagaaaccat tattatcatg acattaacct 5760 ataaaaatag gcgtatcacg aggccctttc gtctcgcgcg tttcggtgat gacggtgaaa 5820 acctctgaca catgcagctc ccggagacgg tcacagcttg tctgtaagcg gatgccggga 5880 gcagacaagc ccgtcagggc gcgtcagcgg gtgttggcgg gtgtcggggc tggcttaact 5940 atgcggcatc agagcagatt gtactgagag tgcaccatat gcggtgtgaa ataccgcaca 6000 gatgcgtaag gagaaaatac cgcatcagga aattgtaaac gttaatattt tgttaaaatt 6060 cgcgttaaat ttttgttaaa tcagctcatt ttttaaccaa taggccgaaa tcggcaaaat 6120 cccttataaa tcaaaagaat agaccgagat agggttgagt gttgttccag tttggaacaa 6180 gagtccacta ttaaagaacg tggactccaa cgtcaaaggg cgaaaaaccg tctatcaggg 6240 cgatggccca ctacgtgaac catcacccta atcaagtttt ttggggtcga ggtgccgtaa 6300 agcactaaat cggaacccta aagggagccc ccgatttaga gcttgacggg gaaagccggc 6360 gaacgtggcg agaaaggaag ggaagaaagc gaaaggagcg ggcgctaggg cgctggcaag 6420 tgtagcggtc acgctgcgcg taaccaccac acccgccgcg cttaatgcgc cgctacaggg 6480 cgcgtcgcgc cattcgccat tcaggctacg caactgttgg gaagggcgat cggtgcgggc 6540 ctcttcgcta ttacgccagg ctgca 6565 2 7405 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial SequencePLASMID E-AT 2 gggggggggg ggggggggtt ggccactccc tctctgcgcg ctcgctcgct cactgaggcc 60 gggcgaccaa aggtcgcccg acgcccgggc tttgcccggg cggcctcagt gagcgagcga 120 gcgcgcagag agggagtggc caactccatc actaggggtt cctagatctg aattcggtac 180 cttggagcta agccagcaat ggtagaggga agattctgca cgtcccttcc aggcggcctc 240 cccgtcacca ccccccccaa cccgccccga ccggagctga gagtaattca tacaaaagga 300 ctcgcccctg ccttggggaa tcccagggac cgtcgttaaa ctcccactaa cgtagaaccc 360 agagatcgct gcgttcccgc cccctcaccc gcccgctctc gtcatcactg aggtggagaa 420 gagcatgcgt gaggctccgg tgcccgtcag tgggcagagc gcacatcgcc cacagtcccc 480 gagaagttgg ggggaggggt cggcaattga accggtgcct agagaaggtg gcgcggggta 540 aactgggaaa gtgatgtcgt gtactggctc cgcctttttc ccgagggtgg gggagaaccg 600 tatataagtg cagtagtcgc cgtgaacgtt ctttttcgca acgggtttgc cgccagaaca 660 caggtaagtg ccgtgtgtgg ttcccgcggg cctggcctct ttacgggtta tggcccttgc 720 gtgccttgaa ttacttccac gcccctggct gcagtacgtg attcttgatc ccgagcttcg 780 ggttggaagt gggtgggaga gttcgaggcc ttgcgcttaa ggagcccctt cgcctcgtgc 840 ttgagttgag gcctggcctg ggcgctgggg ccgccgcgtg cgaatctggt ggcaccttcg 900 cgcctgtctc gctgctttcg ataagtctct agccatttaa aatttttgat gacctgctgc 960 gacgcttttt ttctggcaag atagtcttgt aaatgcgggc caagatctgc acactggtat 1020 ttcggttttt ggggccgcgg gcggcgacgg ggcccgtgcg tcccagcgca catgttcggc 1080 gaggcggggc ctgcgagcgc ggccaccgag aatcggacgg gggtagtctc aagctggccg 1140 gcctgctctg gtgcctggcc tcgcgccgcc gtgtatcgcc ccgccctggg cggcaaggct 1200 ggcccggtcg gcaccagttg cgtgagcgga aagatggccg cttcccggcc ctgctgcagg 1260 gagctcaaaa tggaggacgc ggcgctcggg agagcgggcg ggtgagtcac ccacacaaag 1320 gaaaagggcc tttccgtcct cagccgtcgc ttcatgtgac tccacggagt accgggcgcc 1380 gtccaggcac ctcgattagt tctcgagctt ttggagtacg tcgtctttag gttgggggga 1440 ggggttttat gcgatggagt ttccccacac tgagtgggtg gagactgaag ttaggccagc 1500 ttggcacttg atgtaattct ccttggaatt tgcccttttt gagtttggat cttggttcat 1560 tctcaagcct cagacagtgg ttcaaagttt ttttcttcca tttcaggtgt cgtgaaaatc 1620 tagaactagt ggatcccccg ggctgcagga attcgatatc aagcttgggg attttcaggc 1680 accaccactg acctgggaca gtgaatcgac aatgccgtct tctgtctcgt ggggcatcct 1740 cctgctggca ggcctgtgct gcctggtccc tgtctccctg gctgaggatc cccagggaga 1800 tgctgcccag aagacagata catcccacca tgatcaggat cacccaacct tcaacaagat 1860 cacccccaac ctggctgagt tcgccttcag cctataccgc cagctggcac accagtccaa 1920 cagcaccaat atcttcttct ccccagtgag catcgctaca gcctttgcaa tgctctccct 1980 ggggaccaag gctgacactc acgatgaaat cctggagggc ctgaatttca acctcacgga 2040 gattccggag gctcagatcc atgaaggctt ccaggaactc ctccgtaccc tcaaccagcc 2100 agacagccag ctccagctga ccaccggcaa tggcctgttc ctcagcgagg gcctgaagct 2160 agtggataag tttttggagg atgttaaaaa gttgtaccac tcagaagcct tcactgtcaa 2220 cttcggggac accgaagagg ccaagaaaca gatcaacgat tacgtggaga agggtactca 2280 agggaaaatt gtggatttgg tcaaggagct tgacagagac acagtttttg ctctggtgaa 2340 ttacatcttc tttaaaggca aatgggagag accctttgaa gtcaaggaca ccgaggaaga 2400 ggacttccac gtggaccagg tgaccaccgt gaaggtgcct atgatgaagc gtttaggcat 2460 gtttaacatc cagcactgta agaagctgtc cagctgggtg ctgctgatga aatacctggg 2520 caatgccacc gccatcttct tcctgcctga tgaggggaaa ctacagcacc tggaaaatga 2580 actcacccac gatatcatca ccaagttcct ggaaaatgaa gacagaaggt ctgccagctt 2640 acatttaccc aaactgtcca ttactggaac ctatgatctg aagagcgtcc tgggtcaact 2700 gggcatcact aaggtcttca gcaatggggc tgacctctcc ggggtcacag aggaggcacc 2760 cctgaagctc tccaaggccg tgcataaggc tgtgctgacc atcgacgaga aagggactga 2820 agctgctggg gccatgtttt tagaggccat acccatgtct atcccccccg aggtcaagtt 2880 caacaaaccc tttgtcttct taatgattga acaaaatacc aagtctcccc tcttcatggg 2940 aaaagtggtg aatcccaccc aaaaataact gcctctcgct cctcaacccc tcccctccat 3000 ccctggcccc ctccctggat gacattaaag aagggttgag ctggtaaccc cccccccccc 3060 tgcaggggcc ctcgagcagt gtggttttgc aagaggaagc aaaaagcctc tccacccagg 3120 cctggaatgt ttccacccaa gtcgaaggca gtgtggtttt gcaagaggaa gcaaaaagcc 3180 tctccaccca ggcctggaat gtttccaccc aatgtcgagc aaccccgccc agcgtcttgt 3240 cattggcgaa ttcgaacacg cagatgcagt cggggcggcg cggtcccagg tccacttcgc 3300 atattaaggt gacgcgtgtg gcctcgaaca ccgagcgacc ctgcagccaa tatgggatcg 3360 gccattgaac aagatggatt gcacgcaggt tctccggccg cttgggtgga gaggctattc 3420 ggctatgact gggcacaaca gacaatcggc tgctctgatg ccgccgtgtt ccggctgtca 3480 gcgcaggggc gcccggttct ttttgtcaag accgacctgt ccggtgccct gaatgaactg 3540 caggacgagg cagcgcggct atcgtggctg gccacgacgg gcgttccttg cgcagctgtg 3600 ctcgacgttg tcactgaagc gggaagggac tggctgctat tgggcgaagt gccggggcag 3660 gatctcctgt catctcacct tgctcctgcc gagaaagtat ccatcatggc tgatgcaatg 3720 cggcggctgc atacgcttga tccggctacc tgcccattcg accaccaagc gaaacatcgc 3780 atcgagcgag cacgtactcg gatggaagcc ggtcttgtcg atcaggatga tctggacgaa 3840 gagcatcagg ggctcgcgcc agccgaactg ttcgccaggc tcaaggcgcg catgcccgac 3900 ggcgaggatc tcgtcgtgac ccatggcgat gcctgcttgc cgaatatcat ggtggaaaat 3960 ggccgctttt ctggattcat cgactgtggc cggctgggtg tggcggaccg ctatcaggac 4020 atagcgttgg ctacccgtga tattgctgaa gagcttggcg gcgaatgggc tgaccgcttc 4080 ctcgtgcttt acggtatcgc cgctcccgat tcgcagcgca tcgccttcta tcgccttctt 4140 gacgagttct tctgagggga tccgtcgact agagctcgct gatcagcctc gactgtgcct 4200 tctagttgcc agccatctgt tgtttgcccc tcccccgtgc cttccttgac cctggaaggt 4260 gccactccca ctgtcctttc ctaataaaat gaggaaattg catcgcattg tctgagtagg 4320 tgtcattcta ttctgggggg tggggtgggg caggacagca agggggagga ttgggaagac 4380 aatagcaggc atgctgggga gagatctagg aacccctagt gatggagttg gccactccct 4440 ctctgcgcgc tcgctcgctc actgaggccg cccgggcaaa gcccgggcgt cgggcgacct 4500 ttggtcgccc ggcctcagtg agcgagcgag cgcgcagaga gggagtggcc aacccccccc 4560 cccccccccc tgcagccctg cattaatgaa tcggccaacg cgcggggaga ggcggtttgc 4620 gtattgggcg ctcttccgct tcctcgctca ctgactcgct gcgctcggtc gttcggctgc 4680 ggcgagcggt atcagctcac tcaaaggcgg taatacggtt atccacagaa tcaggggata 4740 acgcaggaaa gaacatgtga gcaaaaggcc agcaaaaggc caggaaccgt aaaaaggccg 4800 cgttgctggc gtttttccat aggctccgcc cccctgacga gcatcacaaa aatcgacgct 4860 caagtcagag gtggcgaaac ccgacaggac tataaagata ccaggcgttt ccccctggaa 4920 gctccctcgt gcgctctcct gttccgaccc tgccgcttac cggatacctg tccgcctttc 4980 tcccttcggg aagcgtggcg ctttctcaat gctcacgctg taggtatctc agttcggtgt 5040 aggtcgttcg ctccaagctg ggctgtgtgc acgaaccccc cgttcagccc gaccgctgcg 5100 ccttatccgg taactatcgt cttgagtcca acccggtaag acacgactta tcgccactgg 5160 cagcagccac tggtaacagg attagcagag cgaggtatgt aggcggtgct acagagttct 5220 tgaagtggtg gcctaactac ggctacacta gaaggacagt atttggtatc tgcgctctgc 5280 tgaagccagt taccttcgga aaaagagttg gtagctcttg atccggcaaa caaaccaccg 5340 ctggtagcgg tggttttttt gtttgcaagc agcagattac gcgcagaaaa aaaggatctc 5400 aagaagatcc tttgatcttt tctacggggt ctgacgctca gtggaacgaa aactcacgtt 5460 aagggatttt ggtcatgaga ttatcaaaaa ggatcttcac ctagatcctt ttaaattaaa 5520 aatgaagttt taaatcaatc taaagtatat atgagtaaac ttggtctgac agttaccaat 5580 gcttaatcag tgaggcacct atctcagcga tctgtctatt tcgttcatcc atagttgcct 5640 gactccccgt cgtgtagata actacgatac gggagggctt accatctggc cccagtgctg 5700 caatgatacc gcgagaccca cgctcaccgg ctccagattt atcagcaata aaccagccag 5760 ccggaagggc cgagcgcaga agtggtcctg caactttatc cgcctccatc cagtctatta 5820 attgttgccg ggaagctaga gtaagtagtt cgccagttaa tagtttgcgc aacgttgttg 5880 ccattgctac aggcatcgtg gtgtcacgct cgtcgtttgg tatggcttca ttcagctccg 5940 gttcccaacg atcaaggcga gttacatgat cccccatgtt gtgcaaaaaa gcggttagct 6000 ccttcggtcc tccgatcgtt gtcagaagta agttggccgc agtgttatca ctcatggtta 6060 tggcagcact gcataattct cttactgtca tgccatccgt aagatgcttt tctgtgactg 6120 gtgagtactc aaccaagtca ttctgagaat agtgtatgcg gcgaccgagt tgctcttgcc 6180 cggcgtcaat acgggataat accgcgccac atagcagaac tttaaaagtg ctcatcattg 6240 gaaaacgttc ttcggggcga aaactctcaa ggatcttacc gctgttgaga tccagttcga 6300 tgtaacccac tcgtgcaccc aactgatctt cagcatcttt tactttcacc agcgtttctg 6360 ggtgagcaaa aacaggaagg caaaatgccg caaaaaaggg aataagggcg acacggaaat 6420 gttgaatact catactcttc ctttttcaat attattgaag catttatcag ggttattgtc 6480 tcatgagcgg atacatattt gaatgtattt agaaaaataa acaaataggg gttccgcgca 6540 catttccccg aaaagtgcca cctgacgtct aagaaaccat tattatcatg acattaacct 6600 ataaaaatag gcgtatcacg aggccctttc gtctcgcgcg tttcggtgat gacggtgaaa 6660 acctctgaca catgcagctc ccggagacgg tcacagcttg tctgtaagcg gatgccggga 6720 gcagacaagc ccgtcagggc gcgtcagcgg gtgttggcgg gtgtcggggc tggcttaact 6780 atgcggcatc agagcagatt gtactgagag tgcaccatat gcggtgtgaa ataccgcaca 6840 gatgcgtaag gagaaaatac cgcatcagga aattgtaaac gttaatattt tgttaaaatt 6900 cgcgttaaat ttttgttaaa tcagctcatt ttttaaccaa taggccgaaa tcggcaaaat 6960 cccttataaa tcaaaagaat agaccgagat agggttgagt gttgttccag tttggaacaa 7020 gagtccacta ttaaagaacg tggactccaa cgtcaaaggg cgaaaaaccg tctatcaggg 7080 cgatggccca ctacgtgaac catcacccta atcaagtttt ttggggtcga ggtgccgtaa 7140 agcactaaat cggaacccta aagggagccc ccgatttaga gcttgacggg gaaagccggc 7200 gaacgtggcg agaaaggaag ggaagaaagc gaaaggagcg ggcgctaggg cgctggcaag 7260 tgtagcggtc acgctgcgcg taaccaccac acccgccgcg cttaatgcgc cgctacaggg 7320 cgcgtcgcgc cattcgccat tcaggctacg caactgttgg gaagggcgat cggtgcgggc 7380 ctcttcgcta ttacgccagg ctgca 7405 3 7054 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial SequencePLASMID dE-AT 3 gggggggggg ggggggggtt ggccactccc tctctgcgcg ctcgctcgct cactgaggcc 60 gggcgaccaa aggtcgcccg acgcccgggc tttgcccggg cggcctcagt gagcgagcga 120 gcgcgcagag agggagtggc caactccatc actaggggtt cctagatctg aattcggtac 180 cttggagcta agccagcaat ggtagaggga agattctgca cgtcccttcc aggcggcctc 240 cccgtcacca ccccccccaa cccgccccga ccggagctga gagtaattca tacaaaagga 300 ctcgcccctg ccttggggaa tcccagggac cgtcgttaaa ctcccactaa cgtagaaccc 360 agagatcgct gcgttcccgc cccctcaccc gcccgctctc gtcatcactg aggtggagaa 420 gagcatgcgt gaggctccgg tgcccgtcag tgggcagagc gcacatcgcc cacagtcccc 480 gagaagttgg ggggaggggt cggcaattga accggtgcct agagaaggtg gcgcggggta 540 aactgggaaa gtgatgtcgt gtactggctc cgcctttttc ccgagggtgg gggagaaccg 600 tatataagtg cagtagtcgc cgtgaacgtt ctttttcgca acgggtttgc cgccagaaca 660 caggtaagtg ccgtgtgtgg ttcccgcggg cggcgacggg gcccgtgcgt cccagcgcac 720 atgttcggcg aggcggggcc tgcgagcgcg gccaccgaga atcggacggg ggtagtctca 780 agctggccgg cctgctctgg tgcctggcct cgcgccgccg tgtatcgccc cgccctgggc 840 ggcaaggctg gcccggtcgg caccagttgc gtgagcggaa agatggccgc ttcccggccc 900 tgctgcaggg agctcaaaat ggaggacgcg gcgctcggga gagcgggcgg gtgagtcacc 960 cacacaaagg aaaagggcct ttccgtcctc agccgtcgct tcatgtgact ccacggagta 1020 ccgggcgccg tccaggcacc tcgattagtt ctcgagcttt tggagtacgt cgtctttagg 1080 ttggggggag gggttttatg cgatggagtt tccccacact gagtgggtgg agactgaagt 1140 taggccagct tggcacttga tgtaattctc cttggaattt gccctttttg agtttggatc 1200 ttggttcatt ctcaagcctc agacagtggt tcaaagtttt tttcttccat ttcaggtgtc 1260 gtgaaaatct agaactagtg gatcccccgg gctgcaggaa ttcgatatca agcttgggga 1320 ttttcaggca ccaccactga cctgggacag tgaatcgaca atgccgtctt ctgtctcgtg 1380 gggcatcctc ctgctggcag gcctgtgctg cctggtccct gtctccctgg ctgaggatcc 1440 ccagggagat gctgcccaga agacagatac atcccaccat gatcaggatc acccaacctt 1500 caacaagatc acccccaacc tggctgagtt cgccttcagc ctataccgcc agctggcaca 1560 ccagtccaac agcaccaata tcttcttctc cccagtgagc atcgctacag cctttgcaat 1620 gctctccctg gggaccaagg ctgacactca cgatgaaatc ctggagggcc tgaatttcaa 1680 cctcacggag attccggagg ctcagatcca tgaaggcttc caggaactcc tccgtaccct 1740 caaccagcca gacagccagc tccagctgac caccggcaat ggcctgttcc tcagcgaggg 1800 cctgaagcta gtggataagt ttttggagga tgttaaaaag ttgtaccact cagaagcctt 1860 cactgtcaac ttcggggaca ccgaagaggc caagaaacag atcaacgatt acgtggagaa 1920 gggtactcaa gggaaaattg tggatttggt caaggagctt gacagagaca cagtttttgc 1980 tctggtgaat tacatcttct ttaaaggcaa atgggagaga ccctttgaag tcaaggacac 2040 cgaggaagag gacttccacg tggaccaggt gaccaccgtg aaggtgccta tgatgaagcg 2100 tttaggcatg tttaacatcc agcactgtaa gaagctgtcc agctgggtgc tgctgatgaa 2160 atacctgggc aatgccaccg ccatcttctt cctgcctgat gaggggaaac tacagcacct 2220 ggaaaatgaa ctcacccacg atatcatcac caagttcctg gaaaatgaag acagaaggtc 2280 tgccagctta catttaccca aactgtccat tactggaacc tatgatctga agagcgtcct 2340 gggtcaactg ggcatcacta aggtcttcag caatggggct gacctctccg gggtcacaga 2400 ggaggcaccc ctgaagctct ccaaggccgt gcataaggct gtgctgacca tcgacgagaa 2460 agggactgaa gctgctgggg ccatgttttt agaggccata cccatgtcta tcccccccga 2520 ggtcaagttc aacaaaccct ttgtcttctt aatgattgaa caaaatacca agtctcccct 2580 cttcatggga aaagtggtga atcccaccca aaaataactg cctctcgctc ctcaacccct 2640 cccctccatc cctggccccc tccctggatg acattaaaga agggttgagc tggtaacccc 2700 ccccccccct gcaggggccc tcgagcagtg tggttttgca agaggaagca aaaagcctct 2760 ccacccaggc ctggaatgtt tccacccaag tcgaaggcag tgtggttttg caagaggaag 2820 caaaaagcct ctccacccag gcctggaatg tttccaccca atgtcgagca accccgccca 2880 gcgtcttgtc attggcgaat tcgaacacgc agatgcagtc ggggcggcgc ggtcccaggt 2940 ccacttcgca tattaaggtg acgcgtgtgg cctcgaacac cgagcgaccc tgcagccaat 3000 atgggatcgg ccattgaaca agatggattg cacgcaggtt ctccggccgc ttgggtggag 3060 aggctattcg gctatgactg ggcacaacag acaatcggct gctctgatgc cgccgtgttc 3120 cggctgtcag cgcaggggcg cccggttctt tttgtcaaga ccgacctgtc cggtgccctg 3180 aatgaactgc aggacgaggc agcgcggcta tcgtggctgg ccacgacggg cgttccttgc 3240 gcagctgtgc tcgacgttgt cactgaagcg ggaagggact ggctgctatt gggcgaagtg 3300 ccggggcagg atctcctgtc atctcacctt gctcctgccg agaaagtatc catcatggct 3360 gatgcaatgc ggcggctgca tacgcttgat ccggctacct gcccattcga ccaccaagcg 3420 aaacatcgca tcgagcgagc acgtactcgg atggaagccg gtcttgtcga tcaggatgat 3480 ctggacgaag agcatcaggg gctcgcgcca gccgaactgt tcgccaggct caaggcgcgc 3540 atgcccgacg gcgaggatct cgtcgtgacc catggcgatg cctgcttgcc gaatatcatg 3600 gtggaaaatg gccgcttttc tggattcatc gactgtggcc ggctgggtgt ggcggaccgc 3660 tatcaggaca tagcgttggc tacccgtgat attgctgaag agcttggcgg cgaatgggct 3720 gaccgcttcc tcgtgcttta cggtatcgcc gctcccgatt cgcagcgcat cgccttctat 3780 cgccttcttg acgagttctt ctgaggggat ccgtcgacta gagctcgctg atcagcctcg 3840 actgtgcctt ctagttgcca gccatctgtt gtttgcccct cccccgtgcc ttccttgacc 3900 ctggaaggtg ccactcccac tgtcctttcc taataaaatg aggaaattgc atcgcattgt 3960 ctgagtaggt gtcattctat tctggggggt ggggtggggc aggacagcaa gggggaggat 4020 tgggaagaca atagcaggca tgctggggag agatctagga acccctagtg atggagttgg 4080 ccactccctc tctgcgcgct cgctcgctca ctgaggccgc ccgggcaaag cccgggcgtc 4140 gggcgacctt tggtcgcccg gcctcagtga gcgagcgagc gcgcagagag ggagtggcca 4200 accccccccc ccccccccct gcagccctgc attaatgaat cggccaacgc gcggggagag 4260 gcggtttgcg tattgggcgc tcttccgctt cctcgctcac tgactcgctg cgctcggtcg 4320 ttcggctgcg gcgagcggta tcagctcact caaaggcggt aatacggtta tccacagaat 4380 caggggataa cgcaggaaag aacatgtgag caaaaggcca gcaaaaggcc aggaaccgta 4440 aaaaggccgc gttgctggcg tttttccata ggctccgccc ccctgacgag catcacaaaa 4500 atcgacgctc aagtcagagg tggcgaaacc cgacaggact ataaagatac caggcgtttc 4560 cccctggaag ctccctcgtg cgctctcctg ttccgaccct gccgcttacc ggatacctgt 4620 ccgcctttct cccttcggga agcgtggcgc tttctcaatg ctcacgctgt aggtatctca 4680 gttcggtgta ggtcgttcgc tccaagctgg gctgtgtgca cgaacccccc gttcagcccg 4740 accgctgcgc cttatccggt aactatcgtc ttgagtccaa cccggtaaga cacgacttat 4800 cgccactggc agcagccact ggtaacagga ttagcagagc gaggtatgta ggcggtgcta 4860 cagagttctt gaagtggtgg cctaactacg gctacactag aaggacagta tttggtatct 4920 gcgctctgct gaagccagtt accttcggaa aaagagttgg tagctcttga tccggcaaac 4980 aaaccaccgc tggtagcggt ggtttttttg tttgcaagca gcagattacg cgcagaaaaa 5040 aaggatctca agaagatcct ttgatctttt ctacggggtc tgacgctcag tggaacgaaa 5100 actcacgtta agggattttg gtcatgagat tatcaaaaag gatcttcacc tagatccttt 5160 taaattaaaa atgaagtttt aaatcaatct aaagtatata tgagtaaact tggtctgaca 5220 gttaccaatg cttaatcagt gaggcaccta tctcagcgat ctgtctattt cgttcatcca 5280 tagttgcctg actccccgtc gtgtagataa ctacgatacg ggagggctta ccatctggcc 5340 ccagtgctgc aatgataccg cgagacccac gctcaccggc tccagattta tcagcaataa 5400 accagccagc cggaagggcc gagcgcagaa gtggtcctgc aactttatcc gcctccatcc 5460 agtctattaa ttgttgccgg gaagctagag taagtagttc gccagttaat agtttgcgca 5520 acgttgttgc cattgctaca ggcatcgtgg tgtcacgctc gtcgtttggt atggcttcat 5580 tcagctccgg ttcccaacga tcaaggcgag ttacatgatc ccccatgttg tgcaaaaaag 5640 cggttagctc cttcggtcct ccgatcgttg tcagaagtaa gttggccgca gtgttatcac 5700 tcatggttat ggcagcactg cataattctc ttactgtcat gccatccgta agatgctttt 5760 ctgtgactgg tgagtactca accaagtcat tctgagaata gtgtatgcgg cgaccgagtt 5820 gctcttgccc ggcgtcaata cgggataata ccgcgccaca tagcagaact ttaaaagtgc 5880 tcatcattgg aaaacgttct tcggggcgaa aactctcaag gatcttaccg ctgttgagat 5940 ccagttcgat gtaacccact cgtgcaccca actgatcttc agcatctttt actttcacca 6000 gcgtttctgg gtgagcaaaa acaggaaggc aaaatgccgc aaaaaaggga ataagggcga 6060 cacggaaatg ttgaatactc atactcttcc tttttcaata ttattgaagc atttatcagg 6120 gttattgtct catgagcgga tacatatttg aatgtattta gaaaaataaa caaatagggg 6180 ttccgcgcac atttccccga aaagtgccac ctgacgtcta agaaaccatt attatcatga 6240 cattaaccta taaaaatagg cgtatcacga ggccctttcg tctcgcgcgt ttcggtgatg 6300 acggtgaaaa cctctgacac atgcagctcc cggagacggt cacagcttgt ctgtaagcgg 6360 atgccgggag cagacaagcc cgtcagggcg cgtcagcggg tgttggcggg tgtcggggct 6420 ggcttaacta tgcggcatca gagcagattg tactgagagt gcaccatatg cggtgtgaaa 6480 taccgcacag atgcgtaagg agaaaatacc gcatcaggaa attgtaaacg ttaatatttt 6540 gttaaaattc gcgttaaatt tttgttaaat cagctcattt tttaaccaat aggccgaaat 6600 cggcaaaatc ccttataaat caaaagaata gaccgagata gggttgagtg ttgttccagt 6660 ttggaacaag agtccactat taaagaacgt ggactccaac gtcaaagggc gaaaaaccgt 6720 ctatcagggc gatggcccac tacgtgaacc atcaccctaa tcaagttttt tggggtcgag 6780 gtgccgtaaa gcactaaatc ggaaccctaa agggagcccc cgatttagag cttgacgggg 6840 aaagccggcg aacgtggcga gaaaggaagg gaagaaagcg aaaggagcgg gcgctagggc 6900 gctggcaagt gtagcggtca cgctgcgcgt aaccaccaca cccgccgcgc ttaatgcgcc 6960 gctacagggc gcgtcgcgcc attcgccatt caggctacgc aactgttggg aagggcgatc 7020 ggtgcgggcc tcttcgctat tacgccaggc tgca 7054 4 5932 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequencep43C-AT 4 gggggggggg gggggggttg gccactccct ctctgcgcgc tcgctcgctc actgaggccg 60 ggcgaccaaa ggtcgcccga cgcccgggct ttgcccgggc ggcctcagtg agcgagcgag 120 cgcgcagaga gggagtggcc aactccatca ctaggggttc ctagatcttc aatattggcc 180 attagccata ttattcattg gttatatagc ataaatcaat attggctatt ggccattgca 240 tacgttgtat ctatatcata atatgtacat ttatattggc tcatgtccaa tatgaccgcc 300 atgttggcat tgattattga ctagttatta atagtaatca attacggggt cattagttca 360 tagcccatat atggagttcc gcgttacata acttacggta aatggcccgc ctggctgacc 420 gcccaacgac ccccgcccat tgacgtcaat aatgacgtat gttcccatag taacgccaat 480 agggactttc cattgacgtc aatgggtgga gtatttacgg taaactgccc acttggcagt 540 acatcaagtg tatcatatgc caagtccgcc ccctattgac gtcaatgacg gtaaatggcc 600 cgcctggcat tatgcccagt acatgacctt acgggacttt cctacttggc agtacatcta 660 cgtattagtc atcgctatta ccatggtgat gcggttttgg cagtacacca atgggcgtgg 720 atagcggttt gactcacggg gatttccaag tctccacccc attgacgtca atgggagttt 780 gttttggcac caaaatcaac gggactttcc aaaatgtcgt aataaccccg ccccgttgac 840 gcaaatgggc ggtaggcgtg tacggtggga ggtctatata agcagagctc gtttagtgaa 900 ccgtcagatc actagaagct ttattgcggt agtttatcac agttaaattg ctaacgcagt 960 cagtgcttct gacacaacag tctcgaactt aagctgcaga agttggtcgt gaggcactgg 1020 gcaggtaagt atcaaggtta caagacaggt ttaaggagac caatagaaac tgggcttgtc 1080 gagacagaga agactcttgc gtttctgata ggcacctatt ggtcttactg acatccactt 1140 tgcctttctc tccacaggtg tccactccca gttcaattac agctcttaag gctagagtac 1200 ttaatacgac tcactatagg ctagaactag tggatccccc gggctgcagg aattcgatat 1260 caagcttggg gattttcagg caccaccact gacctgggac agtgaatcga caatgccgtc 1320 ttctgtctcg tggggcatcc tcctgctggc aggcctgtgc tgcctggtcc ctgtctccct 1380 ggctgaggat ccccagggag atgctgccca gaagacagat acatcccacc atgatcagga 1440 tcacccaacc ttcaacaaga tcacccccaa cctggctgag ttcgccttca gcctataccg 1500 ccagctggca caccagtcca acagcaccaa tatcttcttc tccccagtga gcatcgctac 1560 agcctttgca atgctctccc tggggaccaa ggctgacact cacgatgaaa tcctggaggg 1620 cctgaatttc aacctcacgg agattccgga ggctcagatc catgaaggct tccaggaact 1680 cctccgtacc ctcaaccagc cagacagcca gctccagctg accaccggca atggcctgtt 1740 cctcagcgag ggcctgaagc tagtggataa gtttttggag gatgttaaaa agttgtacca 1800 ctcagaagcc ttcactgtca acttcgggga caccgaagag gccaagaaac agatcaacga 1860 ttacgtggag aagggtactc aagggaaaat tgtggatttg gtcaaggagc ttgacagaga 1920 cacagttttt gctctggtga attacatctt ctttaaaggc aaatgggaga gaccctttga 1980 agtcaaggac accgaggaag aggacttcca cgtggaccag gtgaccaccg tgaaggtgcc 2040 tatgatgaag cgtttaggca tgtttaacat ccagcactgt aagaagctgt ccagctgggt 2100 gctgctgatg aaatacctgg gcaatgccac cgccatcttc ttcctgcctg atgaggggaa 2160 actacagcac ctggaaaatg aactcaccca cgatatcatc accaagttcc tggaaaatga 2220 agacagaagg tctgccagct tacatttacc caaactgtcc attactggaa cctatgatct 2280 gaagagcgtc ctgggtcaac tgggcatcac taaggtcttc agcaatgggg ctgacctctc 2340 cggggtcaca gaggaggcac ccctgaagct ctccaaggcc gtgcataagg ctgtgctgac 2400 catcgacgag aaagggactg aagctgctgg ggccatgttt ttagaggcca tacccatgtc 2460 tatccccccc gaggtcaagt tcaacaaacc ctttgtcttc ttaatgattg aacaaaatac 2520 caagtctccc ctcttcatgg gaaaagtggt gaatcccacc caaaaataac tgcctctcgc 2580 tcctcaaccc ctcccctcca tccctggccc cctccctgga tgacattaaa gaagggttga 2640 gctggtaacc cccccccccc ctgcaggggc cctcgacccg ggcggccgct tcgagcagac 2700 atgataagat acattgatga gtttggacaa accacaacta gaatgcagtg aaaaaaatgc 2760 tttatttgtg aaatttgtga tgctattgct ttatttgtaa ccattataag ctgcaataaa 2820 caagttaaca acaacaattg cattcatttt atgtttcagg ttcaggggga gatgtgggag 2880 gttttttaaa gcaagtaaaa cctctacaaa tgtggtaaaa tcgataagga tctaggaacc 2940 cctagtgatg gagttggcca ctccctctct gcgcgctcgc tcgctcactg aggccgcccg 3000 ggcaaagccc gggcgtcggg cgacctttgg tcgcccggcc tcagtgagcg agcgagcgcg 3060 cagagaggga gtggccaacc cccccccccc cccccctgca gcctggcgta atagcgaaga 3120 ggcccgcacc gatcgccctt cccaacagtt gcgtagcctg aatggcgaat ggcgcgacgc 3180 gccctgtagc ggcgcattaa gcgcggcggg tgtggtggtt acgcgcagcg tgaccgctac 3240 acttgccagc gccctagcgc ccgctccttt cgctttcttc ccttcctttc tcgccacgtt 3300 cgccggcttt ccccgtcaag ctctaaatcg ggggctccct ttagggttcc gatttagtgc 3360 tttacggcac ctcgacccca aaaaacttga ttagggtgat ggttcacgta gtgggccatc 3420 gccctgatag acggtttttc gccctttgac gttggagtcc acgttcttta atagtggact 3480 cttgttccaa actggaacaa cactcaaccc tatctcggtc tattcttttg atttataagg 3540 gattttgccg atttcggcct attggttaaa aaatgagctg atttaacaaa aatttaacgc 3600 gaattttaac aaaatattaa cgtttacaat ttcctgatgc ggtattttct ccttacgcat 3660 ctgtgcggta tttcacaccg catatggtgc actctcagta caatctgctc tgatgccgca 3720 tagttaagcc agccccgaca cccgccaaca cccgctgacg cgccctgacg ggcttgtctg 3780 ctcccggcat ccgcttacag acaagctgtg accgtctccg ggagctgcat gtgtcagagg 3840 ttttcaccgt catcaccgaa acgcgcgaga cgaaagggcc tcgtgatacg cctattttta 3900 taggttaatg tcatgataat aatggtttct tagacgtcag gtggcacttt tcggggaaat 3960 gtgcgcggaa cccctatttg tttatttttc taaatacatt caaatatgta tccgctcatg 4020 agacaataac cctgataaat gcttcaataa tattgaaaaa ggaagagtat gagtattcaa 4080 catttccgtg tcgcccttat tccctttttt gcggcatttt gccttcctgt ttttgctcac 4140 ccagaaacgc tggtgaaagt aaaagatgct gaagatcagt tgggtgcacg agtgggttac 4200 atcgaactgg atctcaacag cggtaagatc cttgagagtt ttcgccccga agaacgtttt 4260 ccaatgatga gcacttttaa agttctgcta tgtggcgcgg tattatcccg tattgacgcc 4320 gggcaagagc aactcggtcg ccgcatacac tattctcaga atgacttggt tgagtactca 4380 ccagtcacag aaaagcatct tacggatggc atgacagtaa gagaattatg cagtgctgcc 4440 ataaccatga gtgataacac tgcggccaac ttacttctga caacgatcgg aggaccgaag 4500 gagctaaccg cttttttgca caacatgggg gatcatgtaa ctcgccttga tcgttgggaa 4560 ccggagctga atgaagccat accaaacgac gagcgtgaca ccacgatgcc tgtagcaatg 4620 gcaacaacgt tgcgcaaact attaactggc gaactactta ctctagcttc ccggcaacaa 4680 ttaatagact ggatggaggc ggataaagtt gcaggaccac ttctgcgctc ggcccttccg 4740 gctggctggt ttattgctga taaatctgga gccggtgagc gtgggtctcg cggtatcatt 4800 gcagcactgg ggccagatgg taagccctcc cgtatcgtag ttatctacac gacggggagt 4860 caggcaacta tggatgaacg aaatagacag atcgctgaga taggtgcctc actgattaag 4920 cattggtaac tgtcagacca agtttactca tatatacttt agattgattt aaaacttcat 4980 ttttaattta aaaggatcta ggtgaagatc ctttttgata atctcatgac caaaatccct 5040 taacgtgagt tttcgttcca ctgagcgtca gaccccgtag aaaagatcaa aggatcttct 5100 tgagatcctt tttttctgcg cgtaatctgc tgcttgcaaa caaaaaaacc accgctacca 5160 gcggtggttt gtttgccgga tcaagagcta ccaactcttt ttccgaaggt aactggcttc 5220 agcagagcgc agataccaaa tactgtcctt ctagtgtagc cgtagttagg ccaccacttc 5280 aagaactctg tagcaccgcc tacatacctc gctctgctaa tcctgttacc agtggctgct 5340 gccagtggcg ataagtcgtg tcttaccggg ttggactcaa gacgatagtt accggataag 5400 gcgcagcggt cgggctgaac ggggggttcg tgcacacagc ccagcttgga gcgaacgacc 5460 tacaccgaac tgagatacct acagcgtgag cattgagaaa gcgccacgct tcccgaaggg 5520 agaaaggcgg acaggtatcc ggtaagcggc agggtcggaa caggagagcg cacgagggag 5580 cttccagggg gaaacgcctg gtatctttat agtcctgtcg ggtttcgcca cctctgactt 5640 gagcgtcgat ttttgtgatg ctcgtcaggg gggcggagcc tatggaaaaa cgccagcaac 5700 gcggcctttt tacggttcct ggccttttgc tggccttttg ctcacatgtt ctttcctgcg 5760 ttatcccctg attctgtgga taaccgtatt accgcctttg agtgagctga taccgctcgc 5820 cgcagccgaa cgaccgagcg cagcgagtca gtgagcgagg aagcggaaga gcgcccaata 5880 cgcaaaccgc ctctccccgc gcgttggccg attcattaat gcagggctgc ag 5932 5 7492 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequencep43C-AT-IN 5 aattccgcat tgcagagata attgtattta agtgcctagc tcgatacaat aaacgccatt 60 tgaccattca ccacattggt gtgcacctcc actagctgcc ttgactgcct ggccccccca 120 tctctgtctt gcaggacaat gccgtcttct gtctcgtggg gcatcctcct gctggcaggc 180 ctgtgctgcc tggtccctgt ctccctggct gaggatcccc agggagatgc tgcccagaag 240 acagatacat cccaccatga tcaggatcac ccaaccttca acaagatcac ccccaacctg 300 gctgagttcg ccttcagcct ataccgccag ctggcacacc agtccaacag caccaatatc 360 ttcttctccc cagtgagcat cgctacagcc tttgcaatgc tctccctggg gaccaaggct 420 gacactcacg atgaaatcct ggagggcctg aatttcaacc tcacggagat tccggaggct 480 cagatccatg aaggcttcca ggaactcctc cgtaccctca accagccaga cagccagctc 540 cagctgacca ccggcaatgg cctgttcctc agcgagggcc tgaagctagt ggataagttt 600 ttggaggatg ttaaaaagtt gtaccactca gaagccttca ctgtcaactt cggggacacc 660 gaagaggcca agaaacagat caacgattac gtggagaagg gtactcaagg gaaaattgtg 720 gatttggtca aggagcttga cagagacaca gtttttgctc tggtgaatta catcttcttt 780 aaaggtaagg ttgctcaacc agcctgagct gtttcccata gaaacaagca aaaatatttc 840 tcaaaccatc agttcttgaa ctctccttgg caatgcatta tgggccatag caatgctttt 900 cagcgtggat tcttcagttt tctacacaca aacactaaaa tgttttccat cattgagtaa 960 tttgaggaaa taatagatta aactgtcaaa actactgacg ctctgcagaa cttttcagag 1020 cctttaatgt ccttgtgtat actgtatatg tagaatatat aatgcttaga actatagaac 1080 aaattgtaat acactgcata aagggatagt ttcatggaac atactttaca cgactctagt 1140 gtcccagaat cagtatcagt tttgcaatct gaaagacctg ggttcaaatc ctgcctctaa 1200 cacaattagc ttttgacaaa aacaatgcat tctacctctt tgaggtgcta atttctcatc 1260 ttagcatgga caaaatacca ttcttgctgt caggtttttt taggattaaa caaatgacaa 1320 agactgtggg gatggtgtgt ggcatacagc aggtgatgga ctcttctgta tctcaggctg 1380 ccttcctgcc cctgaggggt taaaatgcca gggtcctggg ggccccaggg cattctaagc 1440 cagctcccac tgtcccagga aaacagcata ggggagggga ggtgggaggc aaggccaggg 1500 gctgcttcct ccactctgag gctcccttgc tcttgaggca aaggagggca gtggaggcaa 1560 gccaggctgc agtcagcaca gctaaagtcc tggctctgct gtggccttag tgggggccca 1620 ggtccctctc cagccccagt ctcctccttc tgtccaatga gaaagctggg atcaggggtc 1680 cctgaggccc ctgtccactc tgcatgcctc gatggtgaag ctctgttggt atggcagagg 1740 ggaggctgct caggcatctg catttcccct gccaatctag aggatgagga aagctctcag 1800 gaatagtaag cagaatgttt gccctggatg aataactgag ctgccaatta acaaggggca 1860 gggagcctta gacagaaggt accaaatatg cctgatgctc caacatttta tttgtaatat 1920 ccaagacacc ctcaaataaa catatgattc caataaaaat gcacagccac gatggcatct 1980 cttagcctga catcgccacg atgtagaaat tctgcatctt cctctagttt tgaattatcc 2040 ccacacaatc tttttcggca gcttggatgg tcagtttcag caccttttac agatgatgaa 2100 gctgagcctc gagggatgtg tgtcgtcaag ggggctcagg gcttctcagg gaggggactc 2160 atggtttctt attctgctac actcttccaa accttcactc acccctggtg atgcccacct 2220 tcccctctct ccaggcaaat gggagagacc ctttgaagtc aaggacaccg aggaagagga 2280 cttccacgtg gaccaggtga ccaccgtgaa ggtgcctatg atgaagcgtt taggcatgtt 2340 taacatccag cactgtaaga agctgtccag ctgggtgctg ctgatgaaat acctgggcaa 2400 tgccaccgcc atcttcttcc tgcctgatga ggggaaacta cagcacctgg aaaatgaact 2460 cacccacgat atcatcacca agttcctgga aaatgaagac agaaggtctg ccagcttaca 2520 tttacccaaa ctgtccatta ctggaaccta tgatctgaag agcgtcctgg gtcaactggg 2580 catcactaag gtcttcagca atggggctga cctctccggg gtcacagagg aggcacccct 2640 gaagctctcc aaggccgtgc ataaggctgt gctgaccatc gacgagaaag ggactgaagc 2700 tgctggggcc atgtttttag aggccatacc catgtctatc ccccccgagg tcaagttcaa 2760 caaacccttt gtcttcttaa tgattgaaca aaataccaag tctcccctct tcatgggaaa 2820 agtggtgaat cccacccaaa aataactgcc tctcgctcct caacccctcc cctccatccc 2880 tggccccctc cctggatgac attaaagaag ggttgagctg gtaacccccc ccccccctgc 2940 aggccctcga gacgcgtggc atgcaagctt ggtaccgagc tcggatccac tagtaacggc 3000 cgccagtgtg ctggaattca cgcgtggtac ctctagagtc gacccgggcg gccgcttcga 3060 gcagacatga taagatacat tgatgagttt ggacaaacca caactagaat gcagtgaaaa 3120 aaatgcttta tttgtgaaat ttgtgatgct attgctttat ttgtaaccat tataagctgc 3180 aataaacaag ttaacaacaa caattgcatt cattttatgt ttcaggttca gggggagatg 3240 tgggaggttt tttaaagcaa gtaaaacctc tacaaatgtg gtaaaatcga taaggatcta 3300 ggaaccccta gtgatggagt tggccactcc ctctctgcgc gctcgctcgc tcactgaggc 3360 cgcccgggca aagcccgggc gtcgggcgac ctttggtcgc ccggcctcag tgagcgagcg 3420 agcgcgcaga gagggagtgg ccaactgcag ctgcattaat gaatcggcca acgcgcgggg 3480 agaggcggtt tgcgtattgg gcgctcttcc gcttcctcgc tcactgactc gctgcgctcg 3540 gtcgttcggc tgcggcgagc ggtatcagct cactcaaagg cggtaatacg gttatccaca 3600 gaatcagggg ataacgcagg aaagaacatg tgagcaaaag gccagcaaaa ggccaggaac 3660 cgtaaaaagg ccgcgttgct ggcgtttttc cataggctcc gcccccctga cgagcatcac 3720 aaaaatcgac gctcaagtca gaggtggcga aacccgacag gactataaag ataccaggcg 3780 tttccccctg gaagctccct cgtgcgctct cctgttccga ccctgccgct taccggatac 3840 ctgtccgcct ttctcccttc gggaagcgtg gcgctttctc aatgctcacg ctgtaggtat 3900 ctcagttcgg tgtaggtcgt tcgctccaag ctgggctgtg tgcacgaacc ccccgttcag 3960 cccgaccgct gcgccttatc cggtaactat cgtcttgagt ccaacccggt aagacacgac 4020 ttatcgccac tggcagcagc cactggtaac aggattagca gagcgaggta tgtaggcggt 4080 gctacagagt tcttgaagtg gtggcctaac tacggctaca ctagaaggac agtatttggt 4140 atctgcgctc tgctgaagcc agttaccttc ggaaaaagag ttggtagctc ttgatccggc 4200 aaacaaacca ccgctggtag cggtggtttt tttgtttgca agcagcagat tacgcgcaga 4260 aaaaaaggat ctcaagaaga tcctttgatc ttttctacgg ggtctgacgc tcagtggaac 4320 gaaaactcac gttaagggat tttggtcatg agattatcaa aaaggatctt cacctagatc 4380 cttttaaatt aaaaatgaag ttttaaatca atctaaagta tatatgagta aacttggtct 4440 gacagttacc aatgcttaat cagtgaggca cctatctcag cgatctgtct atttcgttca 4500 tccatagttg cctgactccc cgtcgtgtag ataactacga tacgggaggg cttaccatct 4560 ggccccagtg ctgcaatgat accgcgagac ccacgctcac cggctccaga tttatcagca 4620 ataaaccagc cagccggaag ggccgagcgc agaagtggtc ctgcaacttt atccgcctcc 4680 atccagtcta ttaattgttg ccgggaagct agagtaagta gttcgccagt taatagtttg 4740 cgcaacgttg ttgccattgc tacaggcatc gtggtgtcac gctcgtcgtt tggtatggct 4800 tcattcagct ccggttccca acgatcaagg cgagttacat gatcccccat gttgtgcaaa 4860 aaagcggtta gctccttcgg tcctccgatc gttgtcagaa gtaagttggc cgcagtgtta 4920 tcactcatgg ttatggcagc actgcataat tctcttactg tcatgccatc cgtaagatgc 4980 ttttctgtga ctggtgagta ctcaaccaag tcattctgag aatagtgtat gcggcgaccg 5040 agttgctctt gcccggcgtc aatacgggat aataccgcgc cacatagcag aactttaaaa 5100 gtgctcatca ttggaaaacg ttcttcgggg cgaaaactct caaggatctt accgctgttg 5160 agatccagtt cgatgtaacc cactcgtgca cccaactgat cttcagcatc ttttactttc 5220 accagcgttt ctgggtgagc aaaaacagga aggcaaaatg ccgcaaaaaa gggaataagg 5280 gcgacacgga aatgttgaat actcatactc ttcctttttc aatattattg aagcatttat 5340 cagggttatt gtctcatgag cggatacata tttgaatgta tttagaaaaa taaacaaata 5400 ggggttccgc gcacatttcc ccgaaaagtg ccacctgacg tctaagaaac cattattatc 5460 atgacattaa cctataaaaa taggcgtatc acgaggccct ttcgtctcgc gcgtttcggt 5520 gatgacggtg aaaacctctg acacatgcag ctcccggaga cggtcacagc ttgtctgtaa 5580 gcggatgccg ggagcagaca agcccgtcag ggcgcgtcag cgggtgttgg cgggtgtcgg 5640 ggctggctta actatgcggc atcagagcag attgtactga gagtgcacca tatgcggtgt 5700 gaaataccgc acagatgcgt aaggagaaaa taccgcatca ggaaattgta aacgttaata 5760 ttttgttaaa attcgcgtta aatttttgtt aaatcagctc attttttaac caataggccg 5820 aaatcggcaa aatcccttat aaatcaaaag aatagaccga gatagggttg agtgttgttc 5880 cagtttggaa caagagtcca ctattaaaga acgtggactc caacgtcaaa gggcgaaaaa 5940 ccgtctatca gggcgatggc ccactacgtg aaccatcacc ctaatcaagt tttttggggt 6000 cgaggtgccg taaagcacta aatcggaacc ctaaagggag cccccgattt agagcttgac 6060 ggggaaagcc ggcgaacgtg gcgagaaagg aagggaagaa agcgaaagga gcgggcgcta 6120 gggcgctggc aagtgtagcg gtcacgctgc gcgtaaccac cacacccgcc gcgcttaatg 6180 cgccgctaca gggcgcgtcg cgccattcgc cattcaggct acgcaactgt tgggaagggc 6240 gatcggtgcg ggcctcttcg ctattacgcc agctgcagtt ggccactccc tctctgcgcg 6300 ctcgctcgct cactgaggcc gggcgaccaa aggtcgcccg acgcccgggc tttgcccggg 6360 cggcctcagt gagcgagcga gcgcgcagag agggagtggc caactccatc actaggggtt 6420 cctagatctt caatattggc cattagccat attattcatt ggttatatag cataaatcaa 6480 tattggctat tggccattgc atacgttgta tctatatcat aatatgtaca tttatattgg 6540 ctcatgtcca atatgaccgc catgttggca ttgattattg actagttatt aatagtaatc 6600 aattacgggg tcattagttc atagcccata tatggagttc cgcgttacat aacttacggt 6660 aaatggcccg cctggctgac cgcccaacga cccccgccca ttgacgtcaa taatgacgta 6720 tgttcccata gtaacgccaa tagggacttt ccattgacgt caatgggtgg agtatttacg 6780 gtaaactgcc cacttggcag tacatcaagt gtatcatatg ccaagtccgc cccctattga 6840 cgtcaatgac ggtaaatggc ccgcctggca ttatgcccag tacatgacct tacgggactt 6900 tcctacttgg cagtacatct acgtattagt catcgctatt accatggtga tgcggttttg 6960 gcagtacacc aatgggcgtg gatagcggtt tgactcacgg ggatttccaa gtctccaccc 7020 cattgacgtc aatgggagtt tgttttggca ccaaaatcaa cgggactttc caaaatgtcg 7080 taataacccc gccccgttga cgcaaatggg cggtaggcgt gtacggtggg aggtctatat 7140 aagcagagct cgtttagtga accgtcagat cactagaagc tttattgcgg tagtttatca 7200 cagttaaatt gctaacgcag tcagtgcttc tgacacaaca gtctcgaact taagctgcag 7260 aagttggtcg tgaggcactg ggcaggtaag tatcaaggtt acaagacagg tttaaggaga 7320 ccaatagaaa ctgggcttgt cgagacagag aagactcttg cgtttctgat aggcacctat 7380 tggtcttact gacatccact ttgcctttct ctccacaggt gtccactccc agttcaatta 7440 cagctcttaa ggctagagta cttaatacga ctcactatag gctagcctcg ag 7492 6 6714 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial SequencePLASMID p43CB-AT 6 gggggggggg gggggggttg gccactccct ctctgcgcgc tcgctcgctc actgaggccg 60 ggcgaccaaa ggtcgcccga cgcccgggct ttgcccgggc ggcctcagtg agcgagcgag 120 cgcgcagaga gggagtggcc aactccatca ctaggggttc ctagatcttc aatattggcc 180 attagccata ttattcattg gttatatagc ataaatcaat attggctatt ggccattgca 240 tacgttgtat ctatatcata atatgtacat ttatattggc tcatgtccaa tatgaccgcc 300 atgttggcat tgattattga ctagttatta atagtaatca attacggggt cattagttca 360 tagcccatat atggagttcc gcgttacata acttacggta aatggcccgc ctggctgacc 420 gcccaacgac ccccgcccat tgacgtcaat aatgacgtat gttcccatag taacgccaat 480 agggactttc cattgacgtc aatgggtgga gtatttacgg taaactgccc acttggcagt 540 acatcaagtg tatcatatgc caagtccgcc ccctattgac gtcaatgacg gtaaatggcc 600 cgcctggcat tatgcccagt acatgacctt acgggacttt cctacttggc agtacatcta 660 cgtattagtc atcgctatta ccatggtcga ggtgagcccc acgttctgct tcactctccc 720 catctccccc ccctccccac ccccaatttt gtatttattt attttttaat tattttgtgc 780 agcgatgggg gcgggggggg ggggggggcg cgcgccaggc ggggcggggc ggggcgaggg 840 gcggggcggg gcgaggcgga gaggtgcggc ggcagccaat cagagcggcg cgctccgaaa 900 gtttcctttt atggcgaggc ggcggcggcg gcggccctat aaaaagcgaa gcgcgcggcg 960 ggcgggagtc gctgcgacgc tgccttcgcc ccgtgccccg ctccgccgcc gcctcgcgcc 1020 gcccgccccg gctctgactg accgcgttac tcccacaggt gagcgggcgg gacggccctt 1080 ctcctccggg ctgtaattag cgcttggttt aatgacggct tgtttctttt ctgtggctgc 1140 gtgaaagcct tgaggggctc cgggagggcc ctttgtgcgg gggggagcgg ctcggggggt 1200 gcgtgcgtgt gtgtgtgcgt ggggagcgcc gcgtgcggcc cgcgctgccc ggcggctgtg 1260 agcgctgcgg gcgcggcgcg gggctttgtg cgctccgcag tgtgcgcgag gggagcgcgg 1320 ccgggggcgg tgccccgcgg tgcggggggg gctgcgaggg gaacaaaggc tgcgtgcggg 1380 gtgtgtgcgt gggggggtga gcagggggtg tgggcgcggc ggtcgggctg taaccccccc 1440 ctgcaccccc ctccccgagt tgctgagcac ggcccggctt cgggtgcggg gctccgtacg 1500 gggcgtggcg cggggctcgc cgtgccgggc ggggggtggc ggcaggtggg ggtgccgggc 1560 ggggcggggc cgcctcgggc cggggagggc tcgggggagg ggcgcggcgg cccccggagc 1620 gccggcggct gtcgaggcgc ggcgagccgc agccattgcc ttttatggta atcgtgcgag 1680 agggcgcagg gacttccttt gtcccaaatc tgtgcggagc cgaaatctgg gaggcgccgc 1740 cgcaccccct ctagcgggcg cggggcgaag cggtgcggcg ccggcaggaa ggaaatgggc 1800 ggggagggcc ttcgtgcgtc gccgcgccgc cgtccccttc tccctctcca gcctcggggc 1860 tgtccgcggg gggacggctg ccttcggggg ggacggggca gggcggggtt cggcttctgg 1920 cgtgtgaccg gcggctctag agcctctgct aaccatgttc atgccttctt ctttttccta 1980 cagctcctgg gcaacgtgct ggttattgtg ctgtctcatc attttggcaa agaattcgat 2040 atcaagcttg gggattttca ggcaccacca ctgacctggg acagtgaatc gacaatgccg 2100 tcttctgtct cgtggggcat cctcctgctg gcaggcctgt gctgcctggt ccctgtctcc 2160 ctggctgagg atccccaggg agatgctgcc cagaagacag atacatccca ccatgatcag 2220 gatcacccaa ccttcaacaa gatcaccccc aacctggctg agttcgcctt cagcctatac 2280 cgccagctgg cacaccagtc caacagcacc aatatcttct tctccccagt gagcatcgct 2340 acagcctttg caatgctctc cctggggacc aaggctgaca ctcacgatga aatcctggag 2400 ggcctgaatt tcaacctcac ggagattccg gaggctcaga tccatgaagg cttccaggaa 2460 ctcctccgta ccctcaacca gccagacagc cagctccagc tgaccaccgg caatggcctg 2520 ttcctcagcg agggcctgaa gctagtggat aagtttttgg aggatgttaa aaagttgtac 2580 cactcagaag ccttcactgt caacttcggg gacaccgaag aggccaagaa acagatcaac 2640 gattacgtgg agaagggtac tcaagggaaa attgtggatt tggtcaagga gcttgacaga 2700 gacacagttt ttgctctggt gaattacatc ttctttaaag gcaaatggga gagacccttt 2760 gaagtcaagg acaccgagga agaggacttc cacgtggacc aggtgaccac cgtgaaggtg 2820 cctatgatga agcgtttagg catgtttaac atccagcact gtaagaagct gtccagctgg 2880 gtgctgctga tgaaatacct gggcaatgcc accgccatct tcttcctgcc tgatgagggg 2940 aaactacagc acctggaaaa tgaactcacc cacgatatca tcaccaagtt cctggaaaat 3000 gaagacagaa ggtctgccag cttacattta cccaaactgt ccattactgg aacctatgat 3060 ctgaagagcg tcctgggtca actgggcatc actaaggtct tcagcaatgg ggctgacctc 3120 tccggggtca cagaggaggc acccctgaag ctctccaagg ccgtgcataa ggctgtgctg 3180 accatcgacg agaaagggac tgaagctgct ggggccatgt ttttagaggc catacccatg 3240 tctatccccc ccgaggtcaa gttcaacaaa ccctttgtct tcttaatgat tgaacaaaat 3300 accaagtctc ccctcttcat gggaaaagtg gtgaatccca cccaaaaata actgcctctc 3360 gctcctcaac ccctcccctc catccctggc cccctccctg gatgacatta aagaagggtt 3420 gagctggtaa cccccccccc ccctgcaggg gccctcgacc cgggcggccg cttcgagcag 3480 acatgataag atacattgat gagtttggac aaaccacaac tagaatgcag tgaaaaaaat 3540 gctttatttg tgaaatttgt gatgctattg ctttatttgt aaccattata agctgcaata 3600 aacaagttaa caacaacaat tgcattcatt ttatgtttca ggttcagggg gagatgtggg 3660 aggtttttta aagcaagtaa aacctctaca aatgtggtaa aatcgataag gatctaggaa 3720 cccctagtga tggagttggc cactccctct ctgcgcgctc gctcgctcac tgaggccgcc 3780 cgggcaaagc ccgggcgtcg ggcgaccttt ggtcgcccgg cctcagtgag cgagcgagcg 3840 cgcagagagg gagtggccaa cccccccccc cccccccctg cagcctggcg taatagcgaa 3900 gaggcccgca ccgatcgccc ttcccaacag ttgcgtagcc tgaatggcga atggcgcgac 3960 gcgccctgta gcggcgcatt aagcgcggcg ggtgtggtgg ttacgcgcag cgtgaccgct 4020 acacttgcca gcgccctagc gcccgctcct ttcgctttct tcccttcctt tctcgccacg 4080 ttcgccggct ttccccgtca agctctaaat cgggggctcc ctttagggtt ccgatttagt 4140 gctttacggc acctcgaccc caaaaaactt gattagggtg atggttcacg tagtgggcca 4200 tcgccctgat agacggtttt tcgccctttg acgttggagt ccacgttctt taatagtgga 4260 ctcttgttcc aaactggaac aacactcaac cctatctcgg tctattcttt tgatttataa 4320 gggattttgc cgatttcggc ctattggtta aaaaatgagc tgatttaaca aaaatttaac 4380 gcgaatttta acaaaatatt aacgtttaca atttcctgat gcggtatttt ctccttacgc 4440 atctgtgcgg tatttcacac cgcatatggt gcactctcag tacaatctgc tctgatgccg 4500 catagttaag ccagccccga cacccgccaa cacccgctga cgcgccctga cgggcttgtc 4560 tgctcccggc atccgcttac agacaagctg tgaccgtctc cgggagctgc atgtgtcaga 4620 ggttttcacc gtcatcaccg aaacgcgcga gacgaaaggg cctcgtgata cgcctatttt 4680 tataggttaa tgtcatgata ataatggttt cttagacgtc aggtggcact tttcggggaa 4740 atgtgcgcgg aacccctatt tgtttatttt tctaaataca ttcaaatatg tatccgctca 4800 tgagacaata accctgataa atgcttcaat aatattgaaa aaggaagagt atgagtattc 4860 aacatttccg tgtcgccctt attccctttt ttgcggcatt ttgccttcct gtttttgctc 4920 acccagaaac gctggtgaaa gtaaaagatg ctgaagatca gttgggtgca cgagtgggtt 4980 acatcgaact ggatctcaac agcggtaaga tccttgagag ttttcgcccc gaagaacgtt 5040 ttccaatgat gagcactttt aaagttctgc tatgtggcgc ggtattatcc cgtattgacg 5100 ccgggcaaga gcaactcggt cgccgcatac actattctca gaatgacttg gttgagtact 5160 caccagtcac agaaaagcat cttacggatg gcatgacagt aagagaatta tgcagtgctg 5220 ccataaccat gagtgataac actgcggcca acttacttct gacaacgatc ggaggaccga 5280 aggagctaac cgcttttttg cacaacatgg gggatcatgt aactcgcctt gatcgttggg 5340 aaccggagct gaatgaagcc ataccaaacg acgagcgtga caccacgatg cctgtagcaa 5400 tggcaacaac gttgcgcaaa ctattaactg gcgaactact tactctagct tcccggcaac 5460 aattaataga ctggatggag gcggataaag ttgcaggacc acttctgcgc tcggcccttc 5520 cggctggctg gtttattgct gataaatctg gagccggtga gcgtgggtct cgcggtatca 5580 ttgcagcact ggggccagat ggtaagccct cccgtatcgt agttatctac acgacgggga 5640 gtcaggcaac tatggatgaa cgaaatagac agatcgctga gataggtgcc tcactgatta 5700 agcattggta actgtcagac caagtttact catatatact ttagattgat ttaaaacttc 5760 atttttaatt taaaaggatc taggtgaaga tcctttttga taatctcatg accaaaatcc 5820 cttaacgtga gttttcgttc cactgagcgt cagaccccgt agaaaagatc aaaggatctt 5880 cttgagatcc tttttttctg cgcgtaatct gctgcttgca aacaaaaaaa ccaccgctac 5940 cagcggtggt ttgtttgccg gatcaagagc taccaactct ttttccgaag gtaactggct 6000 tcagcagagc gcagatacca aatactgtcc ttctagtgta gccgtagtta ggccaccact 6060 tcaagaactc tgtagcaccg cctacatacc tcgctctgct aatcctgtta ccagtggctg 6120 ctgccagtgg cgataagtcg tgtcttaccg ggttggactc aagacgatag ttaccggata 6180 aggcgcagcg gtcgggctga acggggggtt cgtgcacaca gcccagcttg gagcgaacga 6240 cctacaccga actgagatac ctacagcgtg agcattgaga aagcgccacg cttcccgaag 6300 ggagaaaggc ggacaggtat ccggtaagcg gcagggtcgg aacaggagag cgcacgaggg 6360 agcttccagg gggaaacgcc tggtatcttt atagtcctgt cgggtttcgc cacctctgac 6420 ttgagcgtcg atttttgtga tgctcgtcag gggggcggag cctatggaaa aacgccagca 6480 acgcggcctt tttacggttc ctggcctttt gctggccttt tgctcacatg ttctttcctg 6540 cgttatcccc tgattctgtg gataaccgta ttaccgcctt tgagtgagct gataccgctc 6600 gccgcagccg aacgaccgag cgcagcgagt cagtgagcga ggaagcggaa gagcgcccaa 6660 tacgcaaacc gcctctcccc gcgcgttggc cgattcatta atgcagggct gcag 6714 7 6981 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial SequencePLASMID C-AT2 7 ctagaactag tggatccccc gggctgcagg aattcgatat caagcttggg gattttcagg 60 caccaccact gacctgggac agtgaatcga caatgccgtc ttctgtctcg tggggcatcc 120 tcctgctggc aggcctgtgc tgcctggtcc ctgtctccct ggctgaggat ccccagggag 180 atgctgccca gaagacagat acatcccacc atgatcagga tcacccaacc ttcaacaaga 240 tcacccccaa cctggctgag ttcgccttca gcctataccg ccagctggca caccagtcca 300 acagcaccaa tatcttcttc tccccagtga gcatcgctac agcctttgca atgctctccc 360 tggggaccaa ggctgacact cacgatgaaa tcctggaggg cctgaatttc aacctcacgg 420 agattccgga ggctcagatc catgaaggct tccaggaact cctccgtacc ctcaaccagc 480 cagacagcca gctccagctg accaccggca atggcctgtt cctcagcgag ggcctgaagc 540 tagtggataa gtttttggag gatgttaaaa agttgtacca ctcagaagcc ttcactgtca 600 acttcgggga caccgaagag gccaagaaac agatcaacga ttacgtggag aagggtactc 660 aagggaaaat tgtggatttg gtcaaggagc ttgacagaga cacagttttt gctctggtga 720 attacatctt ctttaaaggc aaatgggaga gaccctttga agtcaaggac accgaggaag 780 aggacttcca cgtggaccag gtgaccaccg tgaaggtgcc tatgatgaag cgtttaggca 840 tgtttaacat ccagcactgt aagaagctgt ccagctgggt gctgctgatg aaatacctgg 900 gcaatgccac cgccatcttc ttcctgcctg atgaggggaa actacagcac ctggaaaatg 960 aactcaccca cgatatcatc accaagttcc tggaaaatga agacagaagg tctgccagct 1020 tacatttacc caaactgtcc attactggaa cctatgatct gaagagcgtc ctgggtcaac 1080 tgggcatcac taaggtcttc agcaatgggg ctgacctctc cggggtcaca gaggaggcac 1140 ccctgaagct ctccaaggcc gtgcataagg ctgtgctgac catcgacgag aaagggactg 1200 aagctgctgg ggccatgttt ttagaggcca tacccatgtc tatccccccc gaggtcaagt 1260 tcaacaaacc ctttgtcttc ttaatgattg aacaaaatac caagtctccc ctcttcatgg 1320 gaaaagtggt gaatcccacc caaaaataac tgcctctcgc tcctcaaccc ctcccctcca 1380 tccctggccc cctccctgga tgacattaaa gaagggttga gctggtaacc cccccccccc 1440 ctgcaggggc cctcgaggcc gcggggatcc agacatgata agatacattg atgagtttgg 1500 acaaaccaca actagaatgc agtgaaaaaa atgctttatt tgtgaaattt gtgatgctat 1560 tgctttattt gtaaccatta taagctgcaa taaacaagtt aacaacaaca attgcattca 1620 ttttatgttt caggttcagg gggaggtgtg ggaggttttt tagtcgacct cgagcagtgt 1680 ggttttgcaa gaggaagcaa aaagcctctc cacccaggcc tggaatgttt ccacccaagt 1740 cgaaggcagt gtggttttgc aagaggaagc aaaaagcctc tccacccagg cctggaatgt 1800 ttccacccaa tgtcgagcaa ccccgcccag cgtcttgtca ttggcgaatt cgaacacgca 1860 gatgcagtcg gggcggcgcg gtcccaggtc cacttcgcat attaaggtga cgcgtgtggc 1920 ctcgaacacc gagcgaccct gcagccaata tgggatcggc cattgaacaa gatggattgc 1980 acgcaggttc tccggccgct tgggtggaga ggctattcgg ctatgactgg gcacaacaga 2040 caatcggctg ctctgatgcc gccgtgttcc ggctgtcagc gcaggggcgc ccggttcttt 2100 ttgtcaagac cgacctgtcc ggtgccctga atgaactgca ggacgaggca gcgcggctat 2160 cgtggctggc cacgacgggc gttccttgcg cagctgtgct cgacgttgtc actgaagcgg 2220 gaagggactg gctgctattg ggcgaagtgc cggggcagga tctcctgtca tctcaccttg 2280 ctcctgccga gaaagtatcc atcatggctg atgcaatgcg gcggctgcat acgcttgatc 2340 cggctacctg cccattcgac caccaagcga aacatcgcat cgagcgagca cgtactcgga 2400 tggaagccgg tcttgtcgat caggatgatc tggacgaaga gcatcagggg ctcgcgccag 2460 ccgaactgtt cgccaggctc aaggcgcgca tgcccgacgg cgaggatctc gtcgtgaccc 2520 atggcgatgc ctgcttgccg aatatcatgg tggaaaatgg ccgcttttct ggattcatcg 2580 actgtggccg gctgggtgtg gcggaccgct atcaggacat agcgttggct acccgtgata 2640 ttgctgaaga gcttggcggc gaatgggctg accgcttcct cgtgctttac ggtatcgccg 2700 ctcccgattc gcagcgcatc gccttctatc gccttcttga cgagttcttc tgaggggatc 2760 cgtcgactag agctcgctga tcagcctcga ctgtgccttc tagttgccag ccatctgttg 2820 tttgcccctc ccccgtgcct tccttgaccc tggaaggtgc cactcccact gtcctttcct 2880 aataaaatga ggaaattgca tcgcattgtc tgagtaggtg tcattctatt ctggggggtg 2940 gggtggggca ggacagcaag ggggaggatt gggaagacaa tagcaggcat gctggggaga 3000 gatctaggaa cccctagtga tggagttggc cactccctct ctgcgcgctc gctcgctcac 3060 tgaggccgcc cgggcaaagc ccgggcgtcg ggcgaccttt ggtcgcccgg cctcagtgag 3120 cgagcgagcg cgcagagagg gagtggccaa cccccccccc cccccccctg cagccctgca 3180 ttaatgaatc ggccaacgcg cggggagagg cggtttgcgt attgggcgct cttccgcttc 3240 ctcgctcact gactcgctgc gctcggtcgt tcggctgcgg cgagcggtat cagctcactc 3300 aaaggcggta atacggttat ccacagaatc aggggataac gcaggaaaga acatgtgagc 3360 aaaaggccag caaaaggcca ggaaccgtaa aaaggccgcg ttgctggcgt ttttccatag 3420 gctccgcccc cctgacgagc atcacaaaaa tcgacgctca agtcagaggt ggcgaaaccc 3480 gacaggacta taaagatacc aggcgtttcc ccctggaagc tccctcgtgc gctctcctgt 3540 tccgaccctg ccgcttaccg gatacctgtc cgcctttctc ccttcgggaa gcgtggcgct 3600 ttctcaatgc tcacgctgta ggtatctcag ttcggtgtag gtcgttcgct ccaagctggg 3660 ctgtgtgcac gaaccccccg ttcagcccga ccgctgcgcc ttatccggta actatcgtct 3720 tgagtccaac ccggtaagac acgacttatc gccactggca gcagccactg gtaacaggat 3780 tagcagagcg aggtatgtag gcggtgctac agagttcttg aagtggtggc ctaactacgg 3840 ctacactaga aggacagtat ttggtatctg cgctctgctg aagccagtta ccttcggaaa 3900 aagagttggt agctcttgat ccggcaaaca aaccaccgct ggtagcggtg gtttttttgt 3960 ttgcaagcag cagattacgc gcagaaaaaa aggatctcaa gaagatcctt tgatcttttc 4020 tacggggtct gacgctcagt ggaacgaaaa ctcacgttaa gggattttgg tcatgagatt 4080 atcaaaaagg atcttcacct agatcctttt aaattaaaaa tgaagtttta aatcaatcta 4140 aagtatatat gagtaaactt ggtctgacag ttaccaatgc ttaatcagtg aggcacctat 4200 ctcagcgatc tgtctatttc gttcatccat agttgcctga ctccccgtcg tgtagataac 4260 tacgatacgg gagggcttac catctggccc cagtgctgca atgataccgc gagacccacg 4320 ctcaccggct ccagatttat cagcaataaa ccagccagcc ggaagggccg agcgcagaag 4380 tggtcctgca actttatccg cctccatcca gtctattaat tgttgccggg aagctagagt 4440 aagtagttcg ccagttaata gtttgcgcaa cgttgttgcc attgctacag gcatcgtggt 4500 gtcacgctcg tcgtttggta tggcttcatt cagctccggt tcccaacgat caaggcgagt 4560 tacatgatcc cccatgttgt gcaaaaaagc ggttagctcc ttcggtcctc cgatcgttgt 4620 cagaagtaag ttggccgcag tgttatcact catggttatg gcagcactgc ataattctct 4680 tactgtcatg ccatccgtaa gatgcttttc tgtgactggt gagtactcaa ccaagtcatt 4740 ctgagaatag tgtatgcggc gaccgagttg ctcttgcccg gcgtcaatac gggataatac 4800 cgcgccacat agcagaactt taaaagtgct catcattgga aaacgttctt cggggcgaaa 4860 actctcaagg atcttaccgc tgttgagatc cagttcgatg taacccactc gtgcacccaa 4920 ctgatcttca gcatctttta ctttcaccag cgtttctggg tgagcaaaaa caggaaggca 4980 aaatgccgca aaaaagggaa taagggcgac acggaaatgt tgaatactca tactcttcct 5040 ttttcaatat tattgaagca tttatcaggg ttattgtctc atgagcggat acatatttga 5100 atgtatttag aaaaataaac aaataggggt tccgcgcaca tttccccgaa aagtgccacc 5160 tgacgtctaa gaaaccatta ttatcatgac attaacctat aaaaataggc gtatcacgag 5220 gccctttcgt ctcgcgcgtt tcggtgatga cggtgaaaac ctctgacaca tgcagctccc 5280 ggagacggtc acagcttgtc tgtaagcgga tgccgggagc agacaagccc gtcagggcgc 5340 gtcagcgggt gttggcgggt gtcggggctg gcttaactat gcggcatcag agcagattgt 5400 actgagagtg caccatatgc ggtgtgaaat accgcacaga tgcgtaagga gaaaataccg 5460 catcaggaaa ttgtaaacgt taatattttg ttaaaattcg cgttaaattt ttgttaaatc 5520 agctcatttt ttaaccaata ggccgaaatc ggcaaaatcc cttataaatc aaaagaatag 5580 accgagatag ggttgagtgt tgttccagtt tggaacaaga gtccactatt aaagaacgtg 5640 gactccaacg tcaaagggcg aaaaaccgtc tatcagggcg atggcccact acgtgaacca 5700 tcaccctaat caagtttttt ggggtcgagg tgccgtaaag cactaaatcg gaaccctaaa 5760 gggagccccc gatttagagc ttgacgggga aagccggcga acgtggcgag aaaggaaggg 5820 aagaaagcga aaggagcggg cgctagggcg ctggcaagtg tagcggtcac gctgcgcgta 5880 accaccacac ccgccgcgct taatgcgccg ctacagggcg cgtcgcgcca ttcgccattc 5940 aggctacgca actgttggga agggcgatcg gtgcgggcct cttcgctatt acgccaggct 6000 gcaggggggg gggggggggg gttggccact ccctctctgc gcgctcgctc gctcactgag 6060 gccgggcgac caaaggtcgc ccgacgcccg ggctttgccc gggcggcctc agtgagcgag 6120 cgagcgcgca gagagggagt ggccaactcc atcactaggg gttcctagat ctgaattcgg 6180 tacccgttac ataacttacg gtaaatggcc cgcctggctg accgcccaac gacccccgcc 6240 cattgacgtc aataatgacg tatgttccca tagtaacgcc aatagggact ttccattgac 6300 gtcaatgggt ggagtattta cggtaaactg cccacttggc agtacatcaa gtgtatcata 6360 tgccaagtac gccccctatt gacgtcaatg acggtaaatg gcccgcctgg cattatgccc 6420 agtacatgac cttatgggac tttcctactt ggcagtacat ctacgtatta gtcatcgcta 6480 ttaccatggt gatgcggttt tggcagtaca tcaatgggcg tggatagcgg tttgactcac 6540 ggggatttcc aagtctccac cccattgacg tcaatgggag tttgttttgg caccaaaatc 6600 aacgggactt tccaaaatgt cgtaacaact ccgccccatt gacgcaaatg ggcggtaggc 6660 gtgtacggtg ggaggtctat ataagcagag ctcgtttagt gaaccgtcag atcgcctgga 6720 gacgccatcc acgctgtttt gacctccata gaagacaccg ggaccgatcc agcctccgga 6780 ctctagagga tccggtactc gaggaactga aaaaccagaa agttaactgg taagtttagt 6840 ctttttgtct tttatttcag gtcccggatc cggtggtggt gcaaatcaaa gaactgctcc 6900 tcagtggatg ttgcctttac ttctaggcct gtacggaagt gttacttctg ctctaaaagc 6960 tgcggaattg tacccgcggc c 6981 8 6142 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial SequencePLASMID p43msENC-AT 8 gggggggggg gggggggttg gccactccct ctctgcgcgc tcgctcgctc actgaggccg 60 ggcgaccaaa ggtcgcccga cgcccgggct ttgcccgggc ggcctcagtg agcgagcgag 120 cgcgcagaga gggagtggcc aactccatca ctaggggttc ctagatctca ccattcctca 180 cgacacccaa atatggcgac gggtgaggaa tggtggggag ttatttttag agcggtgagg 240 aatggtgggc aggcagcagg tgttggcgct ctaaaaataa ctcccgggag ttatttttag 300 agcggtgagg aatggtggac acccaaatat ggcgacggca ccattcctca ccccaggcca 360 tatttgggtg tcagatcttc aatattggcc attagccata ttattcattg gttatatagc 420 ataaatcaat attggctatt ggccattgca tacgttgtat ctatatcata atatgtacat 480 ttatattggc tcatgtccaa tatgaccgcc atgttggcat tgattattga ctagttatta 540 atagtaatca attacggggt cattagttca tagcccatat atggagttcc gcgttacata 600 acttacggta aatggcccgc ctggctgacc gcccaacgac ccccgcccat tgacgtcaat 660 aatgacgtat gttcccatag taacgccaat agggactttc cattgacgtc aatgggtgga 720 gtatttacgg taaactgccc acttggcagt acatcaagtg tatcatatgc caagtccgcc 780 ccctattgac gtcaatgacg gtaaatggcc cgcctggcat tatgcccagt acatgacctt 840 acgggacttt cctacttggc agtacatcta cgtattagtc atcgctatta ccatggtgat 900 gcggttttgg cagtacacca atgggcgtgg atagcggttt gactcacggg gatttccaag 960 tctccacccc attgacgtca atgggagttt gttttggcac caaaatcaac gggactttcc 1020 aaaatgtcgt aataaccccg ccccgttgac gcaaatgggc ggtaggcgtg tacggtggga 1080 ggtctatata agcagagctc gtttagtgaa ccgtcagatc actagaagct ttattgcggt 1140 agtttatcac agttaaattg ctaacgcagt cagtgcttct gacacaacag tctcgaactt 1200 aagctgcaga agttggtcgt gaggcactgg gcaggtaagt atcaaggtta caagacaggt 1260 ttaaggagac caatagaaac tgggcttgtc gagacagaga agactcttgc gtttctgata 1320 ggcacctatt ggtcttactg acatccactt tgcctttctc tccacaggtg tccactccca 1380 gttcaattac agctcttaag gctagagtac ttaatacgac tcactatagg ctagaactag 1440 tggatccccc gggctgcagg aattcgatat caagcttggg gattttcagg caccaccact 1500 gacctgggac agtgaatcga caatgccgtc ttctgtctcg tggggcatcc tcctgctggc 1560 aggcctgtgc tgcctggtcc ctgtctccct ggctgaggat ccccagggag atgctgccca 1620 gaagacagat acatcccacc atgatcagga tcacccaacc ttcaacaaga tcacccccaa 1680 cctggctgag ttcgccttca gcctataccg ccagctggca caccagtcca acagcaccaa 1740 tatcttcttc tccccagtga gcatcgctac agcctttgca atgctctccc tggggaccaa 1800 ggctgacact cacgatgaaa tcctggaggg cctgaatttc aacctcacgg agattccgga 1860 ggctcagatc catgaaggct tccaggaact cctccgtacc ctcaaccagc cagacagcca 1920 gctccagctg accaccggca atggcctgtt cctcagcgag ggcctgaagc tagtggataa 1980 gtttttggag gatgttaaaa agttgtacca ctcagaagcc ttcactgtca acttcgggga 2040 caccgaagag gccaagaaac agatcaacga ttacgtggag aagggtactc aagggaaaat 2100 tgtggatttg gtcaaggagc ttgacagaga cacagttttt gctctggtga attacatctt 2160 ctttaaaggc aaatgggaga gaccctttga agtcaaggac accgaggaag aggacttcca 2220 cgtggaccag gtgaccaccg tgaaggtgcc tatgatgaag cgtttaggca tgtttaacat 2280 ccagcactgt aagaagctgt ccagctgggt gctgctgatg aaatacctgg gcaatgccac 2340 cgccatcttc ttcctgcctg atgaggggaa actacagcac ctggaaaatg aactcaccca 2400 cgatatcatc accaagttcc tggaaaatga agacagaagg tctgccagct tacatttacc 2460 caaactgtcc attactggaa cctatgatct gaagagcgtc ctgggtcaac tgggcatcac 2520 taaggtcttc agcaatgggg ctgacctctc cggggtcaca gaggaggcac ccctgaagct 2580 ctccaaggcc gtgcataagg ctgtgctgac catcgacgag aaagggactg aagctgctgg 2640 ggccatgttt ttagaggcca tacccatgtc tatccccccc gaggtcaagt tcaacaaacc 2700 ctttgtcttc ttaatgattg aacaaaatac caagtctccc ctcttcatgg gaaaagtggt 2760 gaatcccacc caaaaataac tgcctctcgc tcctcaaccc ctcccctcca tccctggccc 2820 cctccctgga tgacattaaa gaagggttga gctggtaacc cccccccccc ctgcaggggc 2880 cctcgacccg ggcggccgct tcgagcagac atgataagat acattgatga gtttggacaa 2940 accacaacta gaatgcagtg aaaaaaatgc tttatttgtg aaatttgtga tgctattgct 3000 ttatttgtaa ccattataag ctgcaataaa caagttaaca acaacaattg cattcatttt 3060 atgtttcagg ttcaggggga gatgtgggag gttttttaaa gcaagtaaaa cctctacaaa 3120 tgtggtaaaa tcgataagga tctaggaacc cctagtgatg gagttggcca ctccctctct 3180 gcgcgctcgc tcgctcactg aggccgcccg ggcaaagccc gggcgtcggg cgacctttgg 3240 tcgcccggcc tcagtgagcg agcgagcgcg cagagaggga gtggccaacc cccccccccc 3300 cccccctgca gcctggcgta atagcgaaga ggcccgcacc gatcgccctt cccaacagtt 3360 gcgtagcctg aatggcgaat ggcgcgacgc gccctgtagc ggcgcattaa gcgcggcggg 3420 tgtggtggtt acgcgcagcg tgaccgctac acttgccagc gccctagcgc ccgctccttt 3480 cgctttcttc ccttcctttc tcgccacgtt cgccggcttt ccccgtcaag ctctaaatcg 3540 ggggctccct ttagggttcc gatttagtgc tttacggcac ctcgacccca aaaaacttga 3600 ttagggtgat ggttcacgta gtgggccatc gccctgatag acggtttttc gccctttgac 3660 gttggagtcc acgttcttta atagtggact cttgttccaa actggaacaa cactcaaccc 3720 tatctcggtc tattcttttg atttataagg gattttgccg atttcggcct attggttaaa 3780 aaatgagctg atttaacaaa aatttaacgc gaattttaac aaaatattaa cgtttacaat 3840 ttcctgatgc ggtattttct ccttacgcat ctgtgcggta tttcacaccg catatggtgc 3900 actctcagta caatctgctc tgatgccgca tagttaagcc agccccgaca cccgccaaca 3960 cccgctgacg cgccctgacg ggcttgtctg ctcccggcat ccgcttacag acaagctgtg 4020 accgtctccg ggagctgcat gtgtcagagg ttttcaccgt catcaccgaa acgcgcgaga 4080 cgaaagggcc tcgtgatacg cctattttta taggttaatg tcatgataat aatggtttct 4140 tagacgtcag gtggcacttt tcggggaaat gtgcgcggaa cccctatttg tttatttttc 4200 taaatacatt caaatatgta tccgctcatg agacaataac cctgataaat gcttcaataa 4260 tattgaaaaa ggaagagtat gagtattcaa catttccgtg tcgcccttat tccctttttt 4320 gcggcatttt gccttcctgt ttttgctcac ccagaaacgc tggtgaaagt aaaagatgct 4380 gaagatcagt tgggtgcacg agtgggttac atcgaactgg atctcaacag cggtaagatc 4440 cttgagagtt ttcgccccga agaacgtttt ccaatgatga gcacttttaa agttctgcta 4500 tgtggcgcgg tattatcccg tattgacgcc gggcaagagc aactcggtcg ccgcatacac 4560 tattctcaga atgacttggt tgagtactca ccagtcacag aaaagcatct tacggatggc 4620 atgacagtaa gagaattatg cagtgctgcc ataaccatga gtgataacac tgcggccaac 4680 ttacttctga caacgatcgg aggaccgaag gagctaaccg cttttttgca caacatgggg 4740 gatcatgtaa ctcgccttga tcgttgggaa ccggagctga atgaagccat accaaacgac 4800 gagcgtgaca ccacgatgcc tgtagcaatg gcaacaacgt tgcgcaaact attaactggc 4860 gaactactta ctctagcttc ccggcaacaa ttaatagact ggatggaggc ggataaagtt 4920 gcaggaccac ttctgcgctc ggcccttccg gctggctggt ttattgctga taaatctgga 4980 gccggtgagc gtgggtctcg cggtatcatt gcagcactgg ggccagatgg taagccctcc 5040 cgtatcgtag ttatctacac gacggggagt caggcaacta tggatgaacg aaatagacag 5100 atcgctgaga taggtgcctc actgattaag cattggtaac tgtcagacca agtttactca 5160 tatatacttt agattgattt aaaacttcat ttttaattta aaaggatcta ggtgaagatc 5220 ctttttgata atctcatgac caaaatccct taacgtgagt tttcgttcca ctgagcgtca 5280 gaccccgtag aaaagatcaa aggatcttct tgagatcctt tttttctgcg cgtaatctgc 5340 tgcttgcaaa caaaaaaacc accgctacca gcggtggttt gtttgccgga tcaagagcta 5400 ccaactcttt ttccgaaggt aactggcttc agcagagcgc agataccaaa tactgtcctt 5460 ctagtgtagc cgtagttagg ccaccacttc aagaactctg tagcaccgcc tacatacctc 5520 gctctgctaa tcctgttacc agtggctgct gccagtggcg ataagtcgtg tcttaccggg 5580 ttggactcaa gacgatagtt accggataag gcgcagcggt cgggctgaac ggggggttcg 5640 tgcacacagc ccagcttgga gcgaacgacc tacaccgaac tgagatacct acagcgtgag 5700 cattgagaaa gcgccacgct tcccgaaggg agaaaggcgg acaggtatcc ggtaagcggc 5760 agggtcggaa caggagagcg cacgagggag cttccagggg gaaacgcctg gtatctttat 5820 agtcctgtcg ggtttcgcca cctctgactt gagcgtcgat ttttgtgatg ctcgtcaggg 5880 gggcggagcc tatggaaaaa cgccagcaac gcggcctttt tacggttcct ggccttttgc 5940 tggccttttg ctcacatgtt ctttcctgcg ttatcccctg attctgtgga taaccgtatt 6000 accgcctttg agtgagctga taccgctcgc cgcagccgaa cgaccgagcg cagcgagtca 6060 gtgagcgagg aagcggaaga gcgcccaata cgcaaaccgc ctctccccgc gcgttggccg 6120 attcattaat gcagggctgc ag 6142 9 6924 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial SequencePLASMID p43rmsENC-AT 9 gggggggggg gggggggttg gccactccct ctctgcgcgc tcgctcgctc actgaggccg 60 ggcgaccaaa ggtcgcccga cgcccgggct ttgcccgggc ggcctcagtg agcgagcgag 120 cgcgcagaga gggagtggcc aactccatca ctaggggttc ctagatctga cacccaaata 180 tggcctgggg tgaggaatgg tgccgtcgcc atatttgggt gtccaccatt cctcaccgct 240 ctaaaaataa ctcccgggag ttatttttag agcgccaaca cctgctgcct gcccaccatt 300 cctcaccgct ctaaaaataa ctccccacca ttcctcaccc gtcgccatat ttgggtgtcg 360 tgaggaatgg tgagatcttc aatattggcc attagccata ttattcattg gttatatagc 420 ataaatcaat attggctatt ggccattgca tacgttgtat ctatatcata atatgtacat 480 ttatattggc tcatgtccaa tatgaccgcc atgttggcat tgattattga ctagttatta 540 atagtaatca attacggggt cattagttca tagcccatat atggagttcc gcgttacata 600 acttacggta aatggcccgc ctggctgacc gcccaacgac ccccgcccat tgacgtcaat 660 aatgacgtat gttcccatag taacgccaat agggactttc cattgacgtc aatgggtgga 720 gtatttacgg taaactgccc acttggcagt acatcaagtg tatcatatgc caagtccgcc 780 ccctattgac gtcaatgacg gtaaatggcc cgcctggcat tatgcccagt acatgacctt 840 acgggacttt cctacttggc agtacatcta cgtattagtc atcgctatta ccatggtcga 900 ggtgagcccc acgttctgct tcactctccc catctccccc ccctccccac ccccaatttt 960 gtatttattt attttttaat tattttgtgc agcgatgggg gcgggggggg ggggggggcg 1020 cgcgccaggc ggggcggggc ggggcgaggg gcggggcggg gcgaggcgga gaggtgcggc 1080 ggcagccaat cagagcggcg cgctccgaaa gtttcctttt atggcgaggc ggcggcggcg 1140 gcggccctat aaaaagcgaa gcgcgcggcg ggcgggagtc gctgcgacgc tgccttcgcc 1200 ccgtgccccg ctccgccgcc gcctcgcgcc gcccgccccg gctctgactg accgcgttac 1260 tcccacaggt gagcgggcgg gacggccctt ctcctccggg ctgtaattag cgcttggttt 1320 aatgacggct tgtttctttt ctgtggctgc gtgaaagcct tgaggggctc cgggagggcc 1380 ctttgtgcgg gggggagcgg ctcggggggt gcgtgcgtgt gtgtgtgcgt ggggagcgcc 1440 gcgtgcggcc cgcgctgccc ggcggctgtg agcgctgcgg gcgcggcgcg gggctttgtg 1500 cgctccgcag tgtgcgcgag gggagcgcgg ccgggggcgg tgccccgcgg tgcggggggg 1560 gctgcgaggg gaacaaaggc tgcgtgcggg gtgtgtgcgt gggggggtga gcagggggtg 1620 tgggcgcggc ggtcgggctg taaccccccc ctgcaccccc ctccccgagt tgctgagcac 1680 ggcccggctt cgggtgcggg gctccgtacg gggcgtggcg cggggctcgc cgtgccgggc 1740 ggggggtggc ggcaggtggg ggtgccgggc ggggcggggc cgcctcgggc cggggagggc 1800 tcgggggagg ggcgcggcgg cccccggagc gccggcggct gtcgaggcgc ggcgagccgc 1860 agccattgcc ttttatggta atcgtgcgag agggcgcagg gacttccttt gtcccaaatc 1920 tgtgcggagc cgaaatctgg gaggcgccgc cgcaccccct ctagcgggcg cggggcgaag 1980 cggtgcggcg ccggcaggaa ggaaatgggc ggggagggcc ttcgtgcgtc gccgcgccgc 2040 cgtccccttc tccctctcca gcctcggggc tgtccgcggg gggacggctg ccttcggggg 2100 ggacggggca gggcggggtt cggcttctgg cgtgtgaccg gcggctctag agcctctgct 2160 aaccatgttc atgccttctt ctttttccta cagctcctgg gcaacgtgct ggttattgtg 2220 ctgtctcatc attttggcaa agaattcgat atcaagcttg gggattttca ggcaccacca 2280 ctgacctggg acagtgaatc gacaatgccg tcttctgtct cgtggggcat cctcctgctg 2340 gcaggcctgt gctgcctggt ccctgtctcc ctggctgagg atccccaggg agatgctgcc 2400 cagaagacag atacatccca ccatgatcag gatcacccaa ccttcaacaa gatcaccccc 2460 aacctggctg agttcgcctt cagcctatac cgccagctgg cacaccagtc caacagcacc 2520 aatatcttct tctccccagt gagcatcgct acagcctttg caatgctctc cctggggacc 2580 aaggctgaca ctcacgatga aatcctggag ggcctgaatt tcaacctcac ggagattccg 2640 gaggctcaga tccatgaagg cttccaggaa ctcctccgta ccctcaacca gccagacagc 2700 cagctccagc tgaccaccgg caatggcctg ttcctcagcg agggcctgaa gctagtggat 2760 aagtttttgg aggatgttaa aaagttgtac cactcagaag ccttcactgt caacttcggg 2820 gacaccgaag aggccaagaa acagatcaac gattacgtgg agaagggtac tcaagggaaa 2880 attgtggatt tggtcaagga gcttgacaga gacacagttt ttgctctggt gaattacatc 2940 ttctttaaag gcaaatggga gagacccttt gaagtcaagg acaccgagga agaggacttc 3000 cacgtggacc aggtgaccac cgtgaaggtg cctatgatga agcgtttagg catgtttaac 3060 atccagcact gtaagaagct gtccagctgg gtgctgctga tgaaatacct gggcaatgcc 3120 accgccatct tcttcctgcc tgatgagggg aaactacagc acctggaaaa tgaactcacc 3180 cacgatatca tcaccaagtt cctggaaaat gaagacagaa ggtctgccag cttacattta 3240 cccaaactgt ccattactgg aacctatgat ctgaagagcg tcctgggtca actgggcatc 3300 actaaggtct tcagcaatgg ggctgacctc tccggggtca cagaggaggc acccctgaag 3360 ctctccaagg ccgtgcataa ggctgtgctg accatcgacg agaaagggac tgaagctgct 3420 ggggccatgt ttttagaggc catacccatg tctatccccc ccgaggtcaa gttcaacaaa 3480 ccctttgtct tcttaatgat tgaacaaaat accaagtctc ccctcttcat gggaaaagtg 3540 gtgaatccca cccaaaaata actgcctctc gctcctcaac ccctcccctc catccctggc 3600 cccctccctg gatgacatta aagaagggtt gagctggtaa cccccccccc ccctgcaggg 3660 gccctcgacc cgggcggccg cttcgagcag acatgataag atacattgat gagtttggac 3720 aaaccacaac tagaatgcag tgaaaaaaat gctttatttg tgaaatttgt gatgctattg 3780 ctttatttgt aaccattata agctgcaata aacaagttaa caacaacaat tgcattcatt 3840 ttatgtttca ggttcagggg gagatgtggg aggtttttta aagcaagtaa aacctctaca 3900 aatgtggtaa aatcgataag gatctaggaa cccctagtga tggagttggc cactccctct 3960 ctgcgcgctc gctcgctcac tgaggccgcc cgggcaaagc ccgggcgtcg ggcgaccttt 4020 ggtcgcccgg cctcagtgag cgagcgagcg cgcagagagg gagtggccaa cccccccccc 4080 cccccccctg cagcctggcg taatagcgaa gaggcccgca ccgatcgccc ttcccaacag 4140 ttgcgtagcc tgaatggcga atggcgcgac gcgccctgta gcggcgcatt aagcgcggcg 4200 ggtgtggtgg ttacgcgcag cgtgaccgct acacttgcca gcgccctagc gcccgctcct 4260 ttcgctttct tcccttcctt tctcgccacg ttcgccggct ttccccgtca agctctaaat 4320 cgggggctcc ctttagggtt ccgatttagt gctttacggc acctcgaccc caaaaaactt 4380 gattagggtg atggttcacg tagtgggcca tcgccctgat agacggtttt tcgccctttg 4440 acgttggagt ccacgttctt taatagtgga ctcttgttcc aaactggaac aacactcaac 4500 cctatctcgg tctattcttt tgatttataa gggattttgc cgatttcggc ctattggtta 4560 aaaaatgagc tgatttaaca aaaatttaac gcgaatttta acaaaatatt aacgtttaca 4620 atttcctgat gcggtatttt ctccttacgc atctgtgcgg tatttcacac cgcatatggt 4680 gcactctcag tacaatctgc tctgatgccg catagttaag ccagccccga cacccgccaa 4740 cacccgctga cgcgccctga cgggcttgtc tgctcccggc atccgcttac agacaagctg 4800 tgaccgtctc cgggagctgc atgtgtcaga ggttttcacc gtcatcaccg aaacgcgcga 4860 gacgaaaggg cctcgtgata cgcctatttt tataggttaa tgtcatgata ataatggttt 4920 cttagacgtc aggtggcact tttcggggaa atgtgcgcgg aacccctatt tgtttatttt 4980 tctaaataca ttcaaatatg tatccgctca tgagacaata accctgataa atgcttcaat 5040 aatattgaaa aaggaagagt atgagtattc aacatttccg tgtcgccctt attccctttt 5100 ttgcggcatt ttgccttcct gtttttgctc acccagaaac gctggtgaaa gtaaaagatg 5160 ctgaagatca gttgggtgca cgagtgggtt acatcgaact ggatctcaac agcggtaaga 5220 tccttgagag ttttcgcccc gaagaacgtt ttccaatgat gagcactttt aaagttctgc 5280 tatgtggcgc ggtattatcc cgtattgacg ccgggcaaga gcaactcggt cgccgcatac 5340 actattctca gaatgacttg gttgagtact caccagtcac agaaaagcat cttacggatg 5400 gcatgacagt aagagaatta tgcagtgctg ccataaccat gagtgataac actgcggcca 5460 acttacttct gacaacgatc ggaggaccga aggagctaac cgcttttttg cacaacatgg 5520 gggatcatgt aactcgcctt gatcgttggg aaccggagct gaatgaagcc ataccaaacg 5580 acgagcgtga caccacgatg cctgtagcaa tggcaacaac gttgcgcaaa ctattaactg 5640 gcgaactact tactctagct tcccggcaac aattaataga ctggatggag gcggataaag 5700 ttgcaggacc acttctgcgc tcggcccttc cggctggctg gtttattgct gataaatctg 5760 gagccggtga gcgtgggtct cgcggtatca ttgcagcact ggggccagat ggtaagccct 5820 cccgtatcgt agttatctac acgacgggga gtcaggcaac tatggatgaa cgaaatagac 5880 agatcgctga gataggtgcc tcactgatta agcattggta actgtcagac caagtttact 5940 catatatact ttagattgat ttaaaacttc atttttaatt taaaaggatc taggtgaaga 6000 tcctttttga taatctcatg accaaaatcc cttaacgtga gttttcgttc cactgagcgt 6060 cagaccccgt agaaaagatc aaaggatctt cttgagatcc tttttttctg cgcgtaatct 6120 gctgcttgca aacaaaaaaa ccaccgctac cagcggtggt ttgtttgccg gatcaagagc 6180 taccaactct ttttccgaag gtaactggct tcagcagagc gcagatacca aatactgtcc 6240 ttctagtgta gccgtagtta ggccaccact tcaagaactc tgtagcaccg cctacatacc 6300 tcgctctgct aatcctgtta ccagtggctg ctgccagtgg cgataagtcg tgtcttaccg 6360 ggttggactc aagacgatag ttaccggata aggcgcagcg gtcgggctga acggggggtt 6420 cgtgcacaca gcccagcttg gagcgaacga cctacaccga actgagatac ctacagcgtg 6480 agcattgaga aagcgccacg cttcccgaag ggagaaaggc ggacaggtat ccggtaagcg 6540 gcagggtcgg aacaggagag cgcacgaggg agcttccagg gggaaacgcc tggtatcttt 6600 atagtcctgt cgggtttcgc cacctctgac ttgagcgtcg atttttgtga tgctcgtcag 6660 gggggcggag cctatggaaa aacgccagca acgcggcctt tttacggttc ctggcctttt 6720 gctggccttt tgctcacatg ttctttcctg cgttatcccc tgattctgtg gataaccgta 6780 ttaccgcctt tgagtgagct gataccgctc gccgcagccg aacgaccgag cgcagcgagt 6840 cagtgagcga ggaagcggaa gagcgcccaa tacgcaaacc gcctctcccc gcgcgttggc 6900 cgattcatta atgcagggct gcag 6924 10 6924 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial SequencePLASMID p43msENCB-AT 10 gggggggggg gggggggttg gccactccct ctctgcgcgc tcgctcgctc actgaggccg 60 ggcgaccaaa ggtcgcccga cgcccgggct ttgcccgggc ggcctcagtg agcgagcgag 120 cgcgcagaga gggagtggcc aactccatca ctaggggttc ctagatctca ccattcctca 180 cgacacccaa atatggcgac gggtgaggaa tggtggggag ttatttttag agcggtgagg 240 aatggtgggc aggcagcagg tgttggcgct ctaaaaataa ctcccgggag ttatttttag 300 agcggtgagg aatggtggac acccaaatat ggcgacggca ccattcctca ccccaggcca 360 tatttgggtg tcagatcttc aatattggcc attagccata ttattcattg gttatatagc 420 ataaatcaat attggctatt ggccattgca tacgttgtat ctatatcata atatgtacat 480 ttatattggc tcatgtccaa tatgaccgcc atgttggcat tgattattga ctagttatta 540 atagtaatca attacggggt cattagttca tagcccatat atggagttcc gcgttacata 600 acttacggta aatggcccgc ctggctgacc gcccaacgac ccccgcccat tgacgtcaat 660 aatgacgtat gttcccatag taacgccaat agggactttc cattgacgtc aatgggtgga 720 gtatttacgg taaactgccc acttggcagt acatcaagtg tatcatatgc caagtccgcc 780 ccctattgac gtcaatgacg gtaaatggcc cgcctggcat tatgcccagt acatgacctt 840 acgggacttt cctacttggc agtacatcta cgtattagtc atcgctatta ccatggtcga 900 ggtgagcccc acgttctgct tcactctccc catctccccc ccctccccac ccccaatttt 960 gtatttattt attttttaat tattttgtgc agcgatgggg gcgggggggg ggggggggcg 1020 cgcgccaggc ggggcggggc ggggcgaggg gcggggcggg gcgaggcgga gaggtgcggc 1080 ggcagccaat cagagcggcg cgctccgaaa gtttcctttt atggcgaggc ggcggcggcg 1140 gcggccctat aaaaagcgaa gcgcgcggcg ggcgggagtc gctgcgacgc tgccttcgcc 1200 ccgtgccccg ctccgccgcc gcctcgcgcc gcccgccccg gctctgactg accgcgttac 1260 tcccacaggt gagcgggcgg gacggccctt ctcctccggg ctgtaattag cgcttggttt 1320 aatgacggct tgtttctttt ctgtggctgc gtgaaagcct tgaggggctc cgggagggcc 1380 ctttgtgcgg gggggagcgg ctcggggggt gcgtgcgtgt gtgtgtgcgt ggggagcgcc 1440 gcgtgcggcc cgcgctgccc ggcggctgtg agcgctgcgg gcgcggcgcg gggctttgtg 1500 cgctccgcag tgtgcgcgag gggagcgcgg ccgggggcgg tgccccgcgg tgcggggggg 1560 gctgcgaggg gaacaaaggc tgcgtgcggg gtgtgtgcgt gggggggtga gcagggggtg 1620 tgggcgcggc ggtcgggctg taaccccccc ctgcaccccc ctccccgagt tgctgagcac 1680 ggcccggctt cgggtgcggg gctccgtacg gggcgtggcg cggggctcgc cgtgccgggc 1740 ggggggtggc ggcaggtggg ggtgccgggc ggggcggggc cgcctcgggc cggggagggc 1800 tcgggggagg ggcgcggcgg cccccggagc gccggcggct gtcgaggcgc ggcgagccgc 1860 agccattgcc ttttatggta atcgtgcgag agggcgcagg gacttccttt gtcccaaatc 1920 tgtgcggagc cgaaatctgg gaggcgccgc cgcaccccct ctagcgggcg cggggcgaag 1980 cggtgcggcg ccggcaggaa ggaaatgggc ggggagggcc ttcgtgcgtc gccgcgccgc 2040 cgtccccttc tccctctcca gcctcggggc tgtccgcggg gggacggctg ccttcggggg 2100 ggacggggca gggcggggtt cggcttctgg cgtgtgaccg gcggctctag agcctctgct 2160 aaccatgttc atgccttctt ctttttccta cagctcctgg gcaacgtgct ggttattgtg 2220 ctgtctcatc attttggcaa agaattcgat atcaagcttg gggattttca ggcaccacca 2280 ctgacctggg acagtgaatc gacaatgccg tcttctgtct cgtggggcat cctcctgctg 2340 gcaggcctgt gctgcctggt ccctgtctcc ctggctgagg atccccaggg agatgctgcc 2400 cagaagacag atacatccca ccatgatcag gatcacccaa ccttcaacaa gatcaccccc 2460 aacctggctg agttcgcctt cagcctatac cgccagctgg cacaccagtc caacagcacc 2520 aatatcttct tctccccagt gagcatcgct acagcctttg caatgctctc cctggggacc 2580 aaggctgaca ctcacgatga aatcctggag ggcctgaatt tcaacctcac ggagattccg 2640 gaggctcaga tccatgaagg cttccaggaa ctcctccgta ccctcaacca gccagacagc 2700 cagctccagc tgaccaccgg caatggcctg ttcctcagcg agggcctgaa gctagtggat 2760 aagtttttgg aggatgttaa aaagttgtac cactcagaag ccttcactgt caacttcggg 2820 gacaccgaag aggccaagaa acagatcaac gattacgtgg agaagggtac tcaagggaaa 2880 attgtggatt tggtcaagga gcttgacaga gacacagttt ttgctctggt gaattacatc 2940 ttctttaaag gcaaatggga gagacccttt gaagtcaagg acaccgagga agaggacttc 3000 cacgtggacc aggtgaccac cgtgaaggtg cctatgatga agcgtttagg catgtttaac 3060 atccagcact gtaagaagct gtccagctgg gtgctgctga tgaaatacct gggcaatgcc 3120 accgccatct tcttcctgcc tgatgagggg aaactacagc acctggaaaa tgaactcacc 3180 cacgatatca tcaccaagtt cctggaaaat gaagacagaa ggtctgccag cttacattta 3240 cccaaactgt ccattactgg aacctatgat ctgaagagcg tcctgggtca actgggcatc 3300 actaaggtct tcagcaatgg ggctgacctc tccggggtca cagaggaggc acccctgaag 3360 ctctccaagg ccgtgcataa ggctgtgctg accatcgacg agaaagggac tgaagctgct 3420 ggggccatgt ttttagaggc catacccatg tctatccccc ccgaggtcaa gttcaacaaa 3480 ccctttgtct tcttaatgat tgaacaaaat accaagtctc ccctcttcat gggaaaagtg 3540 gtgaatccca cccaaaaata actgcctctc gctcctcaac ccctcccctc catccctggc 3600 cccctccctg gatgacatta aagaagggtt gagctggtaa cccccccccc ccctgcaggg 3660 gccctcgacc cgggcggccg cttcgagcag acatgataag atacattgat gagtttggac 3720 aaaccacaac tagaatgcag tgaaaaaaat gctttatttg tgaaatttgt gatgctattg 3780 ctttatttgt aaccattata agctgcaata aacaagttaa caacaacaat tgcattcatt 3840 ttatgtttca ggttcagggg gagatgtggg aggtttttta aagcaagtaa aacctctaca 3900 aatgtggtaa aatcgataag gatctaggaa cccctagtga tggagttggc cactccctct 3960 ctgcgcgctc gctcgctcac tgaggccgcc cgggcaaagc ccgggcgtcg ggcgaccttt 4020 ggtcgcccgg cctcagtgag cgagcgagcg cgcagagagg gagtggccaa cccccccccc 4080 cccccccctg cagcctggcg taatagcgaa gaggcccgca ccgatcgccc ttcccaacag 4140 ttgcgtagcc tgaatggcga atggcgcgac gcgccctgta gcggcgcatt aagcgcggcg 4200 ggtgtggtgg ttacgcgcag cgtgaccgct acacttgcca gcgccctagc gcccgctcct 4260 ttcgctttct tcccttcctt tctcgccacg ttcgccggct ttccccgtca agctctaaat 4320 cgggggctcc ctttagggtt ccgatttagt gctttacggc acctcgaccc caaaaaactt 4380 gattagggtg atggttcacg tagtgggcca tcgccctgat agacggtttt tcgccctttg 4440 acgttggagt ccacgttctt taatagtgga ctcttgttcc aaactggaac aacactcaac 4500 cctatctcgg tctattcttt tgatttataa gggattttgc cgatttcggc ctattggtta 4560 aaaaatgagc tgatttaaca aaaatttaac gcgaatttta acaaaatatt aacgtttaca 4620 atttcctgat gcggtatttt ctccttacgc atctgtgcgg tatttcacac cgcatatggt 4680 gcactctcag tacaatctgc tctgatgccg catagttaag ccagccccga cacccgccaa 4740 cacccgctga cgcgccctga cgggcttgtc tgctcccggc atccgcttac agacaagctg 4800 tgaccgtctc cgggagctgc atgtgtcaga ggttttcacc gtcatcaccg aaacgcgcga 4860 gacgaaaggg cctcgtgata cgcctatttt tataggttaa tgtcatgata ataatggttt 4920 cttagacgtc aggtggcact tttcggggaa atgtgcgcgg aacccctatt tgtttatttt 4980 tctaaataca ttcaaatatg tatccgctca tgagacaata accctgataa atgcttcaat 5040 aatattgaaa aaggaagagt atgagtattc aacatttccg tgtcgccctt attccctttt 5100 ttgcggcatt ttgccttcct gtttttgctc acccagaaac gctggtgaaa gtaaaagatg 5160 ctgaagatca gttgggtgca cgagtgggtt acatcgaact ggatctcaac agcggtaaga 5220 tccttgagag ttttcgcccc gaagaacgtt ttccaatgat gagcactttt aaagttctgc 5280 tatgtggcgc ggtattatcc cgtattgacg ccgggcaaga gcaactcggt cgccgcatac 5340 actattctca gaatgacttg gttgagtact caccagtcac agaaaagcat cttacggatg 5400 gcatgacagt aagagaatta tgcagtgctg ccataaccat gagtgataac actgcggcca 5460 acttacttct gacaacgatc ggaggaccga aggagctaac cgcttttttg cacaacatgg 5520 gggatcatgt aactcgcctt gatcgttggg aaccggagct gaatgaagcc ataccaaacg 5580 acgagcgtga caccacgatg cctgtagcaa tggcaacaac gttgcgcaaa ctattaactg 5640 gcgaactact tactctagct tcccggcaac aattaataga ctggatggag gcggataaag 5700 ttgcaggacc acttctgcgc tcggcccttc cggctggctg gtttattgct gataaatctg 5760 gagccggtga gcgtgggtct cgcggtatca ttgcagcact ggggccagat ggtaagccct 5820 cccgtatcgt agttatctac acgacgggga gtcaggcaac tatggatgaa cgaaatagac 5880 agatcgctga gataggtgcc tcactgatta agcattggta actgtcagac caagtttact 5940 catatatact ttagattgat ttaaaacttc atttttaatt taaaaggatc taggtgaaga 6000 tcctttttga taatctcatg accaaaatcc cttaacgtga gttttcgttc cactgagcgt 6060 cagaccccgt agaaaagatc aaaggatctt cttgagatcc tttttttctg cgcgtaatct 6120 gctgcttgca aacaaaaaaa ccaccgctac cagcggtggt ttgtttgccg gatcaagagc 6180 taccaactct ttttccgaag gtaactggct tcagcagagc gcagatacca aatactgtcc 6240 ttctagtgta gccgtagtta ggccaccact tcaagaactc tgtagcaccg cctacatacc 6300 tcgctctgct aatcctgtta ccagtggctg ctgccagtgg cgataagtcg tgtcttaccg 6360 ggttggactc aagacgatag ttaccggata aggcgcagcg gtcgggctga acggggggtt 6420 cgtgcacaca gcccagcttg gagcgaacga cctacaccga actgagatac ctacagcgtg 6480 agcattgaga aagcgccacg cttcccgaag ggagaaaggc ggacaggtat ccggtaagcg 6540 gcagggtcgg aacaggagag cgcacgaggg agcttccagg gggaaacgcc tggtatcttt 6600 atagtcctgt cgggtttcgc cacctctgac ttgagcgtcg atttttgtga tgctcgtcag 6660 gggggcggag cctatggaaa aacgccagca acgcggcctt tttacggttc ctggcctttt 6720 gctggccttt tgctcacatg ttctttcctg cgttatcccc tgattctgtg gataaccgta 6780 ttaccgcctt tgagtgagct gataccgctc gccgcagccg aacgaccgag cgcagcgagt 6840 cagtgagcga ggaagcggaa gagcgcccaa tacgcaaacc gcctctcccc gcgcgttggc 6900 cgattcatta atgcagggct gcag 6924 11 6924 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial SequencePLASMID p43rmsENCB-AT 11 gggggggggg gggggggttg gccactccct ctctgcgcgc tcgctcgctc actgaggccg 60 ggcgaccaaa ggtcgcccga cgcccgggct ttgcccgggc ggcctcagtg agcgagcgag 120 cgcgcagaga gggagtggcc aactccatca ctaggggttc ctagatctga cacccaaata 180 tggcctgggg tgaggaatgg tgccgtcgcc atatttgggt gtccaccatt cctcaccgct 240 ctaaaaataa ctcccgggag ttatttttag agcgccaaca cctgctgcct gcccaccatt 300 cctcaccgct ctaaaaataa ctccccacca ttcctcaccc gtcgccatat ttgggtgtcg 360 tgaggaatgg tgagatcttc aatattggcc attagccata ttattcattg gttatatagc 420 ataaatcaat attggctatt ggccattgca tacgttgtat ctatatcata atatgtacat 480 ttatattggc tcatgtccaa tatgaccgcc atgttggcat tgattattga ctagttatta 540 atagtaatca attacggggt cattagttca tagcccatat atggagttcc gcgttacata 600 acttacggta aatggcccgc ctggctgacc gcccaacgac ccccgcccat tgacgtcaat 660 aatgacgtat gttcccatag taacgccaat agggactttc cattgacgtc aatgggtgga 720 gtatttacgg taaactgccc acttggcagt acatcaagtg tatcatatgc caagtccgcc 780 ccctattgac gtcaatgacg gtaaatggcc cgcctggcat tatgcccagt acatgacctt 840 acgggacttt cctacttggc agtacatcta cgtattagtc atcgctatta ccatggtcga 900 ggtgagcccc acgttctgct tcactctccc catctccccc ccctccccac ccccaatttt 960 gtatttattt attttttaat tattttgtgc agcgatgggg gcgggggggg ggggggggcg 1020 cgcgccaggc ggggcggggc ggggcgaggg gcggggcggg gcgaggcgga gaggtgcggc 1080 ggcagccaat cagagcggcg cgctccgaaa gtttcctttt atggcgaggc ggcggcggcg 1140 gcggccctat aaaaagcgaa gcgcgcggcg ggcgggagtc gctgcgacgc tgccttcgcc 1200 ccgtgccccg ctccgccgcc gcctcgcgcc gcccgccccg gctctgactg accgcgttac 1260 tcccacaggt gagcgggcgg gacggccctt ctcctccggg ctgtaattag cgcttggttt 1320 aatgacggct tgtttctttt ctgtggctgc gtgaaagcct tgaggggctc cgggagggcc 1380 ctttgtgcgg gggggagcgg ctcggggggt gcgtgcgtgt gtgtgtgcgt ggggagcgcc 1440 gcgtgcggcc cgcgctgccc ggcggctgtg agcgctgcgg gcgcggcgcg gggctttgtg 1500 cgctccgcag tgtgcgcgag gggagcgcgg ccgggggcgg tgccccgcgg tgcggggggg 1560 gctgcgaggg gaacaaaggc tgcgtgcggg gtgtgtgcgt gggggggtga gcagggggtg 1620 tgggcgcggc ggtcgggctg taaccccccc ctgcaccccc ctccccgagt tgctgagcac 1680 ggcccggctt cgggtgcggg gctccgtacg gggcgtggcg cggggctcgc cgtgccgggc 1740 ggggggtggc ggcaggtggg ggtgccgggc ggggcggggc cgcctcgggc cggggagggc 1800 tcgggggagg ggcgcggcgg cccccggagc gccggcggct gtcgaggcgc ggcgagccgc 1860 agccattgcc ttttatggta atcgtgcgag agggcgcagg gacttccttt gtcccaaatc 1920 tgtgcggagc cgaaatctgg gaggcgccgc cgcaccccct ctagcgggcg cggggcgaag 1980 cggtgcggcg ccggcaggaa ggaaatgggc ggggagggcc ttcgtgcgtc gccgcgccgc 2040 cgtccccttc tccctctcca gcctcggggc tgtccgcggg gggacggctg ccttcggggg 2100 ggacggggca gggcggggtt cggcttctgg cgtgtgaccg gcggctctag agcctctgct 2160 aaccatgttc atgccttctt ctttttccta cagctcctgg gcaacgtgct ggttattgtg 2220 ctgtctcatc attttggcaa agaattcgat atcaagcttg gggattttca ggcaccacca 2280 ctgacctggg acagtgaatc gacaatgccg tcttctgtct cgtggggcat cctcctgctg 2340 gcaggcctgt gctgcctggt ccctgtctcc ctggctgagg atccccaggg agatgctgcc 2400 cagaagacag atacatccca ccatgatcag gatcacccaa ccttcaacaa gatcaccccc 2460 aacctggctg agttcgcctt cagcctatac cgccagctgg cacaccagtc caacagcacc 2520 aatatcttct tctccccagt gagcatcgct acagcctttg caatgctctc cctggggacc 2580 aaggctgaca ctcacgatga aatcctggag ggcctgaatt tcaacctcac ggagattccg 2640 gaggctcaga tccatgaagg cttccaggaa ctcctccgta ccctcaacca gccagacagc 2700 cagctccagc tgaccaccgg caatggcctg ttcctcagcg agggcctgaa gctagtggat 2760 aagtttttgg aggatgttaa aaagttgtac cactcagaag ccttcactgt caacttcggg 2820 gacaccgaag aggccaagaa acagatcaac gattacgtgg agaagggtac tcaagggaaa 2880 attgtggatt tggtcaagga gcttgacaga gacacagttt ttgctctggt gaattacatc 2940 ttctttaaag gcaaatggga gagacccttt gaagtcaagg acaccgagga agaggacttc 3000 cacgtggacc aggtgaccac cgtgaaggtg cctatgatga agcgtttagg catgtttaac 3060 atccagcact gtaagaagct gtccagctgg gtgctgctga tgaaatacct gggcaatgcc 3120 accgccatct tcttcctgcc tgatgagggg aaactacagc acctggaaaa tgaactcacc 3180 cacgatatca tcaccaagtt cctggaaaat gaagacagaa ggtctgccag cttacattta 3240 cccaaactgt ccattactgg aacctatgat ctgaagagcg tcctgggtca actgggcatc 3300 actaaggtct tcagcaatgg ggctgacctc tccggggtca cagaggaggc acccctgaag 3360 ctctccaagg ccgtgcataa ggctgtgctg accatcgacg agaaagggac tgaagctgct 3420 ggggccatgt ttttagaggc catacccatg tctatccccc ccgaggtcaa gttcaacaaa 3480 ccctttgtct tcttaatgat tgaacaaaat accaagtctc ccctcttcat gggaaaagtg 3540 gtgaatccca cccaaaaata actgcctctc gctcctcaac ccctcccctc catccctggc 3600 cccctccctg gatgacatta aagaagggtt gagctggtaa cccccccccc ccctgcaggg 3660 gccctcgacc cgggcggccg cttcgagcag acatgataag atacattgat gagtttggac 3720 aaaccacaac tagaatgcag tgaaaaaaat gctttatttg tgaaatttgt gatgctattg 3780 ctttatttgt aaccattata agctgcaata aacaagttaa caacaacaat tgcattcatt 3840 ttatgtttca ggttcagggg gagatgtggg aggtttttta aagcaagtaa aacctctaca 3900 aatgtggtaa aatcgataag gatctaggaa cccctagtga tggagttggc cactccctct 3960 ctgcgcgctc gctcgctcac tgaggccgcc cgggcaaagc ccgggcgtcg ggcgaccttt 4020 ggtcgcccgg cctcagtgag cgagcgagcg cgcagagagg gagtggccaa cccccccccc 4080 cccccccctg cagcctggcg taatagcgaa gaggcccgca ccgatcgccc ttcccaacag 4140 ttgcgtagcc tgaatggcga atggcgcgac gcgccctgta gcggcgcatt aagcgcggcg 4200 ggtgtggtgg ttacgcgcag cgtgaccgct acacttgcca gcgccctagc gcccgctcct 4260 ttcgctttct tcccttcctt tctcgccacg ttcgccggct ttccccgtca agctctaaat 4320 cgggggctcc ctttagggtt ccgatttagt gctttacggc acctcgaccc caaaaaactt 4380 gattagggtg atggttcacg tagtgggcca tcgccctgat agacggtttt tcgccctttg 4440 acgttggagt ccacgttctt taatagtgga ctcttgttcc aaactggaac aacactcaac 4500 cctatctcgg tctattcttt tgatttataa gggattttgc cgatttcggc ctattggtta 4560 aaaaatgagc tgatttaaca aaaatttaac gcgaatttta acaaaatatt aacgtttaca 4620 atttcctgat gcggtatttt ctccttacgc atctgtgcgg tatttcacac cgcatatggt 4680 gcactctcag tacaatctgc tctgatgccg catagttaag ccagccccga cacccgccaa 4740 cacccgctga cgcgccctga cgggcttgtc tgctcccggc atccgcttac agacaagctg 4800 tgaccgtctc cgggagctgc atgtgtcaga ggttttcacc gtcatcaccg aaacgcgcga 4860 gacgaaaggg cctcgtgata cgcctatttt tataggttaa tgtcatgata ataatggttt 4920 cttagacgtc aggtggcact tttcggggaa atgtgcgcgg aacccctatt tgtttatttt 4980 tctaaataca ttcaaatatg tatccgctca tgagacaata accctgataa atgcttcaat 5040 aatattgaaa aaggaagagt atgagtattc aacatttccg tgtcgccctt attccctttt 5100 ttgcggcatt ttgccttcct gtttttgctc acccagaaac gctggtgaaa gtaaaagatg 5160 ctgaagatca gttgggtgca cgagtgggtt acatcgaact ggatctcaac agcggtaaga 5220 tccttgagag ttttcgcccc gaagaacgtt ttccaatgat gagcactttt aaagttctgc 5280 tatgtggcgc ggtattatcc cgtattgacg ccgggcaaga gcaactcggt cgccgcatac 5340 actattctca gaatgacttg gttgagtact caccagtcac agaaaagcat cttacggatg 5400 gcatgacagt aagagaatta tgcagtgctg ccataaccat gagtgataac actgcggcca 5460 acttacttct gacaacgatc ggaggaccga aggagctaac cgcttttttg cacaacatgg 5520 gggatcatgt aactcgcctt gatcgttggg aaccggagct gaatgaagcc ataccaaacg 5580 acgagcgtga caccacgatg cctgtagcaa tggcaacaac gttgcgcaaa ctattaactg 5640 gcgaactact tactctagct tcccggcaac aattaataga ctggatggag gcggataaag 5700 ttgcaggacc acttctgcgc tcggcccttc cggctggctg gtttattgct gataaatctg 5760 gagccggtga gcgtgggtct cgcggtatca ttgcagcact ggggccagat ggtaagccct 5820 cccgtatcgt agttatctac acgacgggga gtcaggcaac tatggatgaa cgaaatagac 5880 agatcgctga gataggtgcc tcactgatta agcattggta actgtcagac caagtttact 5940 catatatact ttagattgat ttaaaacttc atttttaatt taaaaggatc taggtgaaga 6000 tcctttttga taatctcatg accaaaatcc cttaacgtga gttttcgttc cactgagcgt 6060 cagaccccgt agaaaagatc aaaggatctt cttgagatcc tttttttctg cgcgtaatct 6120 gctgcttgca aacaaaaaaa ccaccgctac cagcggtggt ttgtttgccg gatcaagagc 6180 taccaactct ttttccgaag gtaactggct tcagcagagc gcagatacca aatactgtcc 6240 ttctagtgta gccgtagtta ggccaccact tcaagaactc tgtagcaccg cctacatacc 6300 tcgctctgct aatcctgtta ccagtggctg ctgccagtgg cgataagtcg tgtcttaccg 6360 ggttggactc aagacgatag ttaccggata aggcgcagcg gtcgggctga acggggggtt 6420 cgtgcacaca gcccagcttg gagcgaacga cctacaccga actgagatac ctacagcgtg 6480 agcattgaga aagcgccacg cttcccgaag ggagaaaggc ggacaggtat ccggtaagcg 6540 gcagggtcgg aacaggagag cgcacgaggg agcttccagg gggaaacgcc tggtatcttt 6600 atagtcctgt cgggtttcgc cacctctgac ttgagcgtcg atttttgtga tgctcgtcag 6660 gggggcggag cctatggaaa aacgccagca acgcggcctt tttacggttc ctggcctttt 6720 gctggccttt tgctcacatg ttctttcctg cgttatcccc tgattctgtg gataaccgta 6780 ttaccgcctt tgagtgagct gataccgctc gccgcagccg aacgaccgag cgcagcgagt 6840 cagtgagcga ggaagcggaa gagcgcccaa tacgcaaacc gcctctcccc gcgcgttggc 6900 cgattcatta atgcagggct gcag 6924 12 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial SequenceSYNTHETIC PRIMER 12 tatgggatcg gccattgaac 20 13 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial SequenceSYNTHETIC PRIMER 13 cctgatgctc ttcgtccaga 20

Claims (40)

We claim:
1. A method for providing an animal with a therapeutically effective amount of a serum protein, said method comprising introducing into cells of said animal an effective amount of viral particles or vector, wherein said viral particles or viral vector comprises a polynucleotide encoding said protein.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said animal is a mammal.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein said mammal is a human.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said vector is an adeno-associated virus vector.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein said vector comprises a promoter sequence capable of driving expression of said polynucleotide encoding said protein.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein said promoter sequence is selected from the group consisting of CMV promoter sequences, hybrid CMV enhancer/β-actin promoter sequences, EF1 promoter sequences, U1a promoter sequences and U1b promoter sequences.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein said promoter sequence is an inducible promoter selected from the group consisting of Tet-inducible promoters and VP16-LexA promoter.
8. The method according to claim 5, wherein said vector further comprises an enhancer sequence.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein said enhancer is a synthetic enhancer.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein said animal has a condition that results in a defective protein or a deficiency of said protein encoded by said polynucleotide.
11. The method according to claim 1, wherein said animal has a condition that can be ameliorated or treated by said protein encoded by said polynucleotide.
12. The method according to claim 1, wherein said protein encoded by said polynucleotide is selected from the group consisting of anti-proteases, enzymes, structural proteins, coagulase factors, interleukins, cytokines, growth factors, interferons, and lymphokines.
13. The method according to claim 1, wherein said cells are myofibers, myoblasts, hepatocytes, or lung cells.
14. The method according to claim 1, wherein said polynucleotide encodes human alpha-1-antitrypsin protein, or a biologically active fragment or variant thereof.
15. The method according to claim 4, wherein said polynucleotide encodes human alpha-1-antitrypsin protein, or a biologically active fragment or variant thereof.
16. The method according to claim 1, wherein said viral particles are introduced into said cells or tissue by infection or injection.
17. The method according to claim 1, wherein said vector is introduced into said cells by transfection or injection.
18. The method according to claim 1, wherein said viral particles or vector is introduced into said cells in vitro and said treated cells are introduced into said animal.
19. The method according to claim 1, wherein said viral particles or vector is introduced into said cells in vivo.
20. The method according to claim 19, wherein said viral particles or vector is injected into muscle.
21. The method according to claim 19, wherein said viral particles or vector is injected into portal or peripheral vein.
22. The method according to claim 19, wherein said viral particles or vector is injected intratracheally or inhaled into the lungs.
23. The method according to claim 15, wherein said vector is selected from the group consisting of dE-AT, E-AT, C-AT, C-AT2, p43C-AT, p43CB-AT, p43C-AT-IN, p43msENC-AT, p43rmsENC-AT, p43msENCB-AT and p43rmsENCB-AT.
24. A recombinant viral vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding a protein capable of providing a therapeutic effect to an animal when expressed in said animal.
25. The vector according to claim 24, wherein said animal is a mammal.
26. The vector according to claim 25, wherein said mammal is a human.
27. The vector according to claim 26, wherein said vector is an adeno-associated virus vector.
28. The vector according to claim 24, wherein said vector comprises a promoter sequence capable of driving expression of said polynucleotide encoding said protein.
29. The vector according to claim 28, wherein said promoter sequence is selected from the group consisting of CMV promoter sequences, hybrid CMV enhancer/β-actin promoter sequences, EF1 promoter sequences, U1a promoter sequences and U1b promoter sequences.
30. The vector according to claim 24, wherein said polynucleotide encodes human alpha-1-antitrypsin protein, of a biologically active fragment or variant thereof.
31. The vector according to claim 27, wherein said polynucleotide encodes human alpha-1-antitrypsin protein, of a biologically active fragment or variant thereof.
32. The vector according to claim 31, wherein said vector is selected from the group consisting of dE-AT, E-AT, C-AT, C-AT2, p43C-AT, p43CB-AT, p43C-AT-IN, p43msENC-AT, p43rmsENC-AT, p43msENCB-AT and p43rmsENCB-AT.
33. The vector according to claim 28, wherein said promoter sequence is an inducible promoter selected from the group consisting of Tet-inducible promoters and VP16-LexA promoter.
34. The vector according to claim 28, wherein said vector further comprises an enhancer sequence.
35. The vector according to claim 34, wherein said enhancer is a synthetic enhancer.
36. The vector according to claim 24, wherein said protein encoded by said polynucleotide is selected from the group consisting of anti-proteases, enzymes, structural proteins, coagulase factors, interleukins, cytokines, growth factors, interferons, and lymphokines.
37. A viral particle comprising the vector of claim 24.
38. A cell comprising the vector of claim 24.
39. The cell according to claim 38, wherein said cell is a myofiber, myoblast, hepatocyte, or lung cell.
40. A method for treating alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in an animal, said method comprising introducing into cells of said animal a vector according to claim 24, wherein said polynucleotide of said vector encodes alpha-1-antitrypsin protein, or a biologically active fragment or variant thereof.
US10/340,112 1998-04-24 2003-01-10 Adeno-associated viral vectors for the treatment and prevention of diabetes Abandoned US20030095949A1 (en)

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